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Bio-Lubricants

Product Brochure

CONTENTS

AZELAIC ACIDSOverview 05

Physical Constants of Dicarboxylic Acids 06

Manufacture of Azelaic Acid & Polymer Intermediates 07

Saponification & Metallic Soap Polymers 09

Lubricants & Greases 11

Finishing & Packaging 12

PELARGONIC ACIDSOverview 14

Applications 15

Metallic Soaps 16

Activated Oxygen Bleaches 17

Finishing & Packaging 18

DIMER ACIDSOverview 20

Product Information 21

ESTERSOverview 23

Product Information 24

OILFIELDOverview & Product Information 26

Release 08/ 2013 Subject to alteration & errors and omissions excepted.

Disclaimer: The information provided herein is for the sole purpose of presenting Emery Oleochemicals, its products and services. It is given without any express or implied representation, guarantee, or warranty of completeness, correctness or any other kind of assurance.

All products in the text marked with an ® are trademarks of Emery Oleochemicals. The information on product specifications provided herein is only binding to the extent confirmed by Emery Oleochemicals in a written Sales Agreement. EMERY OLEOCHEMICALS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SUITABILITY OF THE PRODUCTS FOR ANY SPECIFIC OR PARTICULAR PURPOSES INTENDED BY THE USER. Suggestions for the use and application of the products and guide formulations are given for information purposes only and without commitment. Such suggestions do not release Emery Oleochemicals’ customers from testing the products as to their suitability for the customer’s intended processes and purposes. Emery Oleochemicals does not assume any liability or risk involved in the use of its products as the conditions of use are beyond its control. The user of the products is solely responsible for compliance with all laws and regulations applying to the use of the products, including intellectual property rights of third parties.

DRIVING INNOVATION in natural-based lubricants for a sustainable tomorrow

Leader in Natural-Based ChemistriesEmery Oleochemicals is a leading global provider of high performance and natural-based chemicals with a Bio-lubricant platform that enables our customers to formulate innovative and sustainable lubricant solutions.

CREATING VALUE NaturallyWe are committed to CREATING VALUE for you with our combined strengths in global manufacturing, research and development, distribution, marketing, and technical know-how. Uniquely packaged, our competitive advantage enables us to offer you innovative and competitive solutions designed to meet your needs.

Sustainable Lubricant SolutionsEmery Oleochemicals products are used to improve processing efficiencies, provide outstanding technical performance, and enhance environmental safety in lubricant applications including oilfield chemicals, hydraulic fluids, base oils, greases, and lube base stocks. We offer environmentally sustainable products including azelaic acid, pelargonic acid, dimer acid, isostearic acid, esters, and other types of natural-based fatty acids and esters.

Preferred Global PartnerEmery Oleochemicals is committed to being your preferred partner in innovative and high performance natural-based ingredients for lubricant applications designed for a sustainable tomorrow.

4 5

AZELAIC ACIDS OVERVIEW

Azelaic acid is a 9-carbon, straight chain, saturated, dibasic acid produced commercially by the ozone oxidation of oleic acid. Its chemical name is 1,9-nonanedioic acid, or heptane-1, 7-carboxylic acid. (FIGURE 1)

Azelaic acid is a crystalline, opaque-white solid, soluble in hot water, alcohols, diethyl ether, and other polar solvents, as shown in Table 1. The two carboxyl groups of azelaic acid limit its solubility in nonpolar solvents such as naphtha or carbon tetrachloride.

The monomeric derivatives of azelaic acid generally have lower melting points and greater solubilities than the corresponding derivatives of even-carbon dicarboxylic acids. The influence of the odd-carbon structure on melting points and physical properties of aliphatic dibasic acids is shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the influence of the odd-carbon structure on the melting points of some simple (monomeric) derivatives.

As Table 3 indicates, the monomeric azelaic derivative in each instance has a lower melting point than either of the corresponding adipic or sebacic derivatives.

Azelaic acid is the preferred aliphatic dibasic acid for the preparation and modification of high molecular weight polymers in many industries. Unlike petroleum based adipic acid, azelaic acid is derived from replenishable oleochemical raw materials. Furthermore, its odd-carbon structure imparts unique properties to polymers and derivatives that can be utilized advantageously.

