Name: ____________________________World History 101 Era 1 – Foundations (to 600 B.C.E)

KEY CONCEPT 1.1: BIG GEOGRAPHY & THE PEOPLING of the EARTH

Standard – 4.0 3.5 3.0 Less than 3.0WH.HT2.1.d- Analyze cause and effect relationships in a historical context

60- 55 points54.5 – 50 points

49.5 – 40 points

Less than 40 points

Note Packet and filling out the Graphic Organizer for the take home test _____/10 pointsVocab Quiz _____/5 pointsMultiple Choice- Stimulus hand out _____/6 points Written Paragraphs/take home test _____/32 pointsWebsite Questions _____/7 points

Historical Context- The Foundations Era- Everything that happened up to 600 B.C.E.

Vocabulary

Theme 1: ENVIRONMENT

How have humans changed the environment around them and how has the environment changed human life?

Theme 2: Cultures

How did culture like belief systems, religions, literature, music, philosophical beliefs begin and change as culture met and interacted with each other?

Theme 3: STATE BUILDING

How have different governments and states begin, spread their borders and fallen over time?

Theme 4: ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

How did the distribution of resources, use of labor and trade effect civilizations in the world?

Theme 5: SOCIAL STRUCTURES

How did social structures like class, gender, race, family develop, change and grow over time in different civilizations?

Hunting and Gathering- Definition Which theme of history and why

Paleolithic Revolution- Definition Which theme of history and why

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Migration Definition Which theme of history and why

Egalitarian Definition Which theme of history and why

Context Part I- The Foundations Era

Make you timeline here and mark the Foundations Era

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Take notes here

Jobs in your groups

Writer Editor Presenter CaptainWrites down the answer for the group to read, needs to listen to all members and write down the most important information

Reads the writers work out loud to the group and is responsible for making any changes and improvements

Reads the group’s work out loud, has to know the material well enough to read it slowly, clearly and loud enough for the entire class to hear

Makes sure that all voices in the group are heard (can ask quiet members what they think) and keeps the group on focus to get the work done on time

Name: Name: Name: Name:

Write down how you would summarize the context in your own words

Add any information you want to add after hearing each group present their context

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Take notes here

Part I- Hunters and Gathers, Peopling the Earth and the Paleolithic Revolution

Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.1Big Geography and the Peopling of the EarthThe first such trend we see in World History is the migration of Paleolithic people throughout the world. The word Paleolithic, or “old stone age,” refers to a way of life in which stones were the most prominent tools and people led nomadic lives of hunting and gathering for food. Not strictly a time period in history (people today live the nomadic lifestyles of hunter gatherers), it is to be contrasted with agricultural and industrial economic systems and the social patterns emanating from them. Archaeologists have found evidence that paleolithic people traveled around in small, foraging bands that were basically egalitarian. Because they had no consistently reliable source of food, they were almost always on the move. 

Turn the title/heading into a question

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the whole paragraph and summarize the most important details below

New Research Confirms 'Out Of Africa' Theory Of Human EvolutionDate:May 10, 2007Source:University Of Cambridge

Homo sapiens originated in Africa 150,000 years ago and began to migrate 55,000 to 60,000 years ago. It is thought he arrived in Australia around 45,000 years before present (BP). Australia was, at the time, already colonised by homo erectus. This dispersal, from Africa to Australia through Arabia, Asia and the Malay peninsula, could have occurred at a rate of 1km per year. … The research confirms the “Out Of Africa” hypothesis that all modern humans stem from a single group of Homo sapiens who emigrated from Africa 2,000 generations ago and spread throughout Eurasia over thousands of years. These settlers replaced other early humans (such as Neanderthals), rather than interbreeding with them.

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The first two paragraphs under - Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

Turn the title/heading into a question

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the whole paragraph and summarize the most important details below

Visual Image #1 – Map- This map show the migrations of early man from Africa to the other continents.

Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,”

Parts- Focus on the parts of the visual (read labels, look

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for symbols) Write 2 details about what the individual parts/symbols mean or represent?

Title Write the title and one detail about what the title tells you about the image.

I learned that- Name 2 major ideas or concepts that you learned from this map

Context - Explain with 2-3 details how the image is connected to the context

Take notes from the Reading form APWorldipedia 1.1

Take notes on sections A, B and C below which are from AP Worldipedia

A. One of the first major advances of early man was the ability to harness fire. Fire sterilized food, brought people together in small groups and protected against predators. It helped people adapt to colder climates and became the focal point for the telling of stories through which values and knowledge were transmitted. Moreover, food cooked with fire eased the digestive process. Consequently, more of the body’s energy became available for the development of the brain. This may have helped Homo sapiens develop the capacity for language, giving them a tremendous advantage over other mammals.

A.Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Take notes of the most important details from the following video- Mankind The Story of All of Us: Fire | History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ygpzm0S_rPQ

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B. …Over the course of thousands of years humans migrated from their place of origin across the face of the earth. They

moved into areas with vastly different environments, each with their own terms of survival. The peopling of the earth

required human beings to adapt to a variety of climates. Tools made this possible. Bones, rocks with sharp edges, and

small pieces of copper were used to scrape hides, hunt, fish and sew. As these mobile bands came in contact with each

other, they borrowed ideas and tools. Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

C. Foraging, or hunting and gathering, does not produce a large quantity of food. This limitation of the food supply

kept foraging people in small groups of only a few people. It also meant that they were nomadic, moving on to a new

location once they stripped an area of its edible plants. The study of hunter/gatherers today gives us insight into

their social relations. These small groups preferred not to marry in their own societies and would send girls to other

foraging groups for marriage. [1] Related by kinship bonds, hunter/gatherer groups would meet to exchange tools

and gifts, and to participate in rituals. It was likely there was movement of individuals among groups. There was also

relative social and gender equality. Men may have taken leadership roles in some groups, but generally everyone

was equally involved in the acquisition of food. It was impractical for nomadic people to accumulate more than a few

things, so material possessions did were not an indicator of economic or social class. Such categories probably did

not even exist for hunter-gatherers. Some modern researchers have argued that paleolithic people had more leisure

time, more varied and nutritious diets, and were healthier than those who settled and became farmers. [

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

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Early men and women were equal, say scientists- from The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/14/early-men-women-equal-scientists

Our prehistoric forebears are often portrayed as spear-wielding savages, but the earliest human societies are likely to have been founded on enlightened egalitarian principles, according to scientists. A study has shown that in contemporary hunter-gatherer tribes, men and women tend to have equal influence on where their group lives and who they live with. The findings challenge the idea that sexual equality is a recent invention, suggesting that it has been the norm for humans for most of our evolutionary history.

Mark Dyble, an anthropologist who led the study at University College London, said: “There is still this wider perception that hunter-gatherers are more macho or male-dominated. We’d argue it was only with the emergence of agriculture, when people could start to accumulate resources, that inequality emerged.” Dyble says the latest findings suggest that equality between the sexes may have been a survival advantage and played an important role in shaping human society and evolution. “Sexual equality is one of a important suite of changes to social organisation, including things like pair-bonding, our big, social brains, and language, that distinguishes humans,” he said. “It’s an important one that hasn’t really been highlighted before.” The study suggests that it was only with the dawn of agriculture, when people were able to accumulate resources for the first time, that an imbalance emerged. “Men can start to have several wives and they can have more children than women,” said Dyble. “It pays more for men to start accumulating resources and becomes favourable to form alliances with male kin.”

