biologi kertas 1, 2, 3 percubaan spm 2007 mrsm

SULIT 3 4551/1

[Lihat sebelah 4551/1 SULIT

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA TRIAL EXAMINATION 2007

BIOLOGY Paper 1

One hour and fifteen minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION BOOKLET UNTIL BEING TOLD TO DO SO 1. The question bookletis bilingual Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa 2. The question are in English followed by the translation in bahasa Malaysia Soalan adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris diikuti dengan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Malaysia

3. Candidates are required to read the information on page 2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman 2.

This booklet consists 25 printed pages and 3 unprinted pages

SULIT 4551/1 Biology Paper 1 September 2007

1¼ jam

4551

1

4551/1 www.myschoolchildren.com

Muat turun (percuma) kertas soalan lain di :

SULIT 4 4551/1


1 Which of the cellular components can only be found in plant cells? Antara komponen sel berikut, yang manakah hanya boleh dijumpai di dalam sel tumbuhan?

A Mitchondrion / mitokondria B Nucleus / nukleus C Cell wall / dinding sel D Cytoplasm / sitoplasma

2 The diagram shows an animal cell. Rajah menunjukkan sel haiwan.

What is the function of X? Apakah fungsi X? A To break down cellular wastes / menguraikan bahan buangan sel B To maintain the shape of the cell / mengekalkan bentuk sel C To transport proteins synthesized by the ribosomes / mengangkut protein yang

disintesiskan oleh ribosom D To detoxify medicines and metabolic wastes / menyahtoksikkan ubat-ubatan dan

bahan buangan metabolisma.

3 The statement below illustrates the levels of cell organisation in an organism. Penyataan di bawah menunjukkan peringkat organisasi sel di dalam organisma. Which of the following can be represented by P? Antara berikut yang manakah mewakili P? A Blood / darah B Muscle / otot C Tendon / tendon D Stomach / perut

Cell Tissue P System Sel Tisu P Sistem

X

www.myschoolchildren.comMuat turun (percuma) kertas soalan lain di :

SULIT 5 4551/1


4 The diagram shows a model of the plasma membrane. Rajah menunjukkan model membran plasma.

What is X? Apakah X? A Cholesterol / kolesterol B Phospholipid / fosfolipid C Pore protein / protein liang D Carrier protein / protein pembawa

5 The diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell after being immersed in a hypertonic solution.

Rajah menunjukkan sel tumbuhan yang telah direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

What happened to the cell? Apakah yang terjadi kepada sel itu? A Crenated / krenasi B Haemolysed / hemolisis C Plasmolysed / plasmolisis D Deplasmolysed / deplasmolisis

6 The diagram shows a Paramecium sp.

Rajah menunjukkan Paramecium sp. What is the process involved in the gaseous exchange as shown in the above diagram? Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pertukaran gas seperti pada rajah di atas? A Osmosis / osmosis B Diffusion / resapan C Active transport / pengangkutan aktif D Facilitated diffusion / resapan berbantu

CO2 O2


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 6 4551/1


7 The diagram shows a strip of spinach after being immersed in a 5% sucrose solution. Rajah menunjukkan keratan batang sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa 5%. Which of the following shows the appearance of the spinach strip after being immersed in distilled water and 15% sucrose solution? Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan rupa bentuk batang sawi selepas direndam di dalam air suling dan larutan sukrosa 15 %?

Distilled water/ air suling 15% sucrose solution/ larutan sukrosa 15 %

A

B

C

D

8 The diagram shows the mechanism of an enzyme reaction.

Rajah menunjukkan mekanisma tindak balas enzim. What is L? Apakah L? A Enzyme / enzim B Product / produk C Substrate / substrat D Enzyme-substrate complex / kompleks enzim-substrat

Epidermis / epidermis

L


SULIT 7 4551/1


9 An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of salivary amylase on starch, as in the diagram. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan amilase liur ke atas kanji, seperti dalam rajah.

At which temperature can X, a reducing sugar, be detected the fastest after one minute? Pada suhu manakah X, sejenis gula penurun, paling cepat dikesan selepas satu minit?

A 10 oC B 25 oC C 35 oC D 50 oC

10 The diagram shows a cell cycle.

Rajah menunjukkan kitaran sel.

What is stage Y? Apakah peringkat Y? A Interphase / interfasa B Telophase / telofasa C Cytokinesis / sitokinesis D Cell division / pembahagian sel

Amylase and starch solution Amilase dan ampaian kanji

Visking tubing Tiub visking

Water / Air

S

G2

G1

Y

Mitosis/ mitosis


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 8 4551/1


11 The diagram shows one of the phases in mitosis. Rajah menunjukkan salah satu peringkat mitosis. What is the phase? Apakah fasa tersebut? A Prophase / profasa B Metaphase / metafasa C Anaphase / anafasa D Telophase / telofasa

12 Which diagram represents anaphase I? Rajah mana menunjukkan anafasa I? A

B

C

D

13 In certain fungi and algae, the cells undergo mitosis repeatedly without undergoing cytokinesis. What will the result be?

Sesetengah fungi dan alga menjalani mitosis secara berterusan tanpa sitokinesis. Apakah akibat daripada keadaan ini?

A Inability to duplicate DNA / DNA tidak dapat digandakan B Large cells containing many nuclei / Sel-sel bersaiz besar dan mengandungi banyak

nukleus C A decrease in the chromosome number / bilangan kromosom berkurang D Most cells lack the nucleus / kebanyakan sel tidak mempunyai nukleus


SULIT 9 4551/1


14 The diagram shows the human digestive system. Rajah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

Which structure secretes a liquid which contains pigments that can emulsify fat? Struktur manakah merembeskan cecair yang mengandungi pigmen yang boleh mengemulsikan lemak? A P B Q C R D S

15 The diagram shows the cross section of a leaf. Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas daun.

Which labels represent the cells that carry out photosynthesis? Label manakah mewakili sel yang menjalankan fotosintesis? A X only / X sahaja B X and Y only / X dan Y sahaja C X, Y and Z only / X, Y dan Z sahaja D W, X, Y, and Z / W, X, Y dan Z

W X

Y

Z

P

Q

R S


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 10 4551/1


16 The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Graf menunjukkan kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis.