FIGURE 1

Azelaic Acids

SOLUBILITY OF EMEROX® 1144 AT 27ºC

SOLVENT WT. %

WATER 0.52

ACETONE 1.40

ETHYL ETHER 2.70

TOULENE 5.70

ETHANOL 54.0

DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 137

TABLE 1

6 7

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

ACID FORMULA SOLUBILITY IN H20 @20°C, G/100G M.P.ºC B.P.ºC IONIZATION

CONSTANT, K1

SUCCINIC (CH2)2(COOH)2 6.9 185.0 234 4.6X10-5

GLUTARIC (CH2)3(COOH)2 64.0 99.0 304 6.9X10-5

ADIPIC (CH2)4(COOH)2 1.44 153.0 2652 3.7X10-5

PIMELIC (CH2)5(COOH)2 5.00 106.0 2722 3.1X10-5

SUBERIC (CH2)6(COOH)2 0.16 144.0 2792 3.0X10-5

AZELAIC (CH2)7(COOH)2 0.24 106.53 2862 2.5X10-5

SEBACIC (CH2)8(COOH)2 0.10 134.5 2952 2.3X10-5

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

MANUFACTURE OF AZELAIC ACID & POLYMER INTERMEDIATES

The present line of EMEROX® Azelaic Acids is the result of over 60 years of research by Emery Oleochemicals, pioneer in the commercial development of azelaic acid. Early in this period, an economical process to split oleic acid into two completely new commercial products, azelaic and pelargonic acids, was developed. The initial commercial plant was based on the oxidation of oleic acid by chromic acid. Further pioneering led to Emery Oleochemicals’ unique ozonolysis-oxidation process.

The first commercial ozone plant for the continuous production of azelaic acid was completed in 1953. Other plants have since been erected, adding substantially to capacity. Emery Oleochemicals is the world’s largest commercial producer of azelaic acid, as well as the world’s largest industrial producer and consumer of ozone.

This process uses the powerful reactivity of ozone to cleave oleic acid into azelaic and pelargonic acids. After extensive separation and purification operations, the azelaic acids are flaked and packaged for shipment in 25 kilogram multiwall paper bags and 700 kilogram Supersacks. A comprehensive Statistical Quality Control (SQC) program supplements automatic equipment and controls throughout the plant to ensure that each shipment meets specifications.

Commercial Azelaic Acids

EMEROX® Azelaic Acids are available to meet the product quality and cost/performance relationships required for specific applications. EMEROX® Azelaic Acids are marketed in both technical and polymer grades. Specifications and typical characteristics of Emery Oleochemicals’ azelaic acids are listed in Table 4.

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

ACID ACID ANILIDE, °C AMIDE, °C ESTER, °C

P-NITROBENZYLESTER, °C P-BROMOPHENACYL

MALONIC (C3) 224 170 85 -

SUCCINIC (C4) 226 242 88 211

GLUTARIC (C5) 224 174 69 137

ADIPIC (C6) 235 220 106 154

PIMELIC (C7) 155 - - 137

SUBERIC (C8) 187 216 85 144

AZELAIC (C9) 185 175 44 131

SEBACIC (C10) 198 210 72 147

SPECIFICATIONS & TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFEMEROX® 1110, EMEROX® 1112 & EMEROX® 1144 AZELAIC ACIDS

PRODUCT EMEROX® 1110 AZELAIC ACID

EMEROX® 1112 AZELAIC ACID

EMEROX® 1144 AZELAIC ACID

SPECIFICATIONS

ACID VALUE, MgKOH/g 576 - 591 574 - 591 587 - 594

COLOR, % TRANS 440/550 nm min. 68/85 80/97 95/99

AZELAIC ACID, %, MIN. - - 88

MONOBASIC ACID, %, MAX. - 0.30 0.05

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

EQUIVALENT WEIGHT, g/eq 96 96 95

MELTING POINT, ºC 96 - 103 99 - 100 100 - 102

COMPOSITION (GLC wt %)

DIBASIC ACID <C9 7 3 4

DIBASIC ACID C9 79 85 89

DIBASIC ACID >C9 12 12 7

MONOBASIC ACID 2 0.1 0.03

TABLE 4

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

8 9

Saponification & Metallic Soap Polymers FIGURE 2

Azelaic acid saponifies readily with alkali metals to form alkali metal salts which are highly water soluble, but which exhibit no detergency. Salts of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and other metals are insoluble in water and in common organic solvents. Basic oxides of multivalent metals such as ZnO will react with azelaic acid to form polymers.

Esterification FIGURE 3

Monohydric alcohols react with azelaic acid to form relatively high boiling diesters. These diesters are efficient plasticizers and impart excellent low temperature flexibility to vinyls, cellulosics, and neoprene, nitrile, and butadiene-styrene rubbers. They are also used as base fluids for synthetic lubricants and greases where they exhibit excellent viscosity/temperature relationships and provide excellent lubrication over wide temperature ranges.

