Kiv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti

inglisuri filologia

nestan akobia

pragmatikuli kategoriebis Sedareba aramxatvrul da

mxatvrul teqstebSi

(konkretuli teqstebis magaliTebze)

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis filologiis doqtoris ( Ph. D.) akademiuri

xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

mecnier-xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

Tsu asocirebuli profesori: naTia nemsaZe

Tbilisi.

2008

avtoris stili daculia

2

sarCevi

Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

Tavi I : pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva iuridiuli teqstebis

mixedviT ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 26

Tavi II : pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva umberto ekos nawarmoeb

“Foucault’s Pendulum” – idan pirveli ori Tavis mixedviT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

Tavi III : postmodernisti mwerlis _ umberto ekos Sedareba realist

mweral – Carlz dikensTan pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

Tavi IV : pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva sagazeTo statiis

mixedviT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66

Tavi V : pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva samecniero statiebis

mixedviT ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 79

daskvna : ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 123

kvlevis saboloo Sedegebi: ---------------------------------------------- 153

gamoyenebuli literatura : ------------------------------------------- 159

sailustracio masala : ------------------------------------------- 165

3

Sesavali

Cemi samecniero kvlevis sagans Seadgens teqstis pragmatikuli

kategoriebis Zieba da dadgena Cems xelT arsebuli samecniero

literaturis safuZvelze. am kategoriebis Ziebasa da dadgenas

vawarmoeb iuridiul (ori saxis iuridiul teqsts ganvixilav:

saqarTvelos konstitucias __ kanons saxelmwifos Sesaxeb (inglisur

versias) da kanons saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiisa da gazis Sesaxeb

(aseve inglisur versias), anu SeiZleba iTqvas vadareb maT erTmaneTs),

mxatvrul (klasikos mweral, Carlz dikensis nawarmoebis "Great

Expactation"- isa da postmodernist mweral, umberto ekos nawarmoebis

"Foucault's Pendulum"- is mixedviT, maT Soris gansxvavebebis moZebniT),

sagazeTo statiisa da samecniero statiebis mixedviT, (kerZod,

biologiuri, istoriuli da literaturuli samecniero statiebis

mixedviT), (aseve maT Soris gansxvavebebis moZebniT) .

pirvel rigSi, mainteresebs gamijvna Tavad kategoriebs Soris;

gamovyof pragmatikul kategoriebs, romlebic metyvel subieqts

ukavSirdebian da pragmatikul kategoriebs, romlebic msmenel

subieqts ukavSirdebian. Semdeg mainteresebs, zemoT aRniSnul

teqstebSi am kategoriebis prevalireba_naklebobis dadgena;

mainteresebs aseve, romeli stilis teqstia yvelaze informaciuli,

eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale (eseni im pragmatikul kategoriebs

miekuTvnebian, romlebic msmenel subieqtze arian orientirebulni);

Cems naSromSi am yovelives ganxilvasa da axsna-ganmartebas Sevecdebi.

axla ki mivyveT Tanmimdevrobas da Tavdapirvelad gaverkveT, Tu

ra aris sintaqtika, semantika da pragmatika; gaverkveT, romlebi arian

pragmatikuli kategoriebi anu romlebi miekuTvnebian pragmatikas da

Semdeg isini ganvixiloT aRniSnuli teqstebis mixedviT.

cnobilia, rom yoveli mecniereba an mecnierebis calkeuli dargi

arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac mas gaaCnia sakuTari kategorialuri

aparati. komunikaciuri modelis Seqmnasa da konstituirebaSi

komunikaciuri aqtis komponentebTan erTad (adresanti, adresati,

4 referenciuli situacia da a.S. ) monawileobs enis sistema, xolo

mTeli enobrivi sistemis gansaxierebad unda CaiTvalos enobrivi

niSani, romlis sam ganzomilebad Tanamedrove lingvistikas miaCnia

sintaqtikuri, semantikuri da pragmatikuli ganzomilebani. roca

vambobT, rom Tanamedrove lingvistikas safuZvlad udevs niSnis cneba,

es ar niSnavs imas, rom f. de sosiurma SeimuSava es sami ganzomileba

__ isini pirvelad amerikelma filofosma pirsma wamoayena. pirveli

etapi, es iyo sintaqtikuri azrovneba, mas mohyva semantikuri, xolo

Semdgom pragmatikuli etapebi. e. i. me-20 saukunis lingvistika _ es

aris semiotikuri lingvistika, mis Teoriul safuZvels ki warmoadgens

niSnis cneba. semiotikis zemoT dasaxelebuli sami aspeqtis mimarTeba

niSnisadmi da saerTod enisadmi, Semdegnairad SeiZleba ganisazRvros:

sintaqtika gamohyofs mimarTebebs enobriv erTeulebs Soris; semantika

adgens enobrivi erTeulebis mimarTebas aRsaniSni obieqtis mimarT;

pragmatika ki ixilavs enobriv erTeulebs maT mimarTebaSi im pirTan an

pirebTan, romlebic am erTeulebs iyeneben komunikaciis procesSi.

enobrivi niSnis am sami ganzomilebidan teqstis SemTxvevaSi

ganmsazRvreli roli pragmatikul ganzomilebas unda miekuTvnos

(lebaniZe g, 78). gaurkvevlobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, minda

davasabuTo, Tu ratom unda miekuTvnos ganmsazRvreli roli teqstis

SemTxvevaSi pragmatikul ganzomilebas.

Tanamedrove lingvistikis mixedviT, enas safuZvlad ori

ZiriTadi momenti udevs:

1. ena aris niSanTa sistema;

2. mas aqvs doneebrivi struqtura.

iyo dro, roca niSnad iTvleboda mxolod sityva (magaliTad

sosiurTan); Semdeg moxda niSnis cnebis "eqspansia" da niSnad miCneul

iqna winadadeba. sityva iqna miCneuli arasrul, xolo winadadeba,

srul niSnad. Semdeg sruli niSani aRmoCnda teqsti. semiotikuri

5 lingvistika miiltvoda da dResac miiltvis imisken, rom Tavisi

ganxilvisa da kvlevis umTavres obieqtad aqcios WeSmaritad sruli

niSani; dRes ki aseTad iTvleba teqsti.

“rodesac diplomati ambobs “diax”, is gulisxmobs “SeiZleba”-s;

rodesac is ambobs “SeiZleba”, gulisxmobs “ara”-s;

rodesac is ambobs “ara”, is ar aris diplomati.

rodesac qalbatoni ambobs “ara”, is gulisxmobs “SeiZleba”-s;

rodesac is ambobs “SeiZleba”, gulisxmobs “diax”-s;

rodesac is ambobs “diax”, is ar aris qalbatoni”. (volteri,

citirebuli; espanurad, eskandelSi, 1993 – Voltaire, Quoted in Spanish, in

Escandell, 1993) (www.pragmatics.com, 94.)

am striqonebSi ufro metia Cadebuli, vidre imaSi, rasac viRac

literaturulad gadmogvcems, anu imaze meti igulisxmeba, vidre

sityvebis mniSvnelobebia. sityvebis: “diax’, “SeiZleba”, “ara”,

mniSvnelobebi inglisuri enis mcodne yvela adamianma icis

(arakompetenturebis CaTvliT). SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva garemoebebSi,

sxvadasxva tipis mosaubreTaTvis es sityvebi sxvadasxva rames

niSnavdes. rogoraa es SesaZlebeli? – ismis kiTxva. ra urTierTobaa

sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris? ras gulisxmoben mosaubreebi, rodesac

am sityvebs warmoTqvamen? risi gadmocema undaT maT? ra miznebi

amoZravebT? es is kiTxvebia, romlebze pasuxis gacemasac pragmatika

cdilobs.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom me-20 saukunis Sua wlebidan moyolebuli

enobrivi sistemis problematikis mkvlevarni gansakuTrebiT iyvnen

dainteresebulni im sakiTxebiT, romlebic ZiriTadad enis struqturas

exeboda, e. i. swavlobdnen sintaqsur mimarTebebs enobriv erTeulebs

6 Soris. Semdeg, enobrivi sistemis sxva aspeqtebis Seswavlis mizniT,

daiwyo enobrivi erTeulebis mimarTebis dadgena aRsaniSni obieqtis

mimarT, rac semantikis sakvlevi obieqti iyo. 70-iani wlebidan

enaTmecnierTa interesma gadainacvla enobrivi funqcionirebis

Seswavlaze da bunebrivia, moiZebna enobrivi sistemis am aspeqtisaTvis

Sesaferisi saxelic _ pragmatika. C. morisis mier enaTmecnierebaSi

Semotanili termini "pragmatika", semiotikis or danarCen ZiriTad

komponentTan __ "semantikasa" da "sintaqtikasTan" erTad mtkiced

damkvidrda enaTmecnierebaSi.

sxvadasxva moazrovneebi, mecnierebi Tu filosofosebi

pragmatikas sxvadasxvanairad gansazRvravdnen. minda, maTi

gansazRvrebebi CavrTo Cems naSromSi:

1. morisi (1938) – pragmatika Seiswavlis urTierTobas

enobriv niSnebsa da maT gamomyeneblebs

(intermpretireblebs) Soris. pragmatikis saSualebiT

ganisazRvreba enobrivi niSnebisa da maTi

intermpretireblebis mecniereba. enobriv niSanTagan

yvelas Tu ara, umetesobas mainc maTi

intermpretireblebis msgavsad saarsebo organizmebi

gaaCniaT. savsebiT sworad davaxasiaTebT pragmatikas, Tu

vityviT, rom is Seiswavlis semiozisis biotur aspeqtebs.

enobriv niSanTa funqcionirebisas yvela biologiuri,

fsiqologiuri da sociologiuri movlena iCens Tavs.

2. karnapi (1942) – Tu kvlevisas, metyveli subieqtis anu

adresantis mimarT eqsplicituri referencia Seiqmna,

maSin saqme gvaqvs pragmatikasTan. Tu metyvel subieqts

movwydebiT da mxolod gamonaTqvamebsa da maT

aRsaniSnebs ganvixilavT, saqme gveqneba semantikasTan.

xolo Tu aRsaniSnebsac movwydebiT da mxolod

gamonaTqvamebs Soris urTierTobas ganvixilavT, maSin

ukve saqme gvaqvs sintaqtikasTan.

7

3. bar-hileli (1954) – mjera, rom indeqsuri enebis kvleva

da maTi sistemebis Seqmna, Tanamedrove logikosebis

kvlevis sagans warmoadgens. amasTanave, SemiZlia

davamato, rom indeqsuri enebis kvleva “deskriptiuli

pragmatikis” Seswavlis sagania, xolo indeqsur enaTa

sistemebis ageba ki – “wminda wylis pragmatikis”.

4. stolmeikeri (1970) – sintaqsi swavlobs winadadebebs,

semantika swavlobs propoziciebs, pragmatika ki

swavlobs lingvistur aqtebs da im konteqstebs,

romlebSic es aqtebi warmoiqmnebian. pragmatikis

farglebSi ori mTavari problema unda gadaiWras: 1)

ganisazRvros sametyvelo aqtTa da sametyvelo

produqtTa saintereso tipebi. 2) daxasiaTdes im

sametyvelo konteqstis Tvisebebi, romlebic daxmarebas

uweven imis gansazRvras, Tu romeli propozicia

igulisxmeba mocemuli winadadebiT. semantikis problemas

warmoadgens, daadginos wesebi, rogor aigos

winadadebebi im propoziciebTan erTad rasac es

winadadebebi gamoxataven. umetes SemTxvevaSi, es wesebi

winadadebebsa da propoziciebs pirdapir ver usadagebs

erTmaneTs, isini erTmaneTs im konteqstiT esadagebian,

romlebSic winadadebebi gamoiyeneba. swored es

konteqsturi Tvisebebi warmoadgens pragmatikis

ganxilvis sagans.

5. devisi (1991) – pragmatika Seiswavlis metyveli subieqtis

anu adresantis komunikaciur intencias, msmeneli

subieqtis anu adresatis strategiebs, romelTa

meSveobiTac igi igebs, Tu ras warmoadgenen es

intenciebi da aqtebi da SeuZlia, gaigos Tu risi Tqma

unda metyvel subieqts. (www.pragmatics.com, 94.)

8

yvela moazrovnisa Tu mecnieris azri pragmatikis Taobaze rom

gavaerTianoT, sabolood miviRebT erT azrs, rom pragmatika aris

niSanTa kerZo, enobrivi sistemebis Semswavleli mecnierebis _

semiotikis dargi, romlis mizania enasa da enis gamomyeneblebs Soris

arsebuli damokidebulebis gamokvleva. enis pragmatikuli kvlevisas

mxedvelobaSi miiReba enobrivi situaciis arsebobis 3 ZiriTadi

faqtori:

1. is vinc sargeblobs eniT. 2. werilobiTi, bgeriTi an sxva formiT

ganxorcielebadi enobrivi gamosaxulebebi.

3. is, rasac gulisxmobs enis gamomyenebeli,

rodesac gamoiyenebs enobriv gamosaxulebas

(enis Sinaarsi).

pragmatikisgan gansxvavebiT semiotikis sxva dargebSi Seiswavleba

an enis formaluri nawili - enobriv gamosaxulebaTa struqturuli

Taviseburebani (sintaqsi), an enis interpretacia – damokidebuleba

enobriv gamosaxulebebsa da enis Sinaarss Soris (semantika).

pragmatika semiotikis empiriuli dargia, radgan adamianTa mier

enis gamoyenebis Seswavla moiTxovs fsiqologiur, istoriul da sxva

faqtorebis kvlevas. semiotikisa da pragmatikis ZiriTadi principebi

pirvelad C. pirsma Camoayaliba. ( qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, 82.)

XX saukunis Teoriul lingvistikaSi ori aspeqti gamoiyofa:

pirvelia – empiriuli aspeqti, romelic imaSi mdgomareobs, Tu romeli

lingvisturi Sromebi ikavebdnen Teoriuli mimarTulebis mimcemi

Sromebis pozicias. iyo sosiuri, paralelurad amerikeli

struqturalistebi (blumfildi), maTi urTierTgadakveTa. iyo

sxvadasxva mimarTuleba – glosemantika, praRis skola da a. S. meore

aspeqti ki aris am moZraobis Sinagani logika, anu moxda XX saukunis

lingvisturi azrovnebis Teoriuli rekonstruqcia. yoveli

9 rekonstruqcia gulisxmobs garkveul retrospeqcias. es Teoriuli

rekonstruqcia gamoiyureba Semdegnairad: Tanamedrove lingvistikis

Teoriul safuZvels warmoadgens niSnis cneba, e. i. XX saukunis

lingvistika. niSnisa cneba ki Tu Cven Teoriuli rekonstruqciis gzas

davadgebiT, gulisxmobs niSnis struqturis ormag aRnagobas – mis

moculobas horizontalur da vertikalur WrilebSi. horizontalur

WrilSi yoveli niSani, ierarqiis romel donezec ar unda imyofebodes

igi (es iqneba sityva, Tu winadadeba, Tu TviT teqsti), xasiaTdeba im

sami ganzomilebiT, romlebsac semiotikis rogorc erTiani moZRvrebis

mixedviT ewodeba sintaqtika, semantika da pragmatika. roca vambobT,

rom Tanamedrove lingvistikas safuZvlad udevs niSnis cneba, es ar

niSnavs imas, rom f. sosiurma SeimuSava es sami ganzomileba, isini

pirvelad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, amerikelma filosofosma pirsma

wamoayena. Tavdapirvelad es sami ganzomileba lingvistikis farglebs

gareT Camoyalibda. Teoriuli rekonstruqcia ki gulisxmobs imas, rom

is rac Semdgom gamovlinda, mocemuli iyo ukve Teoriuli ganviTarebis

saTaveebSi. pirveli etapi iyo sintaqtikuri azrovneba, mas mohyva

semantikuri, xolo Semdgom pragmatikuli etapebi. Tanamedrove

komunikaciur lingvistikaSi pirvel planzea pragmatikuli kvleva. es

iyo niSnis modeliT reprezentirebuli lingvisturi azris moZraobis

horizontaluri ganzomileba.

meorea vertikaluri ganzomileba. vertikalur WrilSi Cven gvaqvs

ukve niSanTa ierarqiuli tipologia. am tipologias warmoSobs srul

da arasrul niSanTa urTierTdapirispireba da urTierTkavSiri.

swored es dapirispireba da urTierTkavSiria is, rac qmnis enis

doneebis mixedviT organizacias, enis doneebriv struqturas. enis

romeli donis ZiriTadi erTeuli CaiTvleba srul da romeli –

arasrul niSnad, es mudam damokidebulia lingvisturi azrovnebis

ganviTarebis garkveul etapze. iyo dro, roca niSnad iTvleboda

mxolod sityva (magaliTad sosiurTan), Semdeg moxda niSnis cnebis

“eqspansia” da niSnad miCneul iqna winadadeba. aq moxda dapirispireba:

sityva iqna miCneuli arasrul, xolo winadadeba – srul niSnad.

yoveli arasruli niSani aRebul iqna sruli niSnis integrantad.

10 Semdeg sruli niSani aRmoCnda teqsti, magram darCa niSanTa

ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebis idea. semiotikuri lingvistika

miiltvoda da dResac miiltvis imisken, rom Tavisi ganxilvisa da

kvlevis umTavres obieqtad aqcios WeSmaritad sruli niSani. laparaki

iyo sintaqsis ( e. i. winadadebis centralurobaze), dRes ki aseTad

iTvleba teqsti. rogorc horizontalur WrilSi antinomiebis

warmomSob saboloo etapad gvevlineba pragmatika, vertikalurSi

aseTad gvevlineba teqsti.

XX saukunis lingvistikis dinamikis Teoriuli rekonstruqcia

moxda. am dinamikis safuZvels warmoadgenda enis semiotikuri gageba

(ena aris niSanTa sistema), niSnis cneba da modeli. es dinamika ori

mimarTulebiT iSleboda: erTi mxriv, es iyo moZraoba sintaqtikidan

pragmatikisaken, xolo meores mxriv – niSnis arasruli tipidan iseTi

sruli tipisaken, rogoricaa hipoTeturad teqsti.

es iyo Sesavali im faqtisa, Tu rogor viTardeboda me-20

saukunis lingvistika da ra cvlilebebi ganicada man. axla ki, rac

Seexeba sakuTriv kategoriebs.

enobrivi sistemis yvela kategoria miekuTvneba zemoT

CamoTvlili sami ganzomilebidan romelimes. yoveli kategoria Tavisi

Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT Sinaganad iqmneba, konstituirdeba ori

realobis urTierTgadakveTis Sedegad; es ori realoba, erTis mxriv

komunikaciis aqtia, xolo meores mxriv, enobrivi niSnis saTanado

ganzomileba. romeli kategoriac ar unda aviRoT, misi dRevandeli

gageba (komunikaciur-lingvisturi gageba) aucileblad gulisxmobs am

ori realobis urTierTgadakveTas, maT sinTezs.

roca Tavis droze Seiqmna niSnis samganzomilebiani modeli,

pragmatika ganisazRvra, rogorc mimarTeba enobriv niSansa da im

subieqts Soris, romelic iyenebs am enobriv niSans. magram pragmatikis

aseTi gansazRvra moxda maSin, roca, ra Tqma unda, ar arsebobda

komunikaciis is gageba, romelic arsebobs dRes da, romelic

safuZvlad udevs komunikaciur lingvistikas. komunikaciis cneba

komunikaciuri lingvistikis warmoSobamde gaigeboda, rogorc enobrivi

sistemis aqtualizacia. am gagebiT, metyvel subieqts aqvs garkveuli

11 kodi, igive kodi gaaCnia koleqtivis sxva wevrebs da am kods metyveli

subieqti iyenebs imisTvis, rom raRac acnobos meore subieqts. es

igivea, rac enobrivi sistemis aqtualizacia. am dros Cndeba niSanTa

garkveuli Tanmimdevroba; maT Soris myardeba garkveuli

urTierTkavSiri __ sintaqtika, semantika, magram aris kidev mimarTeba

subieqtsa da mis mier gamoyenebul niSnebs Soris __ pragmatika. Tu

Tavidan iyo kavSiri subieqtsa da niSnebs Soris, dRes, minimum ori

subieqti gvyavs; e. i. gvaqvs ara marto subieqturoba, aramed

intersubieqturoba. garda amisa, gvaqvs ara marto mimarTeba or

subieqts Soris, romelic aisaxeba gamonaTqvamSi, aramed aris mimarTeba

metyvel subieqtsa da asaxul situacias Soris, aseve msmenel subieqtsa

da asaxul situacias Soris.

imisaTvis, rom gavigoT pragmatika da misi calkeuli kategoriebi,

saWiroa ori piroba:

1. gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu niSnis romel ganzomilebas ekuTvnis es

kategoria.

2. rogor unda gavigoT enobrivi subieqti da saerTod,

subieqturobis cneba TviT komunikaciurobis farglebSi.

rodesac laparakia subieqtze komunikaciis aqtis Tanamedrove

modelis TvalsazrisiT, maSin mxedvelobaSi misaRebi subieqturobis

sami aucilebeli momentia:

1. komunikaciis yoveli aqti gulisxmobs metyvel subieqts anu

adresants. es imas niSnavs, rom pragmatikis farglebSi unda

gvqondes kategoriaTa sistema, romlebic asaxaven swored

adresantis mTel pozicias komunikaciur aqtSi.

2. unda gvqondes kategoriaTa iseTi sistema, romelic

dakavSirebuli iqneba msmenel subieqtTan anu adresatTan.

12

3. komunikaciis yovel aqtSi gvaqvs ara marto ori subieqti,

aramed urTierTmimarTeba maT Soris, anu intersubieqturoba.

dReisaTvis pragmatikul kategoriaTa is sistema, romelic

ukavSirdeba metyvel subieqts, bevrad ufro ganviTarebulia, vidre

danarCeni ori qvesistemis kategoria, magram komunikaciuri

lingvistikis TvalsazrisiT aranakleb mniSvnelovania subieqturobis

ori danarCeni faqtoris gaTvaliswineba. (lebaniZe g., 78.)

jer minda, CamovTvalo calke pragmatikuli kategoriebi,

romlebic ukavSirdebian da asaxaven metyveli subieqtis rols da

adgils sakomunikacio aqtSi da pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic

ukavSirdebian da asaxaven msmeneli subieqtis rols da adgils

sakomunikacio aqtSi, xolo Semdeg ganvmarto TiToeuli maTgani da

bolos, ganvixilo isini Cems mier arCeul mxatvruli da aramxatvruli

teqstebis mixedviT.

metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian Semdegi pragmatikuli

kategoriebi:

lokaciis kategoria

modalobis kategoria

Sefasebis kategoria

emociurobis kategoria

distanturobis kategoria

msmenel subieqts ki ukavSirdeba sami pragmatikuli kategoria:

13

informaciulobis kategoria

eqspresiulobis kategoria

gamWvirvalobis kategoria.

axla ki rac Seexeba kategoriaTa konkretul Sinaarss, daviwyoT

lokaciis kategoriiT. benvenisti iyo pirveli, romelmac xazi gausva

rogorc sametyvelo aqtis egocentrulobas, ise mis

intersubieqturobas da zogadad subieqtis xasiaTs. manve pirvelad

gausva xazi im faqts, rom yoveli gamonaTqvamis Sinaarsi

damokidebulia ara marto masSi uSualod asaxul realobaze

(referentuli situacia), aramed agreTve imazec, Tu rodis, sad da vis

mier aris producirebuli es gamonaTqvami. es sami Sinaarsobrivi

koordinati, romlebic, garda asaxuli referentuli situaciisa,

gansazRvraven gamonaTqvamis Sinaarss, ukve arsebobs benvenistis

koncefciaSi. Semdeg i. stepanovma terminologiurad gaaforma

benvenistis mier gamoyofili es sami koordinati: drouli,

sivrcobrivi, subieqturi da koordinatTa am sistemas lokacia uwoda.

lokaciis formulaa: “me, aq, axla”, e. i. lokaciis kategorias

aqvs sami aspeqti: personaluri, sakuTriv lokaluri da temporaluri.

lokaciis kategoria axali kategoriaa da misi Camoyalibeba emTxveva

pragmatikis Camoyalibebas. rac Seexeba sxva kategoriebs, xdeba ukve

arsebul kategoriaTa gadaazreba da maTTvis pragmatikulobis

statusis miniWeba.

modalobis kategoria didi xania cnobilia. mudam erTmaneTisgan

ganasxvavebdnen subieqtur da obieqtur modalobas. obieqturi

modaloba – esaa gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli situaciis damokidebuleba

realobasTan, subieqturi modaloba ki asaxavs metyveli subieqtis

damokidebulebas gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT.

is, rac Sefasebis kategoriiT aRiniSneboda, miCneuli iyo

enobrivi niSnis, mag: sityvis konotatiur komponentad. Sefasebis

kategoria eyrdnoboda imas, rom yoveli gamonaTqvami da pirvel rigSi,

14 am gamonaTqvamis leqsikuri elementebi mudam Seicaven ara marto

realobis ubralo nominacias, aramed mis Sefasebasac, xolo es

Sefaseba saboloo jamSi mudam gulisxmobs kargisa da cudis

opozicias. rogoric ar unda iyos sityvis SefasebiTi Sinaarsis

sirTule, igi mudam daiyvaneba am opoziciaze. laparakoben SefasebiT

semaze, magram arsebobs azri, rom aseT elementebs ewodos pragmemac,

radgan es opozicia pragmatikuli xasiaTisaa da asaxavs metyveli

subieqtis aqseologiur damokidebulebas realobisadmi. roca

laparakia Sefasebis kategoriaze, aris mudam problema emociurobis

kategoriasTan misi aRrevisa. es ori kategoria Zalian axlosaa

erTmaneTTan.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Sefasebis kategoria Tanamedrove

lingvistikaSi metad Tu naklebadaa gaanalizebuli swored

pragmatikuli TvalTaxedviT. misi Seswavla tradiciul lingvistikaSi

ufro xdeboda, magram imdenad, ramdenadac emociebi ganyenebulad ar

arsebobs, aramed subieqts axlavs, esec pragmatikuli kategoriaa.

iseTi egocentruli kategoria, rogoricaa distanturoba, asaxavs

metyveli subieqtis dainteresebulobas gamonaTqvamis SinaarsiT, imas

Tu ramdenadaa igi piradad CarTuli gamonaTqvamSi. distanturobis

done damokidebulia ara marto gamonaTqvamis Sinaarsze, aramed imazec,

romel funqciur stils ekuTvnis igi. mag: mecnierul statiaSi es

faqtori ufro naklebadaa gamovlenili, vidre mxatvrulSi.

Ees rac Seexeboda adresantze orientirebul pragmatikul

kategoriebs, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT arsebobs adresatze

orientirebuli kategoriebic, romlebic asaxaven adresats, mis

poziciasa da gavlenas gamonaTqvamze. unda iTqvas isic, rom

pragmatikul kategoriaTa pirveli qvesistema bevrad ukeTesadaa

Seswavlili, vidre meore, vinaidan pragmatika tradiciulad

gulisxmobda mxolod subieqts, laparakobda sametyvelo aqtis

egocentrizmze. magram imdenad, ramdenadac es meore qvesistemac ase Tu

ise Seswavlilia, ganvmartoT isinic. kategoriaTa am qvesistemas

safuZvlad udevs adresantis daintereseba imaSi, rom adresatma mas

adekvaturad gaugos. adresantma unda gaiTvaliswinos adresati – es

15 sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturobis safuZvelia. efeqturobis misaRwevad

araa sakmarisi, rom teqsti Seicavdes lokacias, modalobas, Sefasebas

da a. S. teqsti garkveuli TvalsazrisiT unda iyos informaciuli,

eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale.

informaciulobis kategoriis Sinaarsi, komunikaciuri

lingvistikis ganviTarebis dRevandel etapze mTlianad ivseba da

ifareba im fenomeniT, romelsac tradiciulad winadadebis aqtualuri

danawevrebis fenomeni ewodeba. is, Tu rogor xdeba am tradiciuli

cnebis pragmatizacia (misTvis pragmatikuli kategoriis statusis

miniWeba), SeiZleba gamodges imis zogad nimuSad, Tu rogor iTvisebs

Tanamedrove lingvisturi pragmatika tradiciul kategoriebs, anu

rogor xdeba tradiciuli cnebebis transpozicia pragmatikis sferoSi.

am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad gasaTvaliswinebelia ori momenti:

1) ras niSnavs “winadadebis aqtualuri danawevrebis”

cneba? yoveli winadadeba xasiaTdeba binaruli –

subieqt-predikatuli struqturiT. subieqti aris is,

razec raRac iTqmis, an rasac raime miewereba; xolo

predikati aris is, rac iTqmis subieqtze an miewereba

mas. e. i. subieqti aris is, rac cnobilia. TviT

subieqtisa da predikatis cneba Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs

garkveul informaciulobas. ufro zustad, winadadebis

binaruli struqtura garkveul funqcias asrulebs da

es funqcia ukve gulisxmobs informaciulobas.

2) meore momenti aranakleb mniSvnelovania. yoveli

pragmatikuli kategoria mudam miuTiTebs subieqtis an

subieqtTa rolze da am rolis gavlenaze ara

winadadebis da miTumetes ara calkeuli sityvis, aramed

mTliani teqstis farglebSi; e. i. yoveli kategoria

Sinaganad dakavSirebulia teqstTan im mizeziT, rom

komunikacia xdeba ara winadadebis, miTumetes ara

16

calkeuli sityvis, aramed teqstis saSualebiT, teqstis

farglebSi.

axla gadavideT gamWvirvalobis kategoriaze. TviT am kategoriis

arseboba da Sinaarsic ganpirobebulia adresatiT. termini

“gamWvirvaloba” aRebulia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da metaforuli

xmarebis Sedegad mas miniWebuli aqvs mecnieruli mniSvneloba. teqstis

gamWvirvaloba gulisxmobs imas, rom adresantis naTqvami gasagebia

adresatisTvis. gamWvirvalobis antonimi iqneba gaumWvirvaloba, rac

arakomunikaciurobis niSania. igi aris samyaros gansxvavebuli xedvis

asaxva. gaumWvirvaloba aris iq, sadac aris subieqtTa martosuloba.

gamWvirvalobas gansazRvravs Semdegi faqtorebi:

1. teqstSi asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi unda

iyos orive monawilesaTvis. am pirobis gareSe

gamWvirvaloba ver iqneba. saerTo unda iyos agreTve

TviT is sagnobriv-situaciuri sfero, romlis

monakveTsac warmoadgens es referentuli situacia.

2. komunikaciuri situacia (vin, vis, rodis, sad eubneba)

unda iyos identuri komunikaciis orive monawilesaTvis.

3. komunikantTa Tezaurusebi _ maTi fonuri codna, Tu

samyaros xati an unda emTxveodes erTmaneTs an maT

Soris ar unda iyos principuli gansxvaveba. adresantis

mier teqstSi gamoyenebul sityvebs da maT Sexamebebs ar

unda hqondeT iseTi mniSvneloba, romelic principulad

gansxvavebulia im mniSvnelobebisagan, romelsac mas

adresati aniWebs.

gamWvirvalobas, rogorc zogadi, ise situaciuri faqtorebi

ganapirobeben – faqtorebi, romlebic komunikantTa mTeli cxovrebidan

da pirovnulidan gamomdinareoben da faqtorebi, romlebsac

17 konkretuli situaciebi gansazRvraven. gamWvirvalobis kategoria

uSualod miemarTeba iseT zogadkomunikaciur kategorias, rogoricaa

komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategoria.

pragmatikul kategoriaTa meore qvesistemis Semdegi kategoriaa

eqspesiulobis kategoria. am kategoriis mizania adresatze zemoqmedeba.

is mudam ori funqciuri momentis Serwymis Sedegia:

1) adresantis komunikaciuri intencia (ra zemoqmedeba surs

mas, moaxdinos adresatze).

2) adresantis mier samyaros im xatis gaTvaliswineba,

romelic damaxasiaTebelia adresatisaTvis.

Tu adresanti gamoxatavs raimesadmi Tavis subieqtur

damokidebulebas da am damokidebulebis gamoxatva komunikaciuri

TvalsazrisiT efeqturia, xolo efeqturia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is

Cafiqrebul zegavlenas axdens, maSin es komunikaciuri efeqturoba

emyareba ara marto mis komunikaciur intencias, aramed mis mier

samyaros im xatis adekvaturad gaTvaliswinebasac, romelic

damaxasiaTebelia adresatisaTvis. (lebaniZe g., 78).

es, rac Seexeboda pragmatikuli kategoriebis Sinaarss.

vinaidan da radganac Cems sadisertacio SromaSi pragmatikuli

kategoriebis sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis mixedviT ganxilvas vapireb,

saWirod mimaCnia, zogadad teqstTa Janrebad klasificireba movaxdino.

minda Semovitano terminebi: Janri, registri, teqstis tipi.

teqstTa Janrebad klasificireba yvela tipis lingvisturi da

pedagogiuri kvlevisTvis aris mniSvnelovani. ismis kiTxva: ratom unda

moxdes teqstTa Janrebad klasificireba? am SekiTxvis mokle pasuxia

is, rom nebismieri enis maswavleblebma da mkvlevarebma zustad unda

icodnen, ra tipis enas aswavlian an ikvleven. ufro metic, metyvel

subieqtTa anu adresantTa umravlesobas survili aqvs, saqme qondes

erT specifikur JanrTan an sxvadasxva JanrebTan; ase rom maT, maT

18 mierve Catarebuli nebismieri ganzogadebaTa sferos gansazRvra

SeuZliaT.

devid lis azriT, “Janri” aris teqstis kategorizaciis done,

romelTan muSaobac Teoriulad da pedagogiurad yvelaze saWiro da

praqtikulia, aseve mniSvnelovania mecnierebis dargebad

klasifikaciac“ . ( classification by domain is important as well ).

baiberis azriT, Janrsa da teqstis tips Soris gansxvaveba isaa,

rom Janri garegan, ara lingvistur “tradiciul“ kriteriumzea

dafuZnebuli, maSin rodesac teqstis tipi TviTon teqstTa Sida

lingvistur maxasiaTeblebs efuZneba.

aseTi midgomis mixedviT, Janri ganisazRvreba rogorc kategoria,

romelic iseT garegan, aralingvistur kriteriumis bazazea

dafuZnebuli, rogoradac SeiZleba CaiTvalos magaliTad auditoria,

mizezi da moqmedebis tipi. es exeba konvencionalur, kulturulad

cnobil teqstTa dajgufebas, rac xarisxze ufroa dafuZnebuli, vidre

leqsikur da gramatikul Tvisebebze. es ukanasknelni Sida lingvistur

kriteriums efuZnebian da teqstis tipis kategoriis bazas qmnian.

“Janris” kategoriebi garegani anu aralingvisturi kriteriumis

bazaze ganisazRvreba, rac metyveli subieqtis anu adresantis mizansa

da Temas ukavSirdeba. isini gamoyenebaze ufro arian dafuZnebulni,

vidre formaze”. (http:/llt.msu.edu/vol5num3/lee/Language Learning

Technology/September 2001, vol 5, num. 3. pp 37-72, 86.)

Janrsa da teqstis tips Soris gansxvavebis kargad dasanaxad

mTavaria imis kargad gageba, ras niSnavs es ori gansxvavebuli midgoma

teqstTa klasifikaciasTan Tavad teqstebisTvis da maTi

kategorizaciisTvis.

TeoriaSi ori teqsti SeiZleba erTsa da imave teqstis tips

miekuTvnebodes miuxedavad imisa, rom isini SesaZloa or sxvadasxva

Janrisani iyvnen. ase imitom SeiZleba moxdes, rom maT msgavsi

lingvisturi Tvisebebi gaaCniaT. (mag: biografiebi da romanebi msgavsia

iseTi lingvisturi TvisebebiT, rogoricaa: warsuli dro, mesame pirSi

Txroba) .

19

baiberisve azriT: “JanrTa saxesxvaobebi inglisuri teqstis

tipebs adekvaturad ar warmoadgenen... lingvisturad gansxvavebuli

teqstebi Janris farglebSi gansxvavebul teqstTa tipebs

warmogvidgenen. sxvadasxva Janris lingvisturad msgavsi teqstebi ki

erTi teqstis tips warmogvidgenen”.

es rac Seexeboda gansxvavebas Janrsa da teqstis tips Soris,

axla ki minda, erTmaneTisgan Janri da registri ganvasxvavo.

ori yvelaze problematuri termini Janri da registri SeiZleba

ganixilebodes, rogorc ori erTmaneTisgan arsebiTad gansxvavebuli

xedva erTsa da imave sakiTxze. rogorc enas SeiZleba ganixilavdnen

erTdroulad formis, funqciis, mniSvnelobis mixedviT, registri da

Janri erTsa da imave sakiTxze or erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebul

Sexedulebas warmoadgenen.

registri gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac adamiani – metyveli subieqti

– adresanti enas, rogorc teqsts ise uyurebs; ise uyurebs, rogorc

enis sayovelTaod miRebul konvencirebul funqciuri konfiguraciis

nimuSs, rac konteqsturi gamoyenebis saSualo situaciur

parametrebTan maqsimalurad funqcionalurad aris Sewyobili.

termini “registri” pirvelad lingvistma tomas bertran raidma

1956 wels gamoiyena. Semdeg es termini 1960-ian wlebSi im lingvistTa

jgufma Semoitana, romlebsac surdaT, erTmaneTisgan ganesxvavebinaT

variantebi enaSi metyveli subieqtis anu adresantis mixedviT

(romlebic socialuri foniT (background), geografiiT, sqesiTa da

asakiT ganisazRvrebian ) da variantebi enaSi gamoyenebis mixedviT, im

gagebiT rom TiToeul adresants enis variantTa didi raodenoba

gaaCnia da maT Soris arCevanis gakeTebac SeuZlia ( Halliday et al, 20.)

aqcenti enis gansakuTrebul situaciebSi gamoyenebazea; mag: biologiis

ena sxvaa, axali ambebis gadmocemis ena – sxva, saZinebelSi

gamoyenebuli ena – sxva da a. S.

helidei registris sam maxasiaTebels gamoyofs:

20

sferos ( field ) ( Seicavs saubris mTavar Temas – the subject matter of

discourse ),

tenors ( tenor ) ( Seicavs monawileebsa da maT Soris arsebul

urTierTobas ) ,

moduss ( mode ) ( Seicavs sakomunikacio arxs: zepiri,

werilobiTi).

enis elementTagan yvela an romelime maTgani erTmaneTisgan

registrebis mixedviT gansxvavdebian – leqsika, sintaqsi, fonologia,

morfologia, pragmatikuli wesebi an iseTi gansxvavebuli prosodiuli

Tvisebebi, rogorebicaa: xmis simaRle, intonacia salaparako

inglisurSi. registrebs xSirad iseTi aralingvisturi preskrifciebi

moepovebaT, rogorebicaa, mag, saTanado Cacmis stili, Jestebis ena,

molaparakeTa Soris siaxlove / naTesaoba.

mkvlevarebi adre termin “registrs” xSirad oficialuri da

araoficialuri stilis stenografiad ( shorthand ) iyenebdnen.

zogierT lingvistur saxelmZRvaneloSi registris nacvlad sxva

terminebi SeiZleba Segvxvdes; mag, helideisTan “registris” nacvlad

termin “tenors” SevxvdebiT ( Halliday M. K. A., 21.) umravlesoba termin

“stils” aniWebs upiratesobas; Peter Trudgill aRniSnavs: “oficialurobis

TvalTaxedvidan gamomdinare, Cven stils vaxasiaTebT, rogorc enis

variants, registri ki xasiaTdeba, rogorc akademiuri Jargoni” (

Trudgill P., 38 ) .