Why does the graph become constant when light intensity exceeds X?

Mengapakah graf menjadi malar apabila keamatan cahaya melebihi X? A Photosynthetic enzyme has been denatured / enzim fotosintesis mengalami

denaturasi B Carbon dioxide is the limiting factor / karbon dioksida ialah faktor penghad C Light intensity is the limiting factor/ keamatan cahaya ialah faktor penghad D Closing of the stomata / penutupan stoma

17 An experiment was conducted to determine the energy value of 0.5 g of food sample. Calculate the energy value of the food sample if the temperature of 20.0g of water is increased by 20oC. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J/goC). Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan nilai tenaga suatu sampel makanan seberat 0.5 g. Kira nilai tenaga makanan tersebut jika suhu 20.0 g air dinaikkan sebanyak 20 oC.( muatan haba tentu spesifik air ialah 4.2 J/goC). A 1.7 kJg-1 B 3.4 kJg-1 C 17.0 kJg-1 D 34.0 kJg-1

18 The diagram shows part of a fish gill. Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada insang ikan.

What is X? Apakah X? A Gill rakers / sisir insang B Filamen / filamen C Gill arch / lengkungan insang D Lamella / lamela

X Light intensity / Keamatan cahaya

Rate of photosynthesis / Kadar fotosintesis

X


SULIT 11 4551/1


19 The table below shows the reaction involved in photosynthesis and respiration. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas yang terlibat dalam fotosintesis dan respirasi.

Process / proses

Substrate of photosynthesis / Substrat untuk fotosintesis

Substrate of respiration / Substrat untuk respirasi

Reaction / tindak balas

CO2 + X

Y + O2

What are X and Y? Apakah X dan Y?

X Y A H2O C2H5OH B C2H5OH ATP C H2O C6H12O6 D C6H12O6 ATP

20 The graph shows the changes of pressure in the lungs of a person. Graf menunjukkan perubahan tekanan dalam peparu seseorang.

How does the rib cage move at X? Bagaimanakah pergerakan sangkar rusuk di X? A Move upwards and outwards / bergerak ke atas dan ke luar B Move upwards and inwards / bergerak ke atas dan ke dalam C Move downwards and inwards / bergerak ke bawah dan ke dalam D Move downwards and outwards / bergerak ke bawah dan ke luar

Time / masa

X

Atmospheric pressure = 760 mmHg Tekanan atmosfera = 760 mmHg Pressure in the

lungs / Tekanan dalam

peparu (mmHg)


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 12 4551/1


21 The diagram shows the length of air column after three different treatments. Rajah menunjukkan panjang turus udara selepas di beri tiga rawatan berbeza. Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the air sample. Kira peratus oksigen dalam sample udara tersebut. A 6% B 10% C 14% D 16%

22 Which of the following are the abiotic factors of an ecosystem?

Antara berikut yang manakah merupakan factor abiotik suatu ekosistem?

I Topography / topografi II Light intensity / keamatan cahaya III Producers / pengeluar IV Temperature / suhu A I and III only B II and III only C I, II and IV only D I, II, III and IV

Length before treatment / Panjang turus sebelum rawatan

Length after treatment with alkaline potassium / Panjang turus selepas rawatan dengan potassium beralkali

Length when potassium pyrogallate solution is added / Panjang turus selepas rawatan dengan larutan pirogalat

10.0 9.4

8.0

Length of air column / panjang turus udara

treatment


SULIT 13 4551/1


23 The diagram shows a food web in an ecosystem. Rajah menunjukkan jaringan makanan dalam suatu ekosistem Which organism can exist in two different trophic levels? Organisma manakah boleh berada dalam dua aras trof berbeza? A Snake / ular B Hawk / helang C Rabbit / arnab D Small bird / burung kecil

24 Parasitism is an association between two organisms where : Parasitisma ialah perhubungan antara dua organisma di mana : A both organisms benefit / kedua-dua organisma mendapat kebaikan B one organism benefits while the other is not affected / satu organisma mendapat

kebaikan manakala satu organisma lagi tidak mendapat kebaikan atau keburukan C one organism benefits while the other is harmed / satu organisma mendapat

kebaikan manakala satu organisma lagi mendapat keburukan D neither organism benefits / tiada satu organisma pun mendapat kebaikan atau

keburukan

25 The diagram shows the energy flow in a food chain. Rajah menunjukkan aliran tenaga dalam satu rantai makanan.

10% of energy is available to each subsequent consumer. What will be the amount of energy consumed by the snake?/ 10 % tenaga dipindahkan kepada setiap pengguna yang berikutnya. Berapa banyakkah tenaga yang digunakan oleh ular?

A 100 KJ B 900 KJ C 30,000 KJ D 90,000 KJ

Plants / tumbuhan

Grasshopper / belalang

Frog / katak

Snake/ ular

Energy input 100 000 KJ / Tenaga diterima 100 000 KJ 90% energy output /

90% tenaga dikeluarkan


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 14 4551/1


26 The diagram shows deforestation activities. Which of the following are the consequences of these activities? Rajah menunjukkan aktiviti penyahutanan. Antara berikut manakah kesan daripada aktiviti tersebut?

