Basic Shot Vocabulary

Establishing shot: 1 – 3 shots that sets the scene for your video. It establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.

Basic Shot Vocabulary

B-Roll: Any video that is not an interview. It can be any type of person, movement, or a location.

Subject: Person(s) or object(s) being photographed

Types of Shots

Low Angle: Camera below the subject

High Angle: Camera above subject

Types of Shots

Wide Shot: All of the subject and his/her/its surroundings is visible

Medium Shot: Most or all of the subject is visible

Types of Shots

Close Up Shot: A portion of the subject is in the frame

Tight Shot: A smaller portion of the subject that reveals the fine details.

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

What type of shot?

Sequencing

Wide Medium Tight

WALLDO

Wide Angled - any other shot Low angle Linking - pan or tilt. Follow action Depth - Rack focus. manual focus

setting Opposite - reaction shot

Tips

Look for action, even in an empty room WMT WALLDO Check for sound Can edit sound later Foley sound – create your own

sound effects and add to video later

Plan Today

Shoot wide (:10) Medium (:10) Close up (:10) Close (:10) to pull back wide (:10) WALLDO

Shot practice

• Videography - 1:30 • Nat sound and sequences unedited. • Make a shot list and storyboard for planning

WMT WALLDO What programs and brainstorm techniques you want

to try

Editing practice

Look up a trick at home Edit your video here Watch programs and brainstorm

techniques

Reaction Shots

Person reacting with facial expression, quick comment/reaction Wow!, tastes good, I knew it!

Representational Video

For news stories Example Story is on girl who was raped Car driving on dark street Door locking Back of car seen with headlights Empty park with swing swinging (find the action)

Break your shot into 9 boxes Don’t aim dead center Line your subject up with one of the corners of the

center box Give your subject dimension

Rule of Thirds

Rule of Thirds

Pullback Shot: Medium shot

smoothly moves to wide shot Push-in Shot: Wide shot smoothly

moves to close-up shot

Shooting

Tilt: Angle lens up or down

Pan: Sweeping lens left or right

Truck: Physically move camera

Shooting

Definition: Any video that is not an interview

Important to match video to words Get as much B-roll as possible Get video of subjects working so you can use it to

cover any sound bites Action is important Empty rooms are boring

B-Roll

Consistency between movie or broadcast parts:

consistency in the details from one part of a movie or broadcast to another

Unchanging quality: the fact of staying the same, of being consistent throughout, or of not stopping or being interrupted

Continuity

180 Degree Rule

An imaginary line called the axis connects the

subject/object Keep the camera on one side of this axis for every

shot in the scene If the camera passes over the axis, it is called

crossing the line or jumping the line

180 Degree Rule

Jack should be kept on the right side always Butler should be on left side always

In The Shining -- Stanley Kubrick shoots wide shots from both directions, a 180 degree flip, crossing the line

Dry Run: A rehearsal without the cameras on and

the video tape machines recording

Ratings Point: Percentage total of TVs that are tuned to a particular program

Ratings Share: Percentage of TVs being watched that are tuned to a particular program

Chroma key: Electronic process where green screen background that can be changed using an image

Television

Hand held: Cardio pattern of sound – picks up noise in a

heart pattern around the head of it. Boom: Directional microphone attached to a pole or arm;

is flexible to sound source with shotgun pick up Lav: Cardio pattern of sound Attaches to interviewee and

picks up his/her voice. Be carful if he/she turns head so sound is still good

Microphone tips: Hold away from subject’s mouth Hold under your chin Eliminates breathiness and tongue clacking Can't fix distortion, reverberation, background noise

Microphones

Complete Script: All formatted shows, except for live

interviews, demonstrations, play-by-play sports, game shows

Help on-air person (no teleprompter): Write script on back of prop Write lines on cue cards On-air person wears ear piece to transmit

Editing scripts: Edit out politically incorrect language

Scripts

Shooting Reminders

Reminders about shooting Variety of shots Get B-roll Finish action in shot – person/object

needs to leave shot and complete action 180 rule – Continuity

Video Requirements

Two Interviews ALL original video No photos unless ok’d by teacher Story should not be bias Get all perspectives Students Teachers Administrators Anyone else involved you an think of!

Focus Statement

A succinct statement that summarizes what will be learned about the situation. Consists of a noun and a verb.

Examples: - Soccer Loses Stars - New Schedule Working - Mountain Biking Begins

Man on the Street

Interviewing a stranger Purpose: Get immediate reactions or to take a poll.

Cutaways

Interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else

Watch The Headroom

Leave 10-15 percent space above the subject’s head and the top of the frame. More than 20 percent will most likely result in wasted space, which is boring and/or distracting. Less than 20 percent could make the subject appear crammed into the frame.

Watch The Headroom

There are some exceptions to the less than 20 percent rule, such as going for a tight face shot to reveal tension.

Watch The Headroom

The same rule applies if the photographer is shooting an object instead of a person—be it a tree, a car, a sign, or a building.

And Storyboards

Why Script or Storyboard?

Planning: Video and Audio Organize Information (On Air People,

Narration, Dialogue, Facts) Story Arc Communication Tool for Production Team

Television Script

Two Columns Left Hand Column: All Video Details Right Hand Column: All Audio Details

Standard Television Script

Video Audio MD: Baseball Player w/bat on shoulders

SOT Player: “The Cubs are the greatest team in the world.”

CU: Baseball Player Face SOT Player: “Just kidding!”

T: Hands on Bat T: Cleats Kicking Dirt T: Eyes Hat Brim T: Top of Bat

M/UP: “Tubular Bells”

MD: Player Hits Ball

Abbreviations

Video T: Tight Shot CU: Close Up MD: Medium Shot WS: Wide Shot L: Low Angle H: High Angle

Audio SOT: Sound Bite NAT: Natural

Sound M: Music M/UP: Music Up

Full M/UN: Background

Why Storyboard?

Easier to read Easier to write

Writing A Storyboard

Writing A Storyboard