Glycols and other polyols react with azelaic acid to yield polyesters. If the resulting polyester contains an excess of reactive groups, it can react further with cross-linking agents or extenders. Polyurethane resins result from the chain extension of hydroxyl terminated azelaic polyesters with diisocyanates of isocyanate prepolymers.

Amidation FIGURE 4

Linear polyamides, formed by the reaction of azelaic acid with diamines, are an increasingly important group of polymers. These polyamides usually require polymer grade EMEROX® 1144 Azelaic Acid which can act either as the principal dibasic acid component (e.g., 6,9 nylon) or as a dibasic acid modifier.

Polyamides are also produced by reacting azelanitrile with formaldehyde. The resulting poly (methylene azelamide) is reported to have properties similar to those of commercial poly (hexamethylene adipamide).

Under suitable conditions, ammonia and primary or secondary amines react with azelaic and its derivatives to form amides. The simplest is azelamide which melts around 175°C.

Reduction FIGURE 5

Reduction by sodium, hydrogenation over cupric chromite, or high pressure reduction of the diester yields the corresponding glycol (1,9-nonanediol).

This alcohol has a melting point of approximately 45º and is insoluble in both water and petroleum ether. The hydroxyl acid (9-hydroxynonanoic acid) can also be formed and exhibits solubilities similar to that of 1,9-nonanediol.

Acid Chloride FIGURE 6

Reaction with phosphorus pentachloride or with thionyl chloride yields the acid chloride of azelaic acid. This acid chloride may then be used in the preparation of other derivatives.

EMEROX® 1110

A technical grade of azelaic acid which typically contains 79% azelaic acid, 19% other dibasic acids and 2% monobasic acids. EMEROX® 1110 has found extensive application in the preparation of low-temperature and polymeric type vinyl plasticizers, ester-based synthetic lubricants, and lithium complex grease.

EMEROX® 1112

A grade of azelaic acid which typically contains 85% azelaic acid, 15% other dibasic acids and 0.1% monobasic acids. EMEROX® 1112 has found extensive application in the preparation of low-temperature and polymeric type vinyl plasticizers, ester-based synthetic lubricants, and lithium complex grease.

EMEROX® 1144

This is the purest grade of azelaic acid commercially available, and was developed specifically for the preparation and modification of high molecular weight polymers. It contains approximately 89% azelaic acid, 11% other dibasic acids, and a maximum monobasic acid content of 0.05% The introduction of a linear odd-carbon structure of EMEROX® 1144 usually improves the polymer low-temperature impact strength, without sacrificing high temperature performance. For example, 6,9 nylons based on EMEROX® 1144 possess excellent abrasion resistance, low water absorption, high impact resistance, and an excellent overall balance of properties.

Functional esters of EMEROX® 1144 can be used as components in urethanes and as a source of soft segments in co-polyester fibers, imparting good low temperature performance and hydrolytic resistance.

Reactions of Azelaic Acid

Reactions of the carboxyl groups of azelaic acid are by far the most important and are typical of any aliphatic carboxylic acid. Since azelaic acid is difunctional, mixed derivatives such as acid esters, acid amides, and amide esters can be prepared. In addition, polymers can be formed by the reaction of azelaic acid with polyols or polyamines.

10 11

LUBRICANTS & GREASES

Since petroleum oils fail to function effectively over extremely wide temperature ranges, such as those encountered in the operation of aircraft gas turbine engines, demand for ester-based synthetic lubricants have shown steady growth. Synthetic basestocks made from azelate diesters exhibit extremely good viscosity/temperature relationships and therefore outperform petroleum oils in this area.

Among other important advantages of azelate diesters are low viscosity rise during oxidation, a low order of corrosive breakdown products, excellent overall lubricity, low coking characteristics, high flash points, good additive response and low peroxide values.

Compounded lubricants and greases incorporating azelate basestocks are used in military and commercial aircraft engines of the turbojet, turbofan, and turboprop varieties for stationary jet engines, for electrical and other power requirements, for aircraft and space vehicle instruments, and for other equipment and instrumentation requiring maximum lubrication performance over a broad temperature range.

Azelaic acid is finding increasing application as a complexing agent for lithium complex grease.

Other Applications

Among the many miscellaneous applications of azelaic acid are dielectric fluids, heat-transfer fluids, metal to glass fluxes, emulsion breakers, fungicides, mothproofing agents, insecticides, polyurethane foams, waxes, hydraulic fluids, tobacco sheet plasticizers, special alkyd resins, hot-melt coatings and adhesives, and water soluble coating resins. The number of additional patents issued which are related to the use of azelaic acid has grown from year to year.