I Destruction of various species of plants and wildlife / Penghapusan pelbagai spesies tumbuhan dan hidupan liar

II Soil erosion and landslides / Hakisan tanah dan tanah runtuh III Global warming / Pemanasan global IV Increase in annual rainfall / Penambahan dalam hujan tahunan A II only B I and II only C I, II and III only D I, II, III and IV

27 What are the effects on pond water that has a high biological oxygen demand (BOD)? Apakah kesan mempunyai nilai keperluan oksigen biologi yang tinggi (BOD)kepada air tasik? I The pond water has a more alkaline pH / air tasik mempunyai nilai pH lebih

beralkali II Lack of oxygen in the pond water / kandungan oksigen air tasik berkurangan III The pond water has many microorganisms / air tasik mengandungi banyak

mikroorganisma IV The photosynthetic rate of aquatic plants decrease / kadar fotosintesis tumbuhan

akuatik berkurangan A I, II and III only B I, II and IV only C I, III and IV only D II, III and IV only


SULIT 15 4551/1


Size of aquatic colonies / Saiz koloni akuatik

28 The figure shows a certain phenomenon caused by human activities. Rajah menunjukkan suatu fenomena yang disebabkan oleh aktiviti manusia. This phenomenon occurs because : Fenomena tersebut berlaku kerana: I heat trapped in the atmosphere increases the earth’s temperature haba yang terperangkap di atmosfera meningkatkan suhu bumi II fossil fuel is burnt and the forest is logged pembakaran bahan bakar fosil dan aktiviti pembalakan III some infrared rays are trapped by nitrogen dioxide sebahagian sinar inframerah terperangkap oleh nitrogen dioksida IV ultraviolet rays are absorbed by the ozone layer sinar ultra ungu diserap oleh lapisan ozon A I, II and III only B I, III and IV only C II, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV

29 The bar chart represents three aquatic colonies in lakes A, B, C and D. Which lake has the highest BOD value? Carta bar mewakili tiga koloni akuatik dalam tasik A, B, C dan D. Tasik manakah mempunyai nilai BOD paling tinggi? A B C D Lakes / Tasik

Algae / Alga Microorganisms / Mikroorganisma Fish / Ikan


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 16 4551/1


30 The diagram shows a type of immunity./ Rajah menunjukkan sejenis keimunan. What type of immunity does the diagram represent? Keimunan jenis apakah yang diwakili oleh rajah tersebut? A Naturally acquired active immunity / Keimunan aktif semulajadi B Naturally acquired passive immunity / Keimunan pasif semulajadi C Artificially acquired active immunity / Keimunan aktif buatan D Artificially acquired passive immunity / Keimunan pasif buatan

31 The diagram shows part of the blood circulatory system.

Rajah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem pengangkutan darah.

After a meal, which blood vessel will contain blood with the most glucose? Selepas makan, salur darah manakah mengandungi darah yang paling banyak

kandungan glukosa di dalamnya?

Small intestine/usus kecil

Liver / hati

From the heart / daripada jantung

To the heart / ke jantung

A

B

C D

Weeks / minggu

Level of immunity / Aras keimunan Immunity level

Aras keimunan


SULIT 17 4551/1


32 The graphs below show the transpiration rates in two areas, the forest and the desert. Which graph shows the correct representation of the rates of transpiration in these two areas? Graf-graf di bawah menunjukkan kadar transpirasi di dua kawasan iaitu hutan dan gurun. Graf yang manakah menunjukkan kadar transpirasi yang betul di kedua-dua kawasan ini?

Key / Kunci:

A

B C D

Rat

e of

tran

spira

tion

/ K

adar

tran

spir

asi

Humidity of air / Kelembapan udara

Rat

e of

tran

spira

tion

/ K

adar

tran

spir

asi


Rat

e of

tran

spira

tion

/ K

adar

tran

spir

asi


Forest / hutan Desert / gurun


Rat

e of

tran

spira

tion

/ K

adar

tran

spir

asi


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 18 4551/1


33 An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of transpiration in a plant using a photometer. The figure shows the set up of the apparatus and the distance covered by the water in cm. The experiment was done in 10 minutes. Suatu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar transpirasi tumbuhan menggunakan photometer. Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas dan jarak air bergerak dalam cm. Eksperimen dibiarkan selama 10 minit.

Position of the meniscus at the beginning of experiment. Kedudukan meniscus pada awal eksperimen. The rate of transpiration in the plant is 0.2 cm/minute. Choose the position of the meniscus at the end of the experiment. Kadar transpirasi dalam tumbuhan ialah 0.2 cm/ minit. Pilih kedudukan meniskus diakhir eksperimen tersebut. A

B

C

D

Plant shoot / Pucuk tumbuhan

Meniscus / meniskus

Movement of water column / Pergerakan turus air

Clip / Klip

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Movement of water column / Pergerakan turus air


SULIT 19 4551/1


34 What is the function of synovial fluid? Apakah fungsi bendalir sinovia? A Allows bones to move against one another. / Membenarkan tulang bergerak antara

satu sama lain. B As a cushion and shock absorber. / Sebagai kusyen dan penyerap hentakan. C Prevents dislocation of the joint during movement. / Mengelakkan daripada terkehel. D As a lubricant to reduce friction between two bones. / Sebagai pelincir antara dua

tulang.

35 The diagram shows the skeleton and muscles of a bird. Rajah menunjukkan rangka dan otot seekor burung

What are P and Q?/ Apakah P dan Q? P Q A Pectoralis minor/ Pektoralis minor Sternum/ Sternum B Humerus/ Humerus Pectoralis minor/ Pektoralis minor C Pectoralis major/ Pektoralis major Humerus/ Humerus D Sternum/ Sternum Pectoralis major/ Pektoralis major

36 How does the fish reduce this problem? Bagaimanakah ikan itu dapat mengurangkan masalah tersebut? I Slimy coating on their bodies / badan diselaputi oleh lendir II Sleek and streamlined body shapes / bentuk badan yang larus III A swim bladder inside the abdomen / mempunyai pundi udara di ruang abdomen IV Overlapping scales facing the posterior / sisik yang bertindih dan tersusun ke arah

posterior A I and II only B II and III only C I, II and IV only D I, II, III and IV

A fish has little problem overcoming gravity because most of its body weight is supported by water. Nevertheless it faces the problem of water resistance. Seekor ikan kurang bermasalah untuk mengatasi graviti kerana kebanyakan berat badannya disokong oleh air. Walau bagaimanapun ia mengalami masalah rintangan air.

P Q


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 20 4551/1


37 The diagram shows the structure of an efferent neurone. Rajah menunjukkan struktur neuron eferen. What is X? Apakah X? A Axon / Akson B Dendrite / Dendrit C Cell body / Badan sel D Node of Ranvier / Nodus Ranvier

38 The diagram shows a human nephron. Rajah menunjukkan nefron manusia. What happens to the blood at S and to the glucose at T? Apakah yang terjadi kepada darah di S dan kepada glukosa di T?

