big geography and the peopling of the earth€¦ · web viewthe word paleolithic , or “old...

Name: ____________________________World History 101 Era 1 – Foundations (to 600 B.C.E)

KEY CONCEPT 1.1: BIG GEOGRAPHY & THE PEOPLING of the EARTH

Standard – 4.0 3.5 3.0 Less than 3.0WH.HT2.1.d- Analyze cause and effect relationships in a historical context

60- 55 points55 – 50.5 points

50 – 40 points

Less than 40 points

Note Packet _____/8 pointsFilling out your graphic organizer for the assessment _____/5 points Vocab Quiz _____/5 points Written Paragraphs/take home test _____/32 pointsWebsite Questions _____/10 points

Historical Context- The Foundations Era- Everything that happened up to 600 B.C.E.

Take notes on the following video – Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey We will watch from 27:40 – 40:00 and take notes on the Cosmic Calendar

Watch and take notes the best you can on the following topics, we will compare and discuss

The Big Bang –

Milky Way (our Universe – When did it form?)

Our Son’s “birthday”

When did life begin on Earth

Dinosaurs on Earth

Humans on Earth – “All of human history”

Humans “standing on two Feet”

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What happened to humans 10,000 years ago

What happened 6,000 years ago

Context Part II- The Foundations Era

Make you timeline here and mark the Foundations Era

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Take notes here

Take notes here

Part I- Hunters and Gathers, Peopling the Earth and the Paleolithic Revolution

VocabularyHunting and Gathering- Definition-

Historical Significance -

Paleolithic Revolution- Definition-

Historical Significance-

Migration Definition-


Egalitarian Definition-


Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.1Big Geography and the Peopling of the EarthThe first such trend we see in World History is the migration of Paleolithic people throughout the world. The word Paleolithic, or “old stone age,” refers to a way of life in which stones were the most prominent tools and people led nomadic lives of hunting and gathering for food. Not strictly a time period in history (people today live the nomadic lifestyles of hunter gatherers), it is to be contrasted with agricultural and industrial economic systems and the social patterns emanating from them. Archaeologists have found evidence that paleolithic people traveled around in small, foraging bands that were basically egalitarian. Because they had no consistently reliable source of food, they were almost always on the move.

Turn the title/heading into a question

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

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Summary – Read the whole paragraph and summarize the most important details below

New Research Confirms 'Out Of Africa' Theory Of Human EvolutionDate:May 10, 2007Source:University Of Cambridge

Homo sapiens originated in Africa 150,000 years ago and began to migrate 55,000 to 60,000 years ago. It is thought he arrived in Australia around 45,000 years before present (BP). Australia was, at the time, already colonised by homo erectus. This dispersal, from Africa to Australia through Arabia, Asia and the Malay peninsula, could have occurred at a rate of 1km per year. … The research confirms the “Out Of Africa” hypothesis that all modern humans stem from a single group of Homo sapiens who emigrated from Africa 2,000 generations ago and spread throughout Eurasia over thousands of years. These settlers replaced other early humans (such as Neanderthals), rather than interbreeding with them.

The first two paragraphs under - Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

Turn the title/heading into a question

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the whole paragraph and summarize the most important details below

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Visual Image #1 – Map- This map show the migrations of early man from Africa to the other continents.

Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.

Parts Focus on the parts of the visual (read labels, look for symbols, study the details). Write 2-3 details about what the individual parts/symbols mean or represent?

Title Write the title and 2-3 details about what the title tells you about the image.

I learned that Name 2-3 major ideas or concepts that you learned from this map

Context Use the clues in the visual image to establish when the document was created and what it is showing from this era. Provide 2-3 examples that show this (if the year is listed that counts as one).

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Take notes from the Reading form APWorldipedia 1.1

Take notes on sections A, B and C below which are from AP Worldipedia

A. One of the first major advances of early man was the ability to harness fire. Fire sterilized food, brought people together in small groups and protected against predators. It helped people adapt to colder climates and became the focal point for the telling of stories through which values and knowledge were transmitted. Moreover, food cooked with fire eased the digestive process. Consequently, more of the body’s energy became available for the development of the brain. This may have helped Homo sapiens develop the capacity for language, giving them a tremendous advantage over other mammals.

