Auto rickshaw From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An auto rickshaw or three-wheeler (tuk-

tuk, trishaw, auto, rickshaw, autorick, bajaj, rick, tricycle, mototaxi, or baby taxi in popular parlance) is a

usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the

traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are an essential form of urban transport in

many developing countries, and a form of novelty transport in many Eastern countries.

Contents

[hide]

1 Origin and Design

2 Regional variations

o 2.1 Africa

2.1.1 Eastern Africa

2.1.2 Nigeria

o 2.2 Asia

2.2.1 Bangladesh

2.2.2 Cambodia

2.2.3 Gaza

2.2.4 India

2.2.5 Laos

2.2.6 Pakistan

2.2.7 Nepal

2.2.8 Philippines

2.2.9 Sri Lanka

2.2.10 Thailand

2.2.11 Vietnam

o 2.3 Europe

2.3.1 Italy

2.3.2 Netherlands

2.3.3 United Kingdom

o 2.4 Central America

2.4.1 El Salvador

2.4.2 Cuba

2.4.3 Guatemala

2.4.4 Honduras

o 2.5 South America

2.5.1 Peru

3 Fuel efficiency and pollution

4 Traffic issues

5 Racing

6 Portrayal in media

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

[edit]Origin and Design

Daihatsu Midget Model DKA

African and Indian three-wheelers have followed the original design of the Piaggio Ape C, from 1956, which

was originally based on the Vespa. In India, Bajaj Auto produced under Piaggio license from 1959 to 1974.

Auto rickshaws of Southeast Asia started from the knockdown production of the Daihatsu Midget.[1]

Japan had

been exporting three-wheelers to Thailand since 1934. Moreover, The Ministry of Posts and

Telecommunications of Japan donated about 20,000 used three-wheelers to Southeast Asia[when?]

.[2][3][4][5]

In

Japan, three-wheelers went out of use in the latter half of the 1960s.[6]

The word rickshaw originates from the Japanese word "Jinrikisha" (人力車, 人 jin = human, 力 riki = power or

force, 車 sha = vehicle), which literally means "Human-powered vehicle".

An auto rickshaw is generally characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame resting on three wheels, a

canvas roof with drop-down sides, a small cabin in the front of the vehicle for the driver (sometimes called

an auto-wallah), and seating space for up to three passengers in the rear. Newer models are generally fitted

with an CNG-fueled scooter version of a 200cc four-stroke engine, with handlebar controls instead of a steering

wheel[citation needed]

.

[edit]Regional variations

[edit]Africa

[edit]Eastern Africa

There are tuk-tuks in several Kenyan towns. Using them is somewhat cheaper than ordinary taxis. However,

tuk-tuks cannot operate in mountainous towns, which are common in Kenya. Fierce competition with Boda-

bodas (bicycle taxis) and Matatus (minibuses) hinders popularity of Tuk-tuks, especially within the interior of

Kenya. While they may not be widely found in Kenya, they are numerous in the coastal regions, which are less

mountainous. For example, in the town of Malindi they offer an economical and convenient mode of

transportation.

Tuk-tuks are also common in Ethiopia and are becoming common in Tanzania, particularly in the outer areas

of Dar es Salaam. In Tanzania and Ethiopia they are known as "Bajaj" or "Bajajis", after theBajaj Auto company

which manufactures many of them. Since 2009, tuk-tuks have become common in Maputo, Mozambique.

[edit]Nigeria

There are keke-marwa's in several Nigerian towns and cities. Although not as popular as the ubiquitous

"Okada" in Nigeria, keke-marwa's are embraced as an alternative means of transport by the middle and lower

class citizens. Keke-marwa is named after Lagos former military Governor, Buba Marwa in the late 90's.

[edit]Asia

[edit]Bangladesh

Auto rickshaws (locally called "baby taxis" and more recently "CNGs" due to their fuel source) are one of the

most popular modes of transport in Bangladesh mainly due to their size and speed. They are best suited to

narrow, crowded streets, and are thus the principal means of covering longer distances within urban areas.