S T A Diffuses/ Meresap Undergoes active transport /

Mengalami pengangkutan aktif B Undergoes ultra filtration /

Mengalami ultra turasan Secreted / Dirembes

C Secreted/ Dirembes Reabsorbed / Diserap semula D Undergoes ultra filtration /

Mengalami ultra turasan Reabsorbed / Diserap semula

X

S

T


SULIT 21 4551/1


Time / Masa

Concentration in blood / Kepekatan di dalam darah

Concentration in blood / Kepekatan di dalam darah

Time / Masa Time / Masa

Concentration in blood/ Kepekatan di dalam darah

Time/ Masa

Concentration in blood/ Kepekatan di dalam darah

39 The diagram shows the human endocrine system. Rajah menunjukkan sistem endokrin manusia. What is the hormone secreted by P?

Apakah hormon yang dirembes oleh P?

A Insulin/ Insulin B Oxytocin/ Oksitosin C Thyroxin/ Tiroksin D Adrenaline/ Adrenalin

40 The graph shows the concentration of glucose and insulin in the blood of a healthy

person. Which graph shows the changes expected after a meal containing starch? Graf menunjukkan kepekatan glukosa dan insulin dalam darah seorang individu yang sihat. Graf yang manakah menunjukkan perubahan yang dijangka selepas memakan makanan berkanji?

Key: Glucose concentration/ Kepekatan glukosa

Insulin concentration / Kepekatan insulin

A B .

C D

P


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 22 4551/1


41 The diagram shows the process of spermatogenesis. Rajah menunjukkan proses spermatogenesis. What is Q? Apakah Q? A Spermatid / Spermatid B Spermatozoa/ Spermatozoa C Spermatogonium/ Spermatogonium D Primary spermatocyte/ Spermatosit primer

42 The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a flower. Rajah menunjukkan keratan memanjang bunga. Where are gametes produced? Dimanakah gamet dihasilkan?

A 1 and 2 / 1 dan 2 B 1 and 4 / 1 dan 4 C 2 and 3 / 2 dan 3 D 2 and 4 / 2 dan 4

2n

2n

n

2n

nnn Q

1

4 3 2


SULIT 23 4551/1


43 The graph shows the growth curve of an annual plant. Graf menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan bagi suatu tumbuhan semusim.

Which is true about X? Yang manakah benar bagi X? A The decrease in mass is due to seed dispersal.

Pengurangan jisim disebabkan oleh penyebaran biji benih. B The organism has reached the minimum growth rate.

Organisma telah sampai kepada kadar pertumbuhan minimum. C Slow growth rate is due to adaptation to a new food source.

Kadar pertumbuhan lambat disebabkan oleh adaptasi kepada sumber makanan yang baru

D The decrease in mass is due to the breakdown of stored food. Pengurangan dalam jisim disebabkan penguraian makanan yang tersimpan. 44 The statements below are related to the reproductive system.

Penyataan di bawah adalah berkaitan dengan sistem pembiakan .

What do the above statements refer to? Kenyataan di atas merujuk kepada apa? A Infertility / Ketidaksuburan B Implantation / Penempelan C Tubal ligation / Ligasi tubul D Contraception / Kontrasepsi

- Low sperm count / Kiraan sperma rendah - Ovulation does not take place / Ovulasi tidak berlaku - Blockage of the fallopian tubes / Tiub falopia tersumbat

X

Time / masa

Dry weight / Berat kering


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 24 4551/1


45 The diagram shows the molecule of a nucleotide. Rajah menunjukkan molekul nukleotida

What is Y? Apakah Y? A Sugar/ Gula B Phosphate/ Fosfat C Amino acid / Asid amino D Nitrogenous base/ Bes nitrogen

46 A normal human cell contains 46 chromosomes, comprising of 22 pairs of autosomes

and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. How many autosomes are present in a human sperm cell? Sel manusia normal mengandungi 46 kromosom yang terdiri daripada 22 pasang autosom dan sepasang kromosom seks. Berapakah bilangan autosom dalam sel sperma manusia?

A 21 B 22 C 42 D 44

47 The table shows the results of a blood group test for four students P, Q, R and S.

Jadual menunjukkan keputusan ujian kumpulan darah bagi empat orang pelajar P, Q, R dan S.

Student / Pelajar

Anti-A / Anti-A Anti-B / Anti-B

P

Q

R

S

Which student can donate his blood to a person who is of blood group A? Pelajar yang manakah boleh menderma darah kepada seseorang yang kumpulan darahnya ialah A?

A S only / S sahaja B Q and S / Q dan S C R and S / R dan S D P and Q / P dan Q

Z Y

X

Key/ kunci :

Agglutination / Aglutinasi

No agglutination / Tiada aglutinasi


SULIT 25 4551/1


48 The information below represents the parent genotype for the inheritance of ear lobes. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan genotip induk bagi perwarisan trait bentuk cuping telinga. Key / Kekunci: F : Alelle for unattached earlobes (dominant) Alel untuk cuping telinga tidak melekap (dominan) f : Alelle for attached earlobes (recessive) Alel untuk cuping telinga melekap (resesif) What is the percentage of their children with unattached earlobes? Apakah peratusan anak-anaknya yang mempunyai bentuk cuping telinga tidak melekap? A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100%

49 The diagram below shows the different structural changes during chromosome mutation.

Which of the diagram represents deletion? Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pelbagai perubahan struktur semasa mutasi kromosom. Rajah manakah yang menggambarkan pelenyapan? A

B

C

D

Parent genotype : FF x Ff Genotip induk

P Q R V W

P Q R S T U V W

P Q R U T S V W

P Q R S T U V W

P Q R V W

ABCSTU

P Q R S T U V W

P Q R S T U V W

P Q R S T U STU V W

ABC


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

SULIT 26 4551/1


50 The diagram shows two types of variation in humans. Rajah menunjukkan dua jenis variasi pada manusia.

Trait X/ Trait X Trait Y / Trait Y What type of variation is X and Y? Variasi jenis apakah trait X dan Y? Trait X Trait Y A Blood group/ kumpulan darah Height/ ketinggian B Weight / berat badan Finger print pattern/ pola cap jari C Eye colour/ warna mata Type of hair/ jenis rambut D Finger print pattern / pola cap jari Weight / berat badan

