better city – better life heinz-peter mang & ina patricia jurga institute of energy and...
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Better city – better life
Heinz-Peter MANG
&
Ina Patricia JURGA
Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection (IEEP)
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering (CAAE)
E-mail: [email protected]
International Conference on
Mega Cities- Mega problems
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( Old) Mega cities- mega problems
Cloaca Maxima
Ancient Rome
Fresh water via Aquaduct
New Mega Cities - Same old Problems....
• High sanitary investment costs• Leaching sewers, blocked pipes leads to
groundwater pollution, and high maintenance costs
• Conventional sanitation systems are inflexible to rapid urban development
• High amount of drinking water is used to flush, dilute and transport a little amount of polluting wastewater
Developing Chinas urban (waste)water system will require $12 billion before 2010 (with 60% coverage)
Water 21, Oct 2004
Beijing - 12 MioBangalore - 6 Mio Malta – Valletta - 0.3 Mio Beijing - 15 Mio
Beijing (15 Million)
Hosting WORLD TOILET SUNMIT 2004• 3000 public toilets will be renovated• Alone from 10 Toilets in the Forbidden
City 150 t collected per year• US$29 million over the last three years on
building or renovating 747 latrines at scenic spots.
• Still 5% of the population depends only on public toilets
Shanghai (20 Million)
Hosting WORLD TOILET EXPO& FORUM 2005• Currently 3,640 public toilets, whereof 2085 are
governmental runned, otheres are private• Shanghai Administration on City Appearance and
Environmental Sanitation• Today 1,1 Mio public toilet users/day, • Expected for 2010, 4 Mio. public toilet users/day• 4000 tons/day of nightsoil still colleted from house-
to-house services
Public toilet standard
• The city sanitary departments issued the following standards for new build toilets:
• - good design,• - considering potty parity, • - facilities for handicapped and child-friendly
design,• - consider different cultures and toilet habits• - easy access to the toilets by signs and maps,• - cleaning service provision and toilet operation,• - environmental friendly & recycling oriented.
Potty Parity ???
• Women pay 0,5 Yuan Men pay 0,3 Yuan
• Plan 1 Yuan for each ?!
• Ratio for women:men 3:2 by 2010
Toilet Management
Examples in China
Greywater recycling, Kempinski Hotel Beijing
Composting toilets and constructed wetlandDean Group, Ningbo
DEWATS
Sino-German Vocational Training Center, Shanghai
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Jinshui
Jinshui
Shengtaijie
Sinnichi
0,4 liters
Huajie
Ecological Sanitation for cities
Ecocity Builder Association & Dean Group (2003)
Decentralised treatment alternatives:
DEWATS 分散式废水处理系统DEcentralised WAstewater Treatment Systems
Suitable Technologies
Baffled septic tank
Biogas
Constructed wetlands
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eCombination of different low-maintenance technologies:
GERES & BORDA & BRTC (1994)
BRTC/ BORDA/ GTZ research project (2004)
Separate urine, greywater, faeces to:
Bathroom -, Kitchen & brown water • Improve effluent quality• Reduce the size of treatment• Economical benefit
And
Urine • Support organic agriculture• Prime material for fertilizer companies
Wenjiang, Chengdu
Vacuum Pipe Work
InterfaceValve Unit
VacuumStation
ROEVAC® Vacuum Sewage System
airVacuum Pipe Work
public toilets - Shanghai Formula 1
Save water for transport!
Semi-Centralised treatment alternatives:
Membrane Technology 膜技术
Suitable Technologies
Irrigation冲洗 Service Water自来水
生物转盘
膜过滤Mechanical preliminary
treatment
Rotating biological contactors SBBR biofilm reactor
VRM membrane reactor
www.huadugreen.com www.huber.de
Challenges
• Dimensioning / frequency of use / number of
users. • Collection and transportation of urine and faeces
to farms.• Utilisation of products • Misuse• Service provision• Financial resources are required and cooperation
with private donors is recommended.
Considerations for Mega Cities1) Consider the whole range of feasible technologies with public
and environmental health aspects as priority.
2) Household Centered or Neighbourhood Oriented Environmental Sanitation approachs.
3) Sustainable technology should be low-cost and should require low energy input and low mechanisation.
4) Simple in operation. Prefer local labour. The maintenance should be done by local community or local contractors. Further more not relying on expensive (chemical) input.
5) Recovery of resources.
6) Technology system should be capable of being step-be step upgraded, as user demand or quality standards increase.
Water is life – sanitation is dignity!
• World Toilet Summit - November 2001 in Singapore• World Toilet Summit - October 2002 in Seoul • World Toilet Summit - November 2003 in Taipeh• World Toilet Conference - November 2004 in Beijing• World Toilet Expo & Forum - May 2005 in Shanghai• World Toilet Conference - September 2005 in Belfast• World Toilet Summit - September 2006 in Moscow• World Toilet Expo & Forum - November 2006 in Bangkok• today 37 Toilet Organizations in 35 Countries• World Toilet Day 19th of November• ecosan related Tsunami Relief Work in Sri Lanka since 2005• WORLD TOILET COLLEGE in Partnership with Singapore Polytechnics
Your partner
Thank you! 谢谢