Day 116: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

Baltimore Polytechnic InstituteFebruary 25, 2015A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Students will be able to describe to what extent government can effect change by analyzing the impact of the Progressive movement on American society

Objective

Objectives: Students will:Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and

turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century.Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes

of the Spanish-American War.Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War,

especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing

arguments in the debate about imperialism.AP Focus

Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century.

Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion.Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the

United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish-American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

CHAPTER THEMESIn the 1890s, a number of economic and

political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories.

In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Chapter Focus

Submit Debate Resume on MondayDebate on Monday1890s Decade Chart due on MondayElection Charts due on Tuesday

Announcements

Elkins Act of 1903-ended rebatesHepburn Act of 1906-free passes restrictedIdentified good and bad trustsNorthern Securities in 1902

holding company by Morgan/James HillSupreme Court ruled the Company to be dissolved

others: beef, sugar, fertilizer, harvesters

Believed in regulating, not fragmenting

TR Corrals the Corporations

Europe threatened to throw out all American beef

The Jungle highlighted the appalling conditions of food, even though book was to show plight of workers

Meat Inspection Act of 1906-meat shipped across states would be inspected

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Caring for the Consumer

Desert Land Act of 1877-government sold cheap arid land. Land had to be irrigated in 3 years

Forest Reserve Act of 1891-President can set aside public forests as national parks

Carey Act of 1894-distributed federal land to states. Land had to be irrigated and settled

Newlands Act of 1902-money from sale of public lands in the West to use for irrigation projects

Many organizations spun off: Boys Scouts of America, Audubon Society, Sierra Club

The independent contractor were shouldered aside as corporations had the capacity to work with the federal bureaucracy

Explain the struggle between preservationists and conservationists

Earth Control

Financial world blamed TR for the panic due to his “meddling “ polices/decisions

Fiscal Reforms as a resultAldrich-Vreeland Act: authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral

The “Roosevelt Panic” of 1907

Election of 1908Democrats-William Jennings BryanRepublicans-William Howard Taft321-162: Electoral College went to Taft7,675,320 to 6,412,294 popular voteSocialists received 420,793 votes for Eugene V. Debs

Roosevelt’s impactenlarged the power/prestige of the Presidencybig stick of publicityshaped the progressive movementSquare Deal grandfather to New Deal

The Rough Rider Thunders Out

Dollar diplomacyManchurian railroad scheme

American/Foreign investors buy the railroad and liquidate it China-Japan/Russia rejected it

Wall Street invested in Honduras/Haiti to keep out foreign funds

U.S. military intervened to protect investments

The Dollar Goes Abroad as a Diplomat

Taft brought 90 suits in 4 yearsRoosevelt brought 44 in 7.5 yearsTaft challenged a U.S. Steel merger that

Roosevelt was personally involved in finalizing.

Taft the Trustbuster

Explain how William Howard Taft split the Republican Party by describing the Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel that erupted in 1910.

Taft Splits the Republican Party

Begin Reading 1st ½ of Chapter 28 page 702-714

Prepare for 5 question quiz on Tuesday

Homework