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 4

FIGURE 5

FIGURE 6

FIGURE 3

12 13

Pelargonic Acids

APPLICATION OVERVIEW

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LUBRICANT BASESTOCKS

LITHIUM COMPLEX

GREASE

CORROSION INHIBITORS

FUEL ADDITIVES

OILFIELD CHEMICALS

METAL CLEANING

EMEROX ®1110 Azelaic Acid (79% C9D) x x

EMEROX® 1112 Azelaic Acid (85% C9D) x x x

EMEROX® 1144 Azelaic Acid (89% C9D) x x

EMEROX® 1175 Azelaic Acid (70% C9D; 10% C11D)

x x

EMEROX® 1185 Azelaic Acid (44% C9D, 46% C11D))

x

EMEROX® 1101 Azelaic Acid (C6D, C7D, C8D, C9D)

x

FINISHING & PACKAGING

Food Contact Uses of Azelaic Acid Derivatives

The following is a list of regulations related to indirect food contact uses of products incorporating azelaic acid. Please refer to Chapter 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations for specific regulations including any limitations.

CFR 175.105 Adhesives

CFR 175.320 Resinous and polymeric coatings for polyolefin films

CFR 177.1390 Polymers

CFR 177.1395 Laminate structures for use at temperatures between 120°F and 250°F

CFR 177.1500 Nylon resin

CFR 177.1630 Polyethylene phthalate polymers (film modifier)

CFR 178.3740 Plasticizers in polymeric substances

CFR 178.3910 Surface lubricants for the manufacture of metallic articles

Emery Oleochemicals has complied with the initial inventory requirements of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), P.L. 94-469 (90 STAT 2003, 15 U.S.C. 2607 (a), Subsection 8 (b).

Product CASRN1144 123-99-91112 123-99-91110 123-99-9

Technical Service

The information presented in this bulletin has necessarily been general in nature. Emery Oleochemicals is prepared to offer counsel and assistance for your specific azelaic acid applications. In addition to the products discussed in this brochure, research efforts are continuously underway to provide the industry with new and unique intermediates for new applications. Any technical questions pertaining to Emery Oleochemical products or their performance in your operation will receive immediate attention.

14 15

TABLE 5

APPLICATIONS

Synthetic Lubricants

The linear, highly saturated and odd-carbon structure of pelargonic acid makes it particularly suitable as the major acid component in TMP (trimethylolpropane), PE (pentaerythritol) and NPG (neopentyl glycol) polyol esters. These classic polyol structures dominate jet engine lubricant technology, and are becoming more important in synthetic lubricants for industrial and land transportation applications.

Emery Oleochemical technical service representatives are available to assist in the development of pelargonate polyol esters for applications in this technology.

Amine Condensates

Amine condensates prepared by reacting EMERY® 1202 with low molecular weight amines such as monoethanolamine or isopropanolamine are characterized with good water solubility.

The water solubility characteristics of EMERY® 1202 amine condensates can be extended to blends made with other amine condensates. Thus, the gellation tendencies of other low molecular weight amine condensates can be reduced by partial replacement with the pelargonic acid counterpart.

PELARGONIC ACIDS OVERVIEW

Pelargonic acid is a 9-carbon, straight chain, saturated, monobasic acid produced commercially by Emery Oleochemicals by the ozone oxidation of oleic acid. Its chemical name is nonanoic acid, CAS number 112- 05-0. (FIGURE 7)

Pelargonic acid is a clear, light colored, monobasic acid which is liquid at room temperature. Pelargonic acid derives unique performance characteristics from its odd-carbon chain length, providing definite advantages in many quality and performance-sensitive applications over short-chain fatty acids obtained from imported coconut oil. The nine-carbon structure differs from the even-carbon chains of coconut fatty acids, imparting pelargonic acid and its derivatives with significantly different solubility characteristics, lower-temperature fluidity, and low melting points.

Emery Oleochemicals manufactures three different grades of pelargonic acid: EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid, EMERY® 1203-A Pelargonic Acid (high purity), and EMERY® 1210 Low Molecular Weight Acids. These three grades differ in composition as shown by the representative gas chromatographic analysis given in Table 5.

Pelargonic acid is used extensively in the manufacture of low-temperature vinyl plasticizers and synthetic lubricants with low-temperature capabilities. The performance of EMERY® 1202 has been especially outstanding in high-bake alkyds where hardness, nonyellowing, and flexibility properties show substantial improvement.

Chemical & Physical Properties

EMERY® Pelargonic Acids are similar in many of the physical and chemical properties to other liquid fatty acids. Being completely saturated, however, they have no double bonds as points of instability.

