biology project 2015

7/23/2019 Biology Project 2015

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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

HARMFUL EFFECTS

OFMOBILE RADIATION



XII B

CERTIFICATE

NAME : CLASS :

ROLL NO. :

INSTITUITION :

A certification that the student has com!eted the in"esti#ator$ro%ect& done 'e!! and on time& under the #uidance of

((((((((((((( )Su*%ect Teacher+ durin# the $ear ,-/0,-1 in a artia! fu!fi!ment of the Bio!o#$ 2ractica!E3amination.

E3aminer4s Si#n Teacher4s Si#n

5ate :

2rincia!4s Si#n



Schoo! Stam

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I #reat!$ ac6no'!ed#e the "a!ua*!e contri*utions of m$ Bio!o#$Teacher& Mrs. 2reeti A#ar'a! for re"ie'in# the manuscrit and

#i"in# "a!ua*!e su##estions. I 'ou!d a!so !i6e to than6 the La* Assistant Mr. La6hmir Chamd Sharma for his time!$ he!.



AIM

TO STUDY

THE HARMFUL EFFECTS

OF

MOBILE RADIATION



LIST OF CONTENTS

. Introduction : 7hat is Mo*i!e 2hone,. 8istor$ And E"o!ution Of The Mo*i!e 2hone9. Some common features to a!! mo*i!e handsets. Base Station and it4s 8ea!th 8a;ards

/. Mo*i!e 2hone Radiation And 8ea!th1. Some of the 2otentia! Side Effects of E3osure to

E!ectroma#netic Radiation:<. Effects of Ce!! 2hones as an En"ironmenta! 8a;ard=. Effects of Mo*i!e Radiation on Li"in# Tissue

i. Radiation A*sortionii. Therma! Effectsiii. B!ood0Brain Barrier effects

i". Co#niti"e Effects ". E!ectroma#netic h$ersensiti"it$ "i. Beha"ioura! Effects "ii. Serm count and serm >ua!it$

?. 7hat has research sho'n a*out the ossi*!e cancer0causin# effects of radiofre>uenc$ ener#$@

-. indin#s from famous studies. Research and Sur"e$

,. Tis for Reducin# 2otentia! 8armfu! Effects ofMo*i!e 2hone Radiation9. Conc!usion. Bi*!io#rah$



What Is Mobi! "ho#!$

A mo*i!e hone is a hone that can ma6e andrecei"e te!ehone ca!!s o"er a radio !in6 'hi!emo"in# around a 'ide #eo#rahic area.

It does so *$ connectin# to a ce!!u!ar net'or6

ro"ided *$ a mo*i!e hone oerator& a!!o'in#access to the u*!ic te!ehone net'or6.

B$ contrast& a cord!ess te!ehone is used on!$ 'ithin the short ran#e of a sin#!e& ri"ate *asestation.

The first hand0he!d ce!! hone 'as demonstrated *$ ohn . Mitche!!and Martin Cooer of Motoro!ain ?<9& usin# a handset 'ei#hin# around .ounds ), 6#+.

In ?=9& the 5$naTAC =---3 'as the first to *e

commercia!!$ a"ai!a*!e. rom ?=9 to ,-& 'or!d'ide mo*i!e hone su*scritions #re' from;ero to o"er < *i!!ion& enetratin# -- of the#!o*a! ou!ation and reachin# the *ottom of theeconomic $ramid. In ,-& the to ce!! honemanufacturers 'ere Samsun#& No6ia& A!e& andLD.



Histo%& A#' E(o)tio# O* Th! Mobi!Pho#!+

I# Th! B!,i##i#,

Many of the early cell phones were considered to be “car phones,” asthey were too large and cumbersome to carry around in a pocket orpurse. However, in 19!, the Motorola "yna#$% &&&' arrived on themarket. #hough huge by today(s standards, it was considered the firsttruly mobile phone because it was small enough to carry.