Earlier, auto rickshaws were colored black with a yellow canvas topping and ran on gasoline without any meter

system. However, due to the vast supplies of natural gas in Bangladesh, the government has since encouraged

the development of four-stroke compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered engines rather than the older two

stroke engine petrol-running models. Two-stroke engines had been identified as one of the leading sources of

air pollution in Dhaka. Thus, since January 2003, traditional auto rickshaws were banned from the capital; only

the new CNG-powered models were permitted to operate within the city limits. The newly manufactured CNG

auto rickshaws are more fuel-efficient and have a lower center of gravity, making them safer than older models.

All CNGs are painted green to signify that the vehicles are eco-friendly and that each one has a meter built in

as standard.[7]

Another version of the auto rickshaw can be seen in rural areas of Bangladesh, where they are called

"helicopters". "Helicopters" are auto rickshaws modified to have a large body with which it can carry more than

six or seven passengers.

At the end of the 1980s, a local company Atlas designed and built a new version of the auto rickshaw,

called mishuk, a name derived from a children's mascot of a local deer. Unlike baby taxis, mishuks have spoke

wheels and a green body, and have no meter system. Mishuks have more space than baby taxis or CNGs,

which makes it more popular with women. They are commonly found in Dhaka and elsewhere in the country

due to its four-stroke engine, which is not listed as a significant source of air pollution.

[edit]Cambodia

Cambodian tuk-tuk and driver in Siem Reap, Cambodia

In Cambodia, the term tuk-tuk (Khmer: ) is used to refer to a motorcycle with a cabin attached to the

rear. Cambodian cities have a much lower volume of automobile traffic than Thai cities, and tuk-tuks are still

the most common form of urban transport. At the temple complex of Angkor, for example, tuk-tuks provide a

convenient form of transport around the complex for tourists. One can hire a tuk-tuk and driver by the day.

Siem Reap tuk-tuks are generally of the style of motorcycle and trailer. Phnom Penh tuk-tuks are by contrast

one piece. They are the front end of a motorcycle consisting of steering, tank and engine/gearbox with a

covered tray mounted at the back. The power is transferred by chain to an axle mounted to the modified rear

fork which drives the two rear wheels. Suspended upon the rear fork is an open cabin with an in-line seat on

each side. This arrangement can carry 6 people at ease, with their luggage in the leg space. It is not unusual to

see these vehicles greatly overloaded, especially in outer suburbs and around markets.

Currently, Tuk Tuk in Cambodia is being developed to be more convenient and safer. It is also becoming a

popular form of transportation for Phnom Penh residents.

[edit]Gaza

Together with the recent boom of recreational facilities in Gaza for the local residents, donkey carts have all but

been displaced by tuk-tuks in 2010. Due to the ban by Israeli on the import of most motorised vehicles, the tuk-

tuks have had to be smuggled in parts through the tunnel network connecting Gaza with Egypt.[8]

[edit]India

This section contains information which may be of unclear or

questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter. Please help improve

this article by clarifying or removing superfluous information. (July 2010)

Auto rickshaws parked on the streets ofMumbai

An autorickshaw in Bangalore being repaired

Auto rickshaws (often called just auto) are common all over India, and provide cheap and efficient

transportation. New auto rickshaws run on CNG and are environment friendly. Typical mileage for an Indian-

made auto rickshaw is around 35 kilometers per liter of petrol (about 2.9 L per 100 km, or 82 miles per gallon

[United States (wet measure), 100 miles per gallon Imperial (United Kingdom, Canada)].

Painted Auto rickshaw in Sajanagarh,Baleswar, Orissa

Many major nationalized banks in India offer loans to self-employed individuals seeking to buy auto rickshaws.

Auto rickshaw manufacturers in India includeBajaj Auto, Kumar Motors, Kerala Auto Limited , Force

Motors (previously Bajaj Tempo), Mahindra & Mahindra , Piaggio Ape and TVS Motors. Auto rickshaws are

found in cities, villages and in the countryside.

A very old auto rickshaw in Bhedaghat,Madhya Pradesh.Such autos are the only means of public transport in some

parts of rural India

There are two types of autorickshaws in India. In older versions the engines were situated below driver's seat.

