bi asimilacia saxelmwifo SeteviTi

programebis meSveobiT

leqcia # 6

1. mimoxilva

• qbi akrZalva– slaidi 1

• akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi– slaidebi 2 - 11

• saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia– slaidebi 12 - 17

• bioterorizmi – slaidebi 18 -20

2. qbi akrZalva

• molekuluri biologiis zrdasTan erTad qimia da biologia sul ufro dauaxlovdnen erTmaneTs

• istoriulad qbi akrZalva Cadebuli iyo 1925 wlis Jenevis protokolSi , Semdgom maTi ar gamoyeneba or xelSekrulebaSi gaformda – 1975 wlis biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvencia (btik), da 1997 wlis qimiuri iaraRis konvencia (qik)

• es sami saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba gamyarebulia rigi sxva dokumentebiT, rogorebicaa, magaliTad eqsportis kontroli im saqmeSi, rasac “kontrolis qseli” ewodeba, magram saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi usafrTxoebas mTlianad ver uzrunvelyofs, vinaidan saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebSi, kerZod, btik-Si, aris susti mxareebi

3. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (i)

• I msoflio omis win– “SeiaraRebis sakiTxi im iaraRiT, rasac Cven

dRe qimiur saomar saSualebebs vuwodebT (qss), 1914 wlamde Seiswavleboda

ramodenime qveyanaSi, maT Soris did britaneTSi, germaniasa da iaponiaSi. es

adreuli kvlevebi Zalian mokrZalebuli iyo, da misi mamoZravebeli ufro metad iyo sawarmoo qimiis

zrda, da ara samxedro saWiroebebis gacnobiereba: am iaraRis Seqmnis Semdeg mis mimarT

samxedroebis interesi sakmaod dabali iyo.”

4. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (ii)

• I msoflio omis Semdeg• “1918 wlis SuaSi milioni adamiani gaxda qss

SeiaraRebis msxverpli, da orive mxares iyo saartilerio danayofebi, romlebic momwamvlel gazebs igive raodenobiT isrodnen, rogorc asafeTqebel saSualebebs. qss iaraRi gadaiqca, rogorc Cven axla vuwodebT, “tradiciul iaraRad”. isini CarTuli iyo dominantur doqtrinaSi, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis yoveldRiur cxovrebasa da organizaciaSi. isini gaxda, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, CarTuli “asimilaciis” procesSi, rogorc samxedro, aseve samoqalaqo teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.”

5. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (iii)

• II msoflio omis Semdeg• “es aris gulaxdili pasuxebi Cvens samive

SekiTxvaze * ar aris gansasjeli. II msoflio omSi magatjvebuli qvEYnebis umravleosbam ganaviTara bi programebi, radgan am saxis iaraRi Zalain mniSvnelovania sapasuxo moqmedebebis Casatareblad, da maT gaagrZeles an daiwyes igive mizezebis gamo. or qveyanas [samxreTi afrika da erayi] , romelTac SeteviTi programebi saukunis meore naxevarSi daiwyes, agreTve samxedro mizezebi gaaCndaT...”

6. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (iv)

• mosazrebebi qik – ze molaparakebebisaTvis – “xelSekrulebis samuSao varianti… iyo saTuTi

struqtura, romelSic kompromiss aRwevda eqvs ZiriTad sakiTxze: valdebulebebis masStabi, Sesabamisobis dadastureba …erTmaneTs awonasworebdnen...”

– “…potenciuri mxareebi, sinamdvileSi, iyo moqveuli, raTa gadaewyvitaT… ukeTesi iyo, rom erTianad mieRwiaT, da ara cal-calke…”

7. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (v)

• “…nebismieri ganviTareba an Secvla, romelic badebs SekiTxvas, emxroba Tu ara qveyana btik-s, iqneba didi gamowveva xelSekrulebisaTvis. Tu qveynebis umravlesobas an mraval qveyanas gauCndeba amgvari SekiTxva, gamowveva ufro seriozuli iqneba... TiToeuli monawile qveynisaTvis mudmivi SEkiTxva sargebeli qik reJimidan gadawonis Tu ara momsaxurebis Rirebulebas da nebismieri jarimis kompensacia aris Tu ara erovnuli interesebisaTvis: reJimSi yofna jobs Tu mis gareT?”

8. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (vi)

• mniSvnelovani safrTxeebis CamonaTvali– qimiuri iaraRis axali sawarmoebi

• saomari saSualebebis xasiaTis Secvla• axali codna sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi• teroriamis sawinaaRmdego axali iaraRi

– qimiuri iaraRis gavrceleba– erovnuli interesebis gaTvaliswineba– gamanadgurebeli ugulebelyofa– mcicavi dakanoneba

9. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (vii)• general rupert smitis Sexeduleba Tanamedrove

omis Sesaxeb– “dasasruli, romlisTvisac Cven vibrZviT, cdeba qveynebs

Soris industriuli omis myar ganyenebul miznebs– Cven vebrZviT adamianebs– Cvens konfliqts dasasruli ar uCans– vibrZviT, rom Zalebi ar davkargoT– yovelTvis gamoiZebneba Zveli iaraRis gamoyenebis erTi

axali gza mainc… vinaidan industriuli omis saSualebebi xSirad adamianebs SorisaTvis gamosadegi araa

– mxareebs umTavresad ara qveynebi warmoadgenen…”

10. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (viii)

• “…bolo ori aTwleulis manZilze ganviTarebulma konfliqtebma balkaneTSi, kavkasiaSi, afrikis koncxze, ruandaSi, liberiaSi, siera leoneSi, angolaSi, Sri lankaSi, avRaneTsa da eraySi SeWris Semdeg waSala manamde mkafio sazRvrebi oms, organizebul danaSaulebebsa da adamianis uflebebis mZime darRvevebs Soris. es omebi miznad isaxavda gadaadgilebis meSveobiT politikuri kontrolis mopovebas, an, ufro uaresi, mosaxleobis gandevnas da SiSisa da zizRis danergvas. vinaidan qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebam SeiZleba tavad moitanos amgvari Sedegebi, isini SeiZleba ufro gamosadegi iyos axal omebSi, vidre Zvelad. ase rom, miuxedavad qik-isa, iaraRs SeiZleba didi momavali hqondes…”

11. akrZalvis reJimis safrTxeebi (ix)

• “qimiuri iaraRis axleburad gamoyenebis meore wyaro aris sicocxlis Sesaxeb mecnierebebSi axlad mopovebuli codnis gamoyeneba ise, rom maT mogvawodon Setevis axali gzebi, rac SeiZleba samxedro an politikuri TvalsazrisiT axali iaraRis gamogonebisaTvis gamodges. magaliTad, Tu aRmoCndeba axali molekula, romelic dabali dozebiT gamoyenebis SemTxevvaSi gamoiwvevs adamianis dauZlurebas, misgan iaraRis damzadeba gamoiwvevs….es arcTu Soreuli perspeqtivaa...”

12. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (i)

• “yvela tradiciuli bi agenti bunebrivad aRmocenebuli organizmia, an mis toqsiur produqts warmoadgens. biologiuri saomari saSualebebis mecnieris TvalsazrisiT, tradiciul bi agentebs axasiaTebT niSnebis mTeli jgufi: toqsiuroba, stabiluroba, da dagrovebis simartive.… swored aman gadaawyvetina mecnierebs SeerCiaT es organizmebi [magram] agreTve SezRuda bi gamoyeneba xelmisawvdomi agenetebis maxasiaTeblebiT.”

13. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (ii)

• “rekombinantuli dnm teqnologiebis SemosvliT, mkvlevarebma SeimuSaves organizmis genetikuri Semadgenlobis Secvlis standartuli meTodika. am teqnologiis gamoyenebam tradiciuli biologiuri saomari saSualebebis agentebis gasaZliereblad Sedegad moitana genetikurad mogificirebuli bi agentebis klasifikacia …magaliTebi…moicavs antibiotikebisadmi rezistentobas, aerozolis mometebul stabilurobas, an aweul paTogenurobas..”

14. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (iii)

• “axlad aRmocenebuli bioteqnologiebi albaT migviyvans bi agentis ganviTarebis paradigmis gadawevamde; momavlis biologiuri agentebi racionalurad unda iyos mimarTuli adamianis specifiur biologiur sistemebze molekulur doneze. es aris gadaxveva bi agentebis ganviTarebis tradiciuli modelidan, romelic fokusirebulia bunebrivad warmoqmnil agentze, da ara samizne organizmze.”

15. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (iv)

mowinave biologiuri agentebi

genetikurad modificirebuli tradiciuli agentebi /bioqimiuri agentebi tradiciuli agentebi

winagenomikis era genomikis era genomikis era (bioteqnologiis saukune)

1999sekvenirebulia adamianis genomi

202020031940’s

Threat

16. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (v)

• SeteviTi programis ganviTarebis etapebi. nawili (i)– “1. erTi an meti sawarmos Seqmna da Statis

Camoyalibeba, organizaciuli da fizikuri pirobebi samuSaos gasaidumloebulad sawarmoeblad;

– 2. mikrobuli paTogenebis da toqsinebis kvleva, virulenturi an wamlebisadmi rezistentuli Stamebis gamoyofis an Sesyidvis CaTvliT;