A.Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Every last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Take notes of the most important details from the following video- Mankind The Story of All of Us: Fire | History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ygpzm0S_rPQ

B. …Over the course of thousands of years humans migrated from their place of origin across the face of the earth. They

moved into areas with vastly different environments, each with their own terms of survival. The peopling of the earth

required human beings to adapt to a variety of climates. Tools made this possible. Bones, rocks with sharp edges, and

small pieces of copper were used to scrape hides, hunt, fish and sew. As these mobile bands came in contact with each

other, they borrowed ideas and tools. Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information


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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ygpzm0S_rPQ


Visual image #2 - In the Paleolithic era, most tools were made from stonesOverview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big

picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.





C. Foraging, or hunting and gathering, does not produce a large quantity of food. This limitation of the food supply

kept foraging people in small groups of only a few people. It also meant that they were nomadic, moving on to a new

location once they stripped an area of its edible plants. The study of hunter/gatherers today gives us insight into

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their social relations. These small groups preferred not to marry in their own societies and would send girls to other

foraging groups for marriage. [1] Related by kinship bonds, hunter/gatherer groups would meet to exchange tools

and gifts, and to participate in rituals. It was likely there was movement of individuals among groups. There was also

relative social and gender equality. Men may have taken leadership roles in some groups, but generally everyone

was equally involved in the acquisition of food. It was impractical for nomadic people to accumulate more than a few

things, so material possessions did were not an indicator of economic or social class. Such categories probably did

not even exist for hunter-gatherers. Some modern researchers have argued that paleolithic people had more leisure

time, more varied and nutritious diets, and were healthier than those who settled and became farmers. [

Every First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



Early men and women were equal, say scientists- from The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/14/early-men-women-equal-scientists

Our prehistoric forebears are often portrayed as spear-wielding savages, but the earliest human societies are likely to have been founded on enlightened egalitarian principles, according to scientists. A study has shown that in contemporary hunter-gatherer tribes, men and women tend to have equal influence on where their group lives and who they live with. The findings challenge the idea that sexual equality is a recent invention, suggesting that it has been the norm for humans for most of our evolutionary history.

Mark Dyble, an anthropologist who led the study at University College London, said: “There is still this wider perception that hunter-gatherers are more macho or male-dominated. We’d argue it was only with the emergence of agriculture, when people could start to accumulate resources, that inequality emerged.” Dyble says the latest findings suggest that equality between the sexes may have been a survival advantage and played an important role in shaping human society and evolution. “Sexual equality is one of a important suite of changes to social organisation, including things like pair-bonding, our big, social brains, and language, that distinguishes humans,” he said. “It’s an important one that hasn’t really been highlighted before.” The study suggests that it was only with the dawn of agriculture, when people were able to accumulate resources for the first time, that an imbalance emerged. “Men can start to have several wives and they can have more children than women,” said Dyble. “It pays more for men to start accumulating resources and becomes favourable to form alliances with male kin.”

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

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https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/14/early-men-women-equal-scientists

http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.1_Big_Geography_and_the_Peopling_of_the_Earth#cite_note-2

http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=Key_Concept_1.1_Big_Geography_and_the_Peopling_of_the_Earth#cite_note-1


Part II Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

Vocabulary

Neolithic RevolutionDefinition-


Irrigation Definition-


ClassDefinition-


CivilizationDefinition-


Patriarchy- Definition-


Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.2

Paleolithic man made one of the most important discoveries that humans have ever made: that every plant has the ability to reproduce itself. When the function of the seed was learned, humans became farmers. This sounds relatively simple, but not until the Industrial Revolution would there be as revolutionary a change in the social and economic organization of human beings. This transition from hunters and gatherers to farmers is called the Neolithic Revolution, and it made civilization itself possible

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraph] and put the most important information

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http://historyhaven.com/APWorldipedia/index.php?title=Key_Concept_5.1_Industrialization_and_Global_Capitalism

Last Sentence- Read the last sentences from the paragraph and put the most important information


Watch the video - Mankind: The Story of All of Us: Birth of Farming | History - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY

Take notes for the reading from AP Worldipedia 1.2

Thousands of years ago, drought came to the Middle East. The large animals hunters depended on died out or migrated, forcing some people to settle down wherever they found a secure source of water. The nomadic way of life ended and human beings became farmers. The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed.