In newer versions engines are in rear portion. They normally run on petrol, CNG and diesel. The seating

capacity of a normal rickshaw is 4 including driver. There are also six seater rickshaws in parts of Maharashtra.

In cities and towns across India it is the backbone of city transport. Normally their fare rates are controlled by

govt. They have tarriff meters.

In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Delhi government to

implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and around the city. Delhi's air

quality has improved with the switch to CNG. Initially, auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait in long queues

for CNG refueling, but the situation has improved with the increase of CNG stations. CNG autos were

distinguishable from the erstwhile petrol-powered autos by having a green and yellow livery as opposed to the

earlier black and yellow. Certain local governments are pushing for four-stroke engines instead of the current

two-stroke versions.

[edit]Laos

Lao tuk-tuks come as tuk-tuks or jumbo tuk-tuks. Jumbos have a larger 3 or 4 cylinder four-stroke engine, and

many are powered by Daihatsu engines. Jumbos' larger engine and cabin size allow for greater loads, up to 12

persons, and higher top speeds. Jumbos are (with few exceptions) only found inVientiane and Luang Prabang.

[edit]Pakistan

Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transport in Pakistani towns and is mainly used for traveling short

distances within cities. One of the major brands of auto rickshaws is Vespa (an Italian Company). Lahore is hub

of CNG Auto rikshaws manufacturers in Pakistan.The government of Pakistan is taking measures to convert all

the gasoline run auto-rickshaws to more effective CNG rickshaw by 2015 in all the major cities of Pakistan by

issuing easy loans through commercial banks. Environment Canada is implementing pilot projects

in Lahore, Karachi and Quetta with engine technology developed inMississauga, Ontario, Canada that

uses compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of gasoline in the two-stroke engines, in an effort to

combat environmental pollution.[citation needed]

In many cities in Pakistan, there are also motorcycle rickshaws, usually called chand gari (moon car)

or qingqi (after the Chinese company who first introduced these to the market).

Rickshaws are forbidden in the capital, Islamabad.

[edit]Nepal

Auto rickshaws were the popular mode of transport in Nepal during 1980s and 1990s, till Nepal Government

decided to ban the movement of 600 such vehicles in the early 2000.[9]

Earliest model of auto rickshaw running

in Kathmandu were manufactured by Bajaj Auto.

Nepal has been a popular destination for Rickshaw Run. The 2009 Fall Run took place in Goa, India and

concluded in Pokhara, Nepal[10]

.

[edit]Philippines

Main article: Tricycle (Philippines)

Auto rickshaws are an especially popular form of public transportation in the Philippines, where they are

referred to as "tricycles" (Filipino: traysikel; Cebuano:traysikol).[11]

In the Philippines, the design and

configuration of tricycles varies widely from place to place, but tends towards rough standardization within each

municipality. The usual design is a passenger or cargo sidecar fitted to a motorcycle, usually on the right of the

motercycle. It is rare to find one with a left sidecar. Tricycles can carry five passengers or more in the sidecar,

one or two pillion passengers behind the motorcycle driver, and even a few on the roof of the sidecar. Tricycles

are one of the main contributors to air pollution in the Philippines[citation needed]

, since majority of them employ two-

stroke motorcycles. However, some local governments are working towards phasing out two-stroke-powered

tricycles for ones with cleaner four-stroke motorcycles.

A motorized tricycle in Dumaguete City

Tricycle with 7 passenger sidecar, the Province of Aklan.

[edit]Sri Lanka

Auto rickshaw in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Auto rickshaws, commonly known as three-wheelers, can be found on all roads in Sri Lanka from the curvy

roads through the hill country to the congested roads of Colombo transporting locals, foreigners, or freight

about. Sri Lankan tuk-tuks are of the style of the light Phnom Penh type. Most tuk-tuks in Sri Lanka are a

slightly modified Indian Bajaj model, imported from India though there are few manufactured locally and

increasingly imports from other countries in the region and other brands of three wheelers such as Piaggio. In

2007 January the Sri Lankan government imposed a ban on all 2 stroke three wheelers and therefore the ones

imported to the island now are only with a four stroke engine. Most three wheelers are available as hiring

vehicles with few being used to haul goods and as private vehicles. Bajaj enjoys a virtual monopoly in the

island with its agent being David Pieries Motor Co Ltd.[12]

A few three wheelers in Sri Lanka have distance

meters, but the vast majority of charges are negotiated between the passenger and driver.