– 3. agentis piloturi produqciis gamoSveba fialebSi an mcire permentor sistemebSi;

– 4. agentis daxasiaTeba da samxedro potencialis Sefaseba stabilurobis, infeqciurobis, infeqciis mimdinareobis, dozirebis da aerozolis saxiT gafrqvevis SesaZleblobis CaTvliT;

– 5. gavrcelebis aRWurvilobis kvleva, dizaini, ganviTareba, da testireba ;

– 6. agentis ufro didi moculobiT warmoeba (SesaZloa ramodenime etapad) da liofilizacia;”

17. saxelmwifo programebSi asimilacia (vi)

• SeteviTi programis ganviTarebis etapebi. nawili (ii)– “7. agentis stabilizacia (mag., mikroskopul

kapsulebSi moTavsebiT) da maTi CatvirTva gasafrqvev cisternebSi, WurvebSi an sxva gadasatan sistemebSi; da

– 8. savse an carieli gadasatani aRWurvilobis da manqanebis maragis Seqmna, SesaZlebelia sajariso nawilebis treiningiT, savarjiSoebiT da doqtrinis semusaveba”

18. bioterorizmi (i)• aum Sinrikio da qbi

– 1995 wels iaponurma religiurma seqtam – aum Sinrikiom – zarinis gaziT ganaxorciela Seteva tokios metroze, ris Sedegadac daiRupa 12 adamiani da daSavda daaxl. 1,000.

– 1990 – 1995 wlebSi aum ecada gamoeyenebina biologiuri iaraRi jilexisa da botulizmis toqsinis CaTvliT, magram teqnikuri gaumarTaobis gamo es mcdelobebi marcxiT dasrulda

– btik –is ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb iaponiam 2001 wels SemoiRo kanoni, riTac ebrZoda biologiur danaSaulebebs. magram bioterorizmTan gamklaveba kvlav ver moaxerxa.

19. bioterorizmi (ii)

• salmonelozi oregonSi– “salmonelozis afeTqeba, romelmac 751 adamiani

moicva, gamowveuli iyo restoranSi salaTebis magidis gamiznulad dabinZurebiT religiuri dajgufebis mier. es iyo sakvebiemieri daavadebis yvelaze didi afeTqeba ...aSS-Si 1984 wels.

– afeTqebis wyaro iyo S.Typhimurium –is Stami, romli sabolood identifikacia moxda 1985 wlis oqtomberSi. samarTaldamcvelebis mier gamoZiebis dros oregonis sazogadoebrivi jabdacvis laboratoriaSi oficialurad iqna aRmoCenili Ria flakoni komerciuli kulturiani diskebiT, romlebic Seicavda S.Typhimurium –s . klinikur laboratoriaSi moqmedebda religiuri dajgufeba...”

20. bioterorizmi (iii)

• teroristuli kampania– “…Tavdamsxmeli, romelic iyenebs biologiur iaraRs,

albaT SeuZlia Tavidan aicilos wyaros swrafi identifikacia da SeuZlia daagrovos an Seavsos is, rac ganmeorebiTi Setevis saSualebas miscems. erTi grami mza aerozolizirebuli jilexis 1-dan 5 mikronamde zomis sporebis miReba teqnikurad sakmaod rTulia, magram rodesac warmoeba dasrulebulia, bevrad ufro naklebad rTulia 1 kilogramis damzadeba…”

– “…biologiur terorizms SeuZlia ganmeorebiTi Seteva ganaxorcielos, Cados sul ufro mzardi investiciebi, raTa Tavdacvis SesaZlebloba Seamciros…”

sanimuSo kiTxvebi1. ras gulisxmobs “asimilaciis” koncefcia

teqnologiisaTvis? rogor iqna gamoyenebuli es koncefcia qimiuri da biologiuri saomasi saSualebebisaTvis?

2. rogor afasebT Sexedulebas, rom Tanamedrove saomasi saSualebebi buneba icvleba ise, rom gaizrdeba qimiuri da biologiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba?

3. gamoyaviT peros mier gamoTqmuli azri

bioteqnologiebis gavlenis Sesaxeb momavlis saomar saSualebebze da biologiur dacvaze, Tqven rogor SeafasebT am Sexedulebas?

4. ra siZneleebi eqneba bi-terorizmTan efeqturad gamklavebas 1972 wlis btik-is saSinao gamoyenebas? ganixileT aum Sinrikios SemTxveva.

wyaroebi

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Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press

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Sokolow, R., Mauvais, S., Birkness, K. A., Skeels, M. R., Horan. J. M., and Foster, L. R. (1997) ‘A Large Community Outbreak of Salmonellosis caused by Intentional Contamination of Restaurant Salad Bars’, JAMA, 278(5). pp. 389-95. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9244330

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