Agriculture seems to have been discovered independently at several locations in the world (see map), then diffused to different areas. It is important to note that not everyone adopted agriculture. Some societies remained hunter-gatherers and others remained pastoral.

1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information


2. Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Take notes on the following video about the ancient dwellings and the first farmers (this will be the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution) Guns, Germs and Steel Part 3 of 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hxHZPdH690

How did the first farming begin?

What advantages did they have over hunters and gatherers?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hxHZPdH690

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhzQFIZuNFY

Where did farming develop in the ancient world?

Visual Image #1 - A Neolithic settlement in northern Scotland.

Overview Look at the entire visual image- write 2-3 details that explains what is in this image. This is “big picture,” and not a small detail in part of the image.




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http://apworldipedia.com/index.php?title=File:Neolithic1.jpg


Read and take notes for the following website- APWorldipedia Key Concept 1.1 -

…Agriculture was discovered at different times by different people. The crops people cultivated depended on what was indigenous to their location. Professor Jared Diamond has pointed out that the nature of edible plants that grew in individual places had a profound effect upon the development of human societies. For example, regions that grew cereal grains had an advantage over those that grew less durable or nutritious foods. Cereal grains (rice, barley, wheat and corn) produced a harvest rich in carbohydrates and other nutrients. They were easy to dry and store. In storage, cereal grains would not spoil as quickly as legumes or yams. As a result, societies that cultivated these crops were more likely to produce surpluses of food. 1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information


2. Summary – Read the two paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

Watch the following video- Corn- http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/corn

Why was corn/Maize so important to the development of life in the Americas?

I. Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies.

The ability to acquire food on a regular basis drastically changed life; there was more stability and order. Life

developed according to special patterns, as people had to follow seasons for planting and harvest. The dependence

upon nature was evident in religious practices that came to worship reproduction, fertility, and the natural elements

upon which agriculture depended. Probably the most significant change that took place with the Neolithic revolution

was a dramatic increase in population. More food could sustain more people living together. Small bands of people

developed into villages.Heading/Title- Change this into a question

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http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/corn

First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

B. At its most basic element, civilization is based on the food supply. In hunting/gathering societies, most all of the

people were engaged in acquiring and processing food. For this reason, as we have seen, there was a higher

degree of equality. There were no significant differences that distinguished certain people from others. However, in

communities that practiced agriculture this basic equality began to break down. The surpluses of food produced by

farming created the conditions for the rise of social inequality.

The ability to produce a surplus freed some people from having to spend all their time producing food; individuals

could now specialize in other skills. Artisans crafted weapons, jewelry, and other specialty products that could not be

produced as readily by nomadic people. Moreover, surpluses of food created the need for a warrior class to emerge.

The stores of grain kept by neolithic people were the perfect targets for raiding groups of nomadic people. Some

members of the village thus were trained in the skills of defense to protect the fruit of their labor; the first militaries

were born. With these divisions of people came inequality. Some groups gained more prestige and status than

others. Priests who presided over rituals that were believed necessary for harvests gained elite positions and

authority. Warriors were essential for the protection of food. Highly skilled craftsman who could work with metals or

produce tools became highly valued. Thus social hierarchies emerged in societies that were able to produce

surpluses of food.1. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information


2. Summary – Read the paragraphs and summarize the most important details below

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As groups of craftsmen and artisans arose in societies, tools and technology became more efficient and complex.

Agricultural production increased, societies began to trade, and transportation improved. Some examples of these

advancements are:

Quick one sentence summary

Pottery Agriculture created the need for storage containers and cooking pots. In response to this need, craftsmen

learned to make pots from clay and other materials, and they became essential for storing food, wine, and other

goods. They could also be used for religious or ceremonial purposes. Pottery became a medium for group identity

and artistic expression as people came to etch designs on the exterior of pots.First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information


Summary – Read the paragraph and summarize the most important details below

Plows Tools permit the same amount of work to be done by fewer people. In agriculture, perhaps the most important early tool was the plow. Plows break up the compacted earth and turn the soil to prepare for the sowing of seeds. The more efficient the plow, the fewer number of workers are needed to prepare for planting. More efficiency in agriculture led to greater surpluses, which in turn allowed for more social stratification and specialization.