Quirk et al (Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Starvik, 34.) Semdegi terminebis:

“stilisa” da “registris” nacvlad termin “damokidebulebas” (attitude)

aniWebs upiratesobas. es diagramac mis miervea Sedgenili:

Very formal, Frozen, Rigid Formal Neutral INFORMAL Very informal, Casual,

Familiar

21

erT cnobil modelSi jouzi ( Joos M., 24.) salaparako inglisurSi

xuT stils aRwers:

gayinuli ( frozen ): dabeWdili Seucvleli ena, iseTi

rogoricaa bibliuri citatebi, rac xSirad arqaizmebs

Seicavs.

oficialuri ( formal ): erTmxrivi ( one-way ) monawileobis

miReba, Sewyvetineba dauSvebelia. mniSvnelovania teqnikuri

leqsika; “Fussy semantics” an zusti definiciebi. Seicavs

ucnobTa Soris gacnobasac.

saTaTbiro ( consultative ): ormxrivi monawileobis miReba.

uzrunvelyofilia fonuri ( background ) informaciiT.

miRebulia iseTi ukanaarxiTi ( backchannel ) qcevebi,

rogorebicaa: “uh huh”, “I see”, Sewyvetinebac nebadarTulia.

uSualo (asoc. prof. n. daraselia) /Tamami (prof. l.

goqsaZe) ( casual ): megobarTa da nacnobTa jgufebSi. fonuri

informaciiT araa uzrunvelyofili. elifsi da slengi

miRebulia. Sewyvetinebac miRebulia.

intimuri ( intimate ): ara sazogadoebrivi. sityvebze da

gramatikaze metad intonaciaa mniSvnelovani. gamoyenebulia

piradi leqsika. (http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/register.com, 89.)

Janri gamoiyeneba maSin, roca adamiani – metyveli subieqti

teqsts kulturulad cnobil nimuSad miiCnevs. teqstTa dajgufeba

kulturulad gansazRvruli miznebis mixedviT xdeba.

teqstis Janri SeiZleba gansazRvrul iqnas:

22

1. misi lingvisturi funqciiT.

2. oficialuri StrixebiT ( formal traits ).

3. teqsturi organizaciiT.

4. komunikaciuri situaciisa da teqstis formalur da

organizaciur Strixebs Soris urTierTobiT.

(http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre.com, 90.).

axla minda Sevajamo yovelive zemoT Tqmuli Janrisa da

registris Sesaxeb da am terminTa erTi martivi axsna warmovadgino.

registri aris enis funqcionaluri tipi. igi Seicavs

arasaliteraturo enas, romelsac sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebi

gamoiyeneben. mag, Seicavs wirvis dros mlocvelTa mier gamoyenebul

enas, sportuli komentatorebis mier fexburTis matCis detaluri

aRwerisas gamoyenebul enas, mkvlevarTa mier gamoyenebul enas.

mecnierul registrebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos sxvadasxva Janri: statia,

moxseneba, konferenciis qronika.

Janri ki SeiZleba ganmartebul iqnas, rogorc teqstis tipTa

konfiguracia. igi Seicavs orives – saliteraturo da

arasaliteraturo teqstis variantebs. mag: mokle moTxrobebs,

romanebs, sonetebs, informacionalur moxsenebebs ( gazeTebSi an

JurnalebSi ), teqnikur saxelmZRvaneloebs, SeTavazebebs. moTxrobis

Janri SeiZleba sxvadasxva registrebSi gamovlindes:

sayofacxovreboSi, mxatvrulSi, publikaciurSi.

minda, davamato, rom Cems mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT gansaxilvelad arCeuli teqstebi:

1. iuridiuli teqstebi, Cemi azriT, miekuTvneba Janris

kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria Seicavs

saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs, iuridiuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi ki

23

Seicavs arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs.

registris kategorias iuridiul teqstebs imitom ver

mivakuTvnebdi, rom maTSi gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba

gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis – adresantisTvisac da

adresatisTvisac; adresatisTvis anu msmeneli

subieqtisTvis anu mkiTxvelisTvis SeiZleba bundovani,

gaugebari iyos.

2. umberto ekos “Foucault’s Pendulum” – ic Cemi azriT,

miekuTvneba Janris kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria

Seicavs saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs, umberto ekos SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs

saliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias umberto ekos aRniSnuli nawarmoebis

Targmnil variants imitom ver mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi

gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis –

adresantisTvisac da adresatisTvisac, SeiZleba

bundovani da gaugebari iyos. nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli

ena mxolod adresantisTvis anu metyveli subieqtisTvis

iqneba gasagebi.

3. Carlz dikensis “Great Expectations”, Cemi azriT miekuTvneba

orives – registrisa da Janris kategorias. Carlz

dikensis am nawarmoebs registris kategorias imitom

mivakuTvnebdi, rom nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli ena, Cemi

azriT, gasagebi iqneba da ara bundovani, orivesTvis –

adresantisTvisac da adresatisTvisac. Janris kategorias

ki imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom es kategoria, rogorc ukve

aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo

teqstis saxesxvaobebs, Carlz dikensis SemTxvevaSi ki

Seicavs saliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs.

24

4. sagazeTo statia, Cemi azriT, miekuTvneba orives -

registrisa da Janris kategorias. aRniSnul statias

registris kategorias imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi

gamoyenebuli ena, Cemi azriT, gasagebi iqneba da ara

bundovani orivesTvis – adresantisTvisac da

adresatisTvisac. Janris kategorias ki imitom

mivakuTvnebdi, rom rom es kategoria, rogorc ukve

aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo

teqstis saxesxvaobebs, aRniSnuli sagazeTo statiis

SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs.

5. samecniero statia, kerZod, literaturuli samecniero

statia, anu samecniero statia gakeTebuli literaturis

dargSi, Cemi azriT miekuTvneba orives - registrisa da

Janris kategorias. Janris kategorias, imitom rom es

kategoria rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo

da arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs,

literaturuli samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi ki

Seicavs saliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias Cems mier arCeul literaturul samecniero

statias imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena

Cemi azriT, gasagebi iqneba da ara bundovani, orivesTvis

– adresantisTvisac da adresatisTvisac. istoriuli

samecniero statia, Cemi azriT miekuTvneba Janris

kategorias. Janris kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs, istoriuli

samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias istoriul samecniero statias imitom ver

mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba

gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis – adresantisTvisac da

25

adresatisTvisac, msmeneli subieqtisTvis anu

mkiTxvelisTvis SeiZleba bundovani da gaugebari iyos,

datvirTuli istoriuli qronologiiTa da terminebiT,

rac Cemi azriT, ufro istoriulad ganaTlebul

mkiTxvels moiTxovs. aqedan gamomdinare, statiaSi

gamoyenebuli ena mxolod adresantisTvis anu metyveli

subieqtisTvis iqneba gasagebi. samedicino dargSi

(sferoSi) Seqmnili samecniero statia, Cemi azriT

miekuTvneba Janris kategorias. Janris kategorias, imitom

rom es kategoria rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs

saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs, samedicino dargSi (sferoSi) Seqmnili

samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias samedicino dargSi (sferoSi) Seqmnil

samecniero statias imitom ver mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi

gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis –

adresantisTvisac da adresatisTvisac, msmeneli

subieqtisTvis anu mkiTxvelisTvis SeiZleba bundovani da

gaugebari iyos, datvirTuli mTeli rigi samedicino

terminebiT, rac Cemi azriT, ufro medicinaSi

gaTviTcnobierebul mkiTxvels moiTxovs. aqedan

gamomdinare, statiaSi gamoyenebuli ena mxolod

adresantisTvis anu metyveli subieqtisTvis iqneba

gasagebi.

es, rac Seexeboda zogadad teqstTa Janrebad klasificirebas,

axla gadavideT Cemi sadisertacio naSromis mTavar mizanze,

ganvixiloT isini Cems mier arCeuli sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis

mixedviT.

26

Tavi I

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva iuridiuli

teqstebis mixedviT

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis I TavSi pragmatikul kategoriebs

ganvixilav iuridiuli teqstebis magaliTze. iuridiul teqstebad

aRebuli maqvs saqarTvelos konstituciis inglisuri versia da

saqarTvelos kanoni eleqtroenergiisa da gazis Sesaxeb, aseve

inglisuri versia.

Tavdapirvelad minda ganvixilo saqarTvelos konstitucia, xolo

Semdeg Sevadaro igi saqarTvelos kanons eleqtroenergiisa da gazis

Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos konstitucia Sedgeba cxra Tavisagan da 109

muxlisagan; TiToeuli muxli Sedgeba punqtebisagan zogierTi punqti

ki qvepunqtebisagan, magaliTad 54-e muxlis me-2 punqti, 65-e muxlis me-2

punqti, 73-e muxlis pirveli punqti, 75-e muxlis me-2 punqti, 89-e muxlis

pirveli punqti da 102-e muxlis pirveli punqti.

saqarTvelos konstituciis TiToeul Tavs Tavisi saTauri aqvs.

aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTlian teqstSi gvaqvs erTi

mTavari Tema ___ saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kanoni da qveTemebi,

romlebic am mTavar Temas ukavSirdebian. e. i. gvaqvs Tematuri

urTierTkavSiri.

cnobilia, rom saerTod teqstis lingvisturi cneba Sinaganad

orazrovania da es orazrovneba gamomdinareobs teqstis lingvisturi

gansazRvris funqciuri da struqturuli kriteriumebis gansxvavebidan.

Tu teqsts (am SemTxvevaSi iuridiul teqsts) wminda funqciuri

TvalsazrisiT gavigebT, maSin teqstad SeiZleba CavTvaloT

konstituciis erTi romelime muxlis erTi romelime winadadeba,

imdenad ramdenadac masSi asaxulia komunikaciuri lingvistikisTvis

relevanturi komunikaciis cneba; e. i. Tu gamonaTqvamSi asaxulia

rogorc sakuTriv lingvisturi, ise eqstralingvisturi situacia

27 (rogorc referentuli, ise komunikaciuri), maSin SeiZleba CaiTvalos,

rom swored gamonaTqvami warmoadgens komunikaciis produqts, romelic

SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc teqstis warmomqmneli, anu

teqstobrivi qmedeba; e. i. gveqneba erTi calkeuli gamonaTqvami, Tu

gamonaTqvamTa Tanmimdevroba, anu aisaxeba Sesabamisi referentuli

situacia erT gamonaTqvamSi Tu gamonaTqvamTa TanmimdevrobaSi, amas

wminda funqciuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvneloba ara aqvs: teqsti SeiZleba

daemTxves gamonaTqvams da gamonaTqvami __ teqsts. teqsti SeiZleba

poulobdes realizacias, Tundac erTi winadadebis saxiT __ Tundac

am erT winadadebas hqondes minimaluri __ erTi sityvis __ moculoba.

mag: wminda funqciuri TvalsazrisiT, roca vaxsenebT sityva

"konstitucias" __ rac aris saxelmwifos ZiriTadi kanoni, romc ar

wavikiTxoT igi, ubralod sityvis mixedviT Cven mivxvdebiT da

warmodgena gveqneba imaze, Tu ras gulisxmobs es sityva. daviwyebas ar

unda mieces is faqti, rom TviT arakomunikaciur lingvistikaSic

winadadeba SeiZleba warmodgenili yofiliyo sityviT da es xels ar

SeuSlida imas rom sityva aRqmuli da gagebuli yofiliyo, rogorc

winadadeba. zustad aseve, teqstic SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos

winadadebiT, winadadeba ki Sedgebodes erTi sityvisgan. Tu am

msjelobas logikur dasasrulamde miviyvanT, maSin aramc Tu sityva,

aramed iseTi sametyvelo movlenac, rogoricaa pauza da iseTi

semiotikuri fenomenic ki rogoricaa Jesti, SeiZleba miviCnioT

teqstad, Tuki isini komunikaciur funqcias asruleben. funqciur

Tvalsazriss upirispirdeba struqturuli Tvalsazrisi. es gageba

ufro realisturia. marTalia teqsti SeiZleba Sedgebodes erTi

winadadebisagan, magram umravles SemTxvevaSi, igi Sedgeba erTze meti

winadadebisagan. magram Tu Cven vlaparakobT teqstze, rogorc

winadadebaTa Tanmimdevrobaze, amiT garkveul ganusazRvrelobas

vaniWebT teqstis lingvistur cnebas. teqstad, lingvisturi

TvalsazrisiT, unda CaiTvalos Tematurad urTierTdakavSirebul

winadadebaTa Tanmimdevroba. is, rac winadadebaTa Tanmimdevrobas

aqcevs teqstad, es aris swored Tematuri urTierTkavSiri anu teqstis

winadadebebSi asaxuli Temis erTianoba. (sergia v. a., 80.)

28

Cems mier gansaxilvelad aRebul am iuridiul teqstSi __

saqarTvelo konstitucia, metyveli subieqti dafarulia, anu igi

pirdapir ar aris gadmocemuli. SesaZlebelia metyvel subieqtad

pirovneba ki ara xelisufleba moisazreba. Txroba mimdinareobs mesame

pirSi. aqcenti msmenel subieqtzea. marTalia adresanti ar Cans,

dafarulia magram mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor gasagebad aris

gadmocemuli saTqmeli, miT umetes, Tu saqme exeba konstitucias.

marTalia iuridiul teqstebs isini ufro kargad gaigeben, vinc

kargad aris gaTviTcnobierebuli iuridiul sferoSi, magram Tu

teqsti gasagebadaa gadmocemuli (me vgulisxmob, Tu Zalian ar aris

datvirTuli mTeli rigi terminebiT), maSin nebismieri mkiTxvelisTvis

gasagebi iqneba.

Tanamedrove lingvisturi moZraobis romeli mxarec ar unda

aviRoT, orive SemTxvevaSi mivdivarT komunikaciur lingvistikamde __

erT SemTxvevaSi teqstamde, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi __ pragmatikamde.

axla ki minda mivubrunde pragmatikul kategoriaTa sam

qvesistemas da gavixseno:

1. pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic asaxaven adresants da

mis gavlenas sametyvelo aqtsa da gamonaTqvamze. es

kategoriebi egocentristuli xasiaTisaa. (adresanti Tavis

Tavze ambobs "me"-s [ego]. igi komunikaciis momentSi Tavis

sakuTrebad aqcevs mTel enobriv sistemas (benvenisti).

lingvisturi pragmatikis es mosazreba dRes ukve miuReblad

iTvleba imitom, rom adresantis garda aris adresati da misi

roli gamonaTqvamis struqturaSi aranakleb mniSvnelovania.

rogori iqneba gamonaTqvami rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise

formaluri TvalsazrisiT, damokidebulia ara marto metyvel

subieqtze, aramed msmenel subieqtzec: mosmena, aRqma

aranakleb mniSvnelovania, aqtiuria, vidre informaciis

miwodeba.

29

2. pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic pirvel rigSi, asaxaven

adresats da mis zegavlenas, romelsac igi axdens

gamonaTqvamis Sinaarsobriv da komunikaciur struqturaze.

3. pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic atareben sinTezur

xasiaTs.

lingvisturi pragmatika Teoriuli lingvistikis is sferoa,

romelic eqspansias axdens mTel enobriv sistemaze. amitom enobrivi

erTeulebi da kategoriebi, romlebic tradiciulad Seiswavlebodnen

pragmatikasTan yovelgvari kavSiris gareSe, iReben pragmatikul

ganzomilebas; xdeba tradiciul erTeulTa da kategoriaTa

pragmatizacia. pragmatika teqstis lingvistikasTan erTad miCneulia

komunikaciuri lingvistikis konceptualur birTvad. Tu komunikaciur

lingvistikas, ise rogorc yvela mecnierebas, aqvs konceptualuri

birTvi, is rac gamoxatavs am mecnierebis ZiriTad Sinaarss, __ maSin es

birTvi oraspeqtiania: mas pragmatika da teqstis lingvistika Seadgens.

maTi Serwymis uSualo Sedegs warmoadgens is, rom yoveli enobrivi

erTeulis an kategoriis pragmatizacia niSnavs amave dros mis

teqstologizacias. teqstologizacia ki gulisxmobs, rom yoveli

kategoria, romelic teqstis gareSe Seiswavleboda, axla teqstis

farglebSi aRiqmeba. (lebaniZe g., 78.)

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva iuridiuli teqstebis

magaliTebze pirdapir daviwyoT im kategoriebiT, romlebic msmenel

subieqtTan arian dakavSirebuli; Tu ratom, amas qvemoT mogaxsenebT:

vinaidan da radganac, metyveli subieqti aRniSnul iuridiul

teqstSi ar Cans, masTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebic ar iqneba

ganxorcielebuli. saerTod Tanamedrove pragmatika gamohyofs xuT

kategorias, romelic ukavSirdeba da asaxavs metyveli subieqtis rols

da adgils sakomunikacio aqtSi. iuridiul teqstebSi ki, minda vTqva,

rom mTavaria msmeneli subieqti rogor aRiqvams teqsts. aRar

Sevudgebi adresantze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis

CamoTvlas, radgan erTxel ukve CamovTvale; ubralod aRvniSnav, rom

30 SeiZleba maTgan erTi mivuyeno iuridiul teqsts; Tumca srulad ki

ara, nawilobriv. es aris lokaciis kategoria. cnobilia, rom

lokaciis formulaa: "me-aq-axla"; e. i. lokaciis kategorias aqvs sami

aspeqti: personaluri, sakuTriv lokaluri da temporaluri. rodesac

vTqvi, rom lokaciis kategoria iuridiul teqstebSi arasruladaa

warmodgenili, vigulisxme is, rom metyveli subieqti teqstSi ar Cans,

Tumca cxadia, arsebobs an arsebobda, sxvagvarad teqsti ver

Seiqmneboda. rac Seexeba danarCen or aspeqts, lokaluri aspeqti

aSkarad Cans, moqmedeba saqarTveloSi xdeba, xolo temporaluri

aspeqti, metyveli subieqtisa ar iyos, teqstSi dafarulia, da ar aris

miTiTebuli.

metyvel subieqtze orientirebuli danarCeni kategoriebidan arc

erTi ar aris mocemuli iuridiul teqstebSi; isic minda davsZino, rom

xdeba ukve arsebul kategoriaTa gadaazreba da maTTvis

pragmatikulobis statusis miniWeba.

aRvniSne, rom pragmatikul kategoriaTa sistema Sedgeba

Sesabamisad, sami qvesistemisagan, pirveli qvesistema __ esaa im

pragmatikul kategoriaTa erToblioba, romlebic asaxaven metyveli

subieqtis rols, pozicias da am poziciis gavlenas rogorc mTel

sakomunikacio aqtze, ise enobrivi sistemis im erTeulebze, romelTa

aqtualizacia xdeba am sakomunikacio aqtSi.

isic vTqvi, rom pirveli qvesistemis umniSvnelovanesi

pragmatikuli kategoriaa lokaciis kategoria, romelic sami

koordinatiT ganisazRvreba __ "me-aq-axla". lokaciis magaliTze msurs,

davinaxoT, rom pragmatikis yvela kategoria ara ganyenebulad, aramed

arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi aisaxeba konkretulad yvela

doneebrivi erTeulis SinaarsSi da mis kategoriebSi.

"me" __ koordinatis, iseve rogorc "aq" da "axla" koordinatebis

gamoxatva SeuZlia zmnas da aqedan gamomdinare, Cans WeSmariti zmnuri

kategoriebis pragmatikuli buneba. WeSmariti zmnuri kategoriebi

gamoxatulia ara zmniT, aramed mTeli gamonaTqvamiT. e. i. piris

kategoriac, drois kategoriac pragmatikuli kategoriebia.

pragmatikulia gansazRvrulobis kategoriac. ase rom SeiZleba iTqvas,

31 rom pragmatikas aqvs gamWoli statusi mTeli enobrivi sistemis

farglebSi __ pragmatika asaxulia yvela enobrivi donis erTeulebSi

da yvela am erTeulis kategoriul sistemaSi. unda iTqvas isic, rom

pragmatikis subieqturoba gulisxmobs ara marto adresantis, aramed

adresatis subieqturobasac da arsebobs pragmatul kategoriaTa meore

qvesistema __ is kategoriebi, romlebic asaxaven adresats, mis

poziciasa da gavlenas mTel teqstze. pragmatikul kategoriaTa

pirveli qvesistema ufro ukeTesadaa Seswavlili, vidre meore, vinaidan

pragmatika tradiciulad gulisxmobda mxolod subieqts, laparakobda

sametyvelo aqtis egocentrizmze. magram vinaidan aRvniSne, rom

iuridiul teqstebSi aqcenti meore __ msmenel subieqtzea, jer minda

kidev erTxel davasaxelo, xolo Semdeg ganvixilo, Tu rogor aris

ganfenili TiToeuli maTgani Cems mier aRniSnul iuridiul teqstebSi.

es kategoriebia:

informaciulobis kategoria

eqspresiiulobis kategoria

gamWvirvalobis kategoria

kategoriaTa am qvesistemas safuZvlad udevs adresantis

daintereseba imaSi, rom adresatma mas adekvaturad gaugos. es ki

niSnavs, rom adresantma unda gaiTvaliswinos adresati __ es

sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturobis safuZvelia, magram efeqturobis

misaRwevad mTavari is ki ar aris, rom teqsti Seicavdes lokacias,

modalobas, Sefasebas, da a.S. teqsti garkveuli TvalsazrisiT unda

iyos informaciuli, eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale.

axla ki vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciulia, gamWvirvale da

eqspresiulia iuridiuli teqsti.

iuridiuli teqstic, rogorc yvela teqsti, Tavis TavSi

gulisxmobs garkveul informaciulobas. msmeneli subieqtisTvis

faqtiurad Cems xelT arsebuli saqarTvelos konstituciis inglisuri

32 versia iTvleba axlad. misTvis axalia yovelive, rac konstituciaSi

weria; Tumca unda aRvniSno, rom iuridiul sferoSi moRvawe

pirTaTvis konstituciis yoveli muxli, yoveli punqti, cnobilia,

xolo rigiTi mkiTxvelisTvis ki __ axali.

Cemi azriT, am SemTxvevaSi marTebuli iqneba, Tu vaxsenebT

koherentulobas, romelic yvela kategoriis integrirebas axdens. igi

iTargmneba, rogorc SekavSirebuloba. koherentulobis xseneba imitom

damWirda, rom aRvniSno, teqstSi mTavaria Sinagani SekavSirebuloba.

cnobilia, rom romeli ierarqiuli donec ar unda aviRoT teqstisa,

teqsti mudam warmoadgens iseTi winadadebebis Tanmimdevrobas,

romlebic erTiandebian erTi ZiriTadi TemiT; teqsts qmnis Tematuri

erTianoba, teqstSi mTavaria Sinagani SekavSirebuloba __ mTavaria

Sinagani kavSiri winadadebaTa Soris. koherentuloba ki iTvleba

centralur kategoriad, radgan igi asaxavs teqstis ZiriTad

makonstruirebel niSans.

koherentulobas aqvs Semdegi funqciebi:

igi akavSirebs teqstis nebismier nawils. (Cvens SemTxvevaSi,

iuridiul teqstSi dasawyisi Tu bolo winadadeba erTmaneTTan

dakavSirebulia azriT, rac koherentulobis damsaxurebaa).

swored koherentulobis meSveobiT emzadeba adresati teqstis

jer ararealizebuli segmentebis aRqma-gagebisaTvis. Cems mier

gansaxilvelad aRebuli iuridiuli teqstebis romeli monakveTic ar

unda aviRoT, igi Tavis TavSi Seicavs ara marto informacias Tavis

Tavze, aramed garkveuli saxis informacias imaze, rac jer ar Tqmula,

anu teqstis jer ararealizebul segmentze. aq saqme exeba informaciis

anticipacias. swored koherentulobis meSveobiT teqstSi axlad

realizebuli segmenti ukavSirdeba ukve realizebul segmentebs.

koherentuloba, marTalia, teqstobrivi kategoriaa, magram

xazgasmulia misi pragmatuli arsi, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi

mudam arsebobs ara ganyenebulad, ara TavisTvis da Tavis TavSi,

aramed minimum or subieqts Soris.

33

es rac Seexeboda informaciis kategorias, romlis ganxilvamac

gamaxsena koherentuloba da saWirod CavTvale oriode sityviT amexsna

misi kavSiri informaciulobasTan.

axla ki gadavideT msmenel subieqtze orientirebul, meore

pragmatikul kategoriaze __ gamWvirvalobis kategoriaze. am

kategoriis arseboba da cxadia, Sinaarsic ganpirobebulia adresatiT.

teqsti gamWvirvalea imdenad, ramdenadac igi gamWvirvalea

adresatisTvis. gamWvirvaloba gulisxmobs imas, rom Cveni naTqvami

gasagebia adresatisaTvis.

imisaTvis, rom gavigoT Cems mier gansaxilvelad aRebuli

iuridiuli teqstebi gamWvirvaleni arian Tu ara, mxolod is ar kmara,

rom isini gasagebad iyvnen warmodgenili adresatisaTvis, aramed

gamWvirvalobis yoveli faqtori unda iyos mocemuli teqstSi.

pirveli faqtoris mixedviT teqstSi asaxuli referentuli

situacia unda iyos erTnairi orive monawilesTvis. am pirobis gareSe

gamWvirvaloba ver iqneba. saqarTvelos konstituciis ganxilvisas ki

referentul situacias warmoadgens konstitucia Tavisi muxlebiT.

cxadia igi erTnairia metyveli subieqtisTvis (romelic dafarulia,

magram arsebobs) da msmeneli subieqtisTvis.

meore faqtoria komunikaciuri situacia (vin, vis, rodis, sad

eubneba) : komunikaciuri situacia unda iyos identuri orive

monawilisTvis. iuridiuli teqstis mixedviT ki komunikaciuri

situacia identuri ver iqneba orive monawilisTvis; Tu ratom, amas

Semdegnairad avxsni:

komunikaciuri situacia Seicavs or komunikants: adresantsa da

adresats. yoveli komunikanti xasiaTdeba garkveuli niSnebiT:

socialuri statusi, socialuri roli, da a. S.

cxadia, rom iuridiuli teqstis SemTxvevaSi, orive monawiles

erTnairi socialuri statusi, anda socialuri roli ver eqneba.

gamWvirvalobis Semdegi faqtoria komunikantTa Tezaurusebi __

maTi fonuri codna Tu samyaros xati an unda emTxveodes erTmaneTs an

maT Soris ar unda iyos principuli gansxvaveba. Cems mier aRniSnul

iuridiul teqstebSi ki teqstis Semqmnelisa da aRmqmelis Tezaurusebi

34 ar emTxveva erTmaneTs. SesaZlebelia am kategoriis teqstis mkiTxvelis

warmodgenaTa da codnaTa erToblioba ar Seesabamebodes teqstis

Semqmnelis codnaTa erTobliobas. lingvistikaSi Tezaurusebis

gverdiT xmaroben agreTve termins fonur codnas da filosofiur-

fsiqologiuri warmoSobis termins samyaros xats. komunikaciis yoveli

aqti gulisxmobs, rom komunikantebs warmodgena aqvT erTmaneTis

Tezaurusebze, fonur codnasa Tu samyaros xatze, rac iuridiuli

teqstebis SemTxvevaSi ar xdeba. yoveli Tezaurusi amasTanave

gulisxmobs ara marto samyaros Sesaxeb uSualo codnis an

warmodgenaTa sistemas, aramed am sistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

presupoziciaTa sistemasac. xazi unda gavusva imasac, rom

gamWvirvalobis kategoria uSualod miemarTeba iseT

zogadkomunikaciur kategorias, rogoricaa komunikaciuri efeqturobis

kategoria.

CamoTvlili faqtorebidan gamomdinare, iuridiuli stilis

teqsti nawilobriv gamWvirvalea. nawilobriv imitom, rom igi gasagebia

mkiTxvelisaTvis, magram gamWvirvalobis yvela faqtors ver pasuxobs.

pragmatikul kategoriaTa meore qvesistemis Semdegi kategoriaa

eqspresiulobis kategoria. tradiciulad mTeli gamonaTqvamis an

gamonaTqvamis romelime komponentis eqspresiuloba aTvisebuli iyo

lingvistikis mier konotaciis cnebis saSualebiT; konotacias ki

stilistika Seiswavlida. aqac saqme exeba pragmatizaciis fenomens, rac

mudam or moments Seicavs: subieqtivizaciisa da teqstologizaciis

momentebs.

stilistikis farglebSi teqstis anda misi romelime komponentis

eqspresiuloba gulisxmobda, rom yoveli gamonaTqvami anda misi

komponenti denotaciis garda mudam Seicavs konotacias, rogorc

enobrivi niSnis mier aRniSnuli realobisadmi subieqtis

damokidebulebis gamoxatvas. es damokidebuleba SeiZleba iyos rogorc

dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi. arsebobs neitraluri konotaciac.

konotaciis gareSe gamonaTqvami ar arsebobs, iseve rogorc denotaciis

gareSe.

35

subieqtivizaciis planSi ki eqspresiulobis kategoriis

pragmatizacia niSnavs aqcentis gadatanas adresantidan adresatze.

eqspresiulobis kategoriis pragmatizacia ar uaryofs imas, rom

adresantma SeiZleba gamoxatos Tavisi subieqturi damokidebuleba,

magram misi mizania, adresatze zemoqmedeba.

Cems mier dasaxelebuli iuridiuli teqstebi ara eqspresiulia.

minda vTqva, rom ara marto es konkretuli teqstebi, aramed saerTod,

iuridiuli teqstebi eqspresiulobiT ar xasiaTdebian; yovelives avxsni

Semdegnairad:

Tu metyveli subieqti gamoxatavs raimesadmi Tavis subieqtur

damokidebulebas da am damokidebulebis gamoxatva komunikaciuri

TvalsazrisiT efeqturia __ xolo efeqturia igi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es

subieqti Cafiqrebul zegavlenas axdens, __ maSin es komunikaciuri

efeqturoba emyareba ara marto adresantis komunikaciur intencias,

aramed mis mier samyaros im xatis adekvaturad gaTvaliswinebasac,

romelic damaxasiaTebelia adresatisaTvis.

iuridiuli teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki amgvari ram warmoudgenelia.

Cems mier dasaxelebuli teqstebi xom dokumentebia, romlebSic

mTavaria faqtebis, konkretuli pirobebis aRniSvna, da ara metyveli

subieqtis damokidebuleba, da is, Tu ra zegavlenas moaxdens igi

msmenelze.

aqedan gamomdinare, dasaxelebul iuridiul teqstebs

eqspresiulobis kategorias ver mivuyenebdi.

saqarTvelos konstitucia, yovelive Tqmulidan gamomdinare,

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom informaciulia, nawilobriv gamWvirvale da ara

eqspresiuli.

saqarTvelos konstituciasTan SedarebiT, kanoni saqarTvelos

eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb, ufro rTuli

agebulebisaa. masSi mravladaa specipikuri sityvebi da terminebi:

"export", "import", "gas storage", "gas suply", "transit", "transportation

licensee", "Executive Board of the Georgian Wholesale Electricity Market", "Tecnical

36 Standards", "Market Rules", "Import Llicensee", "Export Licensee" da a. S.

(www.parliament.ge/Legal_Acts/Constitution/consem.html, 100.)

es kanoni Sedgeba punqtebisagan da qvepunqtebisagan. metyveli

subieqti, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, aqac dafarulia.

masze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan vercerTs ver

mivusadagebdi am kanons. aqcenti aqac msmenel subieqtzea. adresatze

orientirebuli kategoriebidan ki samive kategoria isevea mocemuli,

rogorc saqarTvelos konstituciaSi; mxolod gamWvirvalobis

TvalsazrisiT, minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelos konstituciis teqsti

ufro gamWvirvalea, vidre es kanoni; igi ufro moiTxovs winaswar

Semzadebas, radgan gadatvirTulia mTeli rigi specifikuri

terminebiT, rac umeteswilad energetikis sferoSi moRvawe

adamianebisTvisaa cnobili (Tumca ara mxolod maTTvis). saqarTvelos

konstituciis teqsti adresatisTvis ufro gasagebadaa warmodgenili,

vidre kanoni saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi gazis

Sesaxeb. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos konstituciis teqsts,

miuxedavad gamWvirvalobis yvela faqtoris ganuxorcieleblobisa,

ufro metad gamWvirvaled CavTvli, vidre meore kanons; orive kanoni

nawilobriv gamWvirvalea radgan verc erTi maTgani ver pasuxobs

gamWvirvalobis yvela faqtors, Tumca met-nakleboba aqac dasaSvebia.

Cems mier ganxiluli iuridiuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, minda

aRvniSno, rom es orive teqsti aris kanoni, romlisTvisac

mizanSewonili da mTavari iqneba kanonis ZalaSi gatarebas mieniWos

kategorialuri statusi; maSin es kategoria sxva danarCeni

kategoriebis msgavsad miiRebs pragmatikul ganzomilebas, moxdeba misi

pragmatizacia; rac amave dros niSnavs mis teqstologizacias; es

kategoria Seswavlil iqneba sxva stilis teqstebis ki ara, aramed

iuridiuli teqstebis farglebSi da orive subieqtze – metyvel da

msmenel subieqtebze anu adresantebsa da adresatebze iqneba

orientirebuli. nebismieri kanoni iqmneba, yalibdeba garkveuli

Sexedulebebis mixedviT, magram igi ver imoqmedebs, Tu ar iqneba

ZalaSi gatarebuli. mas Zala ar eqneba da yovelgvari ganxilva da

37 sja-baasi amao iqneba, Tu kanoni ar miiRes. yovelive Tqmulidan

gamomdinare, iuridiuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, kerZod, kanonebis

SemTxvevaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani, kanonis ZalaSi gatarebis

kategoria iqneba. unda aRvniSno isic, rom iseTi cnobili kategoriis

msgavsad, rogoricaa gamWvirvalobis kategoria, kanonis ZalaSi

gatarebis kategoriis miyeneba teqstisadmi (kerZod, iuridiuli

teqstisadmi) SesaZlebelia, ra Tqma unda maSin, roca yvela piroba,

rac saWiroa dawerilis teqstad aRqmisaTvis, dakmayofilebulia; es

sakiTxi mainc kvlevis Ria da saintereso sagnad rCeba.

I Tavis bolos daskvnis saxiT minda vTqva, rom Cems mier

ganxilul iuridiul teqstebSi (ara marto am teqstebSi, saerTod,

iuridiul teqstebSi) aqcenti msmenel subieqtsa da masze

orientirebul kategoriebzea. metyveli subieqti dafarulia, magram

arsebobs. dasaxelebuli orive kanoni informaciulia, araeqspresiuli;

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT ki orive teqsti nawilobriv

gamWvirvalea met-naklebobis fonze. Semovitane azri, rom kanonis

ZalaSi gatarebas mieniWos kategorialuri statusi, radgan kanonis

ZalaSi gatarebis gareSe kanons Zala ar eqneba da mis ganxilvasac

azri daekargeba.

38

Tavi II

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva

postmodernisti mwerlis – umberto ekos

nawarmoeb “ Foucault’s Pendulum” – idan pirveli ori Tavis

mixedviT

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis II TavSi pragmatikul kategoriebs

ganvixilav cnobili italieli filosofosis, istorikosis,

literatoris, semiotikosis, kritikosisa da esTetikosis, umberto ekos

nawarmoebidan "Foucault's Pendulum", pirveli ori Tavis magaliTze. minda

aRvniSno, rom ganvixilav am nawarmoebis ara originals, italiurad

daweril versias, aramed mis inglisurad Targmnil variants, romelic

uiliam viverma Seasrula. minda, davsZino, rom am nawarmoebSi Tavebi

qveTavebisgan Sedgeba; me gansaxilvelad aviReb or Tavsa da eqvs

qveTavs.

dasaxelebuli nawarmoebi aT segmentad iyofa. misi saTauri

frang fsiqiatr Foucault-is mier Seqmnili namdvili Pendulum-idan aris

aRebuli. man Pendulum-i imisTvis Seqmna, rom dedamiwis brunvis

demonstrireba moexdina.

nawarmoebSi sami mTavari gmiria, sami megobari: belbo,

diotaveli da kasauboni, romlebic milanSi sagamomcemlo kompaniaSi

muSaoben.

dasaxelebuli Tavebis wakiTxvis Semdeg iseTi gancda dameufla,

TiTqos veraferi gavige, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviReb zogierT frazas.

nawarmoebi pirvel pirSia dawerili; Txroba I pirSi midis erT-

erTi mTavari gmiris – kasaubonis mier. amitom Tu Cven mivmarTavT

iseTi lingvistis naazrevs, rogoricaa e. benvenisti, mis erT-erT

Teziss warmoadgens swored is, rom metyveleba egocentrulia; e. i.

metyvelebis aqti mdgomareobs imaSi, rom metyveli subieqti mocemul

momentSi, TiTqosda iTvisebs mTel enobriv sistemas da iyenebs mas

Tavisi meobis, Tavisi egos gamosaxatavad. amdenad, sametyvelo aqti

39 aris egocentristuli. manve pirvelad Semoitana metyvelebis

intersubieqturobis cneba, magram sametyvelo aqtis egocentristuli

pozicia metyvelebs imaze, rom aqcenti mainc metyvel subieqtzea.

Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom yoveli nawarmoebi, teqsti

iqmneba imisTvis, rom viRacam waikiTxos da amdenad, upriania imis Tqma,

rom miuxedavad imisa, rom metyveli subieqti ufro aqtiuria aseTi

tipis nawarmoebSi, radgan msmenelis anu adresatisTvis am tipis

nawarmoebi sruliad gaugebari iqneba (magram msmenelsac gaaCnia).

amdenad, maT Soris umeteswilad iqneba, Cemi azriT, SeuTavsebloba.

vinaidan teqsti imisTvis iqmneba, rom viRacam waikiTxos, am nawarmoebis

SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba dainteresebul, kiTxvismoyvare adamians sruliad

gauqres misi wakiTxvis survili. magaliTisTvis minda, moviyvano aseTi

nawyvetebi nawarmoebidan:

" O, What a beautiful morning at the end of November, in the beginning was the

word, sing to me, goddess, the son of Peleus, Achilles, how is the winter ofvour discontent.

Period, new paragraph. Testing testing grams, if you've written a novel with a confederate

hero named Rhett Butler and fickle girl named Scarlet and then change your mind, all you

have to do is punch a key and Abu will global replace the Rett Butler to prince Andreis, the

Scarletts to Natashas, Atlanta to Moscow, and lo! you've written war and peace.

Abu, du another thing now: Bebo orders Abu to change all words, make each "a"

become "Akka" and each "o" become "ulla", for a paragraph to look almost Finish.

Akkabu, dulla akkanullather thing nullaw: Belbulla ullarders, Akkabu tulla

chakkange akkal wullards, makkake eakkach "akka" becullame "akkakkakka" akkand

eakkach "ulla"becullame "ullakka, fullar akka pakkara kkagrakkaph tulla lullaullak

akkalmul last Finnish". ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 22, paragrafi 1).

“ Abraham Abulafia’s Hokhmath ha-Zeruf was at once the science of the

combination of letter and the science of the purification of the heart. Mystic logic, letters

whirling in infinite change, is the world of bliss, it is the music of thought, but see that you

proceed slowly, and with caution, because your machine may bring you delirium instead of

ecstasy. Many of Abulafia’s disciples were unable to walk the fine line between

contemplation of the names of God and the practice of magic. They manipulated the names

40 in an effort to turn them into a talisman, an instrument of dominion over nature, unaware

– as you are unaware, with your machine – that every letter is bound to a part of the body,

and shifting a consonant without the knowledge of its power may affect a limb, its position

or nature, and then you find yourself deformed, a monster. Physically, for life; spiritually,

for eternity.” ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 29, paragrafi 2).

cxadia, adresatisaTvis amgvari metyveleba sruliad miuRebeli

iqneba, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviRebT im faqts, rom mTeli nawarmoebi

aseTi absurduli frazebiT ar Semoifargleba.

adresantsa da adresats Soris SeuTavsebloba Tavs iCens jer

kidev nawarmoebis saTauridan; msmeneli subieqti ver mixvdeba, ras

niSnavs "Foucault's Pendulum", Tu ar aris parizSi namyofi da ar unaxavs

igi an ar waukiTxavs, an ar smenia raime “Foucault’s Pendulum”-is Sesaxeb.

nawarmoebis TiToeuli Tavis dasaTaureba, cota ar iyos bundovania:

"Keter", "Hokhman", "Binah", "Hesed", "Gevurah", "Tiferet", "Nezah",

"Hod", "Yesod", "Malkhut". ( Eco Umberto, 102, Table of contents, gv VII, VIII, IX, X,

XI, XII, XIII, XIV).

ufro mkafiod rom vTqvaT, am tipis nawarmoebSi metyvel

subieqtsa da msmenel subieqts Soris kavSiri ver damyardeba im

doneze, rogorc es moxdeba sxva tipis teqstebSi (didi mniSvneloba

aqvs im mimdinareobas, romelsac mwerali ekuTvnis da mis weris

manerasac gaaCnia; umberto eko xom postmodernisti mweralia....)

radgan metyveli subieqti aqtiurad figurirebs umberto ekos

nawarmoebSi "Foucault's Pendulum", im pragmatikuli kategoriebis moZebna,

romlebic ukavSirdebian da asaxaven metyveli subieqtis rols da

adgils sakomunikacio aqtSi, savsebiT SesaZlebelia.

vinaidan Tavdapirvelad, ganvixilavT im pragmatikul

kategoriebs, romlebic metyveli subieqtis rols ukavSirdebian,

daviwyoT lokaciis kategoriiT. mas ganvixilavT ara rogorc

izolirebul kategorias, aramed procesualobasTan mimarTebaSi.

procesualoba mxatvrul teqstSi calsaxad ar isazRvreba: igi teqstis

41 funqcinalur-komunikaciuri maxasiaTebelic aris, teqstisa da

mxatvruli xatis arsebobis formac; magram procesualobis

formalizacia, sruli modelireba ver xerxdeba, radgan misi

realizacia mkiTxvelis mier nawarmoebis aRqmis dros xdeba.

lokaciis kategoria umberto ekos nawarmoebSi "Foucault's

Pendulum", SeiZleba iTqvas cvalebadia; magram aqve SevniSnav, rom

icvleba ara samive aspeqti: personaluri, temporaluri da lokaluri,

aramed mxolod ori __ temporaluri da lokaluri. personaluri

aspeqti am kategoriisa ucvlelia. moqmedebis centrSia mxolod erTi

subieqti, romelic metyvelebs. drouli da sivrcobrivi koordinatebis

cvlileba xdeba yoveli axali epizodis dasawyisSi. mag:

" To enter the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris, you firs cross an

eighteenth-century courtyard and step into an old abbey church, now part of a later comlex,

but originally part of a priory…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 7, paragrafi 1 ).

“ On the floor stretches a line of vehicles: bicycles, horseless carriages,

automobiles; from the ceiling hang planes. Some of the objects are intact, though peeling

and corroded by time, and in the ambigious mix of natural and electric light they seem

covered by a patina, an old violin’s varnish. Others are only skeletons or chassis, rods and

cranks that threaten indescribable tortures. You picture yourself chained to a rack,

something digging into your flesh untill you confess.” ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 7,

paragrafi 2 ).

" I crossed the hall again, and there was the Statue of Liberty, "eclairant le monde"

from a pedestal was a kind of sentry box, from which you could look through a porthole at

a diorama of New York harbor…" U( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 9, paragrafi 5).

" I abondoned the chapel, turned left at the statue of Gramme, and entered a

gallery…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 10, paragrafi 4 ).

“ I went upstairs, walked through the halls of the crafts, of energy, electricity. No

place to hide here, not in these cases. I began to guess their meaning, but suddenly I was

42 gripped by the fear that there would not be time to find a place from which I could witness

the nocturnal revelation of their secret purpose. Now I moved like a man pursued –

pursued by the clock, by the ghastly advance of numbers. The earth turned, inexorably, the

hour was approaching. In a little while I would be kicked out.” ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 13,

paragrafi 3 ).

“ Crossing the exhibit of electrical devices, I came to the hall of glass. By what logic

had they decided that the most advanced and expensive gadgetry of the modern mind

should be followed by a section devoted to an art known to the Phoenicians thousands of

years ago? “. ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 13, paragrafi 4 ).

“ It had been two days earlier, a Thursday. I was lazing in bed, undecided about

getting up. I had arrived the previous afternoon and had telephoned my office. Diotallevi

was still in the hospital, and Gudrun sounded pessimistic: condition un changed; in other

words, getting worse. I couldn’t bring myself to go and visit him.” ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv

19, paragrafi 1 ) .

“ It was already night, Thursday, June 21. My eyes were watering . I had been

staring at the screen and then at the printer’s pointillist anthill since morning. What I had

read might be true or it might be false, but Belbo said he would call in the morning. I would

have to wait here. My head swam. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 37, paragrafi 8) .

minda isic aRvniSno, rom nawarmoebSi moqmedeba adamianis

cnobierebaSi xdeba; wlebi, Tveebi, romlebic icvlebian, mxolod

mogonebebia. "Foucault's Pendulum"-i, rogorc presa aRniSnavs, kerZod

Chicago Tribune, __ "es aris jadosnuri saidumlo mogzauroba

dasavluri gonebisa" ("It is a magical tour of the Western mind"). (

www.umbertoeco.com, 97. ) nawarmoebi savsea aluziebiT, parodiebiT da arc

aris gasakviri, rom arc konkretul dros, arc konkretul adgilas, ar

xdeba moqmedeba. aqedan gamomdinare, lokaciis kategoriis lokaluri

da temporaluri aspeqtebi garkveuli cvalebadobiT xasiaTdebian.

sxva kategoriebTan dakavSirebiT minda kidev erTxel aRvniSno,

rom xdeba ukve arsebul kategoriaTa gadaazreba da maTTvis

43 pragmatikulobis statusis miniWeba. modalobis kategoria didi xania

cnobili. erTmaneTisgan ganarCeven subieqtur da obieqtur modalobas.

jer minda davakonkreto, orive saxis modalobis mniSvneloba da

Semdeg vnaxoT, romeli maTgani miesadageba umberto ekos nawarmoebs.

obieqturi modaloba, es aris teqstSi an gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli

situaciis damokidebuleba realobasTan;

subieqturi modaloba ki, asaxavs metyveli subieqtis

damokidebulebas gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT. unda

aRiniSnos, rom ori saxis modalobidan pirveli saerTod ar

axasiaTebs mxatvrul teqsts, ufro metic, obieqtur-modaluri

mniSvneloba umetes SemTxvevaSi ifargleba mxolod winadadebiT.

swored obieqturi modalobis mixedviT gamoiyofa winadadebis iseTi

saxeebi, rogoricaa TxrobiTi, kiTxviTi, brZanebiTi da Zaxilisa. eseni

obieqtur-modaluri mniSvnelobis mqone tipebia. unda iTqvas, rom

obieqturi modaloba umetes SemTxvevaSi ar axasiaTebs teqsts.

subieqturi modaloba ki ZiriTadad teqstis mTavari da arsebiTi

Taviseburebaa. subieqturi modalobis velis centrad g. i. solganikis

mixedviT miCneulia "me" nacvalsaxeli. "me" nacvalsaxels, rogorc

teqstis modalobis gamoxatvis saSualebas, mis semantikur da

struqturul funqcias Tavisi gamokvleva uZRvna g. i. solganikma.

(sergia v. a. __ "teqstis lingvistika", Tbilisi gamomcemloba

"ganaTleba", 1989) misi azriT, metyveleba SeuZlebelia metyvelis

gareSe, xolo metyveli aRniSnavs Tavs "me" nacvalsaxeliT. nebismieri

metyveleba gamomdinareobs "me"-sgan da mimarTulia "Sen"-ken da

mogviTxrobs mis Sesaxeb (saganze, cnebaze da a.S.). "me"-sTan erTad

gamoCndeba xolme subieqtur-SefasebiTi mniSvneloba.

teqstSi modaloba saerTod gadmoicema CarTuli sityvebiTa da

gamoTqmebiT, modaluri sityvebiT, zmnis droisa da kilos formebiT,

ganmeorebiTi modaluri winadadebiTa da metateqstiT.

"Foucault's Pendulum"-is gansaxilvelad arCeuli pirveli ori Tavi

minda davyo metateqstebad, raTa is modaluri metateqstebi, romlebic

am TavebSi gamovyavi, TvalnaTliv gamoikveTos; modalobis

gamomxatveli im saSualebebidan, romlebic am funqciiT winadadebaSic

44 gamoiyeneba, am or TavSic gamoCnda; magaliTad nawilaki "o"; amis

dasasabuTeblad moviyvan nawyvetebs teqstidan:

"O what a beautiful morning at the end of November…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 22,

paragrafi 1).

“ O joy, o new vertigo of difference, o my platonic reader-writer racked by a most

platonic insomnia, o wake of finnegan, o animal charming and benign…" ( Eco Umberto,

102, gv 22, paragrafi 4).

“ O Raimundo, O Camillo, you had only to cast your mind back to your visions and

immediately you could reconstruct the great chain of being, in love and joy, because all that

was disjointed in the universe was joined in a single volume in your mind, and Proust

would have made you smile. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 23, paragrafi 1 ) .

"O" Sorisdebulis funqcia aq Sesustebulia.

vinaidan “O” Sorisdebuli vaxsene, minda, oriod sityva vTqva

inglisur enaSi misi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

saerTod, inglisur enaSi “O” Sorisdebuli gamoiyeneba, rogorc

wamoZaxili, romelic pirdapir mimarTulia personis an

personificirebuli sagnis mimarT. aRniSnuli Sorisdebuli SeiZleba

iyos tkivilis, dardis, gakvirvebis, survilis, SiSis gamomxatveli

aRtkinebuli wamoZaxili. “O” Sorisdebuls xSirad moyveba elifsi,

roca is gamoxatavs: survils, mag,

“ O, I wish that Ishmael might live...”,

gakvirvebas, sinanuls, aRSfoTebas/guliswyromas, mag,

“ O it is sad that such eyes should e’er meet other object,” Sheridan Knowles”.

(www.dictionaryofwords.com/o/definition of term o, meaning of o, 92.)

45

vinaidan da radganac Sorisdebulebi “O” da “Oh” gamoyenebis

mxriv TiTqosda gvanan erTmaneTs, saWirod mimaCnia, maT Soris

gansxvaveba mainc arsebobs.

Sorisdebuleb “O”-s da “Oh”-s Soris gansxvaveba saxeldobr

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom “O” umjobesia gamoiyenebodes mxoloc maSin,

rodesac adamians an personificirebul sagans pirdapir mivmarTavT da

mas Zaxilis niSani saerTod ar unda moyvebodes, maSin rodesac “Oh”

gamoiyeneba iseTi wamoZaxilis dros, roca pirdapiri mimarTva

adamianisa da personificirebuli sagnisadmi ar arsebobs da Zaxilis

niSani mas SeiZleba moyvebodes, SeiZleba – ara; es winadadebis

agebulebazea damokidebuli.

zogi Tvlis, rom “Oh” unda gamoiyenebodes mxolod, rogorc

Zlieri grZnobis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli. “O”-s forma ki orive

mniSvnelobiT SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes – Zlieri grZnobis

gamosaxatavadac da susti grZnobis gamosaxatavadac. mag,

“ O, I am slain…”

“ O what a fair and ministering angel…”

“ O sweet angel…” (http:/www.dictionaryofwords.com/o/definition of term o,

meaning of o, 92).

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Sorisdebuli “O” gamoxatavs sxvadasxva

saxis emocias, magram umetesad gamoxatavs: gaocebas, dards, wuxils,

tkivils, SiSs... (www.dictionaryofwords.com/o/definition of term o, meaning of o, 92.)

umberto ekos “Foucault’s Pendulum”-idan zemoT moyvanil

nawyvetebSi Sorisdebul “O”-s funqcia Cemi azriT, Sesustebulia.

teqstis doneze modalobis gamoxatvis Zlier saSualebebad unda

miviCnioT: Sedareba, epiTeti, modaluri winadadebebi, modaluri

metateqstebi, modaluri daskvna-reziume.

46

minda aRvniSno, rom umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"-is im or

TavSi, romlebsac me ganvixilav, ramdenime modaluri metateqsti

gamovyavi. vidre Cems mier gamoyofil metateqstebze daviwyebde

saubars, minda ganvmarto, Tu ra aris metateqsti da ratom Seiqmna igi.

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi winadadeba iTvleboda enisa da

metyvelebis umaRlesi donis sintaqsur erTeulad. magram

enaTmecnierebis axali dargis __ teqstis lingvistikis warmoSobam

uaryo es tradiciuli gageba. aRmoCnda, rom winadadeba ar aris ena-

metyvelebis umaRlesi donis erTeuli. is aris sakomunikacio erTeuli.

xolo roca daisva sakiTxi __ arsebobs, Tu ara winadadebaze didi

sakomunikacio sidide, aRmoCnda, rom aseTi odenoba, aseTi enobrivi Tu

sametyvelo erTeuli marTlac arsebobs, romelsac mkvlevarebi

sxvadasxva terminebiT aRniSnaven, xolo sergia metateqsts uwodebs;

(sergia v. a., 80.) misi gagebiT, metateqsti aris winadadebaze maRali

donis enobrivi odenoba, romelsac aqvs sakuTari mikroTema, azrobrivi

damTavrebuloba da sakomunikacio funqcia. metateqstis, rogorc

enobrivad mTliani erTeulis komponentia, azrobrivad monaTesave,

Sinaarsobrivad axlo mdgomi damoukidebeli winadadebebi, romlebic

informacias gvawvdian erTi sagnis, erTi movlenis, erTi mikroTemis

Sesaxeb.

axla ki minda davasaxelo is modaluri metateqstebi, romlebic

"Foucault's Pendulum"-is pirveli ori Tavis ganxilvisas gamovyavi; minda,

davsZino, rom es ori Tavi (mTel nawarmoebSi Tavebi) Sedgeba

qveTavebisgan.

pirveli modaluri metateqsti, Cemi azriT, "Pendulum"-is

daxasiaTebaa TviTon metyveli subieqtis mier; nawarmoebidan Sevityve,

rom metyveli subieqti mogzaurobs Tavis warmosaxvaSi; mis amgvar

mogzaurobas simboluri mogzauroba SeiZleba vuwodoT. metyveli

subieqti, dedamiwis brunvasTan "Pendulum"-is brunvis Sedarebas axdens.

igi iyenebs mandalas __ es aris xati modernistuli nawarmoebisa:

" Pendulum told me that, as everything moved, earth, solar system, nebulae, and

black holes, all the children of the great cosmic expansion ---- one single point stood still: a

47 pivot, bolt, or hook around which the universe could move…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 5,

paragrafi 1). (mandala niSnavs wres, romelsac aqvs centri da igi am

centris garSemo moZraobs) (www.mandala.com, 94.)

minda davsZino, rom metyveli subieqtis yoveli gadaadgileba

sivrceSi, axal modalur metateqsts qmnis.

yvelaze mTavaria, mainc is modaluri daskvna-reziumeebi,

romlebic aseve minda gamovyo:

" Take heart, I said to myself: don't think of wisdom now; ask the help of

science…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 8, paragrafi 5 ).

" I had to leave, get away; this was madness. I was falling into the same trap, the

same game, that had driven Jacobo Belbo out of his mind, I, the doubter…" ( Eco,

Umberto, 102, gv 10, paragrafi 2).

" But perhaps in that simsun, that diminishment, that lonely seperation ---

Diotallevi said --- there was already the promise of the return…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv

16, paragrafi 2) .

“ In any case, if I had the strength and the courage to stay here for another half

hour or so, the night watchman might not see me. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 14,

paragrafi 4 ) .

“ Memories, distinct, precise, orderly. Of the past three frantic days, of the past two

years, and the forty-year-old memories I found when I broke into Jacopo Belbo’s electronic

brain. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 15, paragrafi 7 ) .

“ A sharp report, like a shot. It must have been the receiver falling, slamming

against the wall or onto that little shelf they have under telephones. A scuffle. Then the

click of the receiver being hung up. Certainly not by Belbo. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 20,

paragrafi 5 ) .

48

“ And if you happen to write what modesty forbids, it all goes onto a floppy disc,

and you can give the disc a password, and no one will be able to read you. Excellent for

secret agents. You write the message, save it, then put the disc in your pocket and walk off.

Not even Torquemada could find out, what you have written: It’s between you and it (It?).

And if they torture you, you pretend to confess; you start entering the password, then press

a secret key, and the message disappears forever. Oh I’m so sorry, you say, my hand

slipped, an accident, and now it’s gone. What was it? I don’t remember. It wasn’t

important. I have no Message to reveal. But later on – who knows? – I might.” ( Eco

Umberto, 102, gv 24, paragrafi 2 ) .

“ Suddenly I was struck by the nimbus in the middle, the divine throne. The Hebrew

letters were large; I could see them even from my chair. But Belbo couldn’t write Hebrew

on Abulafia. I took a closer look: I knew them, of course, from right to left, yod, he, vav, he.

The Tetragrammaton, Yahweh, the name of God. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 27,

paragrafi 5 ) .

“ And now, two days later, having achieved, I hope, serenity and amor fati, I can tell

the story I reconstructed so anxiously ( hoping it was false) inside the periscope, the story I

had read two days ago in Belbo’s apartment, the story I had lived for twelve years between

Pilade’s whiskey and the dust of Garamond Press.” ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 39,

paragrafi 5 ) .

es gaxldaT is modaluri daskvna-reziumeebi, romlebic me

gamovyavi. isini ZiriTadad modaluri metateqstebis bolos gvxvdeba.

modalobis gamoxatvis yvela Cems mier gamoyofili saSualeba

erTiandeba da emsaxureba im mizans, rom uSualod, pirdapir da

eqspliciturad gviCvenon mwerlis (metyveli subieqtis) subieqtur-

modaluri damokidebuleba sxvadasxva sagnisa Tu movlenis mimarT.

axla gadavideT danarCen pragmatikul kategoriebze, romlebic

aseve metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian da vnaxoT, ramdenad

SesaZlebelia maTi misadageba umberto ekos nawarmoebisadmi.

49

Sefasebis kategoria umberto ekos am nawarmoebSi gvxvdeba,

radgan Cemi azriT, yvela saxis mxatvrul teqstSi, ara aqvs

mniSvneloba, romeli drois nawarmoebi iqneba, metyveli subieqti

axdens ara mxolod realobis ubralo nominacias, aramed mis

Sefasebasac, xolo es Sefaseba saboloo jamSi gulisxmobs kargisa da

cudis opozicias. teqstSi moqmedeba SeiZleba adamianis cnobierebaSi

xdebodes, magram amas Cemi azriT, araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs,

radgan adamiani Tavis cnobierebaSic xom axdens imis garCevas, Tu ra

aris kargi da ra aris cudi. saerTodac moqmedeba teqstSi metyveli

subieqtis cnobierebaSic rom ar xdebodes, movlenebis Sejameba

sabolood mainc mis gonebaSi xdeba. mas gamoaqvs daskvnebi yovelive

momxdaris Semdeg. umberto ekos Cems mier aRniSnul nawarmoebSic

metyveli subieqti axdens garkveuli faqtisa Tu movlenis Sefasebas.

magaliTisTvis nawarmoebidan moviyvan nawyvets, rodesac axalgazrda

wyvili saubrobs "Foucault's Pendulum"-ze:

" It's Foucault's Pendulum", he was saying. "First tried out in a callar in 1851,

then shown at the Observatoire, and later under the dome of the Pantheon with a wire

sixty-seven meters long and sphere weighing twenty-eight kilos. since 1855 it's been here,

in a smaller version, hanging from that hole in the middle of the rib."

" What does it do? Just hang there?"

" It proves the rotation of the earth. Since the point of suspension doesn't move…"

" Why doesn't it move?"

" Well, because a point… the central point, I mean, the one right in the middle of

all the points you see… it's a geometric point; you can't see it because it has no dimension,

it can't move, not tight or left, not up or down. So it doesn't rotate with the earth. You

understand? It can't even rotate around itself. There is no 'itself.' "

" But the earth turns."

" The earth turns, but the point doesn't. That's how it is. Just take my word for it."

" I guess it's the Pendulum's business." ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 5, paragrafi 3).

metyveli subieqti gamoTqvams Tavis azrs gogonaze.

50

" Idiot "__ ambobs is,

" Above her head was the only stabl place in the cosmos, the only refuge from the

damnation of the panta rei, and she guessed it was the Pendulum's business not her's." (

Eco Umberto, 102, gv 5, paragrafi 6 ).

metyveli subieqti anu adresanti axdens ara imis gamijvnas, Tu

ra aris kargi da ra aris cudi; unda aRvniSno, rom Sefasebis

kategorias mxolod ase ver ganvsazRvravdi. metyveli subieqtis mier

nebismieri gamoTqmuli azri raRac saganze, movlenaze, __ es xom misi

Sefasebaa. am SemTxvevaSi mas axalgazrdebis saubridan ar moewona

fraza: " I guess, it's the Pendulum's business ", da Tavisi azri gamoTqva amaze:

" Idiot. "

mxatvrul teqstebSi Sefasebis kategoria met-naklebad gvxvdeba.

mag: SeiZleba, realisturSi ufro metad aris gamovlenili, vidre

modernistulSi; Tumca es sakiTxi ufro dawvrilebiT Seswavlas

saWiroebs.

vinaidan metyveli subieqti aqtiurad aris Cabmuli aRniSnul

teqstSi, distanturobis kategoriis miyeneba misadmi savsebiT

SesaZlebelia.

emociurobis kategoria, Sefasebis kategoriis msgavsad,

mxatvruli teqstisadmi, sadac metyveli subieqti aqtiurad metyvelebs,

advili misayenebelia. emociebi xom ganyenebulad ar arseboben, isini

mudam metyvel subieqts axlavs, rac naTlad SeiZleba gamoixatos

dasaxelebul teqstSi. mag: metyveli subieqtis emocia Cans aseT

frazebSi:

" O, what a beautiful morning at the end of November…" ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv

22, paragrafi 1 ) .

51

" O joy, o new vertigo of difference, o my platonic reader-writer racked by a most

platonic insomnia, o wake of finnegan, o animal charming and benign…" ( Eco Umberto,

102, gv 22, paragrafi 4).

“ O Raimundo, O Camillo, you had only to cast your mind back to your visions and

immediately you could reconstruct the great chain of being, in love and joy, because all that

was disjointed in the universe was joined in a single volume in your mind, and Proust

would have made you smile. “ ( Eco Umberto, 102, gv 23, paragrafi 1 ) .

axla ki pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva minda gavagrZelo

msmenel subieqtze orientirebuli kategoriebiT. marTalia,

Tavdapirvelad aRvniSne, rom umberto ekos nawarmoebSi "Foucault's

Pendulum", aqcenti metyvel subieqtzea, magam es, ra Tqma unda ar

niSnavs imas, rom am teqsts msmeneli subieqti ar moepoveba. ubralod

aRvniSne, rom am tipis nawarmoebSi metyvel subieqtsa da msmenel

subieqts Soris kavSiri ver damyardeba im doneze, rogorc es moxdeba

sxva stilis nawarmoebSi, mag: sagazeTo teqstSi. marTalia, aqcenti

metyvel subieqtzea, magram msmeneli subieqtic aucileblad

figurirebs teqstSi. aqve unda SevniSno, rom yovelive damokidebulia

mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis Tezaurusze da fonur codnaze.

axla minda, ganvixilo nawarmoebi adresatze damokidebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT da vnaxoT, ramdenad figurireben

isini am teqstSi.

adresatze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva

daviwyoT gamWvirvalobis kategoriiT. misi Sinaarsi da arseboba

ganpirobebulia adresatiT. (Tumca isic sagulisxmoa, rom ar arsebobs

pragmatikuli kategoria, romelic mxolod erTi subieqtiT iqneba

ganpirobebuli.) rogorc gamonaTqvami, ise gamonaTqvamis romelime

aspeqti gamWvirvalea imdenad, ramdenadac igi gamWvirvalea

adresatisTvis. gamWvirvaloba xom gulisxmobs imas, rom Cveni naTqvami

gasagebia adresatisTvis. umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"-i, Cemi

azriT, zogisTvis SeiZleba gamWvirvale iyos, zogisTvis ki __

gaumWvirvale; jer minda Camovayalibo gamWvirvalobis faqtorebi,

52 xolo Semdeg avxsna, Tu ratom SeiZleba zogisTvis gamWvirvale iyos,

zogisTvis ki __ gaumWvirvale.

pirveli faqtori aris is, rom teqstSi asaxuli referentuli

situacia unda iyos erTnairi orive monawilesTvis. am pirobis gareSe

gamWvirvaloba ver iqneba.

gamWvirvalobis Semdegi faqtoria komunikaciuri situacia,

romelic unda iyos identuri orive monawilisaTvis.

Semdegi faqtoria komunikantTa Tezaurusebi, maTi fonuri codna,

Tu samyaros xati an unda emTxveodes erTmaneTs, an maT Soris ar unda

iyos principuli gansxvaveba. adresantis mier gamonaTqvamSi xmarebul

sityvebs da maT Sexamebebs ar unda hqondeT iseTi mniSvneloba,

romelic principulad gansxvavebulia im mniSvnelobebisagan, romelsac

mas adresati aniWebs.

CamoTvlili faqtorebidan verc erTi pasuxobs gamWvirvalobis

kategorias umberto ekos SemTxvevaSi da swored aqedan gamomdinare,

vTvli, rom es nawarmoebi gaumWvirvalea. Tumca isic minda aRvniSno,

rom aseTi tipis nawarmoebs Tavisi mkiTxveli hyavs, romlisTvisac

nawarmoebi absurduli da gaugebari ar iqneba. zog mkiTxvels gaaCnia

is foniseuli codna, romelic emTxveva adresantisas da ar viqnebi

swori Tu CavTvli, rom veravin gaigebs am nawarmoebs, da yvelasTvis

gaumWvirvale iqneba; gaumWvirvaloba, __ es xom arakomunikalurobis

niSania. igi aris samyaros gansxvavebuli xedvis asaxva. gaumWvirvaloba

aris iq, sadac gvaqvs subieqtTa martosuloba. rogorc Cans,

gamWvirvalobis kategoriis TvalsazrisiT, ver vityviT, rom aRniSnuli

nawarmoebi an sruliad gamWvirvalea an sruliad __ gaumWvirvale,

yovelive damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis fonur codnasa

da Tezaurusze.

adresatze orientirebuli Semdegi pragmatikuli kategoriis __

informaciulobis kategoriis TvalsazrisiT, es teqsti Seicavs

adresatisTvis axals, es axali ki emyareba imas, rac cnobilia. mag:

cnobilia, rom dedamiwa brunavs, romelsac emyareba is, rom Foucault's

Pendulum-i xels uwyobs dedamiwis brunvas __ "It proves the rotation of the

53 earth. Since the point of suspension doesn't move." isic minda aRvniSno, rom es

nawarmoebi Tanamedrove drois mkiTxvelisTvis axalia da

SesaZlebelia, rom yvela donis mkiTxvelisaTvis es nawarmoebi verc

gamWvirvale da verc informaciis mimcemi ver iqneba. zog mkiTxvels ki

gaaCnia is foniseuli codna, romelic emTxveva adresantisas da ar

viqnebi swori, Tu CavTvli, rom veravin gaigebs am nawarmoebs.

axla minda, gadavideT kidev erT pragmatikul kategoriaze,

romelic aseve msmenel subieqtTan aris dakavSirebuli da, romelic ar

uaryofs imas, rom saqme gvaqvs adresantis mier subieqturi

damokidebulebis gamoxatvasTan. es aris eqspresiulobis kategoria;

misi ZiriTadi mizania, adresatze zemoqmedebis moxdena. eqspresiuloba

xom mudam ori funqciuri momentis Serwymis Sedegia:

1. adresantis komunikaciuri intencia (ra zemoqmedeba surs mas

moaxdinos adresatze).

2. adresantis mier samyaros im xatis gaTvaliswineba, romelic

damaxasiaTebelia adresatisaTvis. (enuqiZe r., 75.)

imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelma anu msmenelma subieqtma gaigos teqsti,

(am SemTxvevaSi umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"-i), mas unda hqondes

molaparakesTan, e. i. metyvel subieqtTan saerTo winaswari codna:

1. samyaros codna / the world vision / __ msmenelma unda icodes

mocemuli enis yvela sityva da sintaqsur wesTa funqcioba,

molaparakesTan unda hqondes faqtebis saerTo codna;

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaigos, magram saTanadod ver

Seafasos teqsti. Tu molaparakesa da msmenels ara aqvT

garemos erTnairi codna, maSin saWiro iqneba ganmartebebi

molaparakis mxridan.

54

2. situaciis codna / situation vision /, rac gulisxmobs msmenelTan

saubris droisa da adgilis, situaciis sxva maxasiaTeblebis

codnas. umetesad amis Sesruleba TavisTavad xdeba, magram

umberto ekos SemTxvevaSi es SeuZlebelia.

3. teqstis codna / text vision /, romelic aris codna im

informaciisa, romelic mimdinareobs uSualod enobrivi

konteqstidan, amis gareSe ver movaxdenT teqstis

interpretacias.

4. teqstis wminda enobriv pirobaTa codna, Tumc xSirad isini

bundovania da ganusazRvreli, magram enis codna niSnavs am

specifikur enobriv pirobaTa codnasac. (Sengelaia n., 83.)

ganxilvidan gamomdinare davaskveni, rom nawarmoebi

araeqspresiulia, radgan eqspresiulobis es ori funqciuri

momenti ver erwymis erTmaneTs. Tumca unda aRiniSnos kidev

erTxel, rom yovelive Tqmuli mainc damokidebulia mkiTxvelis

kategoriaze, mis fonur codnasa da Tezaurusze. zogierTisTvis

SeiZleba eqspresiulic iyos Cems mier aRniSnuli teqsti,

gamWvirvalec da informaciulic, an piriqiT.

55

Tavi III

postmodernisti mwerlis _ umberto ekos Sedareba

realist mweral – Carlz dikensTan pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis III TavSi minda, movaxdino umberto

ekos Sedareba erT did klasikos mweralTan, romelic misgan weris

maneriTac da mimdinareobiTac absoluturad gansxvavdeba. Semdeg ki am

klasikosi mwerlis erT-erTi romani ganvixilo pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT. igi Zalian cnobili mwerali Carlz dikensia.

umberto eko postmodernisti mweralia. postmodernizmi ki

internacionaluri mimdinareobaa, romelmac zegavlena moaxdina yvela

Tanamedrove xelovnebaze, romlebic modernizms misdevdnen.

literaturaSi, gansakuTrebiT romanSi, postmodernizmi uaryofs

tradiciul realizms. postmodernisti mwerali romansa da

Jurnalistikas Soris zRvars abundovnebs. umberto eko swored aseTi

mimdinareobis warmomadgenelia. misi nawarmoebi "Foucault's Pendulum" __

es aris "semiotic murder mystery", romelic mniSvnelobebis mTel rig

fenaSia gaxveuli. . ( www.umbertoeco.com, 97.) es nawarmoebi savsea

teqsturi aluziebiT. misi gmirebi iZieben teqsts, rogorc realobas da

realobas, rogorc teqsts. aRar daviwyeb imis gameorebas, Tu romeli

kategoria sWarbobs am teqstSi, radgan yovelive Cemi naSromis II TavSi,

Cemi azriT, TvalnaTliv gadmoveci.

axla ki minda, klasikos mweral dikensis erT-erTi nawarmoebis

mixedviT gamovyo pragmatikuli kategoriebi da gavavlo paraleli

umberto ekosTan. vnaxoT, Tu rogor gansxvavebulad aris

warmodgenili es kategoriebi Carlz dikensis Cems mier SerCeuli

nawarmoebis nawyvetSi.

III Tavis dasawyisSi umberto ekos da im mimdinareobas Sevexe,

romelsac igi ekuTvnis; yovelive amas didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rom

56 TvalnaTliv davinaxoT, rogor gansxvavebulad arian warmodgenili

pragmatikuli kategoriebi sxvadasxva tipis teqstebSi, rac Cemi

kvlevis ZiriTad mizans Seadgens.

Tavdapirvelad, minda oriode sityva vTqva Carlz dikensis weris

maneraze, raTa warmodgena Segveqmnas masze da Semdeg gadavide misi

nawarmoebidan "Great Expectations", SerCeuli nawyvetebis pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

Carlz dikensis Semoqmedebis meTods gansazRvravs realisturi

da romantikuli sawyisebis Serwyma. mis SemoqmedebaSi erTmaneTs

enacvleba tragikuli da komikuri, mkacri realisturi suraTi da

fantastika, uzustesi daxvewili aRwera da groteski, dramatuli

scenebi da epikuri Txroba. dikensis Semoqmedeba garkveulwilad

winaaRmdegobrivic aris; misi socialuri Sexedulebebi metismetad

sworxazovania Tavisi amosavali principebiT. imis gamo, rom mwerals

sinamdvile martooden keTilisa da borotis Sejaxebis asparezad

warmoudgenia, misi personaJebic mkveTrad iyofian keTil da borot,

dadebiT da uaryofiT tipebad. dikensis optimizmi emyareba didaqtikur

tendenciebs. Taviseburia misi enac. igi xan lirikulia, xan amaRlebul-

paTetikuri; emociuria, mdidaria idiomebiT, xalxuri TqmebiT.

Tavis erT-erT saukeTeso romanSi, romelic me gansaxilvelad

avirCie, "Gtreat Expactations"-Si Carlz dikensi erTmaneTTan aerTebs

dramasa da satiras, raTa gadmogvces sruli ambavi komediiTa da

paTosiT savse.

dikensis nawarmoebi "Great Expactations" Sedgeba 59 Tavisagan. Cemi

naSromisaTvis gansaxilvelad aviReb mxolod xuTs, radgan rac Cemi

kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens, imis gasarkvevad xuTic sakmarisi

iqneba.

"Great Expectations"-Si Txroba pirvel pirSi mimdinareobs. umberto

ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"-isagan gansxvavebiT, pirvelive frazebidan

yvelaferi gasagebia. am nawarmoebSi metyveli subieqtica da msmeneli

subieqtic erTnairad aqtiuria. maT Soris, SeiZleba iTqvas, sruli

harmoniaa.

57

minda, am nawarmoebis Cems mier amorCeuli Tavebis gaanalizeba

metyvel subieqtze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebiT daviwyo.

aRar daviwyeb imis gameorebas, Tu ras warmoadgens TiToeuli

kategoria; ubralod minda, ganvixilo, ramdenad srulad arian isini

mocemulni dikensis G"Great Expactations"- is Cems mier amorCeul TavebSi.

vinaidan mTel nawarmoebs ar ganvixilav, aramed mxolod ramdenime

Tavs, upriani iqneba imis aRniSvna, rom me vaxden arsebuli sruli

teqstis daSlas metateqstebad, magram teqstis ZiriTadi Tema

SenarCunebulia; am metateqstebs ki TavianTi mikroTemebi gaaCniaT,

romlebic saerTo Temis garSemo erTiandebian. es erTianoba ki

metateqstis azrobriv mTlianobasa da damTavrebulobas qmnis.

metyvel subieqtze orientirebuli kategoriebidan

umniSvnelovanes pragmatikul kategoriad iTvleba lokaciis kategoria,

romelic sami koordinatiT ganisazRvreba: "me-aq-axla". "Great

Expactations"- Si aSkarad Cans, rom metyveli subieqti, romelic pirvel

pirSi saubrobs, axdens mTeli enobrivi sistemis aqtualizacias.

saerTod tradiciuli "me" aisaxeboda gramatikul sistemaSi, rogorc

piris zmnuri kategoriis erT-erTi wevri, da nacvalsaxelTa sistemis

komponenti (me, Sen, is). imdenad, ramdenadac "me" asaxulia zmnur

kategoriaTa sistemaSi, maSin laparaki SeiZleba zmnis pragmatul

kategoriebze. unda iTqvas isic, rom "me" koordinatis rogorc

Sinaarsi, ise gamoxatva aRemateba im gamoxatvas, romelic xdeba zmnis

farglebSi. imas, Tu vin axdens enobrivi sistemis aqtualizacias, zmnis

garda, gviCvenebs nacvalsaxelad wodebuli sityva "me", xolo im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am koordinats ar gamoxatavs eqspliciturad arc

zmna da arc sityva "me", mas gamoxatavs gamonaTqvamis mTeli Sinaarsi.