Solubility

Pelargonic acid is sparingly soluble in water, but readily soluble in most organic solvents.

Reactions

The chemical reactions of pelargonic acid at the carboxyl group involve basic fatty acid chemistry.

The lower molecular weight and odd-carbon chain length of EMERY® Pelargonic Acids result in compounds that have markedly different physical and chemical properties from those obtained from acids of higher molecular weight, such as lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic.

The alkali metal salts of EMERY® 1202 are very soluble in water, but are insoluble in most organic solvents even with an excess of fatty acid. Detergency of the short chain length salts is quite limited. The calcium and heavy metal salts are insoluble in water.

FIGURE 7

GAS CHROMATAGRPHIC ANALYSIS OF EMERY® PELARGONIC ACIDS

COMPOSITION, (GLC WT. %) MONOBASIC ACID

EMERY® 1202 PELARGONIC ACID

EMERY® 1203-A PELARGONIC ACID

(HIGH PURITY)

EMERY® 1210 LMW ACIDS

CAPROIC ACID (C5H11COOH) <1 - 27

HEPTANOIC ACID (C6H13COOH) 1 - 31

CAPRYLIC ACID (C7H15COOH) 4 <1 12

PELARGONIC ACID (C8H17COOH) 93 98 27

OTHER 2 <1 3

16 17

Activated Oxygen Bleaches

Pelargonic acid is derivatized with a material that can serve as a leaving group. This derivative is then mixed into a detergent along with an oxygen bleach source, such as sodium perborate. In the wash, the derivative undergoes perhydrolysis to generate a peracid (or peroxygenated acid), which serves as a more effective bleaching agent than the peroxide generated from the sodium perbonate alone.

Reduction Products

Pelargonic acid can be reduced to yield pelargonaldehyde or n-nonanol. Pelargonaldehyde, which has an orange-rose odor, is used in perfumes, as well as flavors.

Peroxides

Pelargonyl peroxide can be used as a catalyst in the polymerization of vinyl chloride.

Flotation

Pelargonic acid is an efficient frothing agent in the separation of certain ores via the flotation process.

Handling

Pelargonic acid is more irritating to the skin than the high molecular weight liquid fatty acids such as oleic acid. The use of protective eyewear and gloves is recommended in handling to prevent eye contact and extended skin exposure. Removal from the skin can be accomplished by washing with soap and water, and medical attention should be obtained. The following study to determine the corrosive and irritative potentials of EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid was performed by an independent testing laboratory:

1. The corrosive potential of EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid was evaluated in accordance with the procedure described in Section 173l240 under Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (Federal Register, February 12, 1973). EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid produced the corrosive effects of blanching, necrosis, and skin thickening at the majority of sites. Based on these results, EMERY® 1202 is classified as a corrosive material as this term is defined in the above-cited regulations.

2. EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid applied to the eyes of albino rabbits produced marked irritation. Irritative signs included iritis, conjunctivitis, and corneal opacity. The method of Draize (Lehman, A.J., et al, Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics, Association of Food and Drug Officials of the U.S., Austin, Texas, 1959) was used to score the irritative effects observed in the eye.

TABLE 6

TABLE 7

METALLIC SOAPS

The metallic soaps of pelargonic acids may be made by direct fusion or by double decomposition. Generally, double decomposition is preferred, resulting in lighter colored and purer end-products. The mixed barium-cadmium soaps of EMERY® 1202 are effective stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride resins, particularly when used in conjunction with a chelating type stabilizer. The use of this mixed soap is more effective than barium-cadmium laurate since it provides plasticized PVC with better resistance to ultraviolet and heat degradation.

SPECIFICATIONS OF EMERY® PELARGONIC ACIDS

PRODUCT EMERY® 1202 PELARGONIC ACID

EMERY® 1203-A PELARGONIC ACID

(HIGH PURITY)

EMERY® 1210 LMW ACIDS

ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 345 - 355 345 - 355 400 - 430

IODINE VALUE (WIJS), MAX 0.5 0.5 1.5

COLOR, PT-CO (APHA), MAX - 50 -

COLOR, % TRANS, 440/550 NM, MIN 90/99 - 90/96

PELARGONIC ACID, %, MIN 90 98 -

IRON, PPM, MAX 1.0 1.0 -

WATER, WT. %, MAX 0.2 0.1 -

TITER, °C 8 - 11 - -

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMERY® PELARGONIC ACIDS

PRODUCT EMERY® 1202 PELARGONIC ACID

EMERY® 1203-A PELARGONIC ACID

(HIGH PURITY)