[edit]Thailand

The auto rickshaw, called tuk-tuk (Thai: ตุ๊กตุ๊ก) in Thailand, is a widely used form of urban transport

in Bangkok and other Thai cities, as well as other major Southeast Asian and South Asian cities. It is

particularly popular where traffic congestion is a major problem, such as in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima.

Bangkok and other cities in Thailand have many tuk-tuks which are a more open variation on the India auto-

rickshaw. There are no meters, and trip costs are negotiated in advance. Bangkok fares have risen to nearly

equal normal taxis due to uninformed foreigners willing to pay the asking price, but leaves passengers more

exposed to environmental pollution than taxis. The solid roof is so low that the tuk-tuk is a difficult touring

vehicle. Today few locals take one unless they are burdened with packages.

The Thai tuk tuk is starting to change from the old smoke-spewing vehicle of yesteryear. Many Thai Tuk Tuk

companies now produce Low Emission vehicles, and even old ones are having new Engines fitted along with

LPG conversions. In an early morning of Bangkok, these same passenger vehicles can be seen busily

transporting fresh produce around the city. The new tuk tuks also have wet weather sides to keep passengers

and drivers dry.

The Thai auto-rikshaw manufacturers are, Monika Motors Ltd., TukTuk (Thailand) Co., Ltd., TukTuk Forwerder

Co., Ltd.Bangkok and MMW Tuk-Tuks Co.,Ltd. in Hua Hin. Smaller manufacturers are theChinnaraje Co.,

Ltd. in Chiang Mai and the Expertise Co., Ltd. in Chonburi which is manufacturing its models in Komaki, Japan,

also.

[edit]Vietnam

There are comparatively few Vietnamese tuk-tuks on the road. Most are in the two largest cities, Ho Chi Minh

City or Hanoi as well as a few in other major tourist centers. Ho Chi Minh tuk-tuks generally comprise the

motorcycle and trailer style of Siem Reap while Hanoi and Hội An tuk-tuks are of the style of the light Phnom

Penh type.

[edit]Europe

[edit]Italy

An Ape C (1956-1967)

Auto rickshaws have been very commonly used in Italy since the late '40s providing a low-cost mode of

transport in the post World War II years when the country was short of economical resources. The Piaggio Ape,

invented by the Vespa creator Corradino D'Ascanio, first produced in 1948 by the Italian company Piaggio,

though primarily meant for load carrying, since then has been also widely used as an autorickshaw for human

transportation and it's still extremely popular all over the country, being particularly fit in the narrow streets of

the center of many little towns of central and southern Italy. Though it has lost his key-role in the country

transportation, Piaggio Ape is still used as a minitaxi in some areas such as the islands

of Ischia or Stromboli (in Stromboli cars are not allowed), and it has recently re-launched as a trendy-ecological

carrier or as a promotion tool, mostly relying on the role Ape played in the history of the Italian design. Since

2006 Ape is being produced (on licence) also in India where currently is one of the most popular auto

rickshaws.

[edit]Netherlands

Since 2007, tuk-tuks have been active in the Netherlands, starting with Amsterdam. They now operate

in Amersfoort[13]

, Amsterdam, The Hague, Zandvoort, Bergen op Zoom, the popular beach resort Renesse

and Rotterdam. The tuk-tuks in the Netherlands are imported from India and Thailand are fitted

with CNGengines and have passed the EURO-4 rules.

[edit]United Kingdom

Tuctucs booking Auto rickshaw located in Brighton Marina.