"Great Expactations"-is SemTxvevaSi lokaciis kategoriis personaluri

aspeqts gamoxatavs sityva "me", romelsac mTeli teqstis Sinaarsic

ukavSirdeba. es "me" CarTulia mTlianad teqstSi:

58

" My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant

tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called

myself Pip, and came to be calld Pip." ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 5, paragrafi 1 ) .

rogorc am frazidan Cans, "me" koordinati Tavad aris CarTuli

teqstSi da mTeli Sinaarsic mas ukavSirdeba.

rac Seexeba danarCen or aspeqts, lokalursa da temporalurs,

isini icvlebian yoveli axali epizodis dasawyisSi. mag:

Tavdapirvelad, metyveli subieqti imyofeboda eklesiis ezoSi, Semdeg

saxlSi, mdinaris napiras da a. S. mTeli nawarmoebis manZilze aseve xan

dilaa, xan saRamo da a. S. mag:

“ At such a time I found out for certain, that this bleak place overgrown with nettles

was the churchyard, and that Philip Pirrip, late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of

the above, were dead and buried; and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias, and

Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried; and that the dark flat

wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates, with

scattered cattle feeding on it, was the marshes; and that the low leaden line beyond was the

river; and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing, was the sea; and

that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip”.

(Dickens Charles, 101, gv 5, paragrafi 3).

“ When I ran home from the churchyard, the forge was shut up, and Joe was sitting

alone in the kitchen. Joe and I being follow-sufferers, and having confidences as such, Joe

imparted a confidence to me, the moment I raised the latch of the door and peeped in at

him opposite to it, sitting in the chimney corner. “( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 10,

paragrafi 2 ) .

“ It was a rimy morning, and very damp. I had seen the damp lying on the outside

of my little window, as if some goblin had been crying there all night, and using the window

for a pocket-handkerchief. “( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 17, paragrafi 3 ) .

59

rogorc Cans, "Great Expectations"-Si lokaciis kategoria ori

aspeqtis monacvleobiT xasiaTdeba.

axla minda, gadavideT modalobis kategoriaze da vnaxoT, Tu

SeiZleba misi misadageba am teqstisadmi.

ori saxis modalobidan __ subieqturidan da obieqturidan,

"Great Expectations"-isadmi subieqturi modalobis misadageba SeiZleba,

romelic asaxavs metyveli subieqtis anu adresantis damokidebulebas

teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT.

Cems mier dasaxelebuli teqstis nawyvetebSi modalobis

gamoxatvis sxvadasxva saSualeba gvxvdeba, romlebic sxvadasxva

metateqstSi asruleben modalobis funqcias; modalobis gamomxatveli

im saSualebebidan, romlebic am funqciiT winadadebaSic gamoiyeneba,

am teqstis nawyvetSic gamoCnda Semdegi Sorisdebulebi:

"O" winadadebaSi :

“ O! Don’t cut my throat, sir,’ I pleaded in terror. ‘ Pray don’t do it sir.” ( Dickens

Charles, 101, gv 6, paragrafi 4) .

"Oh" nawyvetebSi :

“ Oh! Said he, coming back. ‘And is that your father alonger your mother?”

(Dickens Charles, 101, gv 7, winadadeba 9 ) .

“ Oh-h! said I, looking at Joe. Hulks !” ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 15,

paragrafi 10 ) .

“ Oh ah! He returned, with something like a gruff laugh. Him? Yes, yes! He don’t

want no wittles” . ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 20, paragrafi 7 ) .

“ Every Christmas Day he presented himself, as a profound novelty with exavtly the

same words, and carrying the two bottles like dumbbells. Every Christmas Day, Mrs. Joe

60 replied, as she now replied, ‘Oh, Un – cle Pum – ble – chook! This is kind!’ he retorted, as

he now retorted, ‘It’s no more than your merits. And now are you all bobbish, and how’s

Sixpennorth of halfpence? Meaning me”. (Dickens Charles, 101, gv 25, paragrafi 2 ).

" Ha" winadadebaSi :

“ Hah! Said Mrs. Joe, restoring Tickler to his station”. ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv

11, paragrafi 7 ) .

“Ah" winadadebaSi :

“ Ah! Said Joe. There is another conwict off” . ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 15,

paragrafi 2) .

CarTuli sityvebi: "Well" nawyvetebSi :

“ Well, said Joe, glancing up at the Dutch clock, she’s been on the Ram-page, this

last spell, about five minutes, Pip. She’s a-coming! Get behind the door, old chap, and have

the jack-towel betwixt you”. ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 10, paragrafi 7) .

“ Well, but I mean a four-footed Squeaker, said Mr. Pumblechook. If you had been

born such, would you have been here now? Not you - - “ . ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 27,

paragrafi 6 ) .

"You know", nawyvetebSi :

“ You know, Pip, said Joe, solemnly, with his last bite in his cheek, and speaking in

a confidential voice, as if we two

were quite alone, you and me is always friends, and I’d be the last to tell upon you, any

time. But such a – he moved his chair, and looked about the floor between us, and then

again at me – such a most uncommon bolt as that!” ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 13,

paragrafi 10 ) .

61

“ You know, old chap, said Joe, looking at me, and not at Mrs. Joe, with his bite

still in his cheek, I Bolted, myself, when I was your age – frequent – and as a boy I’ve been

among a many Bolters; but I never see your bolting equal yet, Pip, and it’s a mercy you

ain’t Bolted dead”. ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 13, paragrafi 11 ) .

teqstis doneze ki modalobis gamoxatvis Zlier saSualebebad

miCneulia modaluri winadadebebi, modaluri daskvna-reziumeebi:

"Conscience is a dreadful thing, when it accuses man or boy; but when in the case

of a boy, that secret burden co-operates whith another secret burden down the leg of his

trousers, it is a great punishment." ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 14, paragrafi 2 ) .

"Oh, Heavens, it had come at last! He would find it eas weak, he would say it was

weak, and I was lost! I held tight to the leg of the table, under the cloth, with both hands,

and awaited my fate " . ( Dickens Charles, 101, gv 28, paragrafi 3 ) .

rogorc Cans, modalobis kategoria, dasaxelebuli teqstis

nawyvetisadmi, Tavisi gamomxatveli saSualebebiT: SorisdebulebiT,

CarTuli sityvebiT, modaluri winadadebebiTa da modaluri daskvna-

reziumeebiT, advili misayenebelia.

rac Seexeba, Sefasebisa da emociurobis kategoriebs, orive

maTgani gvxvdeba "Great Expectations"-Si.

dikenss, rogorc aRvniSne, sinamdvile martooden keTilisa da

borotis Sejaxebis asparezad warmoudgenia; misi personaJebic iyofian

borot da keTil, dadebiT da uaryofiT tipebad. Sefasebis kategoriac

xom ZiriTadad eyrdnoba imas, rom gamonaTqvamis leqsikuri elementebi

Seicaven ara marto realobis ubralo nominacias, aramed mis

Sefasebasac, xolo es Sefaseba ki gulisxmobs kargisa da cudis

opozicias. es opozicia ki pragmatikuli xasiaTisaa da asaxavs

metyveli subieqtis aqseologiur damokidebulebas realobisadmi.

emociurobis kategoriac mudam subieqts axlavs, radgan emociebi

ganyenebulad ar arseboben. dikensis enac xom emociuria; amdenad, am

kategoriis misi nawarmoebisadmi misadageba, Secdomad ar CaiTvleba.

62

distanturobis kategoria, dikensis Cems mier arCeuli

nawarmoebisadmi, Zalianad advili misasadagebelia. viciT, rom es

kategoria asaxavs metyveli subieqtis dainteresebulobas teqstis

SinaarsiT, imas, Tu igi piradadaa CarTuli teqstSi. distanturobis

done ki damokidebulia imaze, Tu romel funqciur stils ekuTvnis igi.

distanturobis kategoria "Great Expectations"-Si mkafiod aris

gamovlenili, radgan rac zemoT vTqvi, yovelive ganxorcielebulia am

teqstSi.

amrigad, Cven davinaxeT pragmatikuli kategoriebis gamWoli

statusi mTeli enobrivi sistemis farglebSi __ pragmatika asaxulia

yvela enobrivi donis erTeulebSi da yvela am erTeulis

kategoriarul sistemaSi. isic vTqviT, rom pragmatikis subieqturoba

gulisxmobs ara marto adresantis, aramed adresatis subieqturobasac

da amdenad, gvaqvs pragmatikul kategoriaTa meore qvesistemac __ is

kategoriebi, romlebic asaxaven adresats, mis poziciasa da gavlenas

teqstze. sakomunikacio efeqtis misaRwevad ar aris sakmarisi, rom

teqsti Seicavdes lokacias, modalobas, Sefasebas da a. S. igi unda

iyos informaciuli, eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale.

axla modiT, vnaxoT, ramdenad eqspresiuli, informaciuli da

gamWvirvalea dikensis nawarmoebi "Great Expectations".

informaciulobis kategoriis Sinaarsi komunikaciuri

lingvistikis dRevandel etapze mTlianad ifareba, ivseba im fenomeniT,

romelsac winadadebis aqtualuri danawevrebis fenomeni ewodeba.

cnobilia, rom yoveli winadadeba xasiaTdeba binaruli __

subieqt_predikatuli struqturiT. subieqtisa da predikatis cneba

ukve Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs garkveul informaciulobas. yvelaferi

damokidebulia imaze, ra aris axali da ra aris cnobili imisTvis,

visac mivmarTavT. subieqti emTxveva cnobils da predikati axals.

gaCnda cnebebi "Tema" da "rema". "Tema" niSnavs subieqts, "rema" ki __

predikats. ("subieqti" da "predikati" laTinuri warmoSobis sityvebia,

"Tema" da "rema" ki __ berZnuli.) sintaqsuri struqturisaTvis

sulerTia, ra iqneba axali da ra __ cnobili. magram imis mixedviT, Tu

vin, vis, rodis, sad eubnebawinadadebas, gansxvavebuli iqneba misi

63 komunikaciuri struqtura. cnobilia, rom yoveli pragmatikuli

kategoria mudam miuTiTebs subieqtis (an subieqtTa) rolze da am

rolis gavlenaze ara winadadebis da, miTumetes ara calkeuli

sityvis, aramed mTliani teqstis farglebSi. e. i. yoveli kategoria

Sinaganad dakavSirebulia teqstTan im mizezis gamo, rom komunikacia

xdeba ara winadadebis, ara calkeuli sityvis, aramed teqstis

saSualebiT, teqstis farglebSi. ase rom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom roca

lingvisturi pragmatika romelime tradiciul kategorias iTvisebs,

aTvisebis es aqti Tu procesi droulad or moments gulisxmobs: xdeba

am cnebis pragmatizacia, rac erTis mxriv, gulisxmobs mis

aqtivizacias, masSi subieqtis rolis danaxvas, xolo meores mxriv, __

mis teqstologizacias. winadadebis aqtualuri danawevrebis

SemTxvevaSi ki teqstologizacia niSnavs, rom Tema_rematuli

struqtura ZiriTadad axasiaTebs ara winadadebas, aramed teqsts.

dikensis Cems mier arCeuli nawarmoebi informaciulia imdenad,

ramdenadac Cemi azriT, ar arsebobs teqsti, rom igi Tavis TavSi ar

Seicavdes garkveul informacias. teqsti informaciulad mxolod maSin

ki ar unda CavTvaloT Tu masTan dakavSirebiT zemoT naTqvami

srulad ganxorcielda masSi, aramed maSinac ki Tu srulad ar

ganxorcielda; teqsti Cemi azriT, es xom erTi didi informaciaa.

axla modiT, vnaxoT, ramdenad gamWvirvalea Cems mier aRniSnuli

teqsti. gamWvirvalobis kategoriis Sinaarsis dawvrilebiT ganxilvas

aRar Sevudgebi, imitom rom ukve ramdenjerme ganvixile. ubralod

minda, gavixseno, ra aris gamWvirvaloba. igi gulisxmobs, rom metyveli

subieqtis naTqvami gasagebia adresatisTvis. vinaidan da radganac,

gamWvirvalobas Tavisi faqtorebi gaaCnia da, Tu romelime ar iqneba

teqstSi, ise gamWvirvaloba ver gveqneba, maSin metis Tqma vfiqrob,

saWiro aRar aris, imitom rom es teqstic umberto ekos teqstis

msgavsad nawilobriv gamWvirvale iqneba. teqstSi asaxuli verc

referentuli situacia, verc komunikaciuri situacia erTnairi ver

iqneba orive subieqtisTvis, verc komunikantTa Tezaurusebi daemTxveva

erTmaneTs, verc fonuri codna da verc samyaros xati. marTalia

dikensis dasaxelebuli nawarmoebi nawilobriv gamWvirvale iqneba

64 umberto ekos msgavsad, magram misgan gansxvavebiT, "Great Expectations"-Si

Txroba ufro gasagebia yvela kategoriis mkiTxvelisTvis. msmenel

subieqts ar moeTxoveba Zlieri winaswari Semzadeba, rom es nawarmoebi

waikiTxos. man Tavisuflad SeiZleba airCios igi da didi interesiTac

waikiTxos.

Carlz dikensis "Great Expectations"-is ganxilvisas calke

gamovyofdi komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategorias da vityodi, rom

komunikaciuroba marTlac efeqturia, miuxedavad imisa, rom

gamWvirvalobis kategoriis verc erTi faqtori ver ganxorcielda.

dikensi xom klasikosi mweralia da Cemi azriT, imsaxurebs imis Tqmas,

rom ara marto es nawarmoebi, aramed misi yvela nawarmoebi

komunikaciurobis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian efeqturia.

pragmatikul kategoriaTa meore qvesistemis Semdegi kategoriaa

eqspresiulobis kategoria. rogorc ukve aRvniSne wina TavebSi,

eqspresiulobis mizani, adresatze zemoqmedebaa. Tu metyveli subieqti

gamoxatavs raimesadmi subieqtur damokidebulebas, rac dikensis "Great

Expectations"-Si aSkarad xdeba, anu subieqti Tavad ganicdis yovelives,

rac mis irgvliv xdeba. igi TviTon ukavSirdeba im movlenebs, rac ki

xdeba. aseTi damokidebulebis gamoxatva komunikaciuri TvalsazrisiT,

efeqturia __ xolo efeqturia Tu adresanti Cafiqrebul zegavlenas

axdens; dikensi Tavisi nawarmoebiT zegavlenas marTlac axdens; am

SemTxvevaSi komunikaciuri efeqturoba emyareba ara marto adresantis

komunikaciur intencias, aramed mis mier samyaros im xatis

gaTvaliswinebasac, rac damaxasiaTebelia adresatisaTvis.

yovelive Tqmulidan gamomdinare, dikensis aRniSnuli nawarmoebi

aSkarad eqspresiulia.

Cemi naSromis III TavSi Cemi mizani iyo, umberto eko Semedarebina

Carlz dikensisTvis weris maneriTac da mimdinareobiTac da

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT dikensis "Great Expectations"-is

ganxilvis Semdeg am nawarmoebsa da umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"- s Soris msgavseba an gansxvaveba aRmomeCina.

65

metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebidan umberto ekos

"Foucault's Pendulum"-is msgavsad, lokaciis kategoria garkveuli

cvlilebebiT xasiaTdeba (cvlilebebSi igulisxmeba lokaciis

kategoriis ori aspeqtis, temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebis

monacvleoba) Carlz dikensis "Great Expectations"-Si. modalobis

kategoria umberto ekosTan ufro aqtiurad aris mocemuli, vidre

Carlz dikensTan. emociurobis, Sefasebis da distanturobis

kategoriebi ki Carlz dikensTanac naTlad gvxvdeba da umberto

ekosTanac.

rogorc II TavSi aRvniSne, mxatvrul teqstSi metyvel subieqtTan

dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi arseboben da gvxvdebian

ganurCevlad mimdinareobisa; metyveli subieqti, ara aqvs mniSvneloba,

teqstSi moqmedeba adamianis cnobierebaSi xdeba, Tu saubrisas,

yovelTvis axdens raRacis Sefasebas da Tavis emociebsac gamoxatavs

xolme, pirdapir Tu ara, impliciturad mainc.

msmenel subieqtTan anu adresatTan dakavSirebuli

kategoriebidan, Carlz dikensTan informaciulobisa da

eqspresiulobis kategoriebis misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia,

gamWvirvaloba nawilobriv aris ganxorcielebuli; umberto ekosTan ki

yovelive damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis Tezaurussa da

fonur codnaze. zogierTisTvis misi nawarmoebi SeiZleba eqspresiulic

iyos, gamWvirvalec da informaciulic, an piriqiT.

66

Tavi IV

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva sagazeTo

statiis mixedviT

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis IV TavSi, teqstis pragmatikuli

kategoriebi minda, ganvixilo sagazeTo statiis mixedviT.

sagazeTo statia aRebuli maqvs britaneTis yoveldRiuri

gazeTidan "The Daily Telegraph", 2003 wlis 25 aprilis nomridan.

statiis saTauria:

"Britain's ‘complacent’ policy on Sars attacked as virus claims more victims".

vidre sakuTriv pragmatikuli kategoriebis am dasaxelebuli

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze gadavidode, minda, oriod sityva vTqva

saerTod statiis agebulebaze da metyveli subieqtis mier

gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebze.

statia Sedgeba abzacebisgan da es abzacebi qmnian teqsts.

TiToeuli abzaci erTmaneTTan Tematurad aris dakavSirebuli.

saerTod statiaSi metyveli subieqtis subieqturi azri ar unda

Candes. msmenelma subieqtma anu mkiTxvelma misi subieqturi azri ki ar

unda moisminos, aramed konkretuli movlenisa Tu faqtis Sesaxeb unda

miiRos garkveuli informacia, anu SeiZleba iTqvas, metyveli subieqtis

mizania raRac ambavi mogviTxros obieqturad.

statiis damwerma anu adresantma (metyvelma subieqtma) garkveuli

moTxovnebi unda gaiTvaliswinos. kerZod, man ar unda isaubros

sakuTar Tavze, unda axsovdes, rom is wers publikisTvis da ara

megobrebisTvis. misi azrebi saintereso mxolod maSin gaxdeba, Tu igi

maT naTlad ganixilavs, gasarTobad da saxalisod warmoadgens.

statiis damweri – metyveli subieqti – adresanti unda werdes

sainteresod. xalxi Jurnal-gazeTebs mosawyenad ar yidulobs. Tu misi

67 statia saintereso ar iqneba, publika mas ar waikiTxavs da mis

statiasac aRar dabeWdaven. imisaTvis rom is iyos saintereso, statiis

damwerma – adresantma – metyvelma subieqtma unda gaiTvaliswinos

Semdegi:

1. unda SearCios iseTi saTauri, rom mkiTxveli anu

adresati anu msmeneli subieqti miizidos. swored es aris

nebismieri statiis mizani. statia SeiZleba iyos

oficialuri (formaluri) anda ara oficialuri (ara

formaluri). es damokidebulia msmenel auditoriaze.

2. statia kargad, sainteresod unda iwyebodes, rom

mkiTxvelis yuradReba miiqcios. misi pirveli paragrafi

imdenad saintereso unda iyos, rom msmenelma subieqtma

misi wakiTxva moindomos.

3. unda gamoiyenos konkretuli faqtebi da saxeebi da ara

zogadi cnebebi da ganzogadebebi.

4. unda gamoiyenos saTanado da saintereso sityvebi da

gamoTqmebi, zedsarTavi saxelebisa da gamaZlierebeli

zmnizedebis CarTviT. iseTi gacveTili da primitiuli

sityvebi, rogorebicaa "nice", "good" "very" da a.S. statiaSi

metyvelma subieqtma ar unda gamoiyenos.

5. unda ganacvifros mkiTxveli – msmeneli subieqti –

adresati, unda Tqvas raRac axali.

6. unda icodes, rodis daasrulos statia da daasrulos

xarisxianad.

7. statiis damwers – metyvel subieqts – adresants unda

axsovdes, visTvis wers, vin aris im tipis Jurnalis an

68

gazeTis mkiTxveli, visTvisac is wers; ra asakisaa? ra

erovnebis? ra aris mkiTxvelisTvis im Temis Sesaxeb

cnobili, rac statiaSia mocemuli, risi axsna daWirdeba

mas.

8. statiis damwerma – metyvelma subieqtma – adresantma

unda icodes, ris miRwevas cdilobs is Tavisi statiis

daweriT; magaliTad is cdilobs, mkiTxveli – msmeneli

subieqti – adresati daarwmunos, raRac gaakeTos;

cdilobs, raRac Seatyobinos, urCios, gaarTos, Tu

yvelafer amis erTad gakeTebas cdilobs.

adresantis – metyveli subieqtis – statiis damweris

gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebTan erTad minda aseve gaCvenoT, Tu

rogori unda iyos statiis maketi: statias unda qondes saTauri da

unda iyos dawerili paragrafebiT. zogierTi Jurnalis an gazeTis

statia Seicavs instruqciebis mTel nusxas, rCevaTa nusxas, rac

grafikulad gamoxatvas, punqtebad Camoweras moiTxovs.

statiis damweri – adresanti – metyveli subieqti unda Seecados,

rom isaubros erTi Temis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, 250 sityvian statiaSi;

gaakeTos SeniSvnebi, Semdeg aucileblad erTi winadadebiT unda

Seajamos is, risi Tqmac unda. unda daweros gegma, romelic

dafuZnebuli iqneba am erT winadadebaze. statiis danarCeni nawili

axsnis da imis ilustrirebas gaakeTebs, risi Tqmac mas unda.

statiis damweri – metyveli subieqti – adresanti unda iyos

darwmunebuli imaSi, rom statia pasuxobs saTaurs da yvelaferi

statiaSi misi azris adekvaturia, mis mTavar azrs Seesabameba.

Tu Jurnali an gazeTi moiTxovs, rom statiaSi gamoyenebuli

unda iyos 250 sityva, adresantma ar unda daweros 500, aseT SemTxvevaSi

mis statias ar dabeWdaven; Seamowmeben, waikiTxaven statiis mxolod

naxevars da amisTvis adresanti daisjeba, SesaZloa mkacradac.

statiis damwerma – adresantma – metyvelma subieqtma Worebi da

varaudebi faqtebad ar unda warmoadginos. aseTi uyuradRebobiT mis

69 statias marto uRirsad, ara Rirebulad da ara zustad ki ar

CaTvlian, roca daibeWdeba, aramed ukanonodac. Ffaqti da Wori

adresantma ubralod erTi sityvis an frazis damatebiT unda

ganasxvaos. mag: the alleged murderer, the suspected Mafioso, I’ve heard it said

that…, there is a rumour that…, the minister is said to have / rumoured to have / supposed,

to have taken bribes.

statiis pirveli abzaci, an winadadeba anu Sesavali erT an

erTze met mizans emsaxureba:

• unda miizidos mkiTxvelis – metyveli subieqtis –

adresatis yuradReba da moandomos mas statiis bolomde

wakiTxva.

• gaagebinos mkiTxvels – adresants – metyvel subieqts, ris

Sesaxeb iqneba statia ( Tema).

• gaagebinos mkiTxvels – adresants – metyvel subieqts, ris

Tqmas apirebs statia (Sinaarsi).

• gaagebinos mkiTxvels – metyvel subieqts – adresants,

rogor iqneba statia organizebuli (struqtura).

statiis daskvnas iseTive mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc mis Sesavals.

cudma daskvnam SeiZleba gaafuWos yvelaferi. statiis daskvnis eqvs

ZiriTad saSualebas gTavazobT:

1) dabruneba dasawyisTan: daskvna axdens Sesavlis perifrazs.

2) mTeli statiis Sejameba.

3) SekiTxva.

70

4) citata.

5) gamosaxuleba / suraTi, rac dasasruls ganasaxierebs (mzis

Casvla, sikvdili), an raRac axlis dasawyiss (ganTiadi, axali

sicocxlis dabadeba).

6) patara winadadeba, rac mTel statiaSi ganviTarebul

movlenebze an dasasrulis mizanze migvaniSnebs.

daskvnaSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos Semdegi sityvebi: all in all,

then, to sum up… ( www.articles.com, 91.)

es, rac Seexeboda statiis agebulebas da metyveli subieqtis

gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebs, axla, ki Cems mier gasaanalizebel

statias warmogidgenT; jer vnaxoT, ramdenad amarTlebs igi zemoT

dasaxelebul moTxovnebs da Semdeg ganvixiloT igi pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT.

Cems mier gansaxilvelad aRebuli statia marTlac miiqcevs

adresatis yuradRebas; misi saTauri Zalian mimzidvelia ("cachy"):

"Britain's ‘complacent’ policy on Sars attacked as virus claims more victims". ("The

Daily Telegraph", 99.)

mkiTxveli anu adresanti saTauris wakiTxvisTanave moindomebs

statiis wakiTxvas. pirveli paragrafic sainteresod iwyeba:

"The Government's policy on Sars, the potentially fatal pneumonia virus, was

severely criticised yesterday as thousands of schoolchildren and students returned from the

Far East". ( "The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

yovelives wakiTxvis Semdeg mkiTxveli anu adresati Tavs ki ar

daanebebs kiTxvas, aramed Rrmad dainteresebuli dauyovnebliv

gaagrZelebs kiTxvas.

71

am statiaSi metyveli subieqtis subieqturi azric ar Cans. igi

obieqturad, yovelgvari emociis gareSe mogviTxrobs virusuli

pnevmoniis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnul statiaSi primitiuli da mosawyeni sityvebi

gamoyenebuli ar aris, igi savsea saintereso sityvebiTa da

gamoTqmebiT:

"to corral people', "immense allarm", "feeble", "complacent", da a. S. ( " The

Daily Telegraph", 99.)

rogorc davinaxeT, Cems mier amorCeuli statia savsebiT

amarTlebs zemoT dasaxelebul moTxovnebs.

axla ki minda, es statia jer metyvel subieqtze anu adresantze,

xolo Semdeg msmenel subieqtze anu adresatze orientirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganvixilo, radgan rogorc

viciT, komunikaciur aqtSi Cven gvyavs ara erTi subieqti, aramed ori:

metyveli subieqti anu adresanti da msmeneli subieqti anu adresati da

arseboben kategoriebi, romlebic metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian, da

kategoriebi, romlebic msmenel subieqts ukavSirdebian.

Tu gvsurs, komunikaciuri lingvistikis farglebSi gavaanalizoT

romelime enobrivi movlena da gavaanalizoT igi pragmatikulad da

pragmatikuli aqcentis dros aqcenti gavakeToT metyvel subieqtze,

maSin gasaanalizebel enobriv movlenas unda mivuyenoT Semdegi

kategoriebi:

lokaciis kategoria,

modalobis kategoria,

Sefasebis kategoria,

emociurobis kategoria,

72

distanturobis kategoria.

xuTive kategoriis gamoyeneba analizis dros, Tu mxolod

ramdenime maTganis, damokidebulia TviT gansaxilveli momentis

ragvarobaze, imaze Tu enobrivi sistemis romel dones ekuTvnis igi.

rac ufro maRalia es done, miT ufro SesaZlebelia, mivusadagoT mas

xuTive es kategoria. Tu teqstis analizs vaxdenT _ unda mivusadagoT

yvela es kategoria. magram Tu vaxdenT romelime leqsikuri erTeulis,

leqsemis an leqsemaTa jgufis analizs, Zneli iqneba mivusadagoT mas

lokaciis an modalobis kategoria, Tumca ara mxolod leqsikuri

erTeulis analizisasaa SeuZlebeli mTlianad yvela kategoriis

misadageba, teqstis stils da donesac gaaCnia.

minda aRvniSno, rom metyveli subieqtis sakiTxs sagazeTo

teqstSi, cota sxvagvarad unda mivudge. aRvniSnav, rom metyveli

subieqti am teqstSi piradad ar Cans, Txroba III pirSi mimdinareobs.

igi miTiTebulia statiis TavSi. Cemi azriT, am teqstSi gvaqvs erTi

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da ramdenime misi qve subieqti. axla,

modiT gaverkveT, ras niSnavs Cems mier Semotanili termini ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtis qve subieqti?!

cnobilia, rom metyveli subieqti aris is, vinc Seqmna teqsti da

vinc piradadac aris CarTuli teqstSi. sagazeTo stilis teqstSi

ZiriTadma metyvelma subieqtma Seqmna anu dawera Cems mier

dasaxelebuli statia; misi saxeli miTiTebulia statiis TavSi, Celia

Hall ---- medical editor. sakuTriv teqstSi ki gamoyvanilia sxva subieqtebi,

romlebic icvlebian, swored amaT me vuwode mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtebi. TiToeuli maTgani piradad aris CarTuli am teqstSi da

Tavis Sefasebas axdens statiaSi aRniSnul pnevmoniis virusze.

SemiZlia, naTqvami sqemiTac warmovadgino:

73

yovelive Tqmulidan gamomdinare, minda, ganvixilo pragmatikuli

kategoriebi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare da

pragmatikuli kategoriebi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare. rogorc davinaxeT, gvaqvs erTi ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqti da masTan dakavSirebuli aTi misi qve subieqti.

Tavdapirvelad, sagazeTo statiis analizs, ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebiT daviwyeb;

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri temporaluri da

lokaluri, mxolod personaluri ar Cans teqstSi, Tumca igi arsebobs.

marTalia am kategoriis sami koordinatidan: me-aq-axla, Cven ar gvaqvs

arc sityva "me", arc e.w. "pirveli piri", magram es "me", rogorc

koordinati CarTulia mTel am teqstSi.

temporaluri aspeqti statiis pirvelive paragrafSi gvxvdeba:

"The Government's policy on Sars, the potentially fatal pneumonia virus, was

severely criticised yesterday…" ( " The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

xolo lokaluri aspeqts ki teqstis saTaurSive mivagnebT:

"Britain's ‘complacent’ policy on Sars attacked as virus claims more victims".

("The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

74

aSkaraa, rom moqmedeba britaneTSi xdeba. rogorc vnaxeT

lokaciis kategoria pirveli SemTxvevisaTvis amgvarad xorcieldeba.

rac Seexeba modalur kategorias isev da isev ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare, minda aRvniSno, rom sagazeTo teqsti am mxriv

sruliad gansxvavdeba im teqstebisgan, romlebic wina TavebSi

ganvixile. saerTod, erTmaneTisgan ganarCeven subieqtur da obieqtur

modalobas. wina TavebSi aRvniSne, rom obieqturi modaloba mxatvrul

teqsts ar axasiaTebs. sagazeTo teqsts ki im SemTxvevisTvis, romelsac

amjerad ganvixilav, swored obieqturi modaloba Seefereba. obieqturi

modaloba, es xom gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli situaciis damokidebulebaa

realobasTan. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtic Tavis gancdebsa da

emociebs statiaSi ar gamoxatavs. igi sruliad obieqturad asaxavs ama

Tu im movlenasa da faqts.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare ganvixilav

emociurobis, Sefasebis da distanturobis kategoriebsac. am

SemTxvevaSi emociurobis kategoria sagazeTo teqsts ar miesadageba,

radgan ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti anu wamyvani adresanti Tavis

emociebs statiaSi ar gamoxatavs.

verc Sefasebis kategorias mivusadagebdi am statias ZiriTadi

subieqtidan gamomdinare, radgan masSi igi imas ki ar gviCvenebs,

TviTon rogor afasebs teqstSi naxseneb pnevmoniis virusis Sesaxeb

gavrcelebul informacias, aramed mxolod gvatyobinebs am

informacias.

verc distanturobis kategorias ver mivusadagebdi, aRniSnuli

SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, am statias, radgan ZiriTadi subieqti

piradad araa CarTuli mocemul teqstSi.

axla ganvixiloT pragmatikuli kategoriebi ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare. am SemTxvevaSi lokaciis

kategoriis sami aspeqtidan personaluri aspeqtic Seicvleba;

TiToeuli maTgani piradad aris CarTuli teqstSi da Tavisi azri da

Sexedulebebi gaaCnia arsebuli situaciis mimarT. temporaluri

aspeqtic icvleba, mag:

75

“ The Government’s policy on Sars, the potentially fatal pneumonia virus, was

severely criticised yesterday as thousands of schoolchildren and students returned from the

Far East”. ( "The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

“ On Tuesday, the Department of Health advised people against travelling to

Toronto, Beijing and the Chinese province of Shanxi as well as to Hong Kong and

Guangdong in China but said that quarantining returning travellers from these places was

not necessary at present”. ( "The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

“ The position was fully supported by the British Medical Association yesterday

which warned against a public panic”. ("The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

lokaluri aspeqti ki ucvlelia. aRvniSnav, rom am sagazeTo

statiaSi gvaqvs sul, erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi

qve subieqti. minda, CamovTvalo isini:

1. The Government’s policy

2. The World Health organisation

3. Dr. Liam Fox

4. The Public Health Act

5. The Liberal Democrates

6. Prof. Sir Liam Donaldson

7. A spokesman

8. The Department of Health

9. Dr. Julie Hall

76

10. Dr. Evan Harris

es, rac Seexeboda im qve subieqtebs, romlebic me gamovyavi.

axla ki, gadavideT modalobis kategoriaze. ori saxis

modalobidan, am SemTxvevisTvis, subieqtur modalobas mivusadagebdi

am statias; SeiZleba iTqvas, am sagazeTo statiisadmi orive saxis

modalobis misadageba SeiZleba. subieqturs imitom mivusadagebdi, rom

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi TavianT damokidebulebas

gamoxataven teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT. obieqturs imitom

mivusadagebdi, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti Tavad ar aris

CarTuli teqstSi; masSi naCvenebia gamonaTqvamSi asaxuli situaciis

damokidebuleba realobasTan.

Sefasebisa da emociurobis kategoriebis miyeneba dasaxelebuli

sagazeTo statiisadmi, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan TiToeuli qve subieqti

Taviseburad afasebs teqstSi gamoxatul situacias. magaliTisTvis

moviyvan nawyvetebs teqstidan:

“ Dr. Fox accused the government of being "feeble", "complacent", and

"irresponsible and said that existing legal powers should be used”. ( "The Daily Telegraph",

99.)

“ A Spokesman for the Department of Health said that the system of notification

was cumbersome and old fashioned. “ Doctors now phone us or e-mail us and we get an

instant picture”. ( "The Daily Telegraph", 99.)

TiToeuli qve subieqtis mier movlenis SefasebaSi garkveuli

emocia devs; da, vinaidan emociebi ganyenebulad ar arseboben da isini

am qve subieqtebs axlavs, swored amitom vusadagebT emociurobis

kategorias am sagazeTo teqsts, meore SemTxvevis gaTvaliswinebiT.

swored ZiriTad metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare statiisadmi distanturobis kategoriis misadagebac

77 savsebiT SesaZlebelia. es qve subieqtebi xom piradad arian CarTuli

teqstSi.

yovelive zemoT Tqmuli mowmobs imas, rom sagazeTo teqstSi,

pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian,

unda ganvixiloT ar mxolod ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, aramed masze damokidebuli qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare.

rogorc Cans, Sedegi gansxvavebulia.

axla ki minda, dasaxelebuli sagazeTo statiis msmenel

subieqtze anu adresatze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT ganxilvaze gadavideT. cnobilia, rom adresantma unda

gaiTvaliswinos adresati, es ki sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturobis

safuZvelia. efeqturobis misaRwevad ki ar aris sakmarisi, rom

gamonaTqvami Seicavdes lokacias, modalobasa da a.S. gamonaTqvami unda

iyos informaciuli, eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale.

saerTod, nebismieri teqsti Tavis TavSi Seicavs

informaciulobas. gamonakliss ar warmoadgens dasaxelebuli statiac.

isic garkveuli informaciis matarebelia da amdenad, informaciulia.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT am tipis sagazeTo statia

SeiZleba iTqvas yvelaze gamWvirvalea, radgan masSi gamWvirvalobis

yvela faqtori aris mocemuli; teqstSi asaxuli referentuli

situacia SeiZleba iTqvas, erTnairia mTavari metyveli subieqtisTvis,

misi qve subieqtebisTvis da adresatisTvis; komunikaciuri situaciac

identuria; komunikantTa Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da samyaros

xatic emTxveva erTmaneTs. radgan yvela faqtori uklebliv aris

ganxorcielebuli sagazeTo teqstSi, igi absoluturad gamWvirvalea.

komunikaciuri efeqtic umaRles donezea miRweuli. metyvel subieqtsa

da msmenel subieqts Soris kavSiri aSkarad harmoniulia.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul sagazeTo

teqstSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti erwymis erTmaneTs.

adresanti sagazeTo statiis SemTxvevaSi Cafiqrebul zegavlenas

axdens; komunikaciuri efeqturobac emyareba ara marto mis

komunikaciur intencias, aramed mis mier samyaros im xatis adekvatur

gaTvaliswinebasac, romelic damaxasiaTebelia adresatisTvis.

78

rogorc vnaxeT, sagazeTo teqsti informaciuli, gamWvirvale da

eqspresiulia. am mxriv komunikaciac Zalze efeqturia.