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Part II Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

Vocabulary

Neolithic Revolution

Definition Which theme of history and why

Irrigation Definition Which theme of history and why

Specialization of LaborDefinition Which theme of history and why

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CivilizationDefinition Which theme of history and why

Patriarchy- Definition Which theme of history and why

Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.2

Paleolithic man made one of the most important discoveries that humans have ever made: that every plant has the ability to reproduce itself. When the function of the seed was learned, humans became farmers. This sounds relatively simple, but not until the Industrial Revolution would there be as revolutionary a change in the social and economic organization of human beings. This transition from hunters and gatherers to farmers is called the Neolithic Revolution, and it made civilization itself possible

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraph] and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Watch the video - Mankind: The Story of All of Us: Birth of Farming | History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY

Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.2

Thousands of years ago, drought came to the Middle East. The large animals hunters depended on died out or migrated, forcing some people to settle down wherever they found a secure source of water. The nomadic way of life ended and human beings became farmers. The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed. 

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Agriculture seems to have been discovered independently at several locations in the world (see map), then diffused to different areas. It is important to note that not everyone adopted agriculture. Some societies remained hunter-gatherers and others remained pastoral.

1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

2. Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Take notes on the following video about the ancient dwellings and the first farmers (this will be the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution) Guns, Germs and Steel Part 3 of 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hxHZPdH690

How did the first farming begin?

What advantages did they have over hunters and gatherers?

Where did farming develop in the ancient world?

Visual Image #1 - A Neolithic settlement in northern Scotland.

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Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,”

I learned that- Name 2 major ideas or concepts that you learned from this map

Context - Explain with 2-3 details how the image is connected to the context

Read and take notes for the following website- APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.1 -

…Agriculture was discovered at different times by different people. The crops people cultivated depended on what was indigenous to their location. Professor Jared Diamond has pointed out that the nature of edible plants that grew in individual places had a profound effect upon the development of human societies. For example, regions that grew cereal grains had an advantage over those that grew less durable or nutritious foods. Cereal grains (rice, barley, wheat and corn) produced a harvest rich in carbohydrates and other nutrients. They were easy to dry and store. In storage, cereal grains would not spoil as quickly as legumes or yams. As a result, societies that cultivated these crops were more likely to produce surpluses of food. 1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

2. Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Watch the following video- Corn- Why was corn/Maize so important to the development of life in the Americas?

I. Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies.

The ability to acquire food on a regular basis drastically changed life; there was more stability and order. Life

developed according to special patterns, as people had to follow seasons for planting and harvest. The dependence

upon nature was evident in religious practices that came to worship reproduction, fertility, and the natural elements

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upon which agriculture depended. Probably the most significant change that took place with the Neolithic revolution

was a dramatic increase in population. More food could sustain more people living together. Small bands of people

developed into villages.Heading/Title- Change this into a question

First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

The Neolithic Revolution and Specialization of Labor

At its most basic element, civilization is based on the food supply. In hunting/gathering societies, most all of the people were engaged in acquiring and processing food. For this reason, as we have seen, there was a higher degree of equality. There were no significant differences that distinguished certain people from others. However, in communities that practiced agriculture this basic equality began to break down. The surpluses of food produced by farming created the conditions for the rise of social inequality.

The ability to produce a surplus freed some people from having to spend all their time producing food; individuals could now specialize in other skills. Artisans crafted weapons, jewelry, and other specialty products that could not be produced as readily by nomadic people. Moreover, surpluses of food created the need for a warrior class to emerge. The stores of grain kept by Neolithic people were the perfect targets for raiding groups of nomadic people. Some members of the village thus were trained in the skills of defense to protect the fruit of their labor; the first militaries were born. With these divisions of people came inequality. Some groups gained more prestige and status than others. Priests who presided over rituals that were believed necessary for harvests gained elite positions and authority. Warriors were essential for the protection of food. Highly skilled craftsman who could work with metals or produce tools became highly valued. Thus social hierarchies emerged in societies that were able to produce surpluses of food.Heading/Title- Change this into a question

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

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As groups of craftsmen and artisans arose in societies, tools and technology became more efficient and complex.