First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Last Sentence- Read the last sentence from the paragraphs and put the most important information

Summary – Read the paragraph and summarize the most important details below

Woven textiles In 1991 two hikers in the Italian Alps discovered a neolithic man whose body had been preserved in a glacier for over 5000 years. "Iceman," as he came to be called, provided modern researchers with much information about the diet, clothing, and skills of European neolithic people. This was particularly important because textiles decay quickly in most instances leaving us with little evidence about this skill of early man. Two of iceman's possessions were items that had been woven. This craft is known as textiles. Early textiles were made of dried plants and fibers, and were woven by hand. Later, people made looms to speed up the process of textile production. In villages and cities, textile production became another skilled craft, another example of the specialization of labor.

First Sentence- Read the first sentence from the paragraph and put the most important information


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Metallurgy Another area of craftsmanship that neolithic people developed was metallurgy, the knowledge of working with metal. This technology is very important because it provides the tools for many other areas of labor, such as farming, textiles, and the forging of weapons.

The earliest metallurgists worked with copper, a metal that can be hammered into shape directly from the ground.

As new metals were found and alloys discovered, metallurgy became a highly skilled practice. Metals have different

densities, grains, and characteristics that must be learned. A major break-though in metallurgy was Bronze. Bronze

is an alloy of copper and tin. It required these base metals to be heated and mixed together, but the result is a

product that is harder and more useful than the softer copper, which cannot hold a cutting edge for long. Bronze

would transform human societies by producing larger surpluses of agriculture and allowing for the creation of

superior weapons. First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



Wheels and wheeled vehicles The wheel was invented in the late neolithic period in Mesopotamia and in the northern Caucasus region of Central Europe. In its most obvious application, the wheel can be used in vehicles to facilitate the movement of goods. Moreover, the Hittites developed the chariot, a wheeled vehicle used in battle. When the Hyksos gained chariots they were able to successfully invade Egypt. Wheels First Sentence- Read the first sentences from the paragraphs and put the most important information



Read the following Secondary Source about the Foundations era and fill out the SCAP graphic organizer

“There are at least three sets of reasons to explain the findings that agriculture was bad for health. First, hunter-gatherers enjoyed a varied diet, while early farmers obtained most of their food from one or a few starchy crops. The farmers gained cheap calories at the cost of poor nutrition, (today just three high-carbohydrate plants -- wheat, rice, and corn -- provide the bulk of the calories consumed by the human species, yet each one is

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deficient in certain vitamins or amino acids essential to life.) Second, because of dependence on a limited number of crops, farmers ran the risk of starvation if one crop failed. Finally, the mere fact that agriculture encouraged people to clump together in crowded societies, many of which then carried on trade with other crowded societies, led to the spread of parasites and infectious disease…. Epidemics couldn't take hold when populations were scattered in small bands that constantly shifted camp. Tuberculosis and diarrheal disease had to await the rise of farming, measles and bubonic plague the appearance of large cities.Diamond, Jared. "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race." Discover Magazine 1 May 1987: n. pag. Discover Magazine. 1 May 1999. Web. 7 July 2016.

S- Speaker

What’s the speaker’s POV?

C- Context

Does this fit in an “age” or an “era”?

A- Audience

Who is the speaker writing for? Does the audience “side” with the speaker?

P- Purpose

Can you summarize in one sentence, the main idea, argument, or persuasion in the doc?

4.0 Option - Question for the Website- Were humans better off as hunters and gathers or are we better off now? For your answer, you need to provide at least 3-4 details about life as a hunter and gather and use it to defend your answer if humans were “better off” staying hunters and gathers or “better off” living in our modern world.

- Topic sentence with your stance - __/1 points- 3-4 details defending your stance - ____/4 points

Respond to another students answer in agreement or disagreement. This requires your statement of agreement or disagreement and 2-3 details that either support or go against that student’s argument.

- Topic sentence agreeing or disagreeing with another student - ___/1 point- 2-3 details supporting your response ___/4 points

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big geography and the peopling of the earth€¦ · web viewthe word paleolithic , or “old...

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