79

Tavi V

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva

samecniero statiebis mixedviT

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis V TavSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi

minda, ganvixilo samecniero statiebis mixedviT.

am TavSi Cemi mizania, pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

samecniero statiebis sxvadasxva tipis ganxilva. avarCie istoriuli

samecniero statia, samecniero statia Sesrulebuli biologiis

sferoSi da samecniero statia Sesrulebuli literaturis dargSi.

vidre pragmatikuli kategoriebis am tipis statiebis mixedviT

ganxilvas daviwyebde, minda, saerTod samecniero statiis agebulebasa

da misi weris maneraze vTqva oriod sityva.

samecniero statiebi arc saidumloebebiT aRsavse moTxrobebia,

rac mkiTxvelebis – msmeneli subieqtebis – adresatebis gaocebas

iwvevs raRac aRmoCenebiT da arc yovel warmatebul Tu warumatebel

eqsperimentebze dawerili dRiurebi. samecniero statiebSi mTavari

aRmoCenebi statiis pirvelive nawilSi keTdeba. samecniero statiis

damweris an damwerebis – metyveli subieqtis an metyveli subieqtebis –

adresantis an adresantebis mizania, Tavisi an TavianTi aRmoCenebi

warmoadginos an warmoadginon da daarwmunos an daarwmunon

mkiTxvelebi – msmeneli subieqtebi – adresatebi monacemTa sworad

gadmocemaSi. mag, Jurnalis samecniero statiebi iyofa nawilebad;

aseTi statiebis TiToeul nawils specifikuri mizani aqvs. yvela

Jurnals aqvs egreTwodebuli “Sida stili” (“house style”). Msamecniero

statiebi, umetesad Jurnalis samecniero statiebi, unda Seicavdes

Semdegs:

• saTaurs ( title ): kargad SerCeuli saTauri kvlevis Sesaxeb

iZleva garkveul informacias. samecniero statiis SeqmnaSi

monawile yvela adamianis saxeli saTauris Semdeg unda

80

iyos Cveulebriv Camowerili. pirvelad saxeldebian is

mecnierebi, romlebmac saqmis umetesi nawili Seasrules;

bolos ki – sxvebi.

• reziumes ( abstract, summary ) : samecniero statiis am nawilSi

metyvelma subieqtma – adresantma eqsperimentuli sakiTxi,

zogadi meTodebi, mTavari aRmoCenebi da eqsperimentTa

mniSvneloba mokled unda aRweros. am nawilis limitia 250

sityva.

• Sesavals ( Introduction ) : samecniero statiis am nawilSi

mTavari eqsperimentuli sakiTxi da am sakiTxis Sesaxeb

arsebuli informacia aris warmodgenili. aseve

gamoyenebulia marTebuli da ukve cnobili citatebi,

romlebic statiis bolos Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawilSia

CamoTvlili. Sesavlis mizania, mkiTxvelebi – msmeneli

subieqtebi – adresatebi miaxvedros, ra aris samecniero

statiis SemqmnelTa – metyvel subieqtTa – adresantTa

hipoTeza da maTi kvlevis mizani.

• masalasa da meTodebs ( materials and methods ) : samecniero

statiis am nawilSi yoveli eqsperimentuli procedura da

reaqtivi ( reagenti ) sakmaod detalurad aris aRwerili

sxva mkvlevarTaTvis, raTa moaxdinon aRmoCenaTa

reproducireba. es nawili unda iyos zusti da sruli

imisaTvis, Tu unda moxdes aRmoCenaTa ratifikacia, raTa

SemdgomSi sxva mkvlevarTa mier gafarTovdes.

• Sedegebs ( results ) : samecniero statiis am nawilSi faqtebia

warmodgenili, rac sxva mecnierebs msjelobis saSualebas

aZlevs. aRmoCenebi aRwerilia sityvebiT da

ilustrirebulia ricxvebiTa da cxrilebiT. ricxvebi

81

faqtebis ufro advilad warmodgenisTvis gamoiyeneba; amas

moyveba axna-ganmartebebi, rasac “ legendebi “ ewodeba.

• diskusia / ganxilvas ( discussion ) : samecniero statiis am

nawilSi metyvelma subieqtebma – adresantebma SeiZleba,

warmoadginon raime modeli an idea, rac maTi azriT

yvelaze ukeT Seefereba maT mier aRweril faqtebs.

zogierTi Jurnali or nawils – Sedegebisa da diskusiis

nawils aerTianebs da erT nawilad warmoadgens. roca es

ori nawili calcalkea warmodgenili, msmeneli subieqti –

adresati – mkiTxveli advilad ganasxvavebs aRweril

faqtebsa da metyveli subieqtebis – adresantebis an

metyveli subieqtis anu adresantis mier am faqtebze

gamoTqmul azrs.

• Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawils ( references ) : mecnieruli

progresi arsebul codnasa da warsulSi Catarebul

aRmoCenebzea dafuZnebuli, rac nebismier axal naSromSi

citatebad aris moyvanili. citatebi erTadaa Tavmoyrili

samecniero statiis bolos. zogierTi Jurnali moiTxovs

citatebis anbanis mixedviT ganlagebas, zogierTi ki –

statiaSi gamoCenis rigis mixedviT.

(www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer, 98.)

es gaxldaT samecniero statiis formati, Tu rogor unda iyos is

agebuli da ramdeni nawilisgan unda Sedgebodes. minda, davsZino, rom

samecniero statiebis kiTxvisas erT-erT yvelaze did dabrkolebas

maTSi gamoyenebuli mecnieruli terminologia warmoadgens.

axla ki, rac Seexeba Cems mier gansaxilvelad arCeul samecniero

statiebs; jer vnaxoT, aris Tu ara zemoxsenebuli moTxovnebi maTSi

gaTvaliswinebuli da Semdeg, ganvixiloT isini pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT.

82

biologiis dargSi Sesrulebuli samecniero statia arCeuli

maqvs internet veb gverdidan :www.scientificarticles.com/

www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science

statiis saTauri metyvel subieqts – adresants sainteresod

SeurCevia. is kvlevis Sesaxeb garkveul informacias iZleva. statiis

saTauria :

“ Living longer: Science ”. (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science,

104.)

statiis Semqmnelis – adresantis – metyveli subieqtis saxelic

saTauris Semdeg aris miTiTebuli :

Joe Treen, September and October 2006.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

adresantis – metyveli subieqtis saxels mosdevs samecniero

statiis Semdegi nawili reziume. masSi marTlac mokled aris

aRwerili eqsperimentuli sakiTxi da ar aris darRveuli reziumes

sityvebis raodenobis limiti – 250 sityvaze meti araa gamoyenebuli;

dasaxelebuli samecniero statiis reziumes nawili 38 sityvisagan

Sedgeba:

“ In the last few years, researchers have made some amazing discoveries about how

and why we age. Here’s what they have learned and why we may be on the brink of truly

being able to extend life”. (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – Sesavali, Cemi azriT, am

dasaxelebul statiaSi aSkarad warmodgenilia. SesavalSi mkiTxveli –

msmeneli subieqti – adresati, mixvdeba, Tu razea saubari:

“ Ordinarily, no one would compare Edward Rondthaler to a naked mole rat. The

idea is preposterous. Ed is charming, gregarious man of many interests who writes songs

83 and children’s stories and a weekly letter to the editor for his newspaper in Croton-on-

Hudson, New York. Naked mole rats are bizarre East African rodents that live

underground in beelike colonies and, depending on your point of view, are ugly, hideously

ugly, or cute in the way bulldogs or Shar-Peis can be cute. But Ed and naked mole rats do,

in fact, have one thing incommon: longevity. Naked mole rats live ten times longer than

any other mammal their size – up to 30 years. Ed is 101”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

Maxla, rac Seexeba samecniero statiis Semdeg nawils, romelsac

masalisa da meTodebis nawili qvia, Cemi azriT, es nawilic mocemulia

am samecniero statiaSi. metyveli subieqti – adresanti sakmaod

detalurad aRwers masSi dasmul sakiTxs, Tu ra ganapirobebs

adamianis an cxovelis sicocxlis xangrZlivobas. magaliTisTvis

moviyvan nawyvetebs statiidan:

“ Ed is a perfect model. Like most of the 55,000 centenarians in the United States,

he comes from a long-lived family. His father and three of his grandparents all lived into

their 80s; his sister, Jane, is 91. a paragon of good living, he has never smoked, keeps his

weight down, and has avoided all but the occasional social drink his entire life. He never

formally exercised, but he did walk a hilly mile to and from the commuter train for 47

years. (He didn’t give up his typographic-design business until he was 83.)”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“ I think, a lot of living to 100 years old is due to luck”, says comparative biologist

Steven Austad, Ph.D., a leading longevity expert at the University of Texas Health Science

Center in San Antonio”. (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

es, rac Seexeboda samecniero statiis masalisa da meTodebis

nawils, Semdegi – Sedegebis nawilic, Cemi azriT, aSkarad mocemulia

am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi. masSi TvalnaTliv aris

warmodgenili sxvadasxva mecnierTa da mkvlevarTa kvlevis Sedegebi.

mag:

84

“Right now the message is that there seem to be lots of different ways to be long-

lived,” says biologist Austad. There is one way to be a long-lived mouse and another way to

be a long-lived bat and another way to be a long-lived python”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“For all the research, the best way to be a long-lived human like Ed Rondthaler

seems relatively uncomplicated: eat an antioxidant-rich diet, avoid obvious environmental

pollution such as cigarettes, get lots of exercise, and find ways to cope with stress. Some

would have you believe that the key to longevity is in a pill bottle, Sprott says. My view is

that it’s not there. All of those medicines and vitamins that are supposed to make you live a

long time are modern-day snake oil. The real key is diet and exercise. We don’t have

anything that comes out of a pill bottle that does a better job”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – diskusia/ganxilvis

nawilic, Cemi azriT mocemulia am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi.

metyveli subieqtebi – adresantebi aSkarad warmoadgenen TavianT

ideebs, rac maTi azriT yvelaze ukeT Seefereba maT mier aRweril

faqtebs. mag:

“ I think, a lot of living to 100 years old is due to luck”, says comparative biologist

Steven Austad, Ph.D., a leading longevity expert at the University of Texas Health Science

Center in San Antonio”. (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“ Right now the message is that there seem to be lots of different ways to be long-

lived,” says biologist Austad. There is one way to be a long-lived mouse and another way to

be a long-lived bat and another way to be a long-lived python”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“ For all the research, the best way to be a long-lived human like Ed Rondthaler

seems relatively uncomplicated: eat an antioxidant-rich diet, avoid obvious environmental

pollution such as cigarettes, get lots of exercise, and find ways to cope with stress. Some

would have you believe that the key to longevity is in a pill bottle, Sprott says. My view is

85 that it’s not there. All of those medicines and vitamins that are supposed to make you live a

long time are modern-day snake oil. The real key is diet and exercise. We don’t have

anything that comes out of a pill bottle that does a better job”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – Camotanili SeniSvnebis

nawili zemoT dasaxelebul statiaSi araa warmodgenili. am

samecniero statiis bolos aranairi SeniSvna araa mocemuli.

rogorc davinaxeT, Cems mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeul zemoT dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi Cems

mierve warmodgenil samecniero statiis yvela moTxovna araa

gaTvaliswinebuli, masSi samecniero statiis yvela nawilia

warmodgenili garda erTisa – Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawilisa.

Ees rac Seexeboda, biologiuri samecniero statiis agebulebas,

Cven davinaxeT akmayofilebda, Tu ara dasaxelebuli samecniero statia

samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebs; is nawilobriv

akmayofilebda.

axla ki gadavideT, aRniSnuli samecniero statiis pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze da vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciuli,

gamWvirvale da eqspresiulia am tipis samecniero statia, vgulisxmob,

biologiis dargSi Sesrulebul samecniero statias.

rogorc viciT, komunikaciur aqtSi Cven gvyavs ara erTi, aramed

ori subieqti: metyveli subieqti anu adresanti da msmeneli subieqti

anu adresati da rogorc ramdenjerme aRminiSnavs Cemi sadisertacio

naSromis msvlelobisas, arseboben metyvel subieqtTan anu

adresantTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi da msmenel

subieqtTan anu adresatTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi.

swored amitom, zemoT dasaxelebul samecniero statias jer metyveli

subieqtTan, xolo Semdeg, msmenel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganvixilav.

sagazeTo statiis msgavsad am samecniero statiaSic gvaqvs erTi

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da ramdenime misi qve subieqti.

86

ZiriTadma metyvelma suqieqtma Seqmna teqsti, is miTiTebulia

statiis TavSi, Joe Treen, Txroba III pirSi mimdinareobs, sakuTriv

teqstSi ki gamoyvanilni arian kidev sxva subieqtebi, romelTac me qve

subieqtebi vuwode, TiToeuli maTgani piradad aris CarTuli am

teqstSi da Tavis azrs gamoxatavs, Tavis kvlevis Sedegebs gvamcnobs

statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze, ra ganapirobebs adamianis an cxovelis

didxans sicocxles. sagazeTo statiis msgavsad am samecniero

statiaSic SemiZlia naTqvami sqemiTac warmovadgino:

vinaidan am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSic, sagazeTo

statiis msgavsad, erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi qve

subieqtia, pragmatikuli kategoriebs jer ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare ganvixilav da Semdeg misi qve subieqtebidan –

gamomdinare.

zemoT dasaxelebuli samecniero statiis analizs ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebiT daviwyeb.

87

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, temporaluri

da lokaluri, personaluri aspeqti teqstSi Cans, marTalia ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqti mesame pirSi mogviTxrobs, magram igi CarTulia

mTel teqstSi da mTel teqsts gasdevs. swored ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqti iwyebs Txrobas da msmenel subieqtebs, anu adresatebs

garkveul warmodgenas uqmnis statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze – sicocxlis

xangrZlivobaze. mag:

“ Ordinarily, no one would compare Edward Rondthaler to a naked mole rat. The

idea is preposterous. Ed is charming, gregarious man of many interests who writes songs

and children’s stories and a weekly letter to the editor for his newspaper in Croton-on-

Hudson, New York. Naked mole rats are bizarre East African rodents that live

underground in beelike colonies and, depending on your point of view, are ugly, hideously

ugly, or cute in the way bulldogs or Shar-Peis can be cute. But Ed and naked mole rats do,

in fact, have one thing in common: longevity. Naked mole rats live ten times longer than

any other mammal their size – up to 30 years. Ed is 101.”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

rac Seexeba lokaciis kategoriis meore – temporalur aspeqts

isev da isev ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am

dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi is aSkarad TvalnaTliv aris

warmodgenili. is statiis saTauris qvemoT gvxvdeba:

By Joe Treen, September & October 2006.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

rogorc davinaxeT, lokaciis kategoriis temporaluri aspeqti

am samecniero statiaSi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare

saTauris Semdeg gvxvdeba.

rac Seexeba, lokalur aspeqts ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, is Cemi azriT am samecniero statiaSi warmodgenili araa.

anu SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi

lokaciis kategoriis mxolod ori aspeqtia warmodgenili –

88 personaluri da temporaluri. Llokaluri aspeqti am SemTxvevisaTvis,

masSi warmodgenili araa.

modalobis kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT isev ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare, vityodi, rom sagazeTo statiis msgavsad, am

samecniero statiasac, swored obieqturi modaloba Seefereba. wina

TavebSi aRvniSne, rom obieqturi modaloba mxatvrul teqts ar

axasiaTebs. obieqturi modaloba, es xom teqstSi asaxuli situaciis

damokidebulebaa realobasTan. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, Cemi azriT,

Tavis gancdebsa da emociebs winamdebare statiaSi ar gamoxatavs. igi

sruliad obieqturad adarebs erTmaneTs adamiansa da cxovels, maT

Soris gansxvavebasac me vTvli, rom zomierad obieqturad

warmogvidgens. mag:

“ Ordinarily, no one would compare Edward Rondthaler to a naked mole rat. The

idea is preposterous. Ed is charming, gregarious man of many interests who writes songs

and children’s stories and a weekly letter to the editor for his newspaper in Croton-on-

Hudson, New York. Naked mole rats are bizarre East African rodents that live

underground in beelike colonies and, depending on your point of view, are ugly, hideously

ugly, or cute in the way bulldogs or Shar-Peis can be cute. But Ed and naked mole rats do,

in fact, have one thing in common: longevity. Naked mole rats live ten times longer than

any other mammal their size – up to 30 years. Ed is 101.”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare ganvixilav

emociurobis, Sefasebisa da distanturobis kategoriebsac. am

SemTxvevaSi emociurobis kategoria am dasaxelebul samecniero

statias ar miesadageba, radgan ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti anu

wamyvani adresanti Tavis emociebis gamoxatvisagan statiaSi Tavs

ikavebs da, Cemi azriT, sakmaod obieqturad miyavs Txroba, msmenel

subieqtebs anu adresatebs statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze – sicocxlis

xangrZlivobaze, anu imaze, Tu ra ganapirobebs adamianis an cxovelis

didxans sicocxles, uqmnis garkveul warmodgenas.

89

verc Sefasebis kategorias mivusadagebdi am samecniero statias

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, radgan masSi igi imas ki

ar gviCvenebs, TviTon rogor afasebs teqstSi dasmul sakiTxs, aramed

patara Sesavals ukeTebs statias da Semdeg sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa da

mecnierTa kvlevis Sedegebsa da azrebs warmogvidgens.

rac Seexeba distanturobis kategorias, Cemi azriT, ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am kategoriis misadageba

dasaxelebuli samecniero statiisadmi savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti anu adresanti piradadaa CarTuli teqstSi.

axla ki, ganvixiloT pragmatikuli kategoriebi ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare. am SemTxvevaSi

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan personaluri da temporaluri

aspeqtebi Seicvleba, xolo lokaluri aspeqti ki am SemTxvevaSic ar

gvaqvs warmodgenili. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis TiToeuli qve

subieqti piradad aris CarTuli teqstSi da Tavisi azri da

Sexedulebebi gaaCnia teqstSi dasmul sakiTxze. rogorc zemoT

aRvniSne, gvaqvs erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi qve

subieqti:

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtia am statiis Semqmneli Joe Treen

misi qve subieqtebi ki arian:

1. Cynthia Kenyon – a leading biologist, Ph.D., of the University of

California at San Francisco.

2. Nir Barzilai, M. D., director of the Institute for aging Research at the

Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.

3. Richard Sprott, Ph.D., executive director of the Ellison Medical

Foundation.

4. Dellara Terry, M.D., associate director of the New England Centenarian

Study.

90

5. Peter Medawar, a British scientist.

6. Daniel Promislow, Ph.D., of the University of Georgia.

7. Steven Austad, a comparative biologist, Ph.D., a leading longevity expert

at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio.

8. Leonard Hayflick, Ph.D., an anatomy professor at the University of

California at San Francisco.

9. Rochelle Buffenstein, Ph.D., a City of New York biologist.

10. David Sinclair, Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

es, rac Seexeboda ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebs,

rogorc vxedavT lokaciis kategoriis personaluri aspeqti am

SemTxvevaSi aSkara cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba. igive iTqmis lokaciis

kategoriis temporaluri aspeqtzec, is teqstSi icvleba. mag;

“… A little Bit of Dizzy Done it All, which he is apt to sing at the drop of a hat. His

many pun-filled songs are part of his cheery, positive outlook, one he maintains even

though he clearly misses Dorothy, his wife of 72 years, who died in 2002 at age 97.”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“… Another is his independence: he still drives, and he resides in the log home on

the Croton River that he and “Dot” bought in 1942.”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“ Back in 1962, Leonard Hayflick, Ph.D., an anatomy professor at the University of

California at San Francisco, demonstrated that cells have their own biological clock, one

91 that ticks off the days of their life span.”

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“ It was originally put forth in 1952 by Nobel Prize winner Peter Medawar, a British

scientist who argued that natural selection – sometimes called survival of the fittest – fails

when it comes to longevity.” (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

rogorc davinaxeT, lokaciis kategoriis temporaluri aspeqti

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare aSkara

cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba. xolo lokaluri aspeqti ki, rogorc zemoT

aRvniSne am SemTxvevaSic ar gaqvs warmodgenili.

axla ki, gadavideT modalobis kategoriaze; ori saxis

modalobidan, am SemTxvevisaTvis, subieqtur modalobas mivusadagebdi

am samecniero statias; SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sagazeTo statiis msgavsad

am samecniero statiisadmi orive saxis modalobis misadagebaa

SesaZlebeli. subieqturs imitom mivusadagebdi, rom ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis qve subieqtebi TavianT damokidebulebas gamoxataven teqstSi

asaxuli situaciis mimarT. obieqturs ki imitom mivusadagebdi, rom

miuxedavad imisa, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti Tavadac CarTulia

teqstSi, is Tavis emociebis gamoxatvisagan da garkveuli Sefasebebis

keTebisagan statiaSi Tavs ikavebs da, Cemi azriT, sakmaod obieqturad

miyavs Txroba, msmenel subieqtebs anu adresatebs statiaSi dasmul

sakiTxze – sicocxlis xangrZlivobaze, anu imaze, Tu ra ganapirobebs

adamianis an cxovelis didxans sicocxles, uqmnis garkveul

warmodgenas.

Sefasebis kategoriis misadageba dasaxelebuli samecniero

statiisadmi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare, Cemi azriT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan TiToeuli qve

subieqti Taviseburad afasebs teqstSi dasmul sakiTxs da am sakiTxze

Taviseburi Sexedulebebi da azrebi gaaCnia. magaliTisTvis moviyvan

nawyvetebs statiidan:

92

“ Longevity is really very highly heritable, says Nir Barzilai, M.D., director of the

Institute for Aging Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.

Which is not to say you can’t live to 105 if your parents or your grandparents died young”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“There is a difference between being familial and genetic”, says Dellara Terry,

M.D., associate director of the New England Centenarian Study. Family behaviours – such

as diet, smoking, and exercise – might contribute just as much as genes, she says. So

genetics is just one piece.” (www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“I think a lot of living to 100 years old is due to luck”, says comparative biologist

Steven Austad, Ph.D., a leading longevity expert at the University of Texas Health Science

Center in San Antnio. “You know, this free radical hits your DNA in this spot and that

doesn’t do anything, and it hits my DNA in another spot and gives me cancer”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“Naked mole rats are providing real insight into the aging process because they

seem to be doing so many things slightly differently”, says Rochelle Buffenstein, Ph.D., a

City College of New York biologist who has studied the rodents for years.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

“Some would have you believe that the key to longevity is in a pill bottle”, Sprott

says. “My view is that it’s not there. All of those medicines and vitamins that are supposed

to make you live a very long time are modern-day snake oil. The real key is diet and

exercise. We don’t have anything that comes out of a pill bottle that does a better job”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104.)

es, rac Seexeboda Sefasebis kategorias, emociurobis

kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT vityodi, rom samecniero statiisadmi am

kategoriis misadageba ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare, iseve rogorc ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare,

Cemi azriT SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom emociebi ganyenebulad

ar arseboben da isini yvela adamianSia, mainc ver mivuyenebdi am

93 kategorias dasaxelebul samecniero statias, imitom rom samecniero

statiebSi, Cemi azriT, kvlevis Sedegebia naCvenebi da faqtebis

demonstrireba xdeba yovelgvari emociebis gareSe.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare

samecniero statiisadmi Semdegi kategoriis – distanturobis

kategoriis misadageba, Cemi azriT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, imitom rom

es qve subieqtebi xom piradad arian CarTuli teqstSi.

yovelive zemoT Tqmuli mowmobs imas, rom dasaxelebul

samecniero statiaSi, iseve rogorc sagazeTo statiaSi, metyvel

subieqtTan anu adresantTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi

unda ganvixiloT ara mxolod ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, aramed misi qve subieqtebidan gamomdinarec.

axla ki minda, gadavideT msmenel subieqtze anu adresatze

orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis dasaxelebuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

cnobilia, rom sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturobis misaRwevad ar

aris sakmarisi, rom teqsti Seicavdes lokacias, modalobasa da a. S.

teqsti unda iyos informaciuli, eqspresiuli da gamWvirvale.

saerTod, nebismieri teqsti Tavis TavSi Secavs informaciulobas,

am mxriv samecniero statiis dasaxelebuli tipi – statia romelic

biologiis dargSia (sferoSia) Seqmnili, gamonakliss ar warmoadgens.

isic garkveulwilad informaciis matarebelia da amdenad,

informaciulad SeiZleba miviCnioT.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebuli samecniero statias

me gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi. ase imitom vfiqrob, rom masSi Cemi azriT,

gamWvirvalobis arcerTi faqtori araa mocemuli. kerZod, teqstSi

asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi ver iqneba mTavari

adresantis, misi qve subieqtebisaTvis da adresatisaTvis; verc

komunikaciuri situacia iqneba identuri maTTvis, verc komunikantTa

Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da samyaros xati ver daemTxveva

erTmaneTs; imitom rom TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva adgilas da

sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobs, maTi samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgili

veranairad ver iqneba msgavsi. minda isic aRvniSno, rom adresatTa

94 sxvadasxva tipi arsebobs, zogisTvis es samecniero statia SeiZleba

gasagebi iyos, zogisTvis absoluturad bundovani aRmoCndes, anu

imaTTvis, vinc biologiis sferoSi kargad ar arian Caxedulni

statiaSi aseTi terminebiT gajerebulma adgilebma SeiZleba maTi

dabneva gamoiwvios, Tumca statia informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT

aSkarad garkveuli informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba yvela tipis

mkiTxvelisTvis, magram gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me am tipis

samecniero statias gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti mTlad ver erwymis

erTmaneTs; SesaZloa adresanti Cafiqrebul zegavlenas axdens

adresatze, magram mTlad ver amowuravs dasmul sakiTxs, anu dasmul

sakiTxze erT amoxsnas ver poulobs; sakiTxi erTia: ra ganapirobebs

adamianis an cxovelis didxans sicocxles da pasuxi ki – mravali;

sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa kvlevis Sedegebia warmodgenili, magram

sabolood mainc iseTi STabeWdileba damrCa TiTqos problema mainc

srulad gadaWrili araa. anu yvela warmodgenili mkvlevari Tavis

azrs gvTavazobs da isini erT saerTo daskvnamde mainc ver midian. isev

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti askvnis sabolood, rom:

“For all the research, the best way to be a long-lived human like Ed Rondthaler

seems relatively uncomplicated: eat an antioxidant-rich diet, avoid obvious environmental

pollution such as cigarettes, get lots of exercise, and find ways to cope with stress”.

(www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104)

komunikaciuri efeqturoba ver emyareba verc adresantis

komunikaciur intencias da verc mis mier samyaros im xatis adekvatur

gaTvaliswinebas, romelic damaxasiaTebelia adresatisTvis. ase rom

dasaxelebuli samecniero statia ara eqspresiulia. Cemi kvlevidan

gamomdinare is mxolod informaciulia, ara eqspresiuli da

gaumWvirvale.

95

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

biologiuri samecniero statiaa, minda davamato, rom masSi aqcenti

ZiriTad metyvel subieqtze da mis qve subieqtebzea; Tumca ar uarvyof

im faqtsac, rom saerTod teqsti iqmneba imisTvis, rom viRacam

waikiTxos, anu yvela teqsts hyavs Tavisi adresati, xolo is, Tu

rogor arian pragmatikuli kategoriebi masSi warmodgenili, zemoT

TvalnaTliv gamovavline. am TavSi Cemi mizania, sxvadasxva tipis

samecniero statia pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganvixilo da

Semdeg movaxdino maTi Sedareba.

axla gadavideT Semdegi samecniero statiis ganxilvaze. esaa

istoriuli samecniero statia, romelic biologiuri samecniero

statiis msgavsad aseve interntidan maqvs arCeuli. veb gverdis

misamarTia: www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history. statiis

saTauria: “Women in the history of the Church”.

vidre am samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

ganxilvas daviwyebde, jer vnaxoT, aris Tu ara zemoxsenebuli

samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnebi masSi

warmodgenili da Semdeg, ganvixiloT is pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT.

Tavdapirvelad ki minda, aRvniSno, rom saerTod, istoriis

dargSi Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi, statia iqneba es, wigni, naxati, Tu

leqsi, garkveul istoriul faqtebs eyrdnoba. metyveli subieqtebi anu

statiis Semqmnelebi, am SemTxvevaSi istoriuli samecniero statiis

Semqmnelebi, sxvadasxva istoriuli literaturis gamoyenebiT qmnian

statias.

wina samecniero statiaSi, kerZod, biologiur samecniero

statiaSi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis mier statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze

sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa, anu rogorc me maT ganxilvisas vuwode,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtTa kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi

azrebia warmodgenili. Cem mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeul istoriul samecniero statiaSi ki, gvyavs

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, romelsac miyavs Txroba da sxvadasxva

religiur Tu istoriul wignebsa da samecniero statiebze dayrdnobiT

96 mogviTxrobs qalTa saqmianobaze da rolze eklesiis istoriaSi,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi, romelTa namuSevrebsac

igi iyenebs da kidev maTi qve subieqtebi, romlebic mTavari adresantis

qve subieqtTa wignebSi arian gamoyvanilni. am sakiTxze ufro

dawvrilebiT qvemoT visaubreb.

statia ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. metyveli subieqti anu

adresanti miTiTebulia saTauris qvemoT: William Weinrich..

gansaxilvelad arCeuli istoriuli samecniero statiis saTauri

sainteresod SeurCevia adresants anu metyvel subieqts. is statiaSi

warmodgenili sakiTxis Sesaxeb iZleva garkveul informacias. saTauri

aSkarad migvaxvedrebs, Tu razea saubari statiaSi. misi Semqmnelis

saxelic saTauris Semdegaa mocemuli. anu samecniero statiis pirveli

nawili winamdebare istoriul samecniero statiaSi naTlad

warmodgenilia.

meore – reziumes nawili samecniero statiis am tipSi

warmodgenili araa. statiaSi dasmuli sakiTxi statiis dawyebamde

mokled araa mocemuli.

mesame nawili – Sesavali am istoriul samecniero statias aqvs.

adresanti mkiTxvelebs anu adresatebs statiaSi dasmuli sakiTxis

Sesaxeb uqmnis garkveul warmodgenas. mag:

“ If it was once true that women were a neglected factor in church history, that

imbalance is quickly being rectified. There is a spate of recent books on the history of

women in the church that chronicle their institutions, their influence, and their

contributions…” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105.)

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – masalisa da meTodebis

nawili aseve warmodgenilia am dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero

statiaSi. adresanti asaxelebs im masalas, romelic gamoyenebuli aqvs

masSi. mag:

“…From within evangelical circles, the most important contribution to the history

of women in the church is Daughters of the Church, by Ruth A. Tucker and Walter Liefeld.

97 This book offers historical vignettes about women who have in one way or another

exercised active, public leadership roles in the centuries of the church’s past…They have

amassed a considerable amount of material so that their book can nicely serve as a kind of

women’s “Who’s who in Church History”.

(www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. )

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawilebidan – Sedegebis nawili,

diskusiis nawili da Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawili, Cemi azriT,

mxolod Sedegebis nawilia warmodgenili, masSi uamravi istoriuli

faqtia mocemuli, amis dasadastureblad moviyvan nawyvetebs statiidan:

“ In Germany the deaconess trained primarily as a nurse and only secondarily as a

teacher. The model for this nurse-deacnones was the deaconess home at Kaiserwerth begun

in the 1830s by a Lutheran pastor, Theodore Fliedner. Its focus was the care of the sick

poor, the orphan, discharged women prisoners, and the mentally ill. Other deaconess

training schools on the Kaiserwerth model began all over Germany, such as that in

Neuendetteisau in 1854, but the success of Fliedner’s enterprise was measured in

international terms. By the mid-nineteenth century, Kaiserwerth nurses and teachers were

staffing hospitals and schools in America, Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, Jerusalem,

Bucharest, and Florence.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history,

105. )

“Throughout the history of the church thousands of dedicated women have carried

on the tradition of prayer, Christian charity, and care begun in the early church by the

widow and deaconess.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. )

“In the nineteenth century, hymn writing by women came into its own. Anna

Laetitia Barbauld (1743-1825) wrote hymns on Prose for children, which was popular for

many years and was translated into French, Spanish, and Italian. “Praise to God, Immortal

Praise” is on of her best-known hymns. Charlotte Elliot (1789-1871) wrote around 150

hymns, including “Just As I Am.” Sarah Adams (1805-1848) wrote “Nearer, My God, to

Thee.” But in addition to her hymns Adams wrote also Vivia perpetua, a dramatic poem

about the conflict between paganism and Christianity, and The Flock at the Fountain, a

98 catechism and hymnbook for choldren. Cecil Frances Alexander (1823-1895) wrote around

four hundred hymns, mostly for children. Among her most beloved hymns are “There is a

Green Hill Far Away”, “Once in Royal David’s City”, and “Jesus Calls Us O’er the

Tumult.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. )

danarCeni ori nawili – diskusiisa da Camotanili SeniSvnebis

nawili, vTvli rom imitom araa warmodgenili, rom Cemi azriT,

istoriul samecniero statiaSi istoriuli faqtebis warmodgena

ufroa mniSvnelovani da ara maTi ganxilva, imis aRniSvna, kargi iyo

esa Tu is faqti rom moxda, Tu ara; Camotanili SeniSvnebic am

dasaxelebul statiaSi arc TavSi gvxvdeba da arc boloSi. rogorc

davinaxeT samecniero statiis formati iseve rogorc biologiur

samecniero statiaSi, istoriul samecniero statiaSic darRveulia,

masSi samecniero statiis yvela nawili araa warmodgenili.

es, rac Seexeboda zogadad istoriuli samecniero statiis

agebulebas, axla ki, gadavideT misi pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT ganxilvaze da vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciuli, eqspresiuli

da gamWvirvalea am tipis samecniero statia, vgulisxmob, istoriul

samecniero statias.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, am dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero

statiaSi gvyavs mTavari metyveli subieqti, is vinc Seqmna statia, misi

qve subieqtebi, romelTa namuSevrebsac iyenebs ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqti da kidev maTi qve subieqtebi, romlebic am meorad metyvel

subieqtTa wignebSi arian gamoyvanilni. aqedan gamomdinare, am

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statias jer ZiriTad metyvel

subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

ganvixilav, Semdeg mis qve subieqtebTan dakavSirebul pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT da bolos, am qve subieqtebis qve subieqtebis

mixedviT. adresantTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis

istoriuli samecniero statiis mixedviT ganxilvas rom movrCebi, mere

gadaval adresatTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis amave

tipis statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

99

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare dasaxelebul

istoriul samecniero statiaSi lokaciis kategoriis personaluri

aspeqti aSkarad mocemulia, is statiis dawyebamde, saTauris qvemoT

gvxvdeba: William Weinrich. mas miyavs Txroba, Tumca mTavari adresanti

pirvel pirSi ar saubrobs. Txroba III pirSi mimdinareobs da igi

statiaSi mis mierve warmodgenil Temaze – qalebi eklesiis istoriaSi,

istoriuli faqtebis moSveliebiT mogviTxrobs.

pirveli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, lokaciis kategoriis

temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebi am dasaxelebul statiaSi araa

mocemuli, arc is Cans, Tu sad dawera es statia mTavarma adresantma

da arc is Tu rodis dawera. aqedan gamomdinare, vinaidan lokaciis

kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, temporaluri da lokaluri,

mxolod personaluria mocemuli, isic ara pirdapir, SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom es kategoria mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare srulad araa

warmodgenili am dasaxelebul statiaSi.

pirveli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, arc emociurobis da arc

distanturobis kategoriebi araa warmodgenili am dasaxelebul

samecniero statiaSi. emociurobis kategoria imitom araa

warmodgenili, rom es statia istoriulia da masSi ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis aranairi emocia ar Cans, is ubralod istoriuli faqtebis

demonstrirebas axdens. distanturobis kategoria imitom araa

warmodgenili am statiaSi, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradad

araa CarTuli im faqtebSi rasac is gadmogvcems, is ubralod

mogviTxrobs qalebze eklesiis istoriaSi da im dros gadmogvcems,

rodesac is arc dabadebuli iqneboda da verc piradad miiRebda

monawileobas statiaSi aRweril istoriul faqtebSi.

rac Seexeba Sefasebis kategorias, isev da isev ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, vityodi rom is warmodgenilia am

dasaxelebul statiaSi, imitom rom statiis SesavalSi mTavari

adresanti im masalis warmodgenisas, romelic eklesiis istoriaSi

qalebis rolze mogviTxrobs, axdens garkveul Sefasebas, romeli

ufro ukeT gadmogvcems am sakiTxs da sxvebTan SedarebiT

100 upiratesobas Ruth A. Tucker-isa da Walter Liefeld-is wigns “The Daughters of the

Church”-s aniWebs. mag:

“...As typical examples one may mention the three-volume collection of scholarly

essays, Women & Religion in America, edited by Rosemary Ruether and Rosemary Keller,

and the monograph Holy Women in Twelfth-Century England, by Sharon K. Elkins. There

is little doubt that such scholarship is making a significant contribution to our

understanding of the church’s past and, specifically, of the place and importance of women

in it.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105.)

“…From within evangelical circles, the most important contribution to the history

of women in the church is Daughters of the Church, by Ruth A. Tucker and Walter Liefeld.

This book offers historical vignettes about women who have in one way or another

exercised active, public leadership roles in the centuries of the church’s past. While striving

to be objective, Tucker and Liefeld nevertheless exhibit a predilection for feminist

interpretations of the evidence. Yet, that aside, they have amassed a considerable amount of

material so that their book can nicely serve as a kind of women’s “Who’s who in Church

History”. ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. )

mTavari metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, ori saxis modalobis

kategoriidan, subieqturidan da obieqturidan, dasaxelebul statias

obieqturs mivusadagebdi, imitom rom masSi mTavari adresantis piradi

azri Tavisive statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze araa gamoTqmuli im mizeziT,

rom statia istoriulia da masSi misi damweris piradi azrebi ki ara,

faqtebia mTavari.

es, rac Seexeboda mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilvas istoriuli samecniero statiis

mixedviT; davinaxeT, rom am SemTxvevisaTvis mxolod modalobisa da

Sefasebis kategoriebia warmodgenili. axla ganvixiloT igive

kategoriebi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare.

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi mTavari metyveli

subieqtis xuTi qve subieqtia: Rosemary Ruether, Rosemary Keller, Sharon K.

101 Elkins, Ruth Tucker da Walter Liefeld, romelTa istoriul naSromebsac

asaxelebs mTavari adresanti. amaTgan ori – Ruth Tucker da Walter Liefeld-i,

aqtiurad miviCnie, imitom rom swored maTi wignis mixedviT

mogviTxrobs ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti qalebis rolze eklesiis

istoriaSi. xolo danarCenebi – Rosemary Ruether, Rosemary Keller, Sharon K.