The first Tuk Tuks to enter service in the United Kingdom were supplied and built by MMW Imports under the

brand name MMW Tuk Tuks in 1999, The very first Private Hire license was issued to an MMW Tuk Tuk for

tours of Bath in the year 2000, MMW also gained full Hackney license in Weston-super-Mare. MMW also now

export Tuk Tuks from Thailand to the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, New Zealand and Australia. All the MMW

range are built in their own factory in Thailand and are custom made for each customer's needs, hence no two

tuk tuks are the same but come fully customized as per required spec.[14]

Tukshop of Southampton started the commercial importing of Tuk Tuks into the UK in 2003 which resulted in

many people being inspired to set up taxi type operations in a number of cities including Blackpool, Brighton

and Leeds. Tukshop failed to gain a taxi operator license for London after a number of media appearances in

2004. The company founded by mrsteve are specialists in experiential marketing using the iconic three

wheelers for street marketingcampaigns. Clients of Tukshop include many household names such as T Mobile,

Harrods, Universal Pictures, O2, BBC, Freeview, Price Waterhouse Coopers, Tiger Beer & Grolsch lager.

Tukshop have imported and put over one hundred tuk tuks on the roads of the UK and Europe between starting

the business and Oct 2010. The company currently stocks models from Piaggio & Bajaj including the

commercial versions such as the TM Van.

A Bajaj tuk tuk is currently operated by Bangwallop of Salcombe, South Devon. Taking just two passengers at

a time, the tuk tuk has an operator's license issued by VOSA and trips can be booked in advance.

Auto rickshaws were introduced to the city of Brighton and Hove on 10 July 2006 by entrepreneur Dominic

Ponniah's company Tuctuc Ltd, who had the idea after seeing the vehicles used in India and Sri Lanka. They

were CNG-powered, using a four-speed (plus reverse) 175 cc engine. Under the terms of their license, the

Bajas ran on a fixed single route, and stopped only at designated stops. They are of the same design as

traditional auto rickshaws in other countries.

An investigation was launched into Tuctuc Ltd's operation of the service after complaints were raised that

routes, stopping points and timetables were not being adhered, primarily by the city's taxi drivers.[15]

In

November 2006, the company was fined £16,500 - the maximum penalty possible - by the South East Traffic

Commissioner. After amendments were made to the timetable to reduce delays and improve reliability, the

Commissioner allowed the company to keep its operating license.[16]

However, the company announced in

January 2008 that it was ceasing operations, citing "archaic legislation" as the reason.[17]

[edit]Central America

[edit]El Salvador

The mototaxi or moto is the El Salvadoran version of the auto rickshaw. These are most commonly made from

the front end and engine of a motorcycle attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in back. Commercially

produced models, such as the Indian Bajaj brand, are also employed.

[edit]Cuba

Three-wheeled Coco taxis in Havana,Cuba

Three-wheeled Coco taxis, resembling a coconut, are used in Havana, Cuba.

[edit]Guatemala

In Guatemala the commercial vehicles are referred to as tuk-tuks. Tuk-tuks operate, both as taxis and private

vehicles, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, around the island town of Flores, Peten, in the mountain city

of Antigua Guatemala, and in many small towns in the mountains. In 2005 the tuk-tuks prevalent in theLago de

Atitlán towns of Panajachel and Santiago Atitlán all appeared to be from India (Bajaj Auto).

[edit]Honduras

Three wheeled all-in-one tuk-tuks are used in the place of traditional taxis in most rural towns and villages.

[edit]South America

[edit]Peru

It is a common sight in the rural areas and many towns and cities of Peru to see Bajaj auto rickshaws, locally

known as mototaxis, "taxi cholo" or "cholotaxi" lining up to pick up passengers as their fare is very low. They

are also in the capital, Lima, but they are usually restricted to the poorer districts.

[edit]Fuel efficiency and pollution

In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Delhi government to

implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and around the city.[citation

needed] Delhi's air quality has improved with the switch to CNG. Initially, auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait

in long queues for CNG refueling, but the situation has improved with the increase of CNG stations. Certain

local governments are pushing for four-stroke engines instead of the current two-stroke versions.

Typical mileage for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around 35 kilometers per liter of petrol(about 2.9 L per

100 km, or 82 miles per gallon [United States (wet measure), 100 miles per gallon Imperial (United Kingdom,

Canada)]. Pakistan has passed a similar law prohibiting auto rickshaws in certain areas. CNG auto rickshaws

have started to appear in huge numbers in many Pakistani cities.