END OF QUESTION PAPER SOALAN TAMAT

Number of individuals/ Bilangan individu

Number of individuals/ Bilangan individu

Traits/ trait


SULIT/CONFIDENTIAL 4551/2

4551/2 SULIT

3Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa


SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

TRIAL EXAMINATION 2007

BIOLOGY

Paper 2

Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION BOOKLET UNTIL BEING TOLD TO DO SO

Examniner’s code Aspect

code Question number Marks Marks

obtained 1 13 2 12 3 13 4 11

A

5 11 6 20 B

7 20 8 20 C

9 20

1. Write downyour name and class in the space provided Tuliskan nama dan kelas anda pada ruang yang disediakan.

2. The question booklet is bilingual

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. The questions are in English

followed by the translation in bahasa Malaysia.

Soalan adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris diikuti dengan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Malaysia

4. Candidates are required to read the

information on page 2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman 2.

Total

This booklet consists of 25 printed pages and 3 unprinted pages


2½ jam

4551/2

[See next page CONFIDENTIAL

4551

2


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

4Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Section A/ Bahagian A [60 marks/markah]

Answer all questions Jawab semua soalan

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a histogram for the number of organelles in a cell. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan histogram bagi bilangan organel di dalam sel. (a) (i) What type of cell is Y? Apakah jenis sel Y? ........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ] (ii) State the reason for your answer in (a)(i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a)(i). ........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

Golgi apparatus / Jasad Golgi

Chloroplast / Kloroplas

Rough endoplasmic reticulum / Jalinan endoplasma kasar

Mitochondria / Mitokondria

Cell X / Sel X

Cell Y / Sel Y

Cell Z / Sel Z

Number of organelles

(arbitrary unit) Bilangan organel (unit arbitrary)

DIAGRAM 1.1 / RAJAH 1.1



4551/2 SULIT

5Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(b) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, which cell has the most energy? Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, sel manakah paling banyak mempunyai tenaga? ......................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State the reason for your answer in ( b ) (i ). Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di ( b) (i).

.........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

(c) State one difference between cells X and Z. Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara sel X dan sel Z.

.................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark ]

(d) State the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Nyatakan fungsi bagi jalinan endoplasma kasar. .....................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

6Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(e) Diagram 1.2 shows an animal cell.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.


Using letters P for secretory vessicle and Q for ribosome, label structures P and Q on Diagram 1.2 Dengan menggunakan huruf P untuk mewakili vesikel rembesan dan Q untuk mewakili ribosom, tandakan struktur P dan Q pada Rajah 1.2.

[ 2 marks ]

(f) Name structure R and state its function. Namakan struktur R dan nyatakan fungsinya.

Structure R / struktur R : ........................................................................................ Function/ fungsi : .....................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(g) The pancreas has many structure S. If structure S fails to function, explain how this affects the digestion process in the duodenum.

Struktur S banyak terdapat dalam pankreas. Sekiranya struktur S gagal berfungsi, terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini memberi kesan terhadap proses penghadaman dalam duodenum.

................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ]

R

S



4551/2 SULIT

7Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

2. Table 2 shows the energy contained in four organisms that have a feeding relationship in a paddy field.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan tenaga yang terdapat dalam empat organisma yang mempunyai hubungan makanan di sawah padi.

Organism / Organisma Energy Value / Nilai tenaga /kJ J 5.0 X 103 K 2.5 X 102 L 6.0 X 104 M 5.0 X 10

Table 2 / Jadual 2

(a) (i) Identify the following organisms :

Kenalpasti organisma berikut : The producer / pengeluar : ........................................................................... The tertiary consumer / pengguna tertier: ....................................................

[ 2 marks ]

(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i). The producer / pengeluar :.............................................................................. ......................................................................................................................... The tertiary consumer / Pengguna tertier :.................................................... .........................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

8Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(b) (i) Based on Table 2, construct a food chain in the paddy field using suitable examples.

Berdasarkan Jadual 2, bina satu rantai makanan dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai.

[ 2 marks ]

Draw and label a pyramid of energy for the food chain constructed in (b)(i). Lukis dan labelkan satu piramid tenaga bagi rantai makanan yang telah

dibina di (b)(i).

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Not all the energy is transferred to the next trophic level. State one reason for this. Tidak semua tenaga dipindahkan ke aras trof yang seterusnya. Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa ini terjadi.

......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ] (c) If organism J becomes extinct, predict what happens to the organisms in the food

chain. Sekiranya organisma J pupus, ramalkan apa akan terjadi kepada organisma-organisma dalam rantai makanan tersebut.

.................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]



4551/2 SULIT

9Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

3.

DIAGRAM 3 / RAJAH 3

Diagram 3 shows hormonal changes, follicle development and the thickening of the endometrium of a normal female. Rajah 3 menunjukkan perubahan hormon, perkembangan folikel dan penebalan dinding endometrium seorang wanita normal.

(a) (i) In box X on Diagram 3, sketch a graph showing the changes of FSH level.

Dalam kotak X pada Rajah 3, lakarkan graf untuk menunjukkan perubahan aras hormon FSH.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Complete the diagrams of the follicle development in boxes K, M and N. Lengkapkan rajah perkembangan folikel dalam petak K, M dan N.

[ 3 marks ]

(b) (i) Name the process L. Namakan proses L. .........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ] (ii) State the hormone which causes the process in (b)(i). Nyatakan hormon yang menyebabkan proses di (b)(i). .........................................................................................................................

[1 mark ]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Time/Days

Progesterone / Progesteron Oestrogen /

Estrogen X

K M N L


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

10Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(c) Based on Diagram 3, explain the feedback mechanism which occurs in a menstrual cycle. Berdasarkan Rajah 3, terangkan mekanisme suap balik yang berlaku dalam suatu kitar haid.