Elkins, ki – pasiurad, imitom rom mTavari adresanti maT ubralod

asaxelebs.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

maTTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan mxolod

modalobisa da lokaciis (isic ara srulad) aris mocemuli

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi. axla minda, davasabuTo

Tu ratom araa arc erTi maTTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli

kategoria garda modalobisa da lokaciisa, warmodgenili winamdebare

statiaSi; an lokaciis kategoriac ratomaa ara srulad mocemuli

masSi.

daviwyoT lokaciis kategoriiT, misi sami aspeqtidan:

personaluri, lokaluri da temporaluri, personaluris garda, isic

ara pirdapiraa mocemuli, arcerTi araa warmodgenili am statiaSi im

SemTxvevisaTvis romelsac axla ganvixilav. personaluri aspeqti

warmodgenilia am SemTxvevaSi ara pirdapir, Tumca ra Tqma unda,

arsebobs, magram TviTon ar Cans da piradad araa CarTuli teqstSi,

arc is Cans romel wels da sad Seqmnes am subieqtebma Ruth Tucker – ma

da Walter Liefeld – ma TavianTi wigni “The Daughters of the Church”. amitomac

mimaCnia, rom lokaciis kategoria srulad araa warmodgenili,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare am

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi, radgan am kategoriis

mxolod erTi aspeqti - personaluria mocemuli.

emociurobis da Sefasebis kategoriebi imitom araa am

SemTxvevisaTvis winamdebare statiaSi warmodgenili, rom mTavari

subieqtebis qve subieqtTa aranairi emocia da Sefaseba ar Cans maT

mier Seqmnil, statiaSi dasaxelebul wignSi.

102

distanturobis kategorias imitom ver mivusadagebdi am

dasaxelebul statias am SemTxvevisaTvis, rom mTavari adresantebis qve

subieqtebi piradad ar arian CarTuli TavianT wignSi. maT sxvadasxva

istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT Seqmnes TavianTi wigni, rogorc

saerTod xdeba xolme; nebismieri istoriuli wigni xom raRac

arsebuli masalis mixedviT iqmneba, avtori an avtorebi ra Tqma unda

Tavisebur interpretacias ukeTeben, magram istoriul faqtebs ver

Secvlian, SeiZleba ubralod lamazi eniT gadmogvcen saTqmeli; Tumca

isic minda aRvniSno, rom zogierT istoriuli wignebSi istoriuli

masala uzustod, mcdaradaa warmodgenili anu avtoris anu adresantis

mieraa Secvlili, amitomacaa rom sxvadasxva istoriuli faqti

sxvadasxva istoriul wignebSi sxvadasxvanairadaa gadmocemuli, xan

wlebSia xolme cvlilebebi Setanili. aseTi ram ra Tqma unda

dauSvebelia, magram amas Cveulebrivi mkiTxveli SeiZleba verc mixvdes,

imitom rom mkiTxvelisTvis, Cemi azriT, mTavaria wigni saintereso

iyos da misTvis lamazi da gasgebi, ubralo eniT iyos gadmocemuli.

istoriuli faqtebis ara zustad warmodgenas mkvlevarebi da am

dargis specialistebi Tu mixvdebian mravalwliani kvlevebis Sedegad

sxvadasxva utyuari wyaroebis gadamowmebiT.

rac Seexeba modalobis kategorias, am SemTxvevisaTvis ori saxis

modalobidan – obieqturidan da subieqturidan, obieqturs mivuyenebdi

am dasaxelebul statias, imitom rom masSi naxseneb wignSi, misi

Semqmnelebi obieqturad mogviTxroben istoriul faqtebs, romlebsac

Semdeg winamdebare statiis Semqmneli – mTavari adresanti iyenebs

Tavis statiaSi.

es, rac Seexeboda mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebTan

dakavSirebul pragmatikuli kategoriebis istoriuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvas, axla gadavideT am qve subieqtTa kidev qve

subieqtebTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis igive statiis

mixedviT ganxilvaze da Semdeg vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciuli,

eqspresiuli da gamWvirvalea winamdebare istoriuli samecniero

statia.

103

am dasaxelebul istoriul statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtebis kidev 44 qve subieqtia:

1. Olympias

2. Mary

3. A Lutheran pastor, Theodore Fliedner

4. Elizabeth Ferard

5. Kathleen Bliss

6. Mammaea

7. Marcella

8. Paula

9. Melania the Elder

10. Rufinus of Aquileia

11. Theodosia, the sister of Amphilocius of Iconium

12. Macrina

13. Lioba, the sister of Boniface

14. St. Boniface

15. Egeria

16. Proba

17. Eudoxia, the daughter of a pagan philosopher

18. St. Teresa of Avila

19. Anna Laetitia Barbauld

20. Charlotte Elliot

21. Sarah Adams

22. Cecil Frances Alexander

23. Frances R. Havergal

24. Dorothy F. Gurney

25. Julia C. Cory

26. Fanny J. Crosby

27. Dorothy L. Sayers

28. Corrie ten Boom

29. Blandina

30. Potamiaena

104

31. Abbess Hilda at the Council of Whitby

32. Abbess Aelffled at the Srnod of Nidd

33. Elizabeth Bayley Seton

34. Wibrandis Rosenblatt

35. Calvin

36. Marguerite of Navarre, the sister of King Francis I

37. Renee of Ferrara

38. Selina Hastings

39. Clara Swain

40. Mary Slessor

41. Widows

42. The Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus

43. Didaskalia Apostolorum

44. Tertullian

TiToeuli es qve subieqti piradad aris CarTuli am

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi; anu lokaciis

kategoriis personaluri aspeqti mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebis

kidev qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare aSkarad mocemulia masSi da

garkveuli cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba. amave kategoriis meore da mesame

– lokaluri da temporaluri aspeqtebic icvlebian am SemTxvevidan

gamomdinare. magaliTisTvis moviyvan nawyvetebs statiidan:

“ In Germany the deaconess trained primarily as a nurse and only secondarily as a

teacher. The model for this nurse-deacnones was the deaconess home at Kaiserwerth begun

in the 1830s by a Lutheran pastor, Theodore Fliedner. Its focus was the care of the sick

poor, the orphan, discharged women prisoners, and the mentally ill. Other deaconess

training schools on the Kaiserwerth model began all over Germany, such as that in

Neuendetteisau in 1854, but the success of Fliedner’s enterprise was measured in

international terms. By the mid-nineteenth century, Kaiserwerth nurses and teachers were

staffing hospitals and schools in America, Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, Jerusalem,

Bucharest, and Florence.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history,

105. )

105

“A different type was the Anglican deaconess, whose training was mostly

theological and pastoral. The inspiration for this female diaconate came from Elizabeth

Ferard, who-with six other women-founded the London Deaconess Institution in 1862.

Unlike the German deaconess, who worked largely independently of the church, the

Anglican deaconess was responsible to the bishop of the diocese in which she worked. Well

trained theologically, the Anglican deaconess worked in the parish or taught in school.”

(www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105.)

“In her 1952 report on the function and status of women in the member churches of

the World Council of Churches, Kathleen Bliss listed in addition to the deaconess these

types of women parish workers: (1) the trained lay parish worker whose duties might

include Sunday school and youth work, Bible study, home xisitation, hospital visiting,

preparation for confirmation, and social case work; (2) parish helpers; (3) directors of

religious education; (4) trained youth leaders; (5) church social workers; (6) Sunday school

organizers.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. )

“The love of reading the Scriptures and the Church Fathers led convents also to the

copying of manuscriots. In c. 735, St. Boniface wrote to Abbess Eadburga requesting that

she have a copy of the epistles of Peter made in letters of gold…”

(www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105.)

“In the nineteenth century, hymn writing by women came into its own. Anna

Laetitia Barbauld (1743-1825) wrote hymns on Prose for children, which was popular for

many years and was translated into French, Spanish, and Italian. “Praise to God, Immortal

Praise” is on of her best-known hymns. Charlotte Elliot (1789-1871) wrote around 150

hymns, including “Just As I Am.” Sarah Adams (1805-1848) wrote “Nearer, My God, to

Thee.” But in addition to her hymns Adams wrote also Vivia perpetua, a dramatic poem

about the conflict between paganism and Christianity, and The Flock at the Fountain, a

catechism and hymnbook for choldren. Cecil Frances Alexander (1823-1895) wrote around

four hundred hymns, mostly for children. Among her most beloved hymns are “There is a

Green Hill Far Away”, “Once in Royal David’s City”, and “Jesus Calls Us O’er the

Tumult.” ( www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105.)

106

rac Seexeba, emociurobisa da Sefasebis kategoriebs mTavari

adresantis qve subieqtebis kidev qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare, Cemi

azriT, arcerTi maTgani araa mocemuli am dasaxelebul istoriul

samecniero statiaSi. kidev erTxel minda aRvniSno, rom masSi da ara

mxolod masSi, saerTod istoriul statiebSi xdeba istoriuli

faqtebis dasaxeleba da aRwera, maTSi aranairi emocia da Sefaseba ar

SeiniSneba.

Ovinaidan da radganac ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtTa

qve subieqtebi piradad arian am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi

CarTulni, distanturobis kategoriis miyeneba am SemTxvevisaTvis

savsebiT SesaZlebelia.

ori saxis modalobidan – subieqturidan da obieqturidan,

aRniSnuli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, obieqturs mivuyenebdi am

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statias, radgan, Cemi azriT,

sakmaod obieqturad xdeba istoriuli faqtebisa da movlenebis

mkiTxvelebamde anu adresatebamde mitana.

es gaxldaT mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebis kidev qve

subieqtebTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva am

dasaxelebuli istoriuli samecniero statiis mixedviT.

axla minda gadavideT igive istoriuli samecniero statiis

msmenel subieqtebTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT ganxilvaze.

iseve rogorc yvela tipis teqsti Tavis TavSi Seicavs garkveul

informaciulobas, es istoriuli samecniero statiac ar warmoadgens

gamonakliss. is, ra Tqma unda garkveuli istoriuli informaciis

momwodebelia; anu samecniero statiis es tipi informaciulad

iTvleba.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebuli samecniero statias

me gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi. ase imitom vfiqrob, rom masSi Cemi azriT,

gamWvirvalobis arcerTi faqtori araa mocemuli. kerZod, teqstSi

asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi ver iqneba mTavari

adresantisaTvis, misi qve subieqtebisTvis, am qve subieqtTa kidev qve

subieqtebisTvis da adresatisTvis, verc komunikaciuri situacia iqneba

107 identuri maTTvis, verc komunikantTa Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da

samyaros xati ver daemTxveva erTmaneTs; imitom rom mTavari adresanti

iqneba, misi qve subieqtebi iqnebian, Tu kidev maTi qve subieqtebi an

adresatebi, TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva adgilas

moRvaweobs, erTnairi verc samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgili eqnebaT,

da verc erTsa da imave dros mouwevT moRvaweoba. minda isic aRvniSno,

rom adresatTa sxvadasxva tipi arsebobs, zogisTvis es samecniero

statia SeiZleba gasagebi iyos, zogisTvis absoluturad bundovani, an

cotaTi gaugebari aRmoCndes, anu imaTTvis, vinc istorias da religias

kargad ar icnoben, kargad ar arian Caxedulni istoriul an religiur

sakiTxebSi, statiaSi aseTi terminebiT gajerebulma adgilebma

SeiZleba maTi dabneva gamoiwvios, Tumca statia informaciulobis

TvalsazrisiT aSkarad garkveuli informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba

yvela tipis mkiTxvelisTvis, magram gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me

am tipis samecniero statias gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti Cemi azriT, erwymis

erTmaneTs; adresanti intenciur zegavlenas axdens adresatze.

statiaSi absoluturad amomwuravi informaciaa mocemuli qalebis

Sesaxeb eklesiis istoriaSi. mTavari metyveli subieqti mis mier

SerCeuli qve subieqtebis Ruth Tucker – isa da Walter Liefeld – is wignis

“The Daughters of the Church” mixedviT mogviTxrobs statiaSi mis mierve

dasmul sakiTxze. gamokvlevidan gamomdinare, winamdebare istoriuli

samecniero statia me eqspresiulad miviCnie.

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

istoriuli samecniero statiaa, minda davsZino, rom masSi aqcenti

ZiriTad metyvel subieqtze, mis qve subieqtebze da kidev maT qve

subieqtebzea da ra Tqma unda am statiaSi maTTan dakavSirebuli

kategoriebi sWarbobs, Tumca biologiuri samecniero statiisgan

gansxvavebiT, es istoriuli samecniero statia informaciuli,

gaumWvirvale da eqspresiulia, maSin rodesac biologiuri samecniero

statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da ara eqspresiulad miviCnie.

108

axla gadavideT mesame samecniero statiis ganxilvaze. esaa

literaturuli samecniero statia, romelic literaturul-mxatvrul

da sazogadoebriv-politikur Jurnal “ciskris” 1971 wlis 4 aprilis

nomridan amovarCie. es Jurnali qarTul enaze gamodioda da

Sesabamisad statiac qarTul enazea. esaa zviad gamsaxurdias

literaturuli samecniero statia saTauriT: “tradiciis gageba t. s.

eliotis SemoqmedebaSi”.

vidre am samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

ganxilvas daviwyebde, jer vnaxoT, aris Tu ara am Tavis dasawyisSi

naxsenebi samecniero statiisaTvis gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnebi

masSi warmodgenili da Semdeg, ganvixiloT is pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT.

Tavdapirvelad, minda Cemi azri SemogTavazoT literaturuli

samecniero statiebis Taobaze. Cemi azriT, literaturuli samecniero

statiebi samecnieroc aris da mxatvruli literaturis Janrsac

miekuTvneba, imitom rom maTSi ZiriTadad mxatvruli nawarmoebebi

ganixileba samecniero eniT. zemoT ganxilul sagazeTo statias,

biologiur da istoriul samecniero statiebs mxatvrul

literaturasTan araviTari kavSiri ar aqvT, xolo literaturuli

samecniero statia ki mxatvruli literaturis Janrs miekuTvneba. es

aris pirveli ZiriTadi gansxvaveba Cem naSromSi pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT gansaxilvelad arCeul statiebs Soris –

sagazeTo da samecniero; sakuTriv samecniero statiebs Soris.

axla ki minda, vnaxoT, ramdenad aris samecniero statiis

gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnebi am literaturul samecniero statiaSi

gaTvaliswinebuli.

samecniero statiis pirveli nawili – saTauris nawili am

winamdebare literaturul samecniero statiaSi aSkarad mocemulia.

misi saTauri adresants sainteresod SeurCevia, romelic kvlevis

Sesaxebac iZleva garkveul informacias. statiis saTaurs kidev

erTxel davasaxeleb:

“tradiciis gageba t. s. eliotis SemoqmedebaSi”.

109

statiis Semqmnelis anu adresantis saxeli saTauramdea

mocemuli. mis saxelsac kidev erTxel gavimeoreb: zviad gamsaxurdia.

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – reziumes nawili am

literaturul samecniero statiaSi araa warmodgenili.

Semdegi nawili – Sesavali am dasaxelebul statiaSi naTlad

aris mocemuli; misi kiTxvis dawyebisTanave adresati anu mkiTxveli

anu msmeneli subieqti maSinve mixvdeba Tu raze iqneba saubari masSi.

adresanti jer tomas sternz eliotze gvawvdis garkveul informacias,

xolo Semdeg gvamcnobs, Tu ras isaxavs misi naSromi miznad. mag:

“ tomas sternz elioti marTebulad miekuTvneba Tanamedrove epoqis

udides SemoqmedTa ricxvs. Znelia dasaxeleba Tanamedrove msoflioSi

iseTi poetisa, romlis SemoqmedebaSic esoden srulyofilad

arekliliyos axali civilizaciis, axali kulturis Taviseburebani.

misi poeturi memkvidreoba imdenad didia da imdenad rTuli, rom

momavalSi, albaT, Taobebis Sroma dasWirdeba misi koncepciebis

mravalmxriv gaSuqebas, misi geniis TaviseburebaTa gansazRvras, misi

poeturi enisa da diqciis Seswavlas...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 127).

“ winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs gansazRvros tradiciis roli

t. s. eliotis SemoqmedebaSi. agreTve mogvces daxasiaTeba Tavad

eliotis damokidebulebisa tradiciis gagebasTan, ramdenadac

eliotiseuli gageba tradiciisa Zireulad gansxvavdeba adrindeli

poetebis koncepciebisagan...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 127).

axla, rac Seexeba samecniero statiis Semdeg nawils – masalisa da

meTodebis nawils, Cemi azriT, am dasaxelebul literaturul

samecniero statiaSi es nawilic mocemulia, adresanti sakmaod kargad

msjelobs Tavis mier dasmul sakiTxze da sakmaod naTlad

warmogvidgens garkveul mosazrebebs. amis dasadastureblad da ufro

naTelsayofad moviyvan nawyvetebs sakuTriv statiidan:

110

“ upirveles yovlisa, eliotis azriT, ar arsebobs tradicia,

rogorc Zvelis, gardasuli Jamis kuTvnileba. poeti imdenad cocxlad

unda ganicdides tradicias, rom aqcios igi Tanamedroveobad. amiT

poeti Tavisufldeba droisagan, igi droze maRla dgeba da eziareba

udroobis, uJamobis SegrZnebas, romelic aris amave dros istoriis

WeSmariti SegrZneba. aqedan gamomdinare, mxolod pirobiTad SeiZleba

saubari “Zvelsa” da “axal” poeziaze. sinamdvileSi ki poeti unda

aRiqvamdes poeziis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapebs erT mTlianobaSi.

Mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi iqneba igi WeSmaritad Tanamedrove poeti”.

(“ciskari”, 106, gv 127).

“poeziis, gansakuTrebiT liriuli poeziis tradiciuli gageba

gulisxmobs subieqturi, personaluri emociebisa da ganwyobilebebis

poetur gadmocemas. eliotis gagebiT ki poetma unda miaRwios

impersonalurobas, e. i. pirovnebisagan ganTavisuflebas SemoqmedebaSi:

poeti aris metnaklebad srulyofili mediumi, romelsac gaaCnia

gansakuTrebuli, nairgvari, Tavisufali grZnobebi, remelTac igi

gvaZlevs axal-axal kombinaciebSi”. ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

samecniero statiis Semdegi – Sedegebis nawili, am dasaxelebul

literaturul samecniero statiaSi warmodgenili araa, imitom rom

sxvadasxva mecnierTa da mkvlevarTa aranairi azri araa masSi

mocemuli.

Semdegi – diskusia/ganxilvis nawili, me vfiqrob rom am

dasaxelebul statiaSi warmodgenilia. mimaCnia, rom ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqti – statiis Semqmneli da misi qve subieqtebic aSkarad

warmoadgenen TavianT ideebs. amis dasadastureblad moviyvan nawyvetebs

statiidan:

“ eliotis azriT, kritikosma swored tradiciis rolis gagebiT

unda dagvanaxos, Tu raSi mdgomareobs novatoroba ama Tu im poetisa.

111 amave dros kritikosi unda iyos RirebulebaTa didi gadamfasebeli,

Tavisi Taobis poziciebidan, ra Tqma unda.” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

“eliotis azriT, Cvens civilizaciaSi poeti unda iyos rTuli...”

(“ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

“...elioti garkveviT ambobs: poezia ar aris filosofiis, religiis

an Teologiis Semcvleli (Substitute); mas sakuTari funqcia aqvs. magram

ramdenadac es funqcia emocionaluria da ara inteleqtualuri, amitom

SeuZlebelia misi gadmocema inteleqtismieri terminologiiT”.

(“ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

samecniero statiis Semdegi nawili – Camotanili SeniSvnebis

nawilic warmodgenilia winamdebare statiaSi. SeniSvnebi yoveli

gverdis bolos aris mocemuli. maTSi dasaxelebulia is wigni da

gverdebi, saidanac mTavarma adresantma statiaSi gamoyenebuli

citatebi amokriba. Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawili asea warmodgenili:

T. S. Eliot-Selected Prose, London, 1955.

ix. T. S. Eliot-Selected Prose, p. 23-24.

T. S. Eliot-selected Prose, p. 23.

T. S. Eliot-Selected Prose, p. 45.

1. aq moyvanili leqsebis Targmanebi werilis avtors ekuTvnis.

2. poezia igivea, rac musika.

1. amasTan dakavSirebiT ix. agreTve Cveni werili enis sakiTxebze

(“ciskari”, 1968, #12).

112

2. Sd. Cleanth Brookes-Modern Poetry and Tradition.

1. mTvare aravisadmi ar malavs siZulvils.

(“ciskari”, 106).

mTel statiaSi, rac ki Camotanili SeniSvnebi iyo, yvela

warmovadgine TvalsaCinoebis mizniT.

rogorc davinaxeT, Cems mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeul zemoT dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi, Cems

mierve warmodgenili samecniero statiis yvela moTxovna araa

gaTvaliswinebuli; masSi samecniero statiis yvela nawilia

warmodgenili garda reziumesi da Sedegebis nawilisa; anu samecniero

statiis formati, biologiuri samecniero statiis msgavsad, am

winamdebare statiaSic darRveulia.

es, rac Seexeboda zogadad samecniero statiis agebulebas, Cven

davinaxeT, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebda dasaxelebuli literaturuli

samecniero statia samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebs;

davinaxeT, rom es moTxovnebi masSi darRveulia, srulad ar aris

gaTvaliswinebuli.

axla ki, gadavideT aRniSnuli samecniero statiis pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze da vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciuli,

gamWvirvale da eqspresiulia am tipis samecniero statia, vgulisxmob

literaturul samecniero statias.

am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi, Cemi azriT, gvyavs erTi

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, romelmac Seqmna winamdebare statia da

misi erTi qve subieqti, romelzec saubaria masSi.

winamdebare statiaSi mTavari adresanti aris zviad gamsaxurdia, man

dawera es statia, xolo misi qve subieqtia tomas sternz elioti,

romlis Semoqmedebasac mimoixilavs mTavari adresanti.

pragmatikul kategoriebs ganvixilav jer mTavari adresantidan

gamomdinare, xolo Semdeg misi qve subieqtidan gamomdinare.

113

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, lokaciis kategoriis

sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, lokaluri da temporaluri, mxolod

personaluria warmodgenili, Txroba xan pirvel pirSi mimdinareobs,

xan III pirSi da iTvleba, rom mTavari adresanti statiis bolomde

gasdevs teqsts da masSi Tavisi qve subieqtis ideebis garda

sakuTarsac warmogvidgens. yovelive amis ufro naTelsayofad moviyvan

nawyvetebs statiidan:

“ Cven gvaqvs tendencia, rom poetis qebisas SevCerdeT misi namuSevrs

im aspeqtebze, romlebiTac igi naklebad gvagonebs sxva poetebs. am

aspeqtebSi, misi naSromis am nawilebSi, Cven vcdilobT, vopovoT, Tu ra

aris masSi individualuri, raSi mdgomareobs sakuTriv misi arsi. Cven

kmayofilni vCerdebiT xolme im gansxvavebebze, romelnic arseboben

poetsa da mis winamorbedebs Soris, gansakuTrebiT mis uSualo

winamorbedebs Soris...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

“ ufro gvian Cven dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT poeti-metafizikosebis

SemoqmedebiT samyaros eliotTan mimarTebaSi, agreTve laforgs,

korbiers da sxvaTa, amJamad ki davukvirdeT metaforis evolucias

metafizikuri poeziidan modernizmamde. ganvixiloT, rogor viTardeba

tradicia eliotis SemoqmedebaSi, rogor hpoulobs igi TviTmyofad

gzas poetur metyvelebaSi”. ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 131).

“ upirveles yovlisa, cxadia, rom Tanamedrove poetebi ukve

sxvagvarad uyureben metaforas. maTTvis am ukanasknels ukve aRara aqvs

is mniSvneloba, rogoric mas hqonda, magaliTad, romantikul

poeziaSi”. ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 131).

isev da isev am SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, statiaSi arc is aris

naCvenebi sad da arc is, Tu rodis xdeba masSi warmodgenili

referentuli situacia.

114

modalobis kategoriis ori tipidan – subieqturi da obieqturi,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am dasaxelebul statias

subieqturs mivusadagebdi, imitom rom masSi mTavari adresantis

subieqturi azrebic naTlad aris warmodgenili. amis naTelsayofad

moviyvan nawyvetebs statiidan:

“ magram tradicia mxolod imaSi rodi mdgomareobs, rom erTi

Taoba agrZelebs winare Taobis gzas brma mimbaZvelobiT da

gaubedaobiT. “tradicias” swored am SemTxvevaSi waerTmeoda Zala. Cven

mravlad gvinaxavs amgvari patara nakadulebi, romelnic male

gauCunarebulan qviSaSi. ganmeorebas siaxle sjobs, tradicia ki ufro

farTo gagebis cnebaa...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

“ arsebobs literaturis orgvari istoria: erTi dawerili da

obieqturad arsebuli wignebis saxiT, xolo meore Cvens sulSi, Cvens

cnobierebaSi arsebuli. wyobas qmnis swored es ukanaskneli... “(

“ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

“... axal poeziaSi xdeba emociebis impersonaluri gardaqmna. es ki

imas niSnavs, rom JamierebasTan, empiriul, Tundac istoriul

sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebulma emociebma ufro da ufro unda

dauTmon adgili iseT emociebs, romelnic momdinareoben adamianis

Sinagani sulieri cxovrebidan. “gansakuTrebuli mediumi”, romelic

axdens “emociis transmutacias”, aris uSinaganesi arsi adamianisa,

romelzedac unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba. igi uJamobasTan ufro

axloa, vidre JamTan. Mxolod misi meSveobiT SeiZleba dadgindes

Jamieris mimarTeba uJamobasTan...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 130).

es iyo nawyvetebi moyvanili winamdebare statiidan, romlebic Cemi

azriT, naTlad gvaCveneben imas, rom mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare,

mas subieqturi modaloba Seefereba.

axla, rac Seexeba emociurobisa da Sefasebis kategoriebs isev da

isev ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am kategoriebs me

115 dasaxelebul statias mivusadagebdi, imitom rom mTavari metyveli

subieqti mTeli statiis farglebSi garkveul Sefasebebs axdens da

adamianis emociebzec Tavadve laparakobs. mag;

“ poeziis, gansakuTrebiT liriuli poeziis tradiciuli gageba

gulisxmobs subieqturi, personaluri emociebisa da ganwyobilebebis

poetur gadmocemas”... ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

“ Tavad enaSi SeiniSneba ori faqtori: erTi, romelic ukavSirdeba

mniSvnelobas da romliTac ena ekuTvnis Jamierebas, warmavlobas.

meores ki mivyavarT mniSvnelobis miRma, uJamobis elementisaken.

emociis impersonaluri gardaqmna mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ZaluZs

poets, Tu igi grZnobs am uJamobas enaSi, Tu igi ganixilavs enas,

rogorc uJamobis fenomens...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 130).

“ istoriuli SegrZneba, romelic imdenadvea uJamobis SegrZneba,

ramdenadac Jamierebis, aZlevs mwerals tradiciulobas”. ( “ciskari”,

106, gv 129).

mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare, distanturobis kategoriasac

mivusadagebdi am dasaxelebul literaturul samcniero statias,

imitom rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradadaa CarTuli teqstSi.

es, rac Seexeboda mTavar adresantTan dakavSirebul pragmatikul

kategoriebs, rogorc davinaxeT, am SemTxvevidan gamomdinare,

emociurobis, Sefasebis, distanturobis, modalobis kategoriebis

misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia dasaxelebuli literaturuli

samecniero statiisadmi, vinaidan lokaciis kategoriis marto erTi

aspeqtia warmodgenili, es kategoria, Cemi azriT, ara srulad aris

mocemuli winamdebare statiaSi.

axla, gadavideT mTavari adresantis qve subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis am literaturuli samecniero statiis

mixedviT ganxilvaze da Semdeg ki vnaxoT, ramdenad informaciuli,

gamWvirvale da eqspresiulia winamdebare statia.

116

winamdebare statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve subieqtad me tomas

sternz elioti miviCnie, imitom rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti

swored am mwerlis Semoqmedebas mimoixilavs da misi statiac miznad

isaxavs, gansazRvros tradiciis roli mis SemoqmedebaSi; agreTve

mogvces daxasiaTeba Tavad eliotis damokidebulebisa tradiciis

gagebasTan, ramdenadac eliotiseuli gageba tradiciisa Zireulad

gansxvavdeba adrindel poetTa koncepciebisagan.

mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare lokaciis am

dasaxelebuli statiisadmi misadageba, Cemi azriT, savsebiT

SesaZlebelia. am kategoriis sami aspeqtidan – personaluri,

lokaluri da temporaluri, mxolod personaluri da temporaluria

mocemuli da amitom lokaciis kategoria am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba

iTqvas nawilobriv aris warmodgenili. lokaciis kategoriis

personaluri aspeqti ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtidan

gamomdinare xan I pirSia warmodgenili, xan III- Si, mag:

“ me vgulisxmob, rom es aris principi esTetiuri da ara mxolod

istoriuli kriticizmisa...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 127).

“ eliotis azriT, poetis novatorobas mxolod maSin eqneba fasi,

Tu igi SesZlebs Tavad tradiciis novatorulad aRorZinebas”...

(“ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

“ eliotis azriT, Cvens civilizaciaSi poeti unda iyos rTuli”...

(“ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan – tomas sternz eliotidan

gamomdinare, am dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero statiaSi,

lokaciis kategoriis temporaluri aspeqtis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs is

faqti, rom elioti meoce saukuneSi daibada da am saukuneSive

moRvaweobda, misi namuSevrebi meoce saukuneSi Seiqmna; statiaSi

Tanamedrove epoqa – meoce saukune naxsenebia ara erTxel:

117

“ tomas strenz elioti marTebulad miekuTvneba Tanamedrove epoqis

udides SemoqmedTa ricxvs...” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 127).

“ XX saukuneSi Seiqmna mag. eliotis “oTxi kvarteti”... ( “ciskari”,

106, gv 128).

“ meoce saukunis adamiani ukve sxvagvarad aRiqvams “fausts”, magram

ara imis gamo, rom igi geografiulad ama Tu im qveyanaSi imyofeba, an

imitom, rom kalendarulad misi dabadeba XX saukuneSi moxda, aramed

imitom rom arsebobs meoce saukunis poezia da filosofia da mas

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi eqneba swori, Tanadrouli aRqma warsulis

memkvidreobisa, Tu igi organulad Seisisxlxorcebs Tanamedrove

kulturas, romelic hqmnis erT mTlian wyobas warsulis kulturasTan

erTad.” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

es, rac Seexeboda lokaciis kategorias mTavari adresantis – zviad

gamsaxurdias, qve subieqtis – tomas sternz eliotidan gamomdinare,

rogorc davinaxeT, es kategoria am SemTxvevaSic arasrulad aris

warmodgenili, imitom rom misi mxolod ori aspeqti – personaluri da

temporaluria mocemuli am dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero

statiaSi, lokaluri aspeqti am SemTxvevidan gamomdinare masSi

warmodgenili araa.

Sefasebisa da emociurobis kategoriebTan dakavSirebiT vityodi,

rom orive kategoria mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare

winamdebare statiaSi warmodgenilia. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqti – elioti msjelobs da garkveul Sefasebebs akeTebs mTavari

adresantis mier statiis saTaurSive dasmul sakiTxze – tradiciis

gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi:

“eliotis azriT, ar arsebobs tradicia, rogorc Zvelis, gardasuli

Jamis kuTvnileba. poeti imdenad cocxlad unda ganicdides tradicias,

118 rom aqcios igi Tanamedroveobad. amiT poeti Tavisufldeba droisagan,

igi droze maRla dgeba da eziareba udroobis, uJamobis SegrZnebas,

romelic aris amave dros istoriis WeSmariti SegrZneba”. ( “ciskari”,

106, gv 127).

“ eliotis azriT, kritikosma swored tradiciis rolis gagebiT

unda dagvanaxos, Tu raSi mdgomareobs novatoroba ama Tu im poetisa.

Amave dros kritikosi unda iyos RirebulebaTa didi gadamfasebeli,

Tavisi Taobis poziciebidan, ra Tqma unda.” ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128).

xolo rac Seexeba emociurobis kategorias, am dasaxelebul

literaturul samecniero statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtidan gamomdinare, aRvniSnav, rom elioti emociebis Tavisebur

gagebas warmogvidgens. mas miaCnia, rom axal poeziaSi unda moxdes

emociis impersonaluri gardaqmna, anu poetma unda miaRwios

impersonalurobas, e. i. pirovnebisgan ganTavisuflebas SemoqmedebaSi.

misi azriT, adrindel poeziaSi Warbad aris pirovnuli gancdebi,

axali poezia ki ufro da ufro unda cdilobdes impersonaluri

gaxados leqsis emociuri Sinaarsi; poetma ki ar unda Seqmnas axali

emociebi, aramed unda aiRos Cveulebrivi emociebi da gardahqmnas isini

poeziad. am gagebiT, poeti Tavis “pirovnebas” ki ar gadmoscems, aramed

im gansakuTrebul mediums, romelic dgas misi pirovnebis miRma da,

romelsac gaaCnia sruliad moulodneli kombinaciebi warmosaxvaTa da

gancdaTa... poeti ver miaRwevs impersonalurobas, Tavis Tavis daTmobis

gareSe, man unda Seswiros Tavisi pirovneba nawarmoebs, romelsac

hqmnis... (“ciskari”, 106).

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtis mixedviT dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero statiaSi

warmodgenil emociurobis kategorias, me marto emociurobisas ver

davarqmevdi; Cemi azriT ufro swori iqneba, Tu am SemTxvevisaTvis am

kategoriisTvis SemovitanT axal saxelwodebas: impersonaluri

emociurobis kategoria; elioti xom Tavadve ambobs:

119

“ xelovnebaSi emocia impersonaluria”. ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 129).

anu mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare, dasaxelebul

literaturul samecniero statias emociurobis kategoria ki ar

mivusadage, aramed impersonaluri emociurobis kategoria. Tu ras

niSnavs sityva impersonaluri zemoT ganvmarte da kidev erTxel

gavimeoreb, es aris pirovnebisagan ganTavisufleba SemoqmedebaSi, anu

poetma Tavis Tavi unda Seswiros nawarmoebs, romelsac hqmnis.

axla, gadavideT mTavari adresantis qve subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

Semdegi pragmatikuli kategoriebis dasaxelebuli samecniero statiis

mixedviT ganxilvaze. esenia: modalobis da distanturobis kategoriebi.

ori saxis modalobidan – subieqturidan da obieqturidan,

aRniSnuli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare winamdebare statias subieqtur

modalobas mivusadagebdi. ase imitom vfiqrob, rom mTavari adresantis

qve subieqti – tomas sternz elioti am dasaxelebul literaturul

samecniero statiaSi Tavis subieqtur azrebsa da Sexedulebebs

warmogvidgens ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis mier statiis saTaurSive

dasmul sakiTxze – tradiciis gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi.

sakuTari azris ufro naTlad warmosadgenad, magaliTisaTvis moviyvan

nawyvetebs sakuTriv statiidan:

“yovel Taobas, yovel individualobas xelovnebis Wvretisas

Semoaqvs sakuTari kategoriebi dafasebisa, xelovnebas uyenebs Tavis

sakuTar moTxovnebs, aqvs Taviseburi midgoma... amitom kritika iseve

aucilebalia, rogorc sunTqva”. ( “ciskari”, 106, gv 128)

am nawyvetSi, Cemi azriT, kargad Cans eliotis – mTavari adresantis

qve subieqtis subieqturi azri. SemogTavazebT kidev sxva nawyvets:

“poezia ar aris filosofiis, religiis an Teologiis Semcvleli

(Substitute); mas sakuTari funqcia aqvs. magram ramdenadac es funqcia

emocionaluria da ara inteleqtualuri, amitom SeuZlebelia misi

gadmocema inteleqtismieri terminologiiT”... (( “ciskari”, 106, gv 129)

120

Cemi azriT, es nawyvetic ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtis

– eliotis poeziisadmi misebur gagebaze, e. i. subieqtur Sexedulebaze

metyvelebs.

vinaidan da radganac, mTavari adresantis qve subieqti piradad aris

CarTuli winamdebare statiaSi mimdinare TxrobaSi, distanturobis

kategoriis misadmi misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia.

rogorc ganxilvidan davinaxeT, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan am

dasaxelebuli literaturuli samecniero statiisadmi SesaZlebelia

Semdegi kategoriebis misadageba: lokaciis (nawilobriv, imitom rom am

kategoriis samive aspeqti araa warmodgenili am SemTxvevisaTvis

winamdebare statiaSi), subieqturi modalobis, distanturobis da

Sefasebis; emociurobis kategorias cota sxvagvarad mivudeqi isev da

isev Tavad mTavari adresantis qve subieqtis emociurobaze

Sexedulebidan gamomdinare. am kategorias me marto emociurobis

nacvlad impersonaluri anu pirovnebis miRma emociurobis kategoria

vuwode imitom rom Tavad ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqts –

eliots, hqonda aseTi Sexeduleba emociurobaze winamdebare statiaSi.

mTavar adresantTan da mis qve subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis am dasaxelebuli literaturuli

samecniero statiis mixedviT ganxilvis Semdeg minda, gadavideT

msmenel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis igive

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT winamdebare samecniero statia

informaciulia, rogorc yvela tipis teqsti, is Tavis TavSi Seicavs

garkveul informacias, am SemTxvevaSi informacias eliotis

SemoqmedebaSi tradiciis gagebaze.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebul literaturul

samecniero statias, iseve rogorc zemoT ganxilul samcniero

statiebis or tips – biologiursa da istoriuls, aseve gaumWvirvaled

miviCnevdi. ase imitom vfiqrob, rom arc masSia gamWvirvalobis arc

erTi faqtori mocemuli; kerZod, teqstSi asaxuli referentuli

situacia erTnairi ver iqneba verc mTavari adresantisaTvis, verc misi

121 qve subieqtisaTvis, verc adresatisaTvis an adresatebisaTvis; verc

komunikaciuri situacia iqneba identuri maTTvis; verc komunikantTa

Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da samyaros xati ver daemTxveva

erTmaneTs; imitom rom mTavari adresanti iqneba, misi qve subieqtebi

iqnebian, Tu kidev maTi qve subieqtebi an adresatebi, TiToeuli maTgani

sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva adgilas moRvaweobs, erTnairi verc

samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgili eqnebaT, da verc erTsa da imave dros

mouwevT moRvaweoba. minda isic aRvniSno, rom adresatTa sxvadasxva

tipi arsebobs, iseve rogorc zemoT ganxilul samecniero statiebi, es

samecniero statiac zogisTvis SeiZleba gasagebi iyos, zogisTvis

cotaTi gaugebari aRmoCndes; anu imaTTvis, vinc eliotis Semoqmedebas

kargad ar icnoben, zogierTma adgilma SeiZleba, maTi dabneva

gamoiwvios; Tumca statia informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT aSkarad

garkveuli informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba yvela tipis

mkiTxvelisTvis, magram gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me am tipis

samecniero statiasac gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti Cemi azriT, erwymis

erTmaneTs; mTavari adresanti – statiis Semqmneli, intenciur

zegavlenas axdens adresatze. is statiaSi absoluturad daxvewilad

da Tanmimdevrulad msjelobs mis mierve dasmul sakiTxze, tradiciis

gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi; marTalia, eliotis Semoqmedebidan,

eliotis anu Tavisi qve subieqtis azrebs warmogvidgens, Tumca naTlad

axdens Semdeg Tavisi qve subieqtis naazrevis ganmartebas, raTa

mkiTxvelamde, anu adresatamde saTqmeli TvalsaCinod miitanos.

gamokvlevidan gamomdinare, winamdebare istoriuli samecniero statia,

iseve rogorc istoriuli samecniero statia, me eqspresiulad miviCnie.

