baroque art
DESCRIPTION
Baroque Art. Professor A. D’Ascoli. Baroque Era. 1611 King James Bible is published 1612 Foundation of New York by the Dutch 1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years' War, which devastates much of the German region 1619 First African slaves in Virginia 1636 Foundation of Harvard College. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Baroque Art
Professor A. D’Ascoli
Baroque EraBaroque Era
• 1611 King James Bible is published• 1612 Foundation of New York by the
Dutch• 1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years' War,
which devastates much of the German region
• 1619 First African slaves in Virginia• 1636 Foundation of Harvard College
Baroque Art CharacteristicsBaroque Art Characteristics
• Symmetry still applies in architecture• Classical themes are replaced by religious ones
in the classical style• Ornate, rich, lavish decorations inside and even
outside• Attempt to show power of the Church• Emotional and violent portrayals• Strong contrast between light and dark colors• Trompe l’oiel (fool the eye) painted illusions
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• St Peter’s façade• 1607 – 1615• Rome, Italy• Architecture• Artist: Carlo Maderno• Changed Michelangelo’s
Greek cross plan to Latin cross to accommodate large crowds
• Largest of any church in Europe
• Uses symmetrical order to connect the stories
• Grand theatrical work to evoke power of Pope
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Piazza di San Pietro• 1657• Rome, Italy• Architecture• Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini• Plaza and colonnade
represent the outstretched arms of the church encircling the faithful
• Fountains align exactly
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Baldacchino• Rome, Italy• 1624 – 1633• Sculpture• Artist: Bernini• Altar that sits directly over
St. Peter’s tomb• Bronze that this is made
of was taken from the Pantheon’s roof by order of Barberini family
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• David• 1623• Rome, Italy• Sculpture• Artist: Bernini• David caught in the
middle of hurling the stone
• Amazing skill is seen here in the expression, clothing and details of muscles and veins
Blessed Ludovica Albertoni1671-1674Rome, ItalySculptureArtist: BerniniShows her dying but in religious ecstasy at the same timeNot a saint yet, just beatified – claimed she could levitate and perform miracles
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• St. Theresa in
Ecstasy• 1645 – 1652• Rome, Italy• Sculpture• Artist: Bernini• Moment when angel
is piercing St Theresa’s heart with the arrow of pure love of God, her face in divine pleasure (almost erotic)
BerniniBernini
BerniniBernini
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• San Carlo alle Quattro
Fontane• 1638 – 1667• Rome, Italy• Architecture• Artist: Francesco Borromini• Church is on an intersection of
narrow streets upon each corner is a fountain
• Curvilinear surface is a unique aspect of Borromini’s work
• Unique space called for unique church – columns of a made up classical order
Dome of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
1665-1676
Rome, Italy
Architecture
Francesco Borromini
Dove painted in center represents the Holy Spirit
Chapel of Saint Ivo1642
Rome, Italy
Architecture
Francesco Borromini
Most famous architect of the Baroque – he and Bernini were rivals
Known for using curved lines and spaces rather than the straight symmetry of the Renaissance
Chapel of Santissima Sindone
1667-1694
Turin, Italy
Architecture
Guarino Guarini
The Shroud of Turin rests here
Multi-layered dome causes unique perspective
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Calling of St. Matthew• 1599 – 1602• Rome, Italy• Painting• Artist: Caravaggio• Seated at a bar St
Matthew is called to Jesus
• The use of light makes this into a religious experience
• Christ’s halo is barely visible
• Tenebrism – in a dark manner
Conversion of Saint Paul
ca. 1601
Rome, Italy
Painting - oil on canvasapproximately 7 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. 9 in.
Caravaggio
Caravaggio is considered the greatest of the Italian Baroque painters, his use of light to cause spotlight effects is one of his great innovations in art
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• The Entombment• 1603• Rome, Italy• Painting• Artist: Caravaggio• The stone slab is placed at
eye height to give the viewer the sense that he/she is in the tomb ready to receive Christ’s body
• Self portrait snuck in here• Caravaggio’s saints are
regular people – common looking – an aspect that got him in a lot of trouble during his career
David Victorious over Goliath
1599
Rome, Italy
Painting - oil on canvas43 1/4 x 35 7/8 in.
Caravaggio
Heavily influenced his pupil Gentileschi as can readily be seen in this compared to Judith Slaying Holofernes
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Judith Slaying Holofernes• 1620• Rome, Italy• Painting• Artist: Artemesia Gentilischi• In the style of Caravaggio’s
tenebrism• She was a female artist• The light is used as a sort of
spotlight to the main characters in the work
• A lot of her art portrayed violence – many say associated with her being sexually assaulted at 15
Judith and her Maidservant
ca. 1612-1613
Rome, Italy
Painting - oil on canvas44 7/8 x 36 13/16 in.