............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ]

(d) A woman takes family planning pills which contain oestrogen and progesterone. Explain the effect of this hormone in preventing pregnancy. Seorang wanita mengambil pil perancang keluarga yang mengandungi hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Terangkan kesan hormon ini dalam membantu mencegah kehamilan.

............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................

[ 4 marks ]



4551/2 SULIT

11Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

4. Diagram 4.1 shows the oxygen uptake of an athlete before, during and after a 100 m race.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengambilan oksigen seorang atlet sebelum, semasa dan selepas larian 100 m.

(a) What is stage X? Apakah peringkat X? ................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ] (b) State one difference between the race phase and the recovery phase with respect

to : Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara fasa larian dan fasa pemulihan bagi : (i) Y and Z / Y dan Z .........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) the production of lactic acid / penghasilan asid laktik .........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

(c) (i) A dog chases the athlete. State what happens to the production of adrenaline in the athlete’s blood. Seekor anjing mengejar atlet tersebut. Nyatakan apa ayng berlaku kepada penghasilan adrenalin dalam darah atlet tersebut.

.........................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]


Time (min)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Race Recovery

Oxygen consumed at

rest Oxygen debt

(Z)

Oxygen consumed

during race

Oxygen deficit (Y)

Oxy

gen

upta

ke (d

m3 p

er m

inut

e)

X


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

12Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(ii) State three physiological effects of (c)(i) on the athlete. Nyatakan tiga kesan fisiologi (c)(i) terhadap atlet tersebut.

1. ................................................................................................................ 2. ................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks ] (d) Diagrams 4.2(a) and 4.2(b) show the respiratory structures in two different

organisms. Rajah 4.2(a) dan 4.2(b) menunjukkan struktur respirasi dalam dua organisma berbeza.

DIAGRAM/ RAJAH 4.2(a) DIAGRAM/ RAJAH 4.2(b) Name the structures in diagram 4.2(a) and 4.2(b). Namakan struktur dalam rajah 4.2(a) dan 4.2(b). Diagram 4.2 (a) / Rajah 4.2 (a) : ........................................................................... Diagram 4.2 (b) / Rajah 4.2 (b) : ............................................................................

[ 2 marks ] (e) State two similarities between the structures in Diagram 4.2(a) and 4.2(b).

Nyatakan dua persamaan antara struktur-struktur dalam Rajah 4.2(a) dan 4.2(b). 1. ......................................................................................................................... 2. .........................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]



4551/2 SULIT

13Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

5.

Diagram 5 shows the pedigree of inheritance for hemophilia. Hemophilia is a sex-linked disease caused by a recessive gene on chromosome X. Rajah 5 menunjukkan pedigri pewarisan bagi hemofilia. Hemofilia ialah penyakit terangkai seks yang disebabkan oleh gen resesif pada kromosom X.

(a) State Mother’s genotype. Nyatakan genotip Mother. ..................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) If Father and Mother decide to have a sixth child, what is the probability of getting a haemophiliac son ? Sekiranya Father dan Mother ingin mempunyai anak yang keenam, apakah kebarangkalian mereka mendapat anak lelaki hemofilia ?

........................................................................................................................ .........................................................................................................................

[1 mark ]

DIAGRAM 5 / RAJAH 5

Normal male / lelaki normal Hemophiliac male / lelaki hemofilia Normal female / perempuan normal Female carrier / perempuan pembawa

Mother / Mother

Daughter / Daughter

Father / Father

Son / Son

X

Key / Kekunci :


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

14Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(ii) Explain the reason for (b)(i). Terangkan sebab bagi jawapan di ( b)(i). .........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ]

(c) Son marries a normal woman. They have two children, a boy and a girl. Son berkahwin dengan seorang perempuan normal. Mereka mendapat dua orang anak, seorang lelaki dan seorang perempuan.

(i) Draw a complete schematic diagram of inheritance for Son’s family. Lukiskan suatu rajah skema pewarisan bagi keluarga Son .

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Use the key to represent the phenotype of Son’s children in box X. Gunakan kekunci untuk menggambarkan fenotip anak-anak Son dalam kotak X.

[ 2 marks ]

(d) Daughter decides to get married. Explain how she can avoid from having hemophiliac children.

Daughter membuat keputusan untuk berkahwin.Terangkan bagaimana dia boleh mengelak daripada mendapat anak-anak yang berpenyakit hemofilia.

.................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]



4551/2 SULIT

15Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Section B/ Bahagian B [20 marks/markah]

Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the reaction between salivary amylase with a substrate in the mouth.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tindakbalas antara amilase liur dengan substrat di dalam mulut .

(a) Explain the principle of the enzymatic reaction between the salivary amylase and the substrate.

Terangkan prinsip tindakbalas enzim antara amilaseliur dengan substrat tersebut. [4 marks]

(b)

Explain the symptoms and the ways to overcome the health problems related to the nutrition diseases mentioned above. Terangkan simptom dan cara untuk mengatasi masalah kesihatan berkaitan dengan penyakit nutrisi tersebut.

[6 marks]

Scurvy, kwashiorkor and goiter are nutrition related diseases. Skurvi, kwashiorkor dan goiter adalah penyakit berkaitan dengan

+


Salivary amylase / amilase liur

Substrate / substrat

Product / hasil


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

16Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(c) Diagram 6.2 shows the human digestive system which consists of structures X, Y and Z. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia yang mengandungi struktur X, Y dan Z.

Describe the digestion process in structures X, Y and Z with respect to Huraikan proses pencernaan pada struktur X, Y dan Z berpandukan

(i) the organ / organ (ii) the secretion / rembesan (iii) the enzyme activity / aktiviti enzim

[10 marks]


X Y

Z



4551/2 SULIT

17Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

7. Diagram 7.1 shows the profile of a mangrove swamp. Gambarajah 7 menunjukkan suatu profil paya bakau.

(a) Explain the colonisation and succession processes in Zones 1 and 2. Terangkan proses pengkolonian dan sesaran dalam Zon 1 dan Zon 2.

[4 marks]

(b)

Explain the problems faced by the mangrove trees and how they overcome these problems. Terangkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh pokok paya bakau dan bagaimana ia mengatasi masalah tersebut.