In January 2007 the Sri Lankan government also banned two-stroke trishaws to reduce air pollution. In the

Philippines[18]

there are projects to convert carburated two-stroke engines to direct-injected

viaEnvirofit technology. Research has shown LPG or CNG gas direct-injection to be retrofit-able to existing

engines in similar fashion to the Envirofit system.[19]

In Vigan City majority of tricycles-for-hire as of 2008 are

powered by motorcycles with four-stroke engines, as tricycles with two-stroke motorcycles are prevented from

receiving operating permits. Direct injection is standard equipment on new machines in India.[20][21]

In March 2009 an international consortium coordinated by the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy

Technologies initiated a two-year public-private partnership of local and international stakeholders aiming at

operating a fleet of 15 hydrogen-fueled three-wheeled vehicles in New Delhi's Pragati Maidan complex.[22]

As of

January 2011, the project was upon completion.

[edit]Traffic issues

Auto rickshaws have a top-speed of around 50 km/h (about 31 mph) and a cruising speed of around 35 km/h

(22 mph), much slower than the automobiles they share the road with. Traffic authorities in big cities try to

implement mechanisms to reduce the resulting traffic slowing, but none have proven effective.

The MMW Tuk Tuk has a top speed of around 70 mph and with the introduction of the new turbo will have

much improved acceleration, to allow for increased speed these Tuk Tuks have anti-roll bars and are fitted with

disc brakes.

The triangular form of the vehicle makes maneuvering easy, with the single front wheel negotiating the

available gap, and the rear two wheels forcing a larger space.

In the Philippines, 2-stroke motor tricycle such as Yamaha RS-100T can give a top speed of 55 km/h (one

passenger at the sidecar), or 30–40 km/h (full passengers in the sidecar). More powerful four-stroke motor

tricycles such as Honda TMX & Yamaha STX & Bajaj CT-100 can give a top speed up to 70–85 km/h (special

trip/one passenger) or 40–50 km/h (full passengers).

[edit]Racing

Due to their relatively low top-speed, auto rickshaws have never lent themselves to conventional road or street

racing. However, their modest speed, simple construction and impressive fuel economy has endeared them to

the international amateur adventuring community, most notably with the Indian Autorickshaw Challenge and

more recently the Rickshaw Run, and even off-road racing with the Apecar competitions[23]

in Italy.

[edit]Portrayal in media

Auto rickshaws are often portrayed in Indian films (Auto Shankar (film), Basha, Aye Auto, Oram Po) as well as

some Hollywood and foreign productions such as the James Bond film Octopussy, the Canada-India

film Amal and the Indonesian movie Pembalasan Rambu. Auto rickshaws are also prominent in the fuel-poor

London of 2027 A.D. depicted in Children of Men. A memorable tuk-tuk chase features in the Thai film Ong-

Bak: Muay Thai Warrior, climaxing with many of them driving off the edge of an unfinished elevated

expressway. The video games Just Cause 2, Stuntman, and Battlefield: Bad Company 2: Vietnam feature Tuk-

Tuks as drivable vehicles. James Bond (Pierce Brosnan) rides in a tuk-tuk in a Visa Card commercial.[24]

[edit]See also

Pulled rickshaw

Cycle rickshaw

Three wheeler

Jeepney

Tricycle

Sidecar

Envirofit

Rickshaw art

[edit]References

1. ^ Dinesh.com "AutoRickshaw"

2. ^ ミゼット物語 木村信之 著 高原書店（Nobuyuki Kimura "Story of

Midget", Published on November 10, 1998）

3. ^ Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. public relations section

4. ^ BANGKOK SHUHO

Newspaper ■ＮＰＯみらいネットワーク寄附講座、ホテル観光学科の

学生に日タイ関係をピーアール 日本での就職機会に関心

5. ^ /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321:2009-11-30-

05-34-59&catid=54:2009-09-09-07-52-31&Itemid=232 Royal Thai

Embassy Tokyo, Japan 日本生まれのタイのトゥクトゥク(Tuk-Tuk of

Thailand was born in Japan.)

6. ^ The Japanese Government abolished the three-wheeler license in

1965.