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

literaturuli samecniero statiaa, minda davsZino, rom masSi aqcenti

ZiriTad metyvel subieqtze da mis qve subieqtzea da ra Tqma unda am

statiaSi maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi sWarbobs, Tumca

biologiur samecniero statiisgan gansxvavebiT da istoriuli

samecniero statiis msgavsad es literaturuli samecniero statia

122 informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da eqspresiulia, maSin rodesac

biologiuri samecniero statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da ara

eqspresiulad miviCnie.

minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom es literaturuli samecniero

statia mTavari metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare,

danarCeni ori samecniero statiisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom

emociurobis kategorias winamdebare statiaSi maTgan gansxvavebulad

mivudeqi; masSi impersonaluri (pirovnebis miRma) emociurobis

kategoriaa warmodgenili da ara mxolod emociurobis.

123

daskvna

Cemi sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda

pragmatikuli kategoriebis ganxilva iuridiul, mxatvrul

(postmodernistul da realistur), sagazeTo da samecniero teqstebis

mixedviT.

Gpragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganvixile ori saxis

iuridiuli teqsti: saqarTvelos konstitucia __ kanoni saxelmwifos

Sesaxeb (inglisuri versia) da kanoni saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiisa

da gazis Sesaxeb (aseve inglisuri versia), anu SeiZleba iTqvas

Sevadare isini erTmaneTs), mxatvruli (klasikos mweral, Carlz

dikensis nawarmoeb "Great Expactation"-idan xuTi Tavi, postmodernist

mweral, umberto ekos nawarmoeb "Foucault's Pendulum"- idan aRebuli

ori Tavi, maT Soris gansxvavebebis moZebniT), sagazeTo statia da

samecniero statiebi – istoriuli, biologiuri da literaturuli

(aseve maT Soris gansxvavebebis moZebniT) .

pirvel rigSi, gavmijne Tavad kategoriebi; gamovyavi

pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian

da pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic msmenel subieqts

ukavSirdebian. Semdeg daviwye zemoT aRniSnul teqstebSi am

kategoriebis prevalireba_naklebobis dadgena; imis kvleva, romeli

stilis teqsti aRmoCndeboda yvelaze informaciuli, eqspresiuli da

gamWvirvale (eseni xom im pragmatikul kategoriebs miekuTvnebian,

romlebic msmenel subieqtze arian orientirebulni); Cems naSromSi

yovelive amis ganxilvasa da axsna-ganmartebas Sevecade.

SesavalSi mTeli rigi masalis gamoyenebiT mivyevi

Tanmimdevrobas da Tavdapirvelad gavarkvie, Tu ra aris sintaqtika,

semantika da pragmatika; gavarkvie, Tu ra aris pragmatikuli kategoria,

anu romeli kategoriebi miekuTvnebian pragmatikas da Semdeg isini

ganvixile aRniSnuli teqstebis mixedviT. CavrTe sxvadasxva

lingvistTa ganmartebebi pragmatikis Taobaze.

124

Gganvmarte, rom yoveli mecniereba an mecnierebis calkeuli

dargi arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac mas gaaCnia sakuTari

kategoriaruli aparati. komunikaciuri modelis Seqmnasa da

konstituirebaSi komunikaciuri aqtis komponentebTan erTad

(adresanti, adresati, referenciuli situacia da a.S. ) monawileobs

enis sistema, xolo mTeli enobrivi sistemis gansaxierebad unda

CaiTvalos enobrivi niSani, romlis sam ganzomilebad Tanamedrove

lingvistikas miaCnia sintaqtikuri, semantikuri da pragmatikuli

ganzomilebani. roca vambobT, rom Tanamedrove lingvistikas

safuZvlad udevs niSnis cneba, es ar niSnavs imas, rom f. de sosiurma

SeimuSava es sami ganzomileba __ isini pirvelad amerikelma

filofosma pirsma wamoayena. pirveli etapi, es iyo sintaqtikuri

azrovneba, mas mohyva semantikuri, xolo Semdgom pragmatikuli etapebi.

e. i. me-20 saukunis lingvistika _ es aris semiotikuri lingvistika,

mis Teoriul safuZvels ki warmoadgens niSnis cneba. semiotikis zemoT

dasaxelebuli sami aspeqtis mimarTeba niSnisadmi da saerTod enisadmi,

Semdegnairad SeiZleba ganisazRvros: sintaqtika gamohyofs mimarTebebs

enobriv erTeulebs Soris; semantika adgens enobrivi erTeulebis

mimarTebas aRsaniSni obieqtis mimarT; pragmatika ki ixilavs enobriv

erTeulebs maT mimarTebaSi im pirTan an pirebTan, romlebic am

erTeulebs iyeneben komunikaciis procesSi. enobrivi niSnis am sami

ganzomilebidan teqstis SemTxvevaSi ganmsazRvreli roli pragmatikul

ganzomilebas unda miekuTvnos ( lebaniZe g., 78 ). vasabuTeb imasac, Tu

ratom unda miekuTvnos ganmsazRvreli roli teqstis SemTxvevaSi

pragmatul ganzomilebas.

Tanamedrove lingvistikis mixedviT, enas safuZvlad ori

ZiriTadi momenti udevs:

1. ena aris niSanTa sistema;

2. mas aqvs doneebrivi struqtura.

125

iyo dro, roca niSnad iTvleboda mxolod sityva (magaliTad

sosiurTan); Semdeg moxda niSnis cnebis "eqspansia" da niSnad miCneul

iqna winadadeba. sityva iqna miCneuli arasrul, xolo winadadeba,

srul niSnad. Semdeg sruli niSani aRmoCnda teqsti. semiotikuri

lingvistika miiltvoda da dResac miiltvis imisken, rom Tavisi

ganxilvisa da kvlevis umTavres obieqtad aqcios WeSmaritad sruli

niSani; dRes ki aseTad iTvleba teqsti.

SesavalSive saWirod miviCnie zogadad teqstTa klasificirebis

moxdena, vinaidan da radganac Cems sadisertacio SromaSi Cemi kvlevis

mizani pragmatikuli kategoriebis sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis mixedviT

ganxilva iyo. Semovitane terminebi: Janri, registri, teqstis tipi.

Cems naSromSi CavrTe Cems mier mopovebuli dasaxelebul

terminTa Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier gakeTebuli ganmartebebi.

Janrisa da registris kategoriebis Sesaxeb mopovebuli

informacia gavaerTiane da am terminebs erTi martivi axsna movuZebne.

registri aris enis funqcionaluri tipi. igi Seicavs

arasaliteraturo enas, romelsac sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebi

gamoiyeneben. mag, Seicavs wirvis dros mlocvelTa mier gamoyenebul

enas, sportuli komentatorebis mier fexburTis matCis detaluri

aRwerisas gamoyenebul enas, mkvlevarTa mier gamoyenebul enas.

mecnierul registrebad SeiZleba, CaiTvalos sxvadasxva Janri: statia,

moxseneba, konferenciis qronika.

Janri ki SeiZleba ganmartebul iqnas, rogorc teqstis tipTa

konfiguracia. igi Seicavs orives – saliteraturo da

arasaliteraturo teqstis variantebs. mag, mokle moTxrobebs,

romanebs, sonetebs, informacionalur moxsenebebs ( gazeTebSi an

JurnalebSi ), teqnikur saxelmZRvaneloebs, SeTavazebebs. moTxrobis

Janri SeiZleba sxvadasxva registrebSi gamovlindes:

sayofacxovreboSi, mxatvrulSi, publikaciurSi.

aseve davamate, rom Cems mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeuli teqstebi:

126

1. iuridiuli teqstebi, Cemi azriT, miekuTvneba Janris

kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria Seicavs saliteraturo

da arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs, iuridiuli

teqstebis SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs. registris kategorias iuridiul teqstebs

imitom ver mivakuTvnebdi, rom maTSi gamoyenebuli ena

SeiZleba gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis – adresantisa da

adresatisTvis; SeiZleba bundovani, gaugebari iyos.

2. umberto ekos “Foucault’s Pendulum” – ic Cemi azriT, miekuTvneba

Janris kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria Seicavs

saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs,

umberto ekos SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs saliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs. registris kategorias umberto ekos aRniSnuli

nawarmoebis Targmnil variants imitom ver mivakuTvnebdi, rom

masSi gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis

– adresantisa da adresatisTvis, SeiZleba bundovani da

gaugebari iyos.

3. Carlz dikensis “Great Expectations”, Cemi azriT miekuTvneba

orives – registrisa da Janris kategorias. Carlz dikensis am

nawarmoebs registris kategorias imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom

nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli ena, Cemi azriT, gasagebi iqneba da

ara bundovani, orivesTvis – adresantisa da adresatisTvis.

Janris kategorias ki imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom es kategoria,

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs, Carlz dikensis

SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs saliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs.

4. sagazeTo statia, Cemi azriT, miekuTvneba orives - registrisa

da Janris kategorias. aRniSnul statias registris

kategorias imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena,

Cemi azriT, gasagebi iqneba da ara bundovani orivesTvis –

127

adresantisa da adresatisTvis. Janris kategorias ki imitom

mivakuTvnebdi, rom rom es kategoria, rogorc ukve aRvniSne,

Seicavs saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs, aRniSnuli sagazeTo statiis SemTxvevaSi ki

Seicavs arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs.

5. samecniero statia, kerZod, literaturuli samecniero statia,

anu samecniero statia gakeTebuli literaturis dargSi, Cemi

azriT miekuTvneba orives - registrisa da Janris kategorias.

Janris kategorias, imitom rom es kategoria rogorc ukve

aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis

saxesxvaobebs, literaturuli samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi

ki Seicavs saliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias Cems mier arCeul literaturul samecniero

statias imitom mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena Cemi

azriT, gasagebi iqneba da ara bundovani, orivesTvis –

adresantisa da adresatisTvis. istoriuli samecniero statia,

Cemi azriT miekuTvneba Janris kategorias. Janris kategorias,

imitom rom es kategoria rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs

saliteraturo da arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs,

istoriuli samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias istoriul samecniero statias imitom ver

mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena SeiZleba gasagebi

ar iyos orivesTvis – adresantisa da adresatisTvis, SeiZleba

bundovani da gaugebari iyos, datvirTuli istoriuli

qronologiiTa da terminebiT, rac Cemi azriT, ufro

istoriulad ganaTlebul mkiTxvels moiTxovs. samedicino

dargSi (sferoSi) Seqmnili samecniero statia, Cemi azriT

miekuTvneba Janris kategorias. Janris kategorias, imitom rom

es kategoria rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Seicavs saliteraturo da

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs, samedicino dargSi

(sferoSi) Seqmnili samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi ki Seicavs

128

arasaliteraturo teqstis saxesxvaobebs. registris

kategorias samedicino dargSi (sferoSi) Seqmnil samecniero

statias imitom ver mivakuTvnebdi, rom masSi gamoyenebuli ena

SeiZleba gasagebi ar iyos orivesTvis – adresantisa da

adresatisTvis, SeiZleba bundovani da gaugebari iyos,

datvirTuli mTeli rigi samedicino terminebiT, rac Cemi

azriT, ufro medicinaSi gaTviTcnobierebul mkiTxvels

moiTxovs.

axla ki minda, Cems naSromSi gamokvleuli yoveli sakiTxi

Sevajamo da erTianad, Sejamebuli saxiT warmovadgino.

naSromi dayofilia xuT Tavad.

pirvel TavSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi ganvixile iuridiuli

teqstebis magaliTze. iuridiul teqstebad aviRe saqarTvelos

konstituciis inglisuri versia da saqarTvelos kanoni

eleqtroenergiisa da gazis Sesaxeb, aseve inglisuri versia.

Tavdapirvelad, ganvixile saqarTvelos konstitucia, Semdeg ki

Sevadare igi kanons eleqtroenergiisa da gazis Sesaxeb.

Cems mier dasaxelebul iuridiul teqstebSi aqcenti msmenel

subieqtsa da masze orientirebul kategoriebzea. metyveli subieqti

dafarulia, magram arsebobs, an arsebobda, sxvagvarad teqsti ver

Seiqmneboda. aRniSnuli orive kanoni informaciulia, da

araeqspresiuli; gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, ki orive teqsti

nawilobriv gamWvirvalea met-naklebobis fonze. saqarTvelos

konstituciasTan SedarebiT, kanoni saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiisa da

gazis Sesaxeb, ufro rTuli agebulebisaa; masSi mravladaa

specifikuri sityvebi da terminebi:

"export", "import", "gas suply", "gas storage", "transit", "transportation

licensee", "Executive Board of the Georgian Wholesale Electricity Market", "Technical

Standards", "Market Rules", "Import Licensee", "Export Licensee" da a. S.

(www.parliament.ge/Legal_Acts/Constitution/consem.html, 100.)

129

teqsti saqarTvelos konstituciisa ufro gamWvirvalea, vidre

meore kanoni, radgan es ufro moiTxovs winaswar Semzadebas,

gadatvirTulia mTeli rigi specifikuri terminebiT, rac umeteswilad

energetikis sferoSi moRvawe adamianebisTvisaa cnobili. saqarTvelos

konstituciis teqsti adresatisTvis ufro gasagebadaa warmodgenili,

vidre kanoni saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiisa da gazis Sesaxeb. aqedan

gamomdinare, saqarTvelos konstituciis teqsti, miuxedavad

gamWvirvalobis yvela faqtoris ganuxorcieleblobisa, ufro metad

ganWvirvaled CavTvale, vidre meore kanoni da vinaidan verc erTi

kanoni ver pasuxobs gamWvirvalobis yvela faqtors, orive maTgani

nawilobriv gamWvirvaled miviCnie, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, met-

naklebobis fonze.

iuridiuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan aRniSnuli orive

teqsti aris kanoni, vifiqre, rom kanonis ZalaSi gatarebas, kargi ki

ara, albaT aucilebelic iqneboda, miniWeboda kategoriaruli statusi;

yvela kanoni xom iqmneba, yalibdeba, magram igi ver imoqmedebs, Tu

ZalaSi ar iqneba gatarebuli; mas Zala ar eqneba da yovelgvari

ganxilva amao iqneba; sxva kategoriebis msgavsad moxdeba misi

pragmatizacia, Seswavlil iqneba sxva stilis teqstebis ki ara,

iuridiuli teqstebis farglebSi da orive subieqtze – metyvel da

msmenel subieqtebze, anu adresantebsa da adresatebze iqneba

orientirebuli. maSin iuridiuli teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, Cemi azriT,

yvelaze mniSvnelovani, kanonis ZalaSi gatarebis kategoria iqneba.

iuridiul teqstebSi Cemi gamokvlevidan gamomdinare SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom aqcenti msmenel subieqtsa da masTan dakavSirebul

pragmatul kategoriebzea. Tumca, marTalia, metyveli subieqti

iuridiul teqstebSi dafarulia, magram ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom is

arsebobs an arsebobda; sxvagvarad teqsti ver Seiqmneboda.

meore TavSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi ganvixile cnobili

italieli filosofosis, istorikosis, literatoris, semiotikosis,

kritikosisa da esTetikosis umberto ekos nawarmoebidan "Foucault's

Pendulum”, pirveli ori Tavis magaliTze. minda davsZino, rom ganvixile

130 am nawarmoebis ara originali, mwerlis mier italiur enaze Seqmnili

varianti, aramed inglisurad naTargmni versia; Targmani Sesrulebulia

uiliam viveris mier.

aRniSnul nawarmoebSi metyveli subieqti aqtiuradaa

warmodgenili. nawarmoebi pirvel pirSia dawerili da cxadia, metyveli

subieqti aqtiurad aris Cabmuli komunikaciis procesSi. Tumca imasac

aRvniSnav, rom marTalia, roca adamiani am nawamoebis kiTxvas daiwyebs,

iseTi gancda daeufleba, TiTqos veraferi gaigo da amdenad, metyvel

subieqtsa da msmenel subieqts Soris iqneba SeuTavsebloba, magram

mainc mimaCnia, rom teqsti iqmneba imisTvis, rom viRacam waikiTxos;

yvela saxis nawarmoebs Tavisi mkiTxveli hyavs, yovelive

damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis fonur codnasa da

Tezaurusze.

metyvel subieqtze orientirebuli kategoriebidan umberto ekos

"Foucault's Pendulum"-s xuTive mivusadage da magaliTebic moviyvane.

msmenel subieqtze orientirebul kategoriebTan dakavSirebiT ki

sabolood mainc miviCnie, rom dasaxelebul teqstSi yvelaferi

damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis fonur codnasa da

Tezaurusze. zogierTisTvis SeiZleba eqspresiulic iyos Cems mier

aRniSnuli teqsti, gamWvirvalec da informaciulic, zogierTisTvis ki

__ piriqiT. Cemi azriT, mkiTxveli saTanadod unda Seemzados am

nawarmoebis wakiTxvisaTvis, rac mas naklebad miizidavs (ra Tqma unda,

yvelas ara).

umberto ekos nawarmoebSi mainc metyvel subieqtze

orientirebuli kategoriebi sWarbobs, vinaidan metyveli subieqti

ufro aqtiuria; msmeneli subieqti am nawarmoebs moepoveba mxolod

saTanado SemzadebiT, fonuri codniTa da TezaurusiT.

mesame TavSi jer movaxdine umberto ekos Sedareba klasikos

mweral Carlz dikensTan, xolo Semdeg pragmatikuli kategoriebi

ganvixile dikensis erT-erTi romanidan "Great Expectation", xuTi Tavis

mixedviT, bolos ki pragmatikuli kategoriebis TvalsazrisiT, am

131 nawarmoebsa da umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"- s Soris msgavsebis

an gansxvavebis aRmoCenas Sevecade.

metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebidan umberto ekos

aRniSnuli nawarmoebis msgavsad, lokaciis kategoria garkveuli

cvlilebebiT xasiaTdeba (cvlilebebSi vigulisxme am kategoriis ori

aspeqtis __ temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebis monacvleoba)

Carlz dikensis "Great Expectation"-Si. modalobis kategoria umberto

ekosTan ufro aqtiurad aris warmodgenili, vidre Carlz dikensTan,

radgan "Foucault's Pendulum"-i ufro kargad daiyo modalur

metateqstebad, romlebsac TavianTi mikroTemebi gaaCniaT.

emociurobis, Sefasebis da distanturobis kategoriebi Carlz

dikensTanac naTlad gvxvdeba da umberto ekosTanac.

imasac aRvniSnav, rom mxatvrul teqstSi metyvel subieqtTan

dakavSirebuli kategoriebi arseboben da gvxvdebian ganurCevlad

mimdinareobisa; metyveli subieqti, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, teqstSi

moqmedeba adamianis cnobierebaSi xdeba, Tu saubrisas, igi yovelTvis

axdens raRacis Sefasebas da Tavis emociebsac gamoxatavs xolme, Tu

pirdapir ara, impliciturad mainc.

msmenel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebidan, Carlz

dikensTan informaciulobisa da eqspresiulobis kategoriebis

misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia, gamWvirvaloba nawilobriv aris

ganxorcielebuli; umberto ekosTan ki yovelive damokidebulia

mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis Tezaurussa da fonur codnaze.

zogierTisTvis misi nawarmoebi SeiZleba eqspresiulic iyos,

informaciulic da gamWvirvalec; zogierTisTvis ki __ piriqiT.

Carlz dikensis "Great Expectation"-is ganxilvisas calke gamovyavi

komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategoria, imitom rom komunikaciuroba

marTlac efeqturia, miuxedavad imisa, rom gamWvirvalobis verc erTi

faqtori ver ganxorcielda; dikensi xom klasikosi mweralia da

albaT, ar Sevcdebi, Tu aRvniSnav, rom ara mxolod es dasaxelebuli

nawarmoebi, aramed misi yvela nawarmoebi komunikaciurobis

TvalsazrisiT, Zalian efeqturia.

132

meoTxe TavSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi ganvixile sagazeTo

statiis mixedviT.

sakuTriv pragmatikuli kategoriebis sagazeTo statiis mixedviT

ganxilvaze gadasvlamde saerTod statia davaxasiaTe, ganvmarte, Tu

rogori agebuleba aqvs mas da metyveli subieqtis gasaTvaliswinebel

moTxovnebic warmovadgine. pragmatikuli kategoriebi, rogorc sxva

stilis teqstebSi, ise sagazeTo statiaSi jer metyvel subieqtTan,

xolo Semdeg msmenel subieqtTan dakavSirebiT ganvixile.

metyveli subieqtis sakiTxs sagazeTo teqstSi Semdegnairad

mivudeqi:

aRvniSne, rom metyveli subieqti teqstSi piradad ar Cans, Txroba

III pirSi mimdinareobs; adresanti miTiTebulia statiis TavSi; sagazeTo

teqstSi gamovyavi erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da ramdenime misi

qve subieqti; pragmatikuli kategoriebic ganvixile calke __ ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, da calke __ ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare.

sagazeTo statiis ganxilvas viwyeb ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebiT.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan mxolod personaluri

aspeqti ar Cans teqstSi, Tumca aRvniSne, rom igi arsebobs.

temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebi ki sakuTriv statiaSi gvxvdeba.

modalur kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare aRvniSnav, rom sagazeTo teqsti am mxriv

sruliad gansxvavdeba im teqstebisagan, romlebic wina TavebSi

ganvixile. sagazeTo teqsts im SemTxvevisTvis, romelsac axla

ganvixilav, obieqtur modalobas mivusadagebdi, radgan statiaSi

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti sruliad obieqturad asaxavs movlenebs.

igi Tavis gancdebsa da emociebs statiaSi ar gamoxatavs.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, sagazeTo teqsts

verc emociurobis, verc Sefasebis da verc distanturobis kategoria

ver miesadageba, imitom rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradad ar

aris CarTuli teqstSi.

133

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

pragmatikuli kategoriebi sxvagvarad miesadageba sagazeTo teqsts.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan aRniSnuli SemTxvevisaTvis,

personaluri aspeqtic Seicvleba; TiToeuli metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtTagani piradad aris CarTuli teqstSi da Tavisi azri da

Sexedulebebi gaaCnia teqstSi arsebuli situaciis mimarT. da

temporaluri aspeqtic icvleba. lokaluri aspeqti ki ucvlelia.

imasac aRvniSnav, rom Cems mier arCeul sagazeTo statiaSi gamovyavi

erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi qve subieqti; TiToeuli

maTgani dasaxelebulia naSromis meoTxe TavSi.

ori saxis modalobis kategoriidan __ subieqturidan da

obieqturidan, aRniSnuli SemTxvevisaTvis subieqturi modaloba

mivusadage Cems mier gansaxilvelad arCeul statias. ase rom, SeiZleba

iTqvas, sagazeTo statiisadmi orive saxis modalobis misadageba

SeiZleba. subieqturi modaloba mivusadage imitom, rom ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi TavianT damokidebulebas

gamoxateven teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT. obieqturi modaloba

ki __ imitom, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti Tavad ar aris CarTuli

teqstSi, igi sruliad obieqturad asaxavs situacias.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

ubralod vityvi, dawvrilebiT ganxilvas aRar Sevudgebi, rom

Sefasebis, emociurobis da distanturobis kategoriebi Tavisuflad

mivusadage aRniSnul sagazeTo statias, vinaidan isini piradad arian

CarTuli teqstSi da amdenad movlenis Sefasebasac axdenen da TavianT

emociebsac gamoxataven.

ase rom, sagazeTo teqstSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic

metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian, ganvixile ara mxolod ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, aramed masze damokidebuli qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare.

msmenel subieqtze orientirebul pragmatikul kategoriebTan

dakavSirebiT vityodi, rom sagazeTo teqstisTvis samive kategoriis __

informaciulobis eqspresiulobis da gamWvirvalobis __ misadagebaa

SesaZlebeli. ase rom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sxva stilis teqstebTan

134 SedarebiT, romlebic me ganvixile, sagazeTo teqsti yvelaze

informaciuli, gamWvirvale da eqspresiulia. am mxriv, komunikaciac

yvelaze efeqturia, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviRebT dikenss, romelTanac

komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategoria calke gamovyavi.

mexuTe TavSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi ganvixile samecniero

statiebis mixedviT; kerZod, istoriuli, literaturuli da

biologiuri samecniero statiebis mixedviT.

pragmatikuli kategoriebis am tipis statiebis mixedviT

ganxilvis dawyebamde, saerTod samecniero statiis agebulebasa da

misi weris maneraze vambob oriod sityvas; ra nawilebisgan unda

Sedgebodes samecniero statia. TiToeul nawils vasaxeleb da

vaxasiaTeb.

biologiis dargSi Sesrulebuli samecniero statia arCeuli

maqvs internet veb gverdidan: www.scientificarticles.com /

www.aarpmagazine.org/health/living_longer_science, 104. statiis saTauria: “Living

Longer: Science”. am statiis ganxilvidan gamomdinare, aRvniSne rom masSi

samecniero statiis yvelas moTxovna araa gaTvaliswinebuli, masSi

samecniero statiis yvela nawilia warmodgenili garda erTisa –

Camotanili SeniSvnebis nawilisa.

Ees rac Seexeboda, biologiuri samecniero statiis agebulebas,

Cven davinaxeT akmayofilebda Tu ara dasaxelebuli samecniero statia

samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebs, is nawilobriv

akmayofilebda.

Semdeg gadavedi am samecniero statiis pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze. sagazeTo statiis msgavsad am

samecniero statiaSic gvaqvs erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da

ramdenime misi qve subieqti.

ZiriTadma metyvelma subieqtma Seqmna teqsti, is miTiTebulia

statiis TavSi, Joe Treen, Txroba III pirSi mimdinareobs, sakuTriv

teqstSi ki gamoyvanilni arian kidev sxva subieqtebi, romelTac me qve

subieqtebi vuwode, TiToeuli maTgani piradad aris CarTuli am

135 teqstSi da Tavis azrs gamoxatavs, Tavis kvlevis Sedegebs gvamcnobs

statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze, ra ganapirobebs adamianis an cxovelis

didxans sicocxles. sagazeTo statiis msgavsad am samecniero

statiaSic naTqvami sqemiTac warmovadgine.

vinaidan am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSic, sagazeTo

statiis msgavsad erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi qve

subieqtia, pragmatikuli kategoriebi jer ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare ganvixile da Semdeg misi qve subieqtebidan –

gamomdinare.

zemoT dasaxelebuli samecniero statiis analizs ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebiT viwyeb.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, temporaluri

da lokaluri, personaluri aspeqti teqstSi Cans, marTalia ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqti mesame pirSi mogviTxrobs, magram igi CarTulia

mTel teqstSi da mTel teqsts gasdevs. swored ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqti iwyebs Txrobas da msmenel subieqtebs, anu adresatebs

garkveul warmodgenas uqmnis statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze – sicocxlis

xangrZlivobaze. minda davsZino, rom Cems mier gamokvleul yovel

sakiTxs gansaxilvelad arCeuli teqstebidan moyvanili magaliTebiT

ufro naTlad warmovadgen.

rac Seexeba lokaciis kategoriis meore – temporalur aspeqts

isev da isev ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am

dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi is aSkarad TvalnaTliv aris

warmodgenili. is statiis saTauris qvemoT gvxvdeba.

rac Seexeba lokalur aspeqts ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, miviCnie, rom is am samecniero statiaSi warmodgenili

araa. anu SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi

lokaciis kategoriis mxolod ori aspeqtia warmodgenili –

personaluri da temporaluri. Llokaluri aspeqti am SemTxvevisaTvis,

masSi warmodgenili araa.

rac Seexeba modalobis kategorias isev da isev ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare. saerTod erTmaneTisgan ganarCeven

subieqtur da obieqtur modalobas. wina TavebSi aRvniSne, rom

136 obieqturi modaloba mxatvrul teqts ar axasiaTebs. am samecniero

statiasac, sagazeTo statiis msgavsad, im SemTxvevisaTvis, romelsac

amjerad ganvixilav, swored obieqturi modaloba Seefereba. obieqturi

modaloba, es xom teqstSi asaxuli situaciis damokidebulebaa

realobasTan. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, Cemi azriT, Tavis gancdebsa

da emociebs winamdebare statiaSi ar gamoxatavs. igi sruliad

obieqturad adarebs erTmaneTs adamiansa da cxovels, maT Soris

gansxvavebasac me vTvli, rom zomierad obieqturad warmogvidgens.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare ganvixile

emociurobis, Sefasebisa da distanturobis kategoriebic. am

SemTxvevaSi emociurobis kategoria am dasaxelebul samecniero

statias ar miesadageba, radgan ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti anu

wamyvani adresanti Tavis emociebis gamoxatvisagan statiaSi Tavs

ikavebs da, Cemi azriT, sakmaod obieqturad miyavs Txroba, msmenel

subieqtebs anu adresatebs statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze – sicocxlis

xangrZlivobaze, anu imaze, Tu ra ganapirobebs adamianis an cxovelis

didxans sicocxles, uqmnis garkveul warmodgenas.

verc Sefasebis kategoria mivusadage am samecniero statias

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, radgan masSi igi imas ki

ar gviCvenebs, TviTon rogor afasebs teqstSi dasmul sakiTxs, aramed

patara Sesavals ukeTebs statias da Semdeg sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa da

mecnierTa kvlevis Sedegebsa da azrebs warmogvidgens.

rac Seexeba distanturobis kategorias, miviCnie, rom ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am kategoriis misadageba

dasaxelebuli samecniero statiisadmi savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti anu adresanti piradadaa CarTuli teqstSi.

Semdeg ganvixile pragmatikuli kategoriebi ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare. am SemTxvevaSi lokaciis

kategoriis sami aspeqtidan personaluri da temporaluri aspeqtebi

Seicvleba, xolo lokaluri aspeqti ki am SemTxvevaSic ar gaqvs

warmodgenili. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis TiToeuli qve subieqti

piradad aris CarTuli teqstSi da Tavisi azri da Sexedulebebi

137 gaaCnia teqstSi dasmul sakiTxze. mTavari adresantis TiToeuli qve

subieqti Cemi sadisertacio naSromis mexuTe TavSi CamoTvlilia.

ori saxis modalobidan, am SemTxvevisaTvis, subieqturi

modaloba mivusadage am samecniero statias; miviCnie, rom sagazeTo

statiis msgavsad am samecniero statiisadmi orive saxis modalobis

miyenebaa SesaZlebeli. subieqturi imitom mivusadage, rom ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi TavianT damokidebulebas

gamoxataven teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT. obieqturi ki imitom

mivusadage rom miuxedavad imisa, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti

Tavadac CarTulia teqstSi, is Tavis emociebis gamoxatvisagan da

garkveuli Sefasebebis keTebisagan statiaSi Tavs ikavebs da, Cemi

azriT, sakmaod obieqturad miyavs Txroba, msmenel subieqtebs anu

adresatebs statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze – sicocxlis xangrZlivobaze,

anu imaze, Tu ra ganapirobebs adamianis an cxovelis didxans

sicocxles, uqmnis garkveul warmodgenas.

Sefasebis kategoriis misadageba dasaxelebuli samecniero

statiisadmi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan

gamomdinare, savsebiT SesaZleblad miviCnie, radgan TiToeuli qve

subieqti Taviseburad afasebs teqstSi dasmul sakiTxs da am sakiTxze

Taviseburi Sexedulebebi da azrebi gaaCnia.

emociurobis kategoriis samecniero statiisadmi misadageba

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare, iseve

rogorc ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, SeuZleblad

miviCnie. miuxedavad imisa, rom emociebi ganyenebulad ar arseboben da

isini yvela adamianSia, mainc ver mivusadage es kategoria dasaxelebul

samecniero statias, imitom rom samecniero statiebSi, Cemi azriT,

kvlevis Sedegebia naCvenebi da faqtebis demonstrireba xdeba

yovelgvari emociebis gareSe.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare

samecniero statiisadmi Semdegi kategoriis – distanturobis

kategoriis misadageba savsebiT SesaZleblad miviCnie, imitom rom es

qve subieqtebi xom piradad arian CarTuli teqstSi.

138

yovelive zemoT Tqmuli mowmobs imas, rom dasaxelebul

samecniero statiaSi, iseve rogorc sagazeTo statiaSi, metyvel

subieqtTan anu adresantTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi

unda ganvixiloT ara mxolod ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, aramed misi qve subieqtebidan gamomdinarec.

Semdeg, gadavdivar msmenel subieqtze anu adresatze

orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis dasaxelebuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

saerTod, nebismieri teqsti Tavis TavSi Secavs informaciulobas,

am mxriv samecniero statiis dasaxelebuli tipi – statia romelic

biologiis dargSia (sferoSia) Seqmnili, gamonakliss ar warmoadgens.

isic garkveulwilad informaciis matarebelia da amdenad,

informaciulad miviCnie.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebuli samecniero statia

me gaumWvirvaled CavTvale. imitom, rom masSi Cemi azriT,

gamWvirvalobis arcerTi faqtori araa mocemuli. kerZod, teqstSi

asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi ver iqneba mTavari

adresantis, misi qve subieqtebisaTvis da adresatisaTvis; verc

komunikaciuri situacia iqneba identuri maTTvis, verc komunikantTa

Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da samyaros xati ver daemTxveva

erTmaneTs; imitom rom TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva adgilas da

sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobs, maTi samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgili

veranairad ver iqneba msgavsi. minda, isic aRvniSno, rom adresatTa

sxvadasxva tipi arsebobs, zogisTvis es samecniero statia SeiZleba

gasagebi iyos, zogisTvis absoliturad bundovani aRmoCndes, anu

imaTTvis, vinc biologiis sferoSi kargad ar arian Caxedulni

statiaSi aseTi terminebiT gajerebulma adgilebma SeiZleba maTi

dabneva gamoiwvios, Tumca statia informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT

aSkarad garkveuli informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba yvela tipis

mkiTxvelisTvis, magram gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me am tipis

samecniero statias gaumWvirvaled miviCnevdi.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti mTlad ver erwymis

139 erTmaneTs; SesaZloa adresanti Cafiqrebul zegavlenas axdens

adresatze, magram mTlad ver amowuravs dasmul sakiTxs, anu dasmul

sakiTxze erT amoxsnas ver poulobs; sakiTxi erTia: ra ganapirobebs

adamianis an cxovelis didxans sicocxles da pasuxi ki – mravali;

sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa kvlevis Sedegebia warmodgenili, magram

sabolood mainc iseTi STabeWdileba damrCa TiTqos problema mainc

srulad gadaWrili araa; anu yvela warmodgenili mkvlevari Tavis

azrs gvTavazobs da isini erT saerTo daskvnamde mainc ver midian. isev

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti askvnis sabolood.

komunikaciuri efeqturoba ver emyareba verc adresantis

komunikaciur intencias da verc mis mier samyaros im xatis adekvatur

gaTvaliswinebas, romelic damaxasiaTebelia adresatisTvis. ase rom

dasaxelebuli samecniero statia ara eqspresiulia. Cemi kvlevidan

gamomdinare is mxolod informaciulia, ara eqspresiuli da

gaumWvirvale.

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

biologiuri samecniero statiaa, minda davamato, rom masSi aqcenti

ZiriTad metyvel subieqtze da mis qve subieqtebzea; Tumca ar uarvyof

im faqtsac, rom saerTod teqsti iqmneba imisTvis, rom viRacam

waikiTxos, anu yvela teqsts hyavs Tavisi adresati, xolo is Tu

rogor arian pragmatikuli kategoriebi masSi warmodgenili, zemoT

TvalnaTliv gamovavline. am TavSi Cemi mizani iyo, sxvadasxva tipis

samecniero statia pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganmexila da

Semdeg maTi erTmaneTTan Sedareba momexdina.

biologiuri samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis

ganxilvis Semdeg, gadavdivar istoriuli samecniero statiis

ganxilvaze, romelic aseve internetidan maqvs amorCeuli Semdegi veb

gverdidan: www.historicalrenewal.com/articles/women_church_history, 105. statiis

saTauria: “ Women in the history of the Church”.

am samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

ganxilvis dawyebamde, iseve rogorc biologiuri statiis, gamovikvlie,

Cems naSromSi warmodgenili samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebeli

moTxovnebi masSi warmodgenili iyo Tu ara.