[6 marks]

/Aras air pasang

High tide Aras air Pasang

Low tide Aras air surut

Sea Laut

Mud bank covered by sea water Tebing lumpur ditenggelami air laut

Pneumatophore Pneumatofor

ZONE 1 id

ZONE 2 id

ZONE 3 id

Stilt roots Akar jangkang

Buttress rootsAkar banir

Knee-shape roots Akar lutut

Mangrove trees are found along muddy coastal areas which are sheltered from wind, strong waves and water currents.

Tumbuhan paya bakau boleh didapati sepanjang pesisiran pantai yang berlumpur yang terlindung daripada angin, ombak kuat dan arus air.

FIGURE 7.1 / RAJAH 7.1

d


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

18Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows a nitrogen cycle. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan suatu kitar nitrogen.

Based on Diagram 7.2 explain how nitrogen in the atmosphere is maintained

through the activities of : Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 terangkan bagaimana nitrogen di atmosfera dikekalkan melalui aktiviti :

• Microorganisms / mikroorganisma • Factories / kilang • Lightning / kilat

[10 marks]


Ammonium compound / Sebatian ammonium

Nitrogen fixing bacteria/ Bakteria pengikat nitrogen

Nitrogen in atmosphere / Nitrogen di atmosfera

Nitrate / Nitrat

Animal / Haiwan

Plant / Tumbuhan

Decomposing bacteria / Bacteria pereput

Nitrifying bacteria / Bakteria penitritan

Denitrifying bacteria / Bakteria pendenitritan

Fertilizer factory / Kilang baja

Lightning / Kilat

Cyanobacteria / Sianobakteria

Blue green algae /Alga biru hijau

Pond / Kolam

Rhizobium in legum nodules / Rhizobium dalam nodul kekacang



4551/2 SULIT

19Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Section C/ Bahagian C [20 marks/markah]

Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan. 8. (a) Diagram 8 shows some human activities which affect the environment.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti manusia yang mendatangkan kesan kepada alam sekitar.

(i) Based on your knowledge of biology, explain the harmful effects of the activities shown in Diagram 8. Berdasarkan kepada pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan kesan buruk aktiviti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.

[8 marks] (ii) Suggest ways in which these harmful effects might be overcome.

Cadangkan langkah-langkah bagaimana kesan buruk ini dapat diatasi. [2 marks]

Town/ Bandar Forest / Hutan

Sawmills/ Kilang papan

Pulp factory / Kilang papan lapis

Sewage outflow/ Buangan bahan

kumbahan

Transportation / Pengangkutan C

DIAGRAM 8 / RAJAH 8

Hot water / Air panas


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

20Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

(b)

Describe the advantages of each step suggested to conserve the environment without affecting the country’s development as well as the problems which may be faced if these steps were not taken.

Huraikan kebaikan setiap langkah yang dicadangkan untuk memulihara ekosistem tanpa menjejaskan pembangunan negara serta masalah yang mungkin dihadapi jika langkah-langkah tersebut tidak diambil.

[10 marks]

Development must be followed by strategic management to reduce harmful effects on the ecosystem.

Pembangunan mesti disusuli dengan pengurusan yang terancang untuk mengurangkan kesan negatif kepada ekosistem.



4551/2 SULIT

21Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

9. (a) A dyhibrid cross between two varieties of chicken, Leghorn and Cornish,

produces a new variety, Rhode Island. The characteristic of the trait is shown in Table 9. Kacukan dihibrid di antara dua varieti ayam, Leghorn dan Cornish, menghasilkan satu varieti baru, Rhode Island. Ciri-ciri trait adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Jadual 9.

Characteristics of the trait / Ciri-ciri trait Chicken variety /

varieti ayam Genotype / genotip Phenotype / Fenotip Leghorn

EEtt

Cornish

eeTT

Rhode Island

EeTt

Key : E – represents the dominant allele for the chicken that produces many eggs T - represents the dominant allele for the chicken that is rich in meat E – mewakili alel dominan bagi ayam yang menghasilkan telur yang banyak T – mewakili alel dominan bagi ayam yang mempunyai daging yang banyak

Rhode Island variety is a better quality chicken compared to its parents, the Leghorn and the Cornish. Explain why.

Varieti Rhode Island adalah lebih baik berbanding kedua-dua induknya, Leghorn dan Cornish. Terangkan mengapa.

[10 marks]

More eggs Less meat Telur yang banyak Daging yang sedikit

Less eggs More meat Telur yang sedikit Daging yang banyak

More eggs More meat Telur yang banyak Daging yang banyak

TABLE 9 / JADUAL 9


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com


4551/2 SULIT

22Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

9. (b) Diagram 9.1 shows the life cycle of butterflies A and B. Butterfly B is a pest of palm oil.

Diagram 9.2 shows the desired trait in a new progeny (butterfly C) as the outcome of genetic engineering.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan kitar hidup rama-rama A dan B. Rama-rama B merupakan serangga perosak kelapa sawit.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan penghasilan progeni baru (rama-rama C) hasil daripada kejuruteraan genetik.


Referring to Diagrams 9.1 and 9.2, discuss how the population of butterfly B can be controlled through genetic engineering. Merujuk kepada Rajah 9.1 dan 9.2 bincangkan bagaimana populasi rama-rama B dapat dikawal menggunakan kaedah kejuruteraan genetik.

[10 marks]

DNA segment of butterfly A DNA segment of butterfly B

Segmen DNA rama-rama A Segmen DNA rama-rama B

Key / Petunjuk : Q : the gene that allows a larva to develop into pupa and into a mature adult / Q: gen yang menyebabkan larva berkembang menjadi pupa dan dewasa matang q : the gene that prevents the larva from developing into a mature adult / q: gen yang menyebabkan larva tidak berkembang menjadi dewasa matang


Egg / Telur Larva / Larva

Pupa / Pupa Adult / Dewasa matang

DNA segment of butterfly C consisting of gene q / Segmen DNA rama-rama C yang mengandungi gen q

Q q

q


4


SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA TRIAL EXAMINATION 2007

Examiner’s

code

Questions Marks Marks obtained

1 33

Response

15

2 Other

criteria 2

Total

BIOLOGY

Paper 3

One hour and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION BOOKLET UNTIL BEING TOLD

TO DO SO

1. Write downyour name and class in the space provided

Tuliskan nama dan kelas anda pada ruang yang disediakan.