Agricultural production increased, societies began to trade, and transportation improved. Some examples of these

advancements are:

Quick one sentence summary

Pottery Agriculture created the need for storage containers and cooking pots. In response to this need, craftsmen

learned to make pots from clay and other materials, and they became essential for storing food, wine, and other

goods. They could also be used for religious or ceremonial purposes. Pottery became a medium for group identity

and artistic expression as people came to etch designs on the exterior of pots.First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraph and summarize the most important details below

Plows Tools permit the same amount of work to be done by fewer people. In agriculture, perhaps the most important early tool was the plow. Plows break up the compacted earth and turn the soil to prepare for the sowing of seeds. The more efficient the plow, the fewer number of workers are needed to prepare for planting. More efficiency in agriculture led to greater surpluses, which in turn allowed for more social stratification and specialization.

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraph and summarize the most important details below

Woven textiles In 1991 two hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a neolithic man whose body had been preserved in a glacier for over 5000 years. "Iceman," as he came to be called, provided modern researchers with much information about the diet, clothing, and skills of European neolithic people. This was particularly important because textiles decay quickly in most instances leaving us with little evidence about this skill of early man. Two of iceman's possessions were items that had been woven. This craft is known as textiles. Early textiles were made of dried plants and fibers, and were woven by hand. Later, people made looms to speed up the process of textile production. In villages and cities, textile production became another skilled craft, another example of the specialization of labor. 

First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

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Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Metallurgy Another area of craftsmanship that neolithic people developed was metallurgy, the knowledge of working with metal. This technology is very important because it provides the tools for many other areas of labor, such as farming, textiles, and the forging of weapons. 

The earliest metallurgists worked with copper, a metal that can be hammered into shape directly from the ground.

As new metals were found and alloys discovered, metallurgy became a highly skilled practice. Metals have different

densities, grains, and characteristics that must be learned. A major break-though in metallurgy was Bronze. Bronze

is an alloy of copper and tin. It required these base metals to be heated and mixed together, but the result is a

product that is harder and more useful than the softer copper, which cannot hold a cutting edge for long. Bronze

would transform human societies by producing larger surpluses of agriculture and allowing for the creation of

superior weapons. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Wheels and wheeled vehicles The wheel was invented in the late Neolithic period in Mesopotamia and in the northern Caucasus region of Central Europe. In its most obvious application, the wheel can be used in vehicles to facilitate the movement of goods. Moreover, the Hittites developed the chariot, a wheeled vehicle used in battle. When the Hyksos gained chariots they were able to successfully invade Egypt. Wheels First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

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- Use the SCAP steps to analyze the stimulus that Mr. Wood will hand out S- SpeakerWhat’s the speaker’s POV?

C- ContextDoes this fit in an “age” or an “era”?

A- Audience- Who is the speaker writing for? Does the audience “side” with the speaker?

P- Purpose Can you summarize in one sentence, the main idea, argument, or persuasion in the doc?

For each question, you will earn 1 point for your evidence that has to come from the stimulus and/or your packet (at least 2-3 details and 1 point for having the correct answer.

4. Your answer Your reason- using evidence for

the stimulus or from our chapter packet

Your groups answer Your groups reason

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5. Your answer Your reason- using evidence for

the stimulus or from our chapterYour groups answer Your groups reason

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6. Your answer Your reason- using evidence for

the stimulus or from our chapterYour groups answer Your groups reason

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4.0 Option - Question for the Website- Were humans better off as hunters and gathers or are we better off now? For your answer, you need to provide at least 3-4 details about life as a hunter and gather and use it to defend your answer if humans were “better off” staying hunters and gathers or “better off” living in our modern world.

- Topic sentence with your stance - __/1 points- 3-4 details defending your stance - ____/3 points

Respond to another students answer in agreement or disagreement. This requires your statement of agreement or disagreement and 2-3 details that either support or go against that student’s argument.

- Topic sentence agreeing or disagreeing with another student - ___/1 point- 2-3 details supporting your response ___/2 points

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