7. ^ "Police purge for Dhaka rickshaws". BBC. December 20, 2002.

Retrieved 2011-03-22.

8. ^ "Tuk Tuks replace mules on Gaza streets,". Maan News Agency.

September 12, 2010. Retrieved March 22, 2011.

9. ^ "Nepal Government decides to ban 3 wheeler auto rickshaws from

Nepal's road". BBC. July 28, 1999. Retrieved 2011-12-06.

10. ^ "Rickshaw Run on 3 Wheelers from Goa, India to Pokhara, Nepal".

The National. August 29 , 2009. Retrieved 2011-12-06.

11. ^ "Motorcycles and tricycles". Utrecht Faculty of Education. Retrieved

2009-03-14.

12. ^ "Bajaj ready with 4 stroke autos for SL". Indiacar.net. Retrieved

2010-04-03.

13. ^ "CityTuk Nederland". CityTuk.nl.

14. ^ "History of MMW Tuk-Tuks". MMW Tuk-Tuks. 2004-06-14.

Retrieved 2010-05-04.

15. ^ "Public inquiry into tuk-tuk firm". BBC News. 2006-09-13. Retrieved

2009-03-14.

16. ^ "Tuctuc Ltd fined for breach of Public Service Vehicle License".

BBC News. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2010-04-03.

17. ^ "Tuk-tuks to be taken off the road". BBC News Sussex. 19 January

2008. Retrieved 2009-05-03.

18. ^ "Envirofit's Tricycle Retrofit Program Funded". Colorado State

University. May 19, 2006. Retrieved March 22, 2011.

19. ^ "Microsoft Word - SETC_LPG2T.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-04-03.

20. ^ "Bajaj rolls out low-emission fuel-efficient autorickshaw".

Blonnet.com. 2007-12-09. Retrieved 2010-04-03.[dead link]

21. ^ "Bajaj Begins Production of 2-Stroke Direct-Injection Auto

Rickshaw". Green Car Congress. 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2010-04-03.

22. ^ "A fleet of hydrogen rickshaws to circulate in New Delhi by 2010".

International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Retrieved

March 22, 2011.

23. ^ "Ape racing competition (in Italian)". Retrieved March 22, 2011.

24. ^ "Visa Tuk Tuk carries Pierce Brosnan as Bond". The Inspiration

Room. 2006-07-24. Retrieved 2010-04-03.

[edit]External links

Wikimedia Commons has media

related to: Auto-rickshaws

Wikimedia Commons has media

related to: Tuk-tuks

Article: Hybrid tuk-tuks are coming

The India 1000 - an article in Wired about auto rickshaw racing

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Carpooling Slugging • Flexible carpooling • Real-time ridesharing

Other transport Aerial tramway • Bicycle sharing • Car sharing • Gondola lift • Horse-drawn vehicle • People mover • Airline • Airliner • Elevator • Moving sidewalk • Escalator

Ship Cable ferry • Ferry • Hovercraft • Hydrofoil • Ocean liner • Water taxi • Cruise ship

Locations

Bus bulb • Bus garage • Bus lane • Bus stand • Bus station • Bus stop • Bus terminus • Bus turnout • Hub • Interchange station • Kassel kerb • Layover • Metro station • Park and ride • Queue jump •Taxicab stand • Train

station • Tram stop • Transit mall • Airport • Harbor • Port • Hangar • Dry dock

Revenue/fares

Bus advertising • Contract of carriage • Dead mileage • Farebox recovery ratio • Free travel pass • Free public transport • Manual fare collection • Money train • Proof-of-payment • Ticket machine •Transit pass • Checked

baggage • Exit fare • Fare evasion

Scheduling Public transport timetable • On-time performance • Short turn • Bus bunching • Clock-face scheduling

Other Boarding • Destination sign • Hail and ride • Prohibited activities • Public transport security • Airport security • Request stop • Transit police

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Categories:

Tricycle motorcycles

Public transport in India

Transport in Bangkok

Transport in Pakistan

Transportation in the Philippines

Three-wheeled motor vehicles

Vehicles for hire

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This page was last modified on 23 December 2011 at 09:22.

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