140

Tavdapirvelad, aRvniSnav, rom saerTod, istoriis JanrSi

Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi, statia iqneba es, wigni, naxati, Tu leqsi,

garkveul istoriul faqtebs eyrdnoba. metyveli subieqtebi anu

statiis Semqmnelebi, am SemTxvevaSi istoriuli samecniero statiis

Semqmnelebi, sxvadasxva istoriuli literaturis gamoyenebiT qmnian

statias.

wina samecniero statiaSi, kerZod, biologiur samecniero

statiaSi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis mier statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze

sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa anu rogorc me maT ganxilvisas vuwode,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtTa kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi

azrebia warmodgenili. Cem mier pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeul istoriul samecniero statiaSi ki, gvyavs

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, romelsac miyavs Txroba da sxvadasxva

religiur Tu istoriul wignebsa da samecniero statiebze dayrdnobiT

mogviTxrobs qalTa saqmianobaze da rolze eklesiis istoriaSi,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi, romelTa namuSevrebsac is

iyenebs da kidev maTi qve subieqtebi, romlebic mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtTa wignebSi arian gamoyvanilni.

statia ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. metyveli subieqti anu

adresanti miTiTebulia saTauris qvemoT.

istoriuli samecniero statiis agebulebis gamokvlevidan

gamomdinare, davinaxe, rom samecniero statiis formati, biologiuri

samecniero statiis msgavsad, masSic darRveulia; samecniero statiis

yvela nawili araa warmodgenili.

istoriuli samecniero statiis agebulebis gamokvlevis Semdeg,

gadavdivar misi pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi gvyavs mTavari

metyveli subieqti, is vinc Seqmna statia, misi qve subieqtebi, romelTa

namuSevrebsac iyenebs ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da kidev maTi qve

subieqtebi, romlebic am meorad metyvel subieqtTa wignebSi arian

gamoyvanilni. aqedan gamomdinare, am dasaxelebul istoriul

samecniero statias jer ZiriTad metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganvixilav, Semdeg mis qve

141 subieqtebTan dakavSirebul pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT da

bolos, am qve subieqtebis qve subieqtebis mixedviT.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, dasaxelebul

istoriul samecniero statiaSi lokaciis kategoriis personaluri

aspeqti aSkarad mocemulia, is statiis dawyebamde, saTauris qvemoT

gvxvdeba. mas miyavs Txroba, Tumca mTavari adresanti pirvel pirSi ar

saubrobs. Txroba III pirSi mimdinareobs da igi statiaSi mis mierve

warmodgenil Temaze – qalebi eklesiis istoriaSi, istoriuli

faqtebis moSveliebiT mogviTxrobs.

pirveli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, lokaciis kategoriis

temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebi am dasaxelebul statiaSi araa

mocemuli, arc is Cans, Tu sad dawera es statia mTavarma adresantma

da arc is Tu rodis dawera. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

vinaidan lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri,

temporaluri da lokaluri, mxolod personaluria mocemuli, isic

ara pirdapir, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es kategoria mTavari adresantidan

gamomdinare araa warmodgenili am dasaxelebul statiaSi.

pirveli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, arc emociurobis da arc

distanturobis kategoriebi araa warmodgenili am dasaxelebul

samecniero statiaSi. emociurobis kategoria imitom araa

warmodgenili, rom es statia istoriulia da masSi ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtis aranairi emocia ar Cans, is ubralod istoriuli faqtebis

demonstrirebas axdens. distanturobis kategoria imitom araa

warmodgenili am statiaSi, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradad

araa CarTuli im faqtebSi, romlebsac igi gadmogvcems, is ubralod

mogviTxrobs qalebze eklesiis istoriaSi da im dros warmogvidgens,

rodesac is arc dabadebuli iqneboda da verc piradad miiRebda

monawileobas statiaSi aRweril istoriul faqtebSi.

rac Seexeba Sefasebis kategorias, isev da isev ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, vityodi, rom is warmodgenilia am

dasaxelebul statiaSi, imitom rom statiis SesavalSi mTavari

adresanti im masalis warmogvidgenisas, romelic eklesiis istoriaSi

qalebis rolze mogviTxrobs, axdens garkveul Sefasebas, romeli

142 ufro ukeT gadmogvcems am sakiTxs da sxvebTan SedarebiT

upiratesobas Ruth A. Tucker-isa da Walter Liefeld-is wigns “The Daughters of the

Church”-s aniWebs.

mTavari metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, ori saxis modalobis

kategoriidan, subieqturidan da obieqturidan, dasaxelebul statias

obieqturs mivusadagebdi, imitom rom masSi mTavari adresantis piradi

azri Tavisive statiaSi dasmul sakiTxze araa gamoTqmuli im mizeziT,

rom statia istoriulia da masSi misi damweris piradi azrebi ki ara

faqtebia mTavari.

mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebis

istoriuli samecniero statiis mixedviT ganxilvisas, aRmoCnda, rom

mxolod modalobisa da Sefasebis kategoriebia masSi warmodgenili.

Semdeg gadavdivar mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebTan

dakavSirebul kategoriebis dasaxelebuli istoriuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi mTavari metyveli

subieqtis xuTi qve subieqtia: Rosemary Ruether, Rosemary Keller, Sharon K.

Elkins, Ruth Tucker da Walter Liefeld, romelTa istoriul naSromebsac

asaxelebs mTavari adresanti. amaTgan ori – Ruth Tucker da Walter Liefeld-i,

aqtiurad miviCnie, imitom rom swored maTi wignis mixedviT

mogviTxrobs ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti qalebis rolze eklesiis

istoriaSi. xolo danarCenebi – Rosemary Ruether, Rosemary Keller, Sharon K.

Elkins, ki – pasiurad, imitom rom mTavari adresanti maT ubralod

asaxelebs.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

maTTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan mxolod

modalobisa da lokaciis (isic ara srulad) aris mocemuli

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statiaSi.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, lokaluri

da temporaluri, personaluris garda, isic ara pirdapiraa mocemuli,

arcerTi araa warmodgenili am statiaSi im SemTxvevisaTvis, romelsac

axla ganvixilav. personaluri aspeqti warmodgenilia ara pirdapir,

143 Tumca ra Tqma unda, arsebobs, magram TviTon ar Cans da piradad araa

CarTuli teqstSi, arc is Cans romel wels da sad Seqmnes am

subieqtebma Ruth Tucker – ma da Walter Liefeld – ma TavianTi wigni “The

Daughters of the Church”. amitomac mimaCnia, rom lokaciis kategoria

srulad araa warmodgenili, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare am dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero

statiaSi, radgan am kategoriis mxolod erTi aspeqti - personaluria

mocemuli.

emociurobis da Sefasebis kategoriebi imitom araa warmodgenili

am SemTxvevisaTvis winamdebare statiaSi warmodgenili, rom mTavari

subieqtebis qve subieqtTa aranairi emocia da Sefaseba ar Cans maT

mier Seqmnil, statiaSi dasaxelebul wignSi.

distanturobis kategorias imitom ver mivusadagebdi am

dasaxelebul statias am SemTxvevisaTvis, rom mTavari adresantebis qve

subieqtebi piradad ar arian CarTuli TavianT wignSi. maT sxvadasxva

istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT Seqmnes TavianTi wigni.

rac Seexeba modalobis kategorias, am SemTxvevisaTvis, ori saxis

modalobidan – obieqturidan da subieqturidan, obieqturi mivusadage

am dasaxelebul statias, imitom rom masSi naxseneb wignSi, misi

Semqmnelebi obieqturad mogviTxroben istoriul faqtebs, romlebsac

Semdeg winamdebare statiis Semqmneli – mTavari adresanti iyenebs

Tavis statiaSi.

es, rac Seexeboda mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebTan

dakavSirebul pragmatikuli kategoriebis istoriuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvas, Semdeg gadavdivar am qve subieqtTa kidev

qve subieqtebTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis igive

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

am dasaxelebul istoriul statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtebis kidev 44 qve subieqtia. TiToeuli maTgani dasaxelebulia

winamdebare naSromSi. isini piradad arian CarTulni am dasaxelebul

istoriul samecniero statiaSi; anu lokaciis kategoriis

personaluri aspeqti mTavari adresantis qve subieqtebis kidev qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare aSkarad mocemulia masSi da garkveuli

144 cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba. amave kategoriis meore da mesame –

lokaluri da temporaluri aspeqtebic icvlebian am SemTxvevidan

gamomdinare. yovelive amis ufro naTlad saCveneblad momyavs

nawyvetebi sakuTriv statiidan.

rac Seexeba, emociurobisa da Sefasebis kategoriebs mTavari

adresantis qve subieqtebis kidev qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare, Cemi

azriT, arcerTi maTgani araa mocemuli am dasaxelebul istoriul

samecniero statiaSi. aRvniSnav, rom masSi da ara mxolod masSi,

saerTod istoriul statiebSi xdeba istoriuli faqtebis dasaxeleba

da aRwera, maTSi aranairi emocia da Sefaseba ar SeiniSneba.

Ovinaidan da radganac, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtTa qve subieqtebi piradad arian am dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi CarTulni, distanturobis kategoriis misadageba am

SemTxvevisaTvis, savsebiT SesaZleblad miviCnie.

ori saxis modalobidan – subieqturidan da obieqturidan,

aRniSnuli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, obieqturi mivusadage am

dasaxelebul istoriul samecniero statias, radgan, Cemi azriT,

sakmaod obieqturad xdeba istoriuli faqtebisa da movlenebis

mkiTxvelebamde anu adresatebamde mitana.

adresantebTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis

dasaxelebuli istoriuli samecniero statiis ganxilvis Semdeg,

msmenel subieqtebTan anu adresatebTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebis

igive statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze gadavdivar.

iseve rogorc yvela tipis teqsti Tavis TavSi Seicavs garkveul

informaciulobas, es istoriuli samecniero statiac ar warmoadgens

gamonakliss. is, ra Tqma unda, garkveuli istoriuli informaciis

momwodebelia; anu samecniero statiis es tipi informaciulad

iTvleba.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebuli samecniero statia

me gaumWvirvaled miviCnie. imitom rom masSi Cemi azriT,

gamWvirvalobis arcerTi faqtori araa mocemuli. kerZod, teqstSi

asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi ver iqneboda mTavari

adresantisaTvis, misi qve subieqtebisTvis, am qve subieqtTa kidev qve

145 subieqtebisTvis da adresatisTvis, verc komunikaciuri situacia

iqneboda identuri maTTvis, verc komunikantTa Tezaurusebi, fonuri

codna da samyaros xati ver daemTxveoda erTmaneTs; imitom rom

mTavari adresanti iqneba, misi qve subieqtebi iqnebian, Tu kidev maTi

qve subieqtebi an adresatebi, TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva dros da

sxvadasxva adgilas moRvaweobs, erTnairi verc samuSao an

sacxovrebeli adgili eqnebodaT, da verc erTsa da imave dros

mouwevdaT moRvaweoba. imasac aRvniSnav, rom adresatTa sxvadasxva tipi

arsebobs, zogisTvis es samecniero statia SeiZleba gasagebi iyos,

zogisTvis absoliturad bundovani, an cotaTi gaugebari aRmoCndes,

anu imaTTvis, vinc istorias da religias kargad ar icnoben, kargad

ar arian Caxedulni istoriul an religiur sakiTxebSi, statiaSi aseTi

terminebiT gajerebulma adgilebma SeiZleba maTi dabneva gamoiwvios,

Tumca statia informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT aSkarad garkveuli

informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba yvela tipis mkiTxvelisTvis, magram

gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me am tipis samecniero statia

gaumWvirvaled miviCnie.

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi eqspresiulobis ori funqciuri momenti Cemi azriT, erwymis

erTmaneTs; adresanti Cafiqrebul zegavlenas axdens adresatze.

statiaSi absoliturad amomwuravi informaciaa mocemuli qalebis

Sesaxeb eklesiis istoriaSi. mTavari metyveli subieqti mis mier

SerCeuli qve subieqtebis Ruth Tucker – isa da Walter Liefeld – is wignis

“The Daughters of the Church” mixedviT mogviTxrobs statiaSi mis mierve

dasmul sakiTxze. gamokvlevidan gamomdinare, winamdebare istoriuli

samecniero statia me eqspresiulad miviCnie.

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

istoriuli samecniero statiaa, davsZen, rom masSi aqcenti ZiriTad

metyvel subieqtze, mis qve subieqtebze da kidev maT qve subieqtebzea

da ra Tqma unda am statiaSi maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi

sWarbobs, Tumca biologiur samecniero statiisgan gansxvavebiT, es

istoriuli samecniero statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da

146 eqspresiulia, maSin rodesac biologiuri samecniero statia

informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da ara eqspresiulad miviCnie.

istoriuli samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis

ganxilvis Semdeg gadavdivar literaturuli samecniero statiis

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

literaturuli samecniero statia literaturul-mxatvrul da

sazogadoebriv-politikur Jurnal “ciskris” ( 106 ) 1971 wlis 4

aprilis nomridan amovarCie. es Jurnali qarTul enaze gamodioda da

Sesabamisad statiac qarTul enazea. esaa zviad gamsaxurdias

literaturuli samecniero statia saTauriT: “tradiciis gageba t. s.

eliotis SemoqmedebaSi”.

dasaxelebuli samecniero statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis

mixedviT ganxilvis dawyebamde, vikvlev, aris Tu ara winamdebare

naSromSi naxsenebi samecniero statiis gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnebi

masSi warmodgenili da Semdeg ganvixilav mas pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT.

Tavdapirvelad, literaturul samecniero statiebis Taobaze Cems

azrs warmovadgen; Cemi azriT, literaturuli samecniero statiebi

samecnieroc aris da mxatvruli literaturis Janrsac miekuTvneba,

imitom rom maTSi ZiriTadad mxatvruli literaturis Sedevrebi

ganixileba samecniero eniT. zemoT ganxilul sagazeTo statias,

biologiur da istoriul samecniero statiebs mxatvrul

literaturasTan araviTari kavSiri ar aqvT, xolo literaturuli

samecniero statia ki mxatvruli literaturis Janrs miekuTvneba. es

aris pirveli ZiriTadi gansxvaveba Cem naSromSi pragmatikuli

kategoriebis mixedviT gansaxilvelad arCeul statiebs Soris –

sagazeTo da samecniero; sakuTriv samecniero statiebs Soris.

amis Semdeg ki vikvlev, ramdenad aris samecniero statiis

gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnebi dasaxelebul literaturul

samecniero statiaSi gaTvaliswinebuli.

gamokvlevidan gamomdinare davaskveni, rom dasaxelebul samecniero

statiaSi, Cems mierve warmodgenili samecniero statiis yvela moTxovna

araa gaTvaliswinebuli; masSi samecniero statiis yvela nawilia

147 warmodgenili garda reziumesi da Sedegebis nawilisa; anu samecniero

statiis formati am winamdebare statiaSic darRveulia.

es, rac Seexeboda zogadad samecniero statiis agebulebas,

winamdebare naSromSi davinaxeT, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebda

dasaxelebuli literaturuli samecniero statia samecniero statiis

gasaTvaliswinebel moTxovnebs; davinaxeT, rom es moTxovnebi masSi

darRveulia, srulad ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

amis Semdeg gadavdivar dasaxelebuli literaturuli samecniero

statiis pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

am dasaxelebul samecniero statiaSi, Cemi azriT, gvyavs erTi

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti, romelmac Seqmna winamdebare statia da

misi erTi qve subieqti, romelzec saubaria masSi.

winamdebare statiaSi mTavari adresanti aris zviad gamsaxurdia, man

dawera es statia, xolo misi qve subieqtia tomas sternz elioti,

romlis Semoqmedebasac mimoixilavs mTavari adresanti.

pragmatikul kategoriebs ganvixilav jer mTavari adresantidan

gamomdinare, xolo Semdeg misi qve subieqtidan gamomdinare.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, lokaciis kategoriis

sami aspeqtidan: personaluri, lokaluri da temporaluri, mxolod

personaluria warmodgenili, Txroba xan pirvel pirSi mimdinareobs,

xan III pirSi da iTvleba, rom mTavari adresanti statiis bolomde

gasdevs teqsts da masSi Tavisi qve subieqtis ideebis garda

sakuTarsac warmogvidgens. yovelive amis ufro naTelsayofad momyavs

nawyvetebi statiidan.

isev da isev am SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, statiaSi arc is aris

naCvenebi sad da arc is, Tu rodis xdeba masSi warmodgenili

referentuli situacia.

modalobis kategoriis ori tipidan – subieqturi da obieqturi,

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, am dasaxelebul statias

subieqturi mivusadage, imitom rom masSi mTavari adresantis

subieqturi azrebic naTlad aris warmodgenili. amis naTelsayofad

kvlav momyavs nawyvetebi statiidan.

148

dasaxelebul samecniero statias mivusadage emociurobisa da

Sefasebis kategoriebi isev da isev ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, imitom rom mTavari metyveli subieqti mTeli statiis

farglebSi garkveul Sefasebebs axdens da adamianis emociebzec

TviTonve laparakobs.

mTavari adresantidan gamomdinare, distanturobis kategoriac

mivusadage am dasaxelebul literaturul samcniero statias, imitom

rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradadaa CarTuli teqstSi.

rogorc davinaxeT, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare,

emociurobis, Sefasebis, distanturobis, modalobis kategoriebis

misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia dasaxelebuli literaturuli

samecniero statiisadmi, vinaidan lokaciis kategoriis marto erTi

aspeqtia warmodgenili, es kategoria, Cemi azriT, ara srulad aris

mocemuli winamdebare statiaSi.

Semdeg gadavdivar mTavari adresantis qve subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis dasaxelebuli literaturuli samecniero

statiis mixedviT ganxilvaze.

winamdebare statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve subieqtad me tomas

sternz elioti miviCnie, imitom rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti

swored am mwerlis Semoqmedebas mimoixilavs da misi statiac miznad

isaxavs, gansazRvros tradiciis roli mis SemoqmedebaSi; agreTve

mogvces daxasiaTeba Tavad eliotis damokidebulebisa tradiciis

gagebasTan, radgan eliotiseuli gageba tradiciisa Zireulad

gansxvavdeba adrindel poetTa koncepciebisagan.

mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare lokaciis am

dasaxelebuli statiisadmi misadageba, Cemi azriT, savsebiT

SesaZlebelia. am kategoriis sami aspeqtidan – personaluri,

lokaluri da temporaluri, mxolod personaluri da temporaluria

mocemuli da amitom lokaciis kategoria am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba

iTqvas nawilobriv aris warmodgenili. lokaciis kategoriis

personaluri aspeqti ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtidan

gamomdinare xan I pirSia warmodgenili, xan III- Si.

149

mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan – tomas sternz eliotidan

gamomdinare, am dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero statiaSi,

lokaciis kategoriis temporaluri aspeqtis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs is

faqti, rom elioti meoce saukuneSi daibada da am saukuneSive

moRvaweobda, misi namuSevrebi meoce saukuneSi Seiqmna; statiaSi

Tanamedrove epoqa – meoce saukune naxsenebia ara erTxel. yovelive

Tqmulis dasadastureblad momyavs nawyvetebi statiidan.

es, rac Seexeboda lokaciis kategorias mTavari adresantis – zviad

gamsaxurdias, qve subieqtis – tomas sternz eliotidan gamomdinare,

rogorc davinaxeT es kategoria am SemTxvevaSic arasrulad aris

warmodgenili, imitom rom misi mxolod ori aspeqti – personaluri da

temporaluria mocemuli am dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero

statiaSi, lokaluri aspeqti am SemTxvevidan gamomdinare masSi

warmodgenili araa.

Sefasebisa da emociurobis kategoriebTan dakavSirebiT vityodi,

rom orive kategoria mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare

winamdebare statiaSi warmodgenilia. ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqti – elioti msjelobs da garkveul Sefasebebs akeTebs mTavari

adresantis mier statiis saTaurSive dasmul sakiTxze – tradiciis

gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi.

rac Seexeba emociurobis kategorias, am dasaxelebul

literaturul samecniero statiaSi mTavari adresantis qve

subieqtidan gamomdinare, aRvniSnav rom elioti emociebis Tavisebur

gagebas warmogvidgens. mas miaCnia, rom axal poeziaSi unda moxdes

emociis impersonaluri gardaqmna, anu poetma unda miaRwios

impersonalurobas, e. i. pirovnebisgan ganTavisuflebas SemoqmedebaSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, mTavari adresantis qve subieqtis mixedviT

dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero statiaSi warmodgenil

emociurobis kategoriisTvis, me marto emociurobisa ar damirqmevia; am

SemTxvevisaTvis am kategoriisTvis Semovitane axali saxelwodeba:

impersonaluri emociurobis kategoria.

e. i. mTavari adresantis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare, dasaxelebul

literaturul samecniero statias emociurobis kategoria ki ar

150 mivusadage, aramed impersonaluri emociurobis kategoria. Tu ras

niSnavs sityva impersonaluri mexuTe TavSi ganvmarte da kidev erTxel

gavimeoreb, es aris pirovnebisagan ganTavisufleba SemoqmedebaSi, anu

poetma Tavis Tavi unda Seswiros nawarmoebs, romelsac hqmnis.

ori saxis modalobidan – subieqturidan da obieqturidan,

aRniSnuli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare winamdebare statias subieqturi

modaloba mivusadage. imitom, rom mTavari adresantis qve subieqti –

tomas sternz elioti am dasaxelebul literaturul samecniero

statiaSi Tavis subieqtur azrebsa da Sexedulebebs warmogvidgens

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis mier statiis saTaurSive dasmul

sakiTxze – tradiciis gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi. sakuTari azris

ufro naTlad warmosadgenad, magaliTisaTvis nawyvetebi momyavs

sakuTriv statiidan.

vinaidan da radganac, mTavari adresantis qve subieqti piradad aris

CarTuli winamdebare statiaSi mimdinare TxrobaSi, distanturobis

kategoriis misadmi miyeneba savsebiT SesaZleblad miviCnie.

rogorc ganxilvidan davinaxeT, ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan am

dasaxelebuli literaturuli samecniero statiisadmi SesaZlebelia

Semdegi kategoriebis misadageba: lokaciis (nawilobriv, imitom rom am

kategoriis samive aspeqti araa warmodgenili am SemTxvevisaTvis

winamdebare statiaSi), subieqturi modalobis, distanturobis da

Sefasebis; emociurobis kategorias cota sxvagvarad mivudeqi isev da

isev Tavad mTavari adresantis qve subieqtis emociurobaze

Sexedulebidan gamomdinare. am kategorias me marto emociurobis

nacvlad impersonaluri anu pirovnebis miRma emociurobis kategoria

vuwode imitom rom Tavad ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqts –

eliots, hqonda aseTi Sexeduleba emociurobaze winamdebare statiaSi.

mTavar adresantTan da mis qve subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

pragmatikuli kategoriebis am dasaxelebuli literaturuli

samecniero statiis mixedviT ganxilvis Semdeg, gadavdivar msmenel

subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebis igive statiis

mixedviT ganxilvaze.

151

informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT winamdebare samecniero statia

informaciulia, rogorc yvela tipis teqsti, is Tavis TavSi Seicavs

garkveul informacias, am SemTxvevaSi informacias eliotis

SemoqmedebaSi tradiciis gagebaze.

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT, dasaxelebul literaturul

samecniero statia, iseve rogorc zemoT ganxiluli samecniero

statiebis or tipi – biologiuri da istoriuli, aseve gaumWvirvaled

miviCnie. imitom rom, rom arc masSia gamWvirvalobis arc erTi faqtori

mocemuli; kerZod, teqstSi asaxuli referentuli situacia erTnairi

ver iqneboda verc mTavari adresantisaTvis, verc misi qve

subieqtisaTvis, verc adresatisaTvis an adresatebisaTvis; verc

komunikaciuri situacia iqneboda identuri maTTvis; verc komunikantTa

Tezaurusebi, fonuri codna da samyaros xati ver daemTxveoda

erTmaneTs; imitom rom mTavari adresanti iqneboda, misi qve subieqtebi

iqnebodnen, Tu kidev maTi qve subieqtebi an adresatebi, TiToeuli

maTgani sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva adgilas moRvaweobs, erTnairi

verc samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgili eqnebodaT, da verc erTsa da

imave dros mouwevdaT moRvaweoba. imasac davsZen, rom adresatTa

sxvadasxva tipi arsebobs, iseve rogorc zemoT ganxilul samecniero

statiebi, es samecniero statiac zogisTvis SeiZleba gasagebi iyos,

zogisTvis cotaTi gaugebari aRmoCndes; anu imaTTvis, vinc eliotis

Semoqmedebas kargad ar icnoben, zogierTma adgilma SeiZleba maTi

dabneva gamoiwvios, Tumca statia informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT

aSkarad garkveuli informaciis mimwodebeli iqneba yvela tipis

mkiTxvelisTvis, magram gamWvirvale ver iqneba. ase rom me am tipis

samecniero statiac gaumWvirvaled miviCnie

rac Seexeba eqspresiulobis kategorias, gamokvlevidan

gamomdinare, winamdebare istoriuli samecniero statia, me

eqspresiulad miviCnie. mTavari adresanti – statiis Semqmneli,

intenciur zegavlenas axdens adresatze. is statiaSi absoluturad

daxvewilad da Tanmimdevrulad msjelobs mis mierve dasmul sakiTxze,

tradiciis gagebaze eliotis SemoqmedebaSi; marTalia, eliotis

Semoqmedebidan, eliotis anu Tavisi qve subieqtis azrebs

152 warmogvidgens, Tumca naTlad axdens Semdeg Tavisi qve subieqtis

naazrevis ganmartebas, raTa mkiTxvelamde, anu adresatamde saTqmeli

TvalsaCinod miitanos.

samecniero statiis am tipis SemTxvevaSi, vgulisxmob imas, rom es

literaturuli samecniero statiaa, davsZen, rom masSi aqcenti ZiriTad

metyvel subieqtze da mis qve subieqtzea da ra Tqma unda, am statiaSi

maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi sWarbobs, Tumca biologiur

samecniero statiisgan gansxvavebiT da istoriuli samecniero statiis

msgavsad es literaturuli samecniero statia informaciuli,

gaumWvirvale da eqspresiulia, maSin rodesac biologiuri samecniero

statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da ara eqspresiulad miviCnie.

xazgasmiT aRvniSnav im faqts, rom es literaturuli samecniero

statia mTavari metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtidan gamomdinare,

danarCeni ori samecniero statiisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom

emociurobis kategorias winamdebare statiaSi maTgan gansxvavebulad

mivudeqi; masSi impersonaluri (pirovnebis miRma) emociurobis

kategoriaa warmodgenili da ara mxolod emociurobis.

153

kvlevis saboloo Sedegebi

Cemi sadisertacio Temis mizani iyo pragmatikuli kategoriebi

ganmexila sxvadasxva stilis teqstebis magaliTze __ iuridiul,

mxatvrul, sagazeTo, samecniero teqstebis magaliTze; gamemijna

pragmatikuli kategoriebi __ gamomeyo metyvel subieqtTan

dakavSirebuli da msmenel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli

kategoriebi; aseve damedgina, zemoT aRniSnul teqstebSi pragmatikuli

kategoriebis prevalireba-nakleboba da kidev gamerkvia, romeli

stilis teqsti aRmoCndeboda yvelaze informaciuli, gamWvirvale da

eqspresiuli.

Cemi kvlevidan gamomdinare davadgine, rom Cems mier ganxilul

iuridiul teqstebSi (ara marto am teqstebSi, saerTod, iuridiul

teqstebSi) aqcenti msmenel subieqtsa da masze orientirebul

pragmatikul kategoriebzea. metyveli subieqti dafarulia, magram

arsebobs. dasaxelebuli orive kanoni informaciulia, araeqspresiuli;

gamWvirvalobis TvalsazrisiT ki orive teqsti nawilobriv

gamWvirvalea met-naklebobis fonze. Semovitane azri, rom kanonis

ZalaSi gatarebas mieniWos kategorialuri statusi, radgan kanonis

ZalaSi gatarebis gareSe kanons Zala ar eqneba da mis ganxilvasac

azri daekargeba.

metyvel subieqtze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan

umberto ekos "Foucault's Pendulum"-s xuTive mivusadage da magaliTebic

moviyvane. msmenel subieqtze orientirebul kategoriebTan

dakavSirebiT ki sabolood mainc miviCnie, rom dasaxelebul teqstSi

yvelaferi damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis fonur codnasa

da Tezaurusze. zogierTisTvis SeiZleba eqspresiulic iyos Cems mier

aRniSnuli teqsti, gamWvirvalec da informaciulic, zogierTisTvis ki

__ piriqiT. Cemi azriT, mkiTxveli saTanadod unda Seemzados am

nawarmoebis wakiTxvisaTvis, rac mas naklebad miizidavs (ra Tqma unda,

yvelas ara).

154

umberto ekos nawarmoebSi mainc metyvel subieqtze

orientirebuli kategoriebi sWarbobs, vinaidan metyveli subieqti

ufro aqtiuria; msmeneli subieqti am nawarmoebs moepoveba mxolod

saTanado SemzadebiT, fonuri codniTa da TezaurusiT.

Carlz dikensis "Great Expectation"-Si "Foucault's Pendulum"-is

msgavsad, metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebidan, lokaciis

kategoria garkveuli cvlilebebiT xasiaTdeba (cvlilebebSi

igulisxmeba lokaciis kategoriis ori aspeqtis, temporaluri da

lokaluri aspeqtebis monacvleoba). ori saxis modalobidan __

subieqturidan da obieqturidan, "Great Expectation"-isadmi subieqturi

modalobis misadageba SeiZleba, romelic asaxavs metyveli subieqtis

anu adresantis damokidebulebas teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT.

subieqturi modalobis kategoria umberto ekosTan ufro

aqtiurad aris mocemuli, vidre Carlz dikensTan. emociurobis,

Sefasebis da distanturobis kategoriebi ki Carlz dikensTanac

naTlad gvxvdeba da umberto ekosTanac.

Carlz dikensis "Great Expectation"-is ganxilvisas calke gamovyavi

komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategoria, imitom rom komunikaciuroba

marTlac efeqturia, miuxedavad imisa, rom gamWvirvalobis verc erTi

faqtori ver ganxorcielda; dikensi xom klasikosi mweralia da

albaT, ar Sevcdebi, Tu aRvniSnav, rom ara mxolod es dasaxelebuli

nawarmoebi, aramed misi yvela nawarmoebi komunikaciurobis

TvalsazrisiT, Zalian efeqturia.

mxatvrul teqstSi metyvel subieqtTan dakavSirebuli

kategoriebi arseboben da gvxvdebian ganurCevlad mimdinareobisa;

metyveli subieqti, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, teqstSi moqmedeba adamianis

cnobierebaSi xdeba, Tu saubrisas, yovelTvis axdens raRacis Sefasebas

da Tavis emociebsac gamoxatavs xolme, pirdapir Tu ara,

impliciturad mainc.

msmenel subieqtTan anu adresatTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli

kategoriebidan, Carlz dikensisaTvis informaciulobisa da

eqspresiulobis kategoriebis misadageba savsebiT SesaZlebelia,

155 gamWvirvaloba nawilobriv aris ganxorcielebuli; umberto ekosTan ki

yovelive damokidebulia mkiTxvelis kategoriaze, mis Tezaurussa da

fonur codnaze. zogierTisTvis misi nawarmoebi SeiZleba eqspresiulic

iyos, gamWvirvalec da informaciulic.

sagazeTo teqstSi, pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic metyvel

subieqts ukavSirdebian, unda ganvixiloT ar mxolod ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, aramed masze damokidebuli qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare. rogorc Cans, zemoT naxseneb teqstebTan

SedarebiT Sedegi gansxvavebulia.

sagazeTo statiis ganxilvas ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare pragmatikuli kategoriebiT viwyeb.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan mxolod personaluri

aspeqti ar Cans teqstSi, Tumca aRvniSne, rom igi arsebobs.

temporaluri da lokaluri aspeqtebi ki sakuTriv statiaSi gvxvdeba.

modalur kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqtidan gamomdinare aRvniSnav, rom sagazeTo teqsti am mxriv

sruliad gansxvavdeba im teqstebisagan, romlebic wina TavebSi

ganvixile. am SemTxvevisTvis, romelsac me ganvixilav, sagazeTo teqsts

obieqtur modalobas mivusadagebdi, radgan ZiriTadi metyveli

subieqti statiaSi sruliad obieqturad asaxavs movlenebs. igi Tavis

gancdebsa da emociebs statiaSi ar gamoxatavs.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, sagazeTo teqsts

verc emociurobis, verc Sefasebis da verc distanturobis kategoria

ver miesadageba, imitom rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti piradad ar

aris CarTuli teqstSi.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

pragmatikuli kategoriebi sxvagvarad miesadageba sagazeTo teqsts.

lokaciis kategoriis sami aspeqtidan aRniSnuli SemTxvevisaTvis,

personaluri aspeqtic Seicvleba; TiToeuli metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtTagani piradad aris CarTuli teqstSi da Tavisi azri da

Sexedulebebi gaaCnia teqstSi arsebuli situaciis mimarT. da

temporaluri aspeqtic icvleba. lokaluri aspeqti ki – ucvlelia.

imasac aRvniSnav, rom Cems mier arCeul sagazeTo statiaSi gamovyavi

156 erTi ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti da aTi misi qve subieqti; TiToeuli

maTgani dasaxelebulia naSromis meoTxe TavSi.

ori saxis modalobis kategoriidan __ subieqturidan da

obieqturidan, aRniSnuli SemTxvevisaTvis subieqturi modaloba

mivusadage Cems mier gansaxilvelad arCeul statias. ase rom, SeiZleba

iTqvas, sagazeTo statiisadmi orive saxis modalobis misadageba

SeiZleba. subieqturi modaloba imitom mivusadage, rom ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebi TavianT damokidebulebas

gamoxateven teqstSi asaxuli situaciis mimarT. obieqturi modaloba

ki __ imitom, rom ZiriTadi metyveli subieqti Tavad ar aris CarTuli

teqstSi, igi sruliad obieqturad asaxavs situacias.

ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtis qve subieqtebidan gamomdinare,

ubralod vityvi, dawvrilebiT ganxilvas aRar Sevudgebi, rom

Sefasebis, emociurobis da distanturobis kategoriebi Tavisuflad

mivuyene aRniSnul sagazeTo statias, vinaidan isini piradad arian

CarTuli teqstSi da amdenad movlenis Sefasebasac axdenen da TavianT

emociebsac gamoxataven.

ase rom, sagazeTo teqstSi pragmatikuli kategoriebi, romlebic

metyvel subieqts ukavSirdebian, ganvixile ara mxolod ZiriTadi

metyveli subieqtidan gamomdinare, aramed masze damokidebuli qve

subieqtebidan gamomdinare.

msmenel subieqtze orientirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebidan

sagazeTo teqstisTvis samive kategoriis __ informaciulobis

eqspresiulobis da gamWvirvalobis __ misadagebaa SesaZlebeli.

ase rom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sxva stilis teqstebTan SedarebiT,

romlebic me ganvixile, sagazeTo teqsti yvelaze informaciuli,

gamWvirvale da eqspresiulia. am mxriv, komunikaciac yvelaze

efeqturia, mxedvelobaSi Tu ar miviRebT dikenss, romelTanac

komunikaciuri efeqturobis kategoria calke gamovyavi.

samecniero statiebSi, iseve rogorc sagazeTo statiaSi, metyvel

subieqtTan anu adresantTan dakavSirebuli pragmatikuli kategoriebi

unda ganvixiloT ara mxolod ZiriTadi metyveli subieqtidan

gamomdinare, aramed misi qve subieqtebidan gamomdinarec.

157

samecniero statiebis SemTxvevaSi, aqcenti ZiriTad metyvel

subieqtze da mis qve subieqtebzea; Tumca ar uarvyof im faqtsac, rom

saerTod teqsti iqmneba imisTvis, rom viRacam waikiTxos, anu yvela

teqsts hyavs Tavisi adresati, xolo is Tu rogor arian pragmatikuli

kategoriebi masSi warmodgenili mTel naSromSi TvalnaTliv

gamovavline.

Cems sadisertacio naSromSi pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

warmodgenili samecniero statiis pirveli tipi – biologiuri

samecniero statia informaciulad, araeqspresiulad da gaumWvirvaled

miviCnie.

istoriuli samecniero statiis SemTxvevaSi aqcenti ZiriTad

metyvel subieqtze, mis qve subieqtebsa da kidev maT qve subieqtebzea

da, ra Tqma unda, am statiaSi maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi

sWarbobs, Tumca biologiur samecniero statiisgan gansxvavebiT, es

istoriuli samecniero statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da

eqspresiulia.

samecniero statiis meore tipi istoriuli samecniero statia

informaciulad, gaumWvirvaled da eqspresiulad miviCnie.

samecniero statiis mesame tipad ganvixilav literaturul

samecniero statias.

aRvniSnav, rom literaturuli samecniero statiebi samecnieroc

aris da mxatvruli literaturis Janrsac miekuTvneba, imitom rom

maTSi ZiriTadad mxatvruli literaturis Sedevrebi ganixileba

samecniero eniT. zemoT ganxilul sagazeTo statias, biologiur da

istoriul samecniero statiebs mxatvrul literaturasTan araviTari

kavSiri ar aqvT, xolo literaturuli samecniero statia ki

mxatvruli literaturis Janrs miekuTvneba. es aris pirveli ZiriTadi

gansxvaveba Cem naSromSi pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

gansaxilvelad arCeul statiebs Soris – sagazeTo da samecniero;

sakuTriv samecniero statiebs Soris.

Cems mier warmodgenil literaturul samecniero statiaSi

aqcenti ZiriTad metyvel subieqtze da mis qve subieqtzea da, ra Tqma

unda, am statiaSi maTTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebi sWarbobs, Tumca

158 biologiur samecniero statiisgan gansxvavebiT da istoriuli

samecniero statiis msgavsad es literaturuli samecniero statia

informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da eqspresiulia, maSin rodesac

biologiuri samecniero statia informaciuli, gaumWvirvale da ara

eqspresiulad miviCnie.

xazgasmiT aRvniSnav imasac, rom Cems naSromSi warmodgenili

literaturuli samecniero statia mTavari metyveli subieqtis qve

subieqtidan gamomdinare, danarCeni ori samecniero statiisgan imiT

gansxvavdeba, rom emociurobis kategorias winamdebare statiaSi

maTgan gansxvavebulad mivudeqi; masSi impersonaluri (pirovnebis

miRma) emociurobis kategoriaa warmodgenili da ara mxolod

emociurobis.

Cems sadisertacio naSromSi pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT

ganxiluli teqstebidan gamomdinare, Cemi azriT, pragmatikuli

kategoriebi yvelaze ukeT da metad sagazeTo teqstSia warmodgenili;

sagazeTo teqsti aRmoCnda yvelaze informaciuli, eqspresiuli da

gamWvirvale; Tumca imasac aRvniSnav, rom TiToeuli tipis teqstis

pragmatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT ganxilvisas raRac axlisTvis

iqna mignebuli, rac ganasxvavebs maT erTmaneTisgan da TiToeul

maTgans Tavisebur xibls aZlevs.

159

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