EMERY® 1210 LMW ACIDS

SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 25/25°C 0.904 0.904 0.916

50/25°C 0.883 0.883 -

100/25°C 0.848 0.848 -

VISCOSITY, AT 37.8°C, cSt. 4.75 4.75 -

BOILING POINT, 760 mm Hg. °C 230 - 237 230 - 237 224

BOILING POINT, 4 mm Hg, °C 117 - 125 117 - 125 -

FLASH POINT, °C 140 140 110

FIRE POINT, °C 146 146 -

UNSAPONIFIABLE CONTENT, % 0.15 0.15 0.15

WATER, % 0.01 0.01 0.01

ASH, PPM <25 <25 <25

18 19

Dimer Acids

APPLICATION OVERVIEW

FINISHING & PACKAGING

Shipping & Storage

Pelargonic acid is sufficiently reactive with some metals to necessitate use of corrosion-resistant equipment. Aluminum (Alloy 3003) or baked phenolic lined steel (such as Lastiglas or Lithcote) are economical materials for storage tanks, but for reactions at elevated temperatures, stainless steel (Type 316), glass or ceramic-lined vessels are recommended.

D.O.T. Classification: Not Regulated

Shipments of EMERY® Pelargonic Acids are made in aluminum tankcars, or in lined 55-gallon drums.

Bulk Storage & Handling

For major consumers of pelargonic acid, bulk buying, handling, and storing offer several economic advantages over the purchasing of drum quantities. These are realized in a lower unit purchasing price and in reduced handling and storage costs.

For a comprehensive discussion of bulk handling and storage of EMERY® Pelargonic Acids, contact a Emery Oleochemicals representative at one of the locations listed on the back of this brochure.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LUBRICANT BASESTOCKS

CORROSION INHIBITORS METAL CLEANING

EMERY® 1202 Pelargonic Acid (90% C9M) x x x

EMERY® 1203A Pelargonic Acid (98% C9M) x x x

EMERY® 1210 Pelargonic Acid (C6,C7, C8, C9)

x

20 21

PRODUCTEMERY® 2003 TECHNICAL DIMER ACID

EMERY® 2016 DIMER ACID

EMERSOL® 3875 ISOSTEARIC ACID

EMERY® 2932 MONOMER

SPECIFICATIONS

APPEARANCE, 25°C Clear viscous liquid Clear viscous liquid Clear liquid Clear liquid

ACID VALUE 180 MIN. 190 - 198 187 - 201 165 - 198

% MOISTURE, MAX 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

COLOR, GARDNER, MAX 8 8

COLOR, % TRANS, 440/550 NM, MIN 80/85

SAPONIFICATION VALUE 195 - 204 193 MIN

VISCOSITY, CST., 140°F 250 - 500 450 - 510

IODINE VALUE (WIJS), MAX 3 MAX 40 - 100

TITER, °C 10 MAX

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

ACID VALUE 190 201 199 190

SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 25/20°C 0.945 0.945 0.917 0.917

VISCOSITY, CST., 100°F 1,500 1,800

VISCOSITY, CST., 140°F 400 470

VISCOSITY, CST., 210°F 60 75

MONOBASIC ACIDS, %, HPLC 4 4

DIBASIC ACIDS, %, HPLC 80 16

POLYBASIC ACIDS, %, HPLC

ISOSTEARIC ACIDS, %, HPLC 70

PRODUCT INFORMATION

Forms of Delivery

2003 and 2016 412 lb. Drums and bulk containers

3875 and 2932 400 lb. Drums and bulk containers

Storage Information

Product stored in the original closed packaging under ambient conditions should be stable for at least 1 year.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION LUBRICANT BASESTOCKS

CORROSION INHIBITORS

FUEL ADDITIVE

OILFIELD CHEMICAL

EMERY® 2003 Dimer Acid (80% C36D) x x x

EMERY® 2016 Dimer Acid (80% C36D) x x x

EMERSOL® 3875 Isostearic Acid (80% C18 isomers)

x x x

EMERY® 2932 Monomer acid x x x

APPLICATION OVERVIEW

DIMER ACIDS OVERVIEW

Emery Oleochemicals is a worldwide leader in Oleochemicals, the class of chemicals made from natural fats and oils. Emery Oleochemicals uses natural, renewable raw materials; the oils from soybeans, coconuts and palm kernels as well as fats from tallow, to manufacture an extensive line of fatty acids, glycerine and oleochemical derivatives.

