1IEC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Submitted To :Prof. Ranjit Singh (H.O.D. ECE)Mr. Mohit Yadav (Mentor ECE III A)IEC-CET Greater Noida.

Submitted By :MAHENDRA PRATAP SINGHECE IIIrd YEAR A1309031049

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ONBARCODE

2CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION BARCODE SYMBOL CHARACTERISTICS TYPES OF BARCODE BARCODE TECHNOLOGY BARCODE REPRESENTATION ADVANTAGES OF BARCODE DISADVANTAGES OF BARCODE APPLICATION OF BARCODE CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

3INTRODUCION

BARCODE is an optical machine – readable form of data and it is also known as the “Universal Product Code” (UPC).

First concept of BARCODE was developed by Bernard Silver in 1948.

George J. Laurer is considered the inventor of U.P.C., which is the most accepted form of BARCODE.

On April 3, 1973, UPC symbol (based on the IBM proposal) was selected as the industry standard.

BARCODE uses the Binary System for coding & decoding. It has the series of bars & space representing alpha numeric

information. Each bar represent “1” & space represent “0”.

4How It Works ?

5Continued….

A bar code reader decodes a bar code by scanning a light source across the bar code and measuring the intensity of light reflected back by the white spaces.

The pattern of reflected light is detected with a photodiode and it is then decoded back to the original data by inexpensive electronic circuits.

Due to the design of most bar code it does not make any difference if you scan a bar code from right to left or from left to right.

The basic structure of a bar code consists of a leading and trailing quiet zone, a start pattern, one or more data characters, optionally one or two check characters and a stop pattern.

6BAR CODE SYMBOL CHARACTERISTICS

Magnification (SIZE) - It refers to the size of the bar code symbols. 

Bar Height - EAN/UPC Bar Code symbols it is important to ensure that the height remains in proportion to the magnification, and does not drop below the minimum specified.

Quiet Zones (Light Margins) - The Quiet Zones (Light Margin) of the bar code symbol are the solid, light areas before the first bar and after the last bar.

7Continued….

Colours - The colours and type of ink you choose for your bar code symbols is very important to create a better contrast.

“The most suitable and reliable colour combination is black bars on a white background.”

Substrate - The substrate (the material the bar code symbol is printed on) is very important.

Bar Widths - Ensure that the bars in the symbol are clearly defined, watch for voids or smudging, and avoid patches in the background colour.

8TYPES OF BARCODE

UPC (Universal Product Code) UPC version A UPC Version E Other Versions :-

UPC version BUPC version CUPC version D

EAN (European Article Number) EAN-8 Version EAN-13Version

UPC A, UPC E & EAN – 8, EAN – 13 are most widely used.

9Continued….

UPC version A : It is the basic version of UPC and is

usually seen on grocery store items. This is the symbology that encodes 12 digits. First & last digit always placed outside the symbol to indicate quiet zones that are necessary for barcode scanners to work properly. UPC Version E :

UPC version E is the next most common version of UPC. It is zero suppression version of UPC. The code is smaller because it drops out zeros. It has only six digit with no guard pattern.

10Continued….

EAN-8 Version : EAN-8 is an 8 digit code. EAN-8

has a left hand guard pattern, two set of four parity digits separated by a center guard pattern and a right hand guard pattern.

EAN-13Version : EAN-13 is a 13 digit code. EAN-13 has 10 numeric characters. First digit is always placed outside the symbol, additionally right quiet indicator (>) is used to indicate quiet zone, that are necessary for barcode scanner to work properly.

11BARCODE TECHNOLOGY

Softwere Installation :Software installed in a computer

generates a unique bar code - the black & white lines which actually represents a unique identification tag. Special BARCODE Thermal Printer :

Printed & pasted on product. Thermal Paper :

It changes colour to black when heated. Bar Code Reader :

Reads & identifies the unique code & matches with the details of product already present in the computer.

12BARCODE REPRESENTATION

It can be represented in two forms-a.) 1D or Linear barcode representation.b.) 2D or Matrix barcode representation.

a.) 1D or Linear representation : If the barcode represented data in width ( lines) & the spacing of parallel lines, then it will be referred to as a 1D or Linear barcode representation . 

Ex. : All version of UPC & EAN . b.) 2D or Matrix representation : If the barcode represented in squares, dots,

hexagon & other geometric patterns with in image termed as 2D or Matrix barcode representation.

Ex. QR Codes.

13Continued….

1D BARCODE REPRESENTATION EXAMPLE -

UPC-A barcode symbol

EAN-13 barcode symbol

2D OR MATRIX REPRESENTATION :

It is similar to a linear (1-dimensional) barcode,

but has more data representation capability.

EXAMPLE - QR Code

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ADVANTAGES OF BARCODE Fast-selling items can be identified quickly. Build-up of unwanted stock of slow-selling items can be

stopped. Repositioning of item in a store can be monitored. Packing by manufacturers. A relational database is created like order number, items

packed, quantity packed, final destination, etc.

15DISADVANTAGES OF BARCODE

Source of additional cost - The main disadvantage is that when data is coded in the barcode. This can be an additional cost.

A scanner system is required eachtime to see the details encoded.

Complete system setup is needed to encode and decode data.

A slight defect in barcode can cause decoding problems.

16APPLICATIONS OF BARCODEBar Code is essentially used for 100% accurate & speedy data entry.

The major applications are – Retail. Manufacturing. Quantity & Quality control. Packing. Ware housing. Service industry such as Courier Industry, Hospital and Library Management. Export Industry.

17CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Technology behind barcodes is constantly improving. This greatly helps in keeping track of a large number of items in a

store. Reduces instances of shoplifting involving price tag swapping. The tracking of item movement, including rental cars, airline

luggage, nuclear waste, mail and parcels . Entertainment, sports arenas, etc tickets can have barcodes. This can

allow to identify duplicate tickets more easily.“BARCODE WILL ALWAYS BE IN USE UNTIL A BETTER TECHNIQUE IS

DEVELOPED.”

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THANKYOUEVERYONE

THAT IS ALL FOR TODAY’S PRESENTATION ON “BARCODE”