Artemisia Gentileschi
Note the head is now in the basket
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Triumph of St. Ignatius Loyola
• 1691 – 1694• Rome, Italy• Painting• Artist: Fra Andrea Pozzo• Ceiling of Sant’Ignazio in
Rome• Illusionist Baroque style –
flat ceiling line is gone – looks like it goes up into space
Triumph of St. IgnatiusTriumph of St. Ignatius
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• The Bedroom• 1663• Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Pieter de
Hooch• Baroque Dutch
painting focused on details of everyday life
• Painting above doorway to show art is in everyday life
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Jolly Toper• 1628 – 1630• Amsterdam, Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Frans Hals• Spontaneity is captured
here instead of the usual stiff seated portraits
• Balancing a glass of wine in one hand and gesturing with the other
• He did not blend the brushstrokes
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Boy Playing a Flute• 1630 – 1635• Amsterdam, Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Judith Leyster• A follower of Hals• Depicted animated
scenes from daily life like this one
• Use of light and shadow
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• The Night Watch• 1642• Amsterdam, Netherlands• Artist: Rembrandt• Painting• The event painted took place
in the morning but years of candle soot and age caused it to be known as the Night Watch in error due to its darkening
• All men in the painting paid equally for its commission
• Composed along diagonal lines
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Self-Portrait• 1669• Amsterdam, Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Rembrandt• His last self-portrait of well
over 60• Contours have become
looser• Painting himself as he was
– it was an insightful reflection not like the paintings of Durer at all
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Young Woman with a Water Pitcher
• 1664 – 1665• Delft, Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Jan Vermeer• Ordinary daily life activities
in ordinary surroundings was Vermeer’s signature style
• The light shines in producing shadows in all its subtleties
Girl with the Pearl Earring
1670-1675?
The Hague, Netherlands
Painting - oil on canvas18 x 16 in.
Jan Vermeer
His most famous painting – even made into a movie
Focus is on the pearl, may not even be a real person
Called “The Mona Lisa of the North”
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• The Love Letter• 1669 – 1670• Amsterdam, Netherlands• Painting• Artist: Jan Vermeer• Composed in a series of
rectangles formed in perspective
• Paintings hang on the wall, a laundry basket and the letter itself adorn this painting
Elevation of the Cross
1610
Antwerp, Belgium
Painting - oil on panel15 ft. 2 in. x 11 ft. 2 in.
Peter Paul Rubens
Rubens focuses on musculature much like Michelangelo in his early work, this will change in his works
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Marie de’ Medici, Queen of
France, Landing in Marseilles• 1622 – 1625• Antwerp, Brussels• Painting• Artist: Peter Paul Rubens• Gained his fame from
European royal courts, especially Marie de’ Medici
• Full of drama for such an ordinary situation
• Plump females were his trademark “Rubenesque”
The Three Graces1636- 1639
Paris, France
Painting - oil on canvas87 in. x 71 1/4 in.
Peter Paul Rubens
This is Rubens 2nd wife and her 2 sisters – seems they had scoliosis
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Portrait of Charles I at the
Hunt• 1635• London, England• Painting• Artist: Anthony van Dyck• Painting captures the king’s
attitude of control and calm while contrasting it with the unsettled horse and the struggling groom
• Van Dyck was an assistant to Rubens originally
Self-Portrait
ca. 1630
Haarlem, Netherlands
Painting - oil on canvas2 ft. 5 3/8 in. x 2 ft. 1 5/8 in.
Judith Leyster
A student of Hals
She became one of the first truly successful female painters
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Las Meninas (Maids of Honor)• 1656• Madrid, Spain• Painting• Artist: Diego Velazquez• Both a family portrait and a
genre scene at the same time• Velazquez himself (behind
canvas) as well as the king and queen (in mirror at back of room) have all been placed in the painting surreptitiously as the princess and her maids pose
• Considered his masterpiece and possibly the most recognizable painting in the world
.
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Rape of the Sabine
Women• 1636 – 1637• Paris, France• Painting• Artist: Poussin• Diagonals, and verticals
aid in perspective • Figures seem frozen in a
moment rather than fluid• Style that is meant to
appeal to the mind not the eye
Et in Arcadia Ego
ca. 1655
Paris, France
Painting - oil on canvas2 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft.