EMERY® Dimer Acids are the result of the dimerization of tallow oleic acid to a dibasic acid containing, on average, a 36 carbon molecule with two carboxylic acid groups. Dimer Acids find extensive application in the areas of Polyamide Resins for Inks and Adhesives, Curing Agents, Lubricants, Greases, Oilfield Chemicals, Fuel Additives, Corrosion Inhibitors, Sealants, Polymer Intermediates and Personal Care applications.

At Emery Oleochemicals, our salespeople are experienced and accessible, and our customer service associates are on hand, in person, to answer your calls. Our marketing and technical representatives are ready to provide not only the products you need, but also storage and handling advice, formulation and processing information, and news about our latest developments.

Emery Oleochemicals Manufactures 4 Dimer Acids:

EMERY® 2003 Technical Dimer Acid — A general purpose dimer acid where light color is not critical.

EMERY® 2016 Dimer Acid — A light-colored general purpose dimer acid.

EMERSOL® 3875 Isostearic Acid — A light-colored isostearic acid.

EMERY® 2932 Monomer — A light-colored monomer acid.

22 23

Esters

ESTERS OVERVIEW

Emery Oleochemicals is a worldwide leader in natural-based oleochemical products. Our esters are the result of the reaction of fatty acids with alcohols and are based on renewable raw materials like palm/palm kernel, coconut or tallow oils.

Our product portfolio includes a wide selection of mono and polyolesters (saturated and unsaturated). Together with dicarboxylic acid esters and complex esters, a variety of lubricant applications can be served.

Emery Oleochemical Esters are environmentally friendly. They provide good biodegradability and low aquatic toxicity.

Our Esters are also recognized for good lubricity and wear protection, with polarity that results in a high cleaning effect. They are also miscible in mineral oils and PAO‘s. We have esters available with high flash points and low evaporation rates, which reduces the fire hazard. Emery Esters show good rheological

properties and high viscosity indices. Select esters show good performance over a wide range of temperatures.

Based on our long experience in the ester business, we are looking forward to developing new and innovative ester solutions to satisfy our customers needs. Please contact our marketing and technical representatives to get more product information and news about our latest developments.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION HYDRAULIC OILS

METAL WORKING

STEEL ROLLING OILS

ALUMINIUM PROCESSING

DEHYLUB® 1325 2-Ethylhexyltallowate x

DEHYLUB® 4002 2-Ethylhexyl-C8-14-ester x x

DEHYLUB® 4003 2-Ethylhexyllaurate x

DEHYLUB® 4003 MY 2-Ethylhexyllaurate (vegetable based) x

DEHYLUB® 4012 2-Ethylhexyl-oleate x x

DEHYLUB® 4012 MY 2-Ethylhexyl-oleate x x

DEHYLUB® 4018 2-Ethylhexylpalmitate x

DEHYLUB® 4018 MY 2-Ethylhexylpalmitate (vegetable based) x

DEHYLUB® 4033 2-Ethylhexylstearate x

DEHYLUB® BS 4015 Butylstearate x x

DEHYLUB® 4004 Isobutylstearat x x

DEHYLUB® 4010 Isotridecylstearate x

DEHYLUB® 4042 MY Methylester x

MONOESTERS

24 25

Oilfield

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION HYDRAULIC OILS

METAL WORKING

FLUIDS

STEEL ROLLING

OILS

ALUMINIUM PROCESSING

CHAIN LUBRICANTS

ENGINE OILS

GEAR AND TRANSMISSION

OILSGREASES

DEHYLUB® 4016 NPG-dioleate x x x

DEHYLUB® 4016 MY NPG-dioleate x x x

DEHYLUB® 4052 NPG-C8-18-ester x

DEHYLUB® 4022 TMP-C8-10-ester x x x x x

DEHYLUB® 4030 TMP-oleate x x x x

DEHYLUB® 4030 MY TMP-oleate (vegetable based)

x x x x

DEHYLUB® 4008 Pentaerythritoldioleate x x

DEHYLUB® 4008 MY Pentaerythritoldioleate (vegetable based)