2. The question booklet is bilingual Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam

dwibahasa. 3. The question is in English followed

by Malay version. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam

bahasa Inggeris dan diikuti oleh bahasa Malaysia

4. Candidates are required to read the

information on page 2 and 3. Calon dikehendaki membaca

maklumat di halaman 2 dan 3.

This booklet consists of 11 printed pages and 1 unprinted page


1½ jam

4551/3

4551

3


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

5 1. A student carried out an experiment to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium

chloride solution on red blood cells within 30 minutes. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan larutan

natrium klorida terhadap sel darah merah dalam masa 30 minit.

Diagram 1(b) Rajah 1 (b)

Diagram 1(a) shows the experiment set up by the student. Diagram 1(b) shows the red blood cells under the microscope after being immersed in 0.15 M sodium chloride solution (test tube A) for 30 minutes. The experiments were repeated at different concentrations of sodium chloride, 0.30 M, 0.45 M and 0.60 M. Red blood cells were then immersed in test tube B (0.30 M), C (0.45 M) and D (0.60 M) respectively. The results are shown in Table 1. Gambar rajah 1(a) menunjukkan radas yang disediakan oleh seorang pelajar. Rajah 1(b) menunjukkan sel darah merah yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop selepas direndam dalam larutan 0.15 M natrium klorida (tabung uji A) selama 30 minit. Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida yang berbeza kepekatan iaitu 0.30 M, 0.45 M and 0.60 M. Sel darah merah direndam dalam tabung uji B (0.30 M), C (0.45 M) dan D (0.60 M). Keputusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.

Sodium chloride +

Red blood cells

Diagram 1(a) Rajah 1 (a)

Microscope Mikroskop

Stop watch Jam randik

Test tube A Tabung uji A

Natrium klorida +

Sel darah merah


6 Test tube Tabung uji

Concentration of sodium chloride solution (M) Kepekatan larutan natrium klorida (M)

Red blood cells as seen under the microscope. Rupa bentuk sel darah merah seperti yang dilihat bawah mikroskop.

Number of crenated red blood cells. Bilangan sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi.

A 0.30

………………….

B 0.45

………………….

Normal red blood cell Sel darah merah normal

Crenated red blood cell Sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

7

C 0.60

………………….

TABLE 1 JADUAL 1

(a) (i) Based on Table 1, state two observations on the relationship between the number of crenated

red blood cells and the concentration of sodium chloride solution. Berdasarkan Jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang hubungan antara bilangan sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi dengan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida.

1 _________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in (a)(i). Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di (a)(i).

1 __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


8

(b) Record the number of crenated red blood cells in the box provided in Table 1.

Rekodkan bilangan sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1.

[3 marks] (c)

Variables Pembolehubah

Method to handle the variable Cara mengendalikan pembolehubah

Manipulated variable: Pembolehubah dimanipulasi ………………………………

…………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….

Responding variable: Pembolehubah bergerak balas ………………………………

…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………

Controlled variable: Pembolehubah dimalarkan ………………………………

…………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………

TABLE 3 JADUAL 3

[3 marks] (d) State the hypothesis of the experiment. Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

9 (e) (i) Plot a graph showing the percentage of crenated red blood cells against the concentrations of

sodium chloride solution on a graph paper provided in page 10. Lukiskan graf peratus sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi melawan kepekatan larutan

natrium klorida dalam kertas graf yang disediakan di muka surat 10. [3 marks]

(ii) Referring to the graph in (e)(i), describe the relationship between the number of crenated red blood cells and the concentration of sodium chloride solution.

Merujuk kepada graf e)(i) terangkan hubungan antara bilangan sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi dengan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida.

__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] (f) Test tube B was left aside for 60 minutes. Explain the relationship between the number of

crenated red blood cells and time. Tabung uji B dibiarkan selama 60 minit . Terangkan perhubungan antara bilangan sel darah merah yang krenasi dengan masa.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] (g) In another experiment the red blood cells were immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes.

Predict the results of the experiment. Dalam eksperimen yang lain, sel darah merah direndam dalam air suling selama 30 minit. Ramalkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

__________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


10

(h) Based on this experiment, what can you deduce about osmosis?

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat anda rumuskan tentang osmosis ini? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(i) Classify the words given above into ‘Process’ and ‘Appearance of Cells’ according to hypertonic

and hypotonic solutions. Kelaskan perkataan-perkataan yang diberi di atas kepada ‘Proses’ dan ‘Rupa bentuk Sel’

mengikut jenis larutan hipotonik dan hipertonik. [3 marks]

plasmolysis, crenated, deplasmolysis, turgid

plasmolisis, krenas, deplasmolisis, segah


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

11

A graph of the percentage of crenated red blood cells against the concentrations of sodium chloride solution. Graf peratus sel darah merah yang mengalami krenasi melawan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida.


122. Based on the above statement, design a laboratory experiment to investigate the growth curve of maize plants from seedling until maturity. Your planning of the experiment should include the following aspects: Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, rancangkan eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan pokok jagung dari peringkat anak benih hingga ke peringkat matang. Perancangan anda perlu mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

• Objective Objektif

• Problem statement Pernyataan masalah

• Statement of hypothesis Pernyataan hipotesis

• Variables

Variabel

• Materials and apparatus Bahan dan alat radas

• Technique Teknik

• Procedures Prosedur

• Communication of data Komunikasi data

• Conclusion Kesimpulan

Usually the general growth curve for organisms is sigmoid in shape. Biasanya graf pertumbuhan umum bagi organisma adalah berbentuk sigmoid.


ww

w.m

yschoolchildren.com

biologi kertas 1, 2, 3 percubaan spm 2007 mrsm

Documents

what is the function

what happened to the

rajah menunjukkan sel

rajah menunjukkan sel

what is x

bahan buangan metabolisma

bahasa inggeris diikuti

komponen sel berikut