Nicholas Poussin
Became more famous in modern times because of Da Vinci Code and Rennes le Chateau mystery as it is said to lead to clues to Christ and the Magdalen’s tomb in France.
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Palace du Louvre East Façade
• 1667 – 1670• Paris, France• Architecture• Artists: Louis Le Vau,
Charles Le Brun & Claude Perrault
• A return to strict classical forms began during the late Baroque era in France – it would develop into a style known as Neo-Classicism
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Gardens at the
Chateau of Versailles• 1662 – 1668• Versailles, France• Architecture/Sculpture• Artist: Andre le Notre• Natural world turned to
geometric shapes in symmetrical patterns
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Garden Façade Versailles
• 1669• Versailles, France• Architecture• Artist: Louis le Vau• This is the rear of the
palace at Versailles facing the gardens; strict classicism was still followed for this structure
VersaillesVersailles
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Hall of Mirrors• 1680• Versailles, France• Architecture• Artists: Charles le Brun &
Jules Hardoun-Mansart• 240 ft long but only 34 ft
wide and 43 ft high it gives the appearance of a tunnel
• The window side overlooks the gardens
• Symbol of French Baroque elegance
Eglise de Dome/ Church of the Invalides
1676-1706
Paris, France
Jules Hardouin-Mansart
French military church and hospital
Now also a museum of the French military
Napoleon’s tomb is also inside
Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• St. Paul’s Cathedral• 1675 – 1700• London, England• Architecture• Artist: Christopher Wren• A Baroque interpretation
of the Pantheon of Rome• Columns are arranged in
pairs – a characteristically Baroque feature
• Also added a lantern to the dome
• The 2 towers are also Baroque in style
Interior of Vierzehnheiligen
1743-1772
Staffelstein, Germany
Architecture
Balthasar Neumann
German Baroque is extremely detailed and extravagant
Assumption of the Virgin
1723
Rohr, Germany
Architecture
Egid Asam
Light from window makes it a seemingly heavenly experience
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Harpsichord• 1658• Germany• Painting/Sculpture• Artist: Jerome de Zentis• In the Baroque era, the
harpsichord was a key instrument used by both Bach and Handel in their compositions and performances
• Strings were plucked not hammered by a mechanism inside
Salon de la Princesse
1737-1740
Paris, France
Achitecture
Architect - Germain Boffrand with Painting by Charles-Joseph Natoire and Sculpture by J.B. Lemoine
Considered by some to be Rococo – not Baroque as it is too extravagant
Spanish BaroqueSpanish Baroque
• Christ Embracing St. Bernard
• 1625-1627• Valencia, Spain• Painting• Artist: Francisco Ribalta• Actually depicts Christ’s
descent from the cross into the Saint’s arms
Spanish BaroqueSpanish Baroque• Immaculate Conception• 1678• Madrid, Spain• Painting• Artist: Bartolome Esteban
Murillo• The idea of the immaculate
conception of Mary came out of Seville Spain in 1617, it is a recent Catholic addition to the dogma
• So Spanish artists were the first to portray it
Spanish BaroqueSpanish Baroque
• The Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew
• 1634• Naples, Italy• Painting• Artist: Jusepe de
Ribera• Heavily influenced by
Caravaggio as he worked in Italy
Spanish BaroqueSpanish Baroque• Christ on the Cross• 1627• Llerena, Spain• Painting• Artist: Francisco de Zubaran• Creates illusion of super-reality and
expresses the dual nature of Christ• One of his most famous works
Spanish BaroqueSpanish Baroque
• Cristo Yacente• 1625-1630• Valladolid, Spain• Sculpture• Artist: Gregorio
Fernandez• Lifelike and the gore
caused quite a stir
Baroque ArtBaroque Art
• Chapel of the Rosary• 1690• Puebla, Mexico• Architecture• Inside Church of Santo
Domingo• Baroque style pushed
to the limits of design and decoration
• Full of flourishes and gilded gold
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Frontispiece of Leviathan• 1651• London, England• Ink and Pen• Written by Thomas
Hobbes• The body of the king is
made up of his subjects referring to the social contract betweens government and the people
• A supported government rules of over a well fortified land at peace
• The Leviathan is seen as a defense of monarchial rule
Baroque ArtBaroque Art• Telescope• 1609• Florence, Italy• Sculpture and Glasswork• Artist: Galileo Galilei• Galilei was able to
contradict the Ptolemaic view of a geocentric universe by observing the motions of the heavens
• He was excommunicated for his views and told to recant them publicly
The end . . .The end . . .
Next lecture . . . Next lecture . . .
The 18The 18thth century century