x x

DEHYLUB® 4026 Pentaerythritol- C8-10-ester

x x x

DEHYLUB® 4028 Glyceroltrioleate x x

POLYOL ESTERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

METAL WORKING

FLUIDS

ENGINE OILS

GEAR AND TRANSMISSION

OILSGREASES

DEHYLUB® 4005 2-Ethylhexylsebacate x x x

DEHYLUB® 1337 Diisotridecyladipate x x x x

DEHYLUB® 4045 Diisodecyladipate x x x

DICARBOXYLIC ESTERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

METAL WORKING

FLUIDS

CHAIN LUBRICANTS

ENGINE OILS GREASES

DEHYLUB® 4100 Complex Ester x x x

DEHYLUB® 4059 Complex Ester x x x x

DEHYLUB® 4071 Complex Ester x x

COMPLEX ESTERS

TECHNICAL DATA OF SELECTED ESTERSDEHYLUB

4018DEHYLUB

4012DEHYLUB

4030DEHYLUB

4026DEHYLUB

4005DEHYLUB

4100

COMPOSITION 2-Ethylhexyl- ester

2-Ethylhexyl- oleate

Trimethylol- propantrioleate

Pentaerythritol fatty acid ester

2-Ethylhexyl-sebacate

Complex ester

APPEARANCE Clear yellowish liquid

Clear yellow liquid

Clear yellow liquid

Clear light yellow liquid

Clear colorless liquid

Clear yellow liquid

ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G) 0 - 0.5 0 - 0.5 0 - 1 0 - 0.3 0 - 0.2 0 - 0.5

SAPONIFICATION VALUE (MG KOH/G) 150 - 170 140 - 150 175 - 190 323 - 338 258 - 270 270 - 305

IODINE VALUE (G I2/100 G) 0 - 2 60 - 71 80 - 90 0 - 0.8 0 - 0.3

HYDROXYL VALUE (MG KOH/G) 0 - 25 0 - 3.5 0 - 2

2-ETHYLHEXYLCONTENT (%) 0 - 0.2 0-0.2 # # # #

POURPOINT (°C) <-30 <-40 <-70

DENSITY @ 20°C (G/CM3) 0.86 - 0.87 0.862 - 0.872 0.914 - 0.920 0.952 - 0.955 @ 25 0.912 - 0.916 0.96 - 0.98

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY @ 40°C (MM2/S) 7.8 - 9.0 7 - 9 42 - 50 27.5 - 33 10.5 - 12.5 425 - 465

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OILFIELD OVERVIEW

Emery Oleochemicals is a global provider of high performance and innovative solutions for oilfield chemicals. Our products are based on renewable natural resources, thus making oil exploration around

friendly products, without losing performance, even under challenging borehole and formation conditions.

Our business knowledge and technical expertise in oilfield chemicals span more than 30 years.

In addition to our commercial products,

technical team, to support both exclusive or

specific needs.

The main applications for our oilfield chemicals are:

Carrier Fluids

Lubricants rs

Additives

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONFLUID SYSTEM

FEATURESOIL BASED MUDS

WATER BASED MUDS

OMC 586 XL Ester Carrier fluid x GoM permit

OMC 1000 Ester Carrier fluid x

T A ™ EM 1120 Special surfactant Emulsifier xEnvironmentally friendly,

high temperature applications

T A ™ EM 1122 Amido amine Emulsifier x

T A ™ EM 392 Fatty acid Primary emulsifier x

DEHYLUB® 1324 Ester based Lubricant x x

DEHYLUB® 1316 Ester based Lubricant x Also for silicate systems

DEHYLUB® 1037 Ester based Lubricant x

T A ™ S 1118 Surfactant Borehole cleaner x Environmentally friendly

T A ™ S 1310 Surfactant Borehole cleaner x Environmentally friendly

T A ™ S 809 Surfactant Borehole cleaner x

T A IL™ V 1075 Dimer acid Low end rheology modifier x

T A ™ V 300 Fatty acid Viscosifier x

T A ™ V 988 Special acid Thinner/ dispersant x

APPLICATION OVERVIEW

Emery Oleochemicals GmbHPaul-Thomas-Strasse 56, 40599 Düsseldorf, GermanyT | +49 211 5611 2000 F | +49 211 5611 2600E | bl.europe@emeryoleo.com

Emery Oleochemicals (M) Sdn BhdLot 4, Jalan Perak, Kawasan Perusahaan,42500 Telok Panglima Garang, Selangor, MalaysiaT | +603 3326 8686 F | +603 3326 8787E | bl.asia@emeryoleo.com

Emery Oleochemicals LLC4900 Este Avenue, 45232 Cincinnati, OH, USAT | +1 513 762 2500 F | +1 513 246 3340E | bl.americas@emeryoleo.com

Disclaimer: The content in this document is provided on an “as is” and “as available” basis purely for informational purposes and does not constitute any warranty, whether express, implied or statutory, including but not limited to warranties or guarantees of merchantability, fitness or suitability for a particular purpose nor any representations of

advised to carry out any necessary steps to test the suitability of the products for your intended processes and purposes. You are solely responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in use of the products including any third party intellectual property rights and shall continue to bear all liability or risk arising from use of the products. All indications marked with a TM or ® symbol are trademarks belonging to legal entities within the Emery Oleochemicals group of companies.

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Bio-Lubricants