#hough the "yna#ac and subse)uent models were smaller, mobile, andultimately cooler, they still had their faults. *ulky, luggable models likethe +okia Mobira #alkman and the Motorola 9&& *ag -hone had longer battery lives and more talk time, making them more popular at the time. $s the technology advanced, cell phone companies figured out how topack all the features their customers wanted into a smaller, portable,more affordable model.

A Shi*ti#, P)%"os!arly cell phones were /ust for talking. 0radually, features like voicemailwere added, but the main purpose was talk. ventually, cell phonemanufacturers began to realie that they could integrate othertechnologies into their phone and e'pand its features. #he earliestsmartphones let users access email, and use the phone as a fa'machine, pager, and address book.

Cha#,i#, Sha"!

2ust in recent years, cell phone designs have actually started to becomelarger and simpler, making room for a larger screen and less buttons.*ecause phones have become mobile media devices, the mostdesirable aspect is a large, clear, high3definition screen for optimal webviewing. ven the keyboard is being taken away, replaced by a touch

screen keyboard that only comes out when you need it.



So-! Co--o# F!at)%!s To A Mobi!Ha#'s!ts+

#he common components found on all phones are4

1. $ battery, providing the power source for the phonefunctions.

. $n input mechanism to allow the user to interact with thephone.

!. #he most common input mechanism is a keypad, buttouch screens are also found in most smartphones.

5. $ screen which echoes the user6s typing, displays te't

messages, contacts and more.

7. *asic mobile phone services to allow users to make callsand send te't messages.

8. $ll 0M phones use a :M card to allow an account to beswapped among devices. ome %"M$ devices also havea similar card called a ;3<:M.

=. :ndividual 0M, >%"M$, i"+ and some satellite phonedevices are uni)uely identified by an :nternational Mobile)uipment :dentity ?:M:@ number.



Top Five Worldwide Total Mobile Phone Vendors.

Rank Manufacturer Gartner A5B ID A7B

1 amsung 5.8C 5.7C

+okia 1!.9C 1!.C

! $pple :nc. .!C .5C

5 D0 !.C !.C

7 E# !.!C 3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone#cite_note-24

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Corporation



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Electronics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Electronics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner



What Is A Bas! Statio#$

#he term base station is used in the conte't of mobile

telephony, wireless computer networking and other wirelesscommunications and in land surveying4 in surveying it is a 0-receiver at a known position, while in wireless communicationsit is a transceiver connecting a number of other devices to oneanother andFor to a wider area. :n mobile telephony it providesthe connection between mobile phones and the widertelephone network.

H!ath Ha.a%'s O* Bas! Statio#s

$nother area of concern is the radiation emitted by the fi'edinfrastructure used in mobile telephony, such as base stationsand their antennas, which provide the link to and from mobilephones. #his is because, in contrast to mobile handsets, it isemitted continuously and is more powerful at close )uarters.Gn the other hand, field intensities drop rapidly with distanceaway from the base of transmitters because of the attenuationof power with the s)uare of distance.

Gne popular design of mobile phone antenna is the sectorantenna, whose coverage is 1& degrees horiontally andabout ∓7 degrees from the vertical.

*ecause base stations operate at less than 1&& watts, theradiation at ground level is much weaker than a cell phone due



to the power relationship appropriate for that design of antenna.*ase station emissions must comply with safety guidelines.ome countries, however ?such as outh $frica, for e'ample@,have no health regulations governing the placement of basestations.



Mobi! Pho#! Ra'iatio# A#' H!ath

#he effect of mobile phone radiation on human health is asub/ect of interest and study worldwide, as a result of theincrease in mobile phone usage throughout the world. $s of+ovember &11, there were more than 8 billion subscriptionsworldwide. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in themicrowave range. Gther digital wireless systems, such as datacommunication networks, produce similar radiation.

:n &11, :nternational $gency for ;esearch on %ancer ?:$;%@

classified mobile phone radiation as 0roup * 3 possiblycarcinogenic ?not 0roup $ 3 probably carcinogenic 3 nor thedangerous 0roup 1@. #hat means that there could be somerisk of carcinogenicity, so additional research into the long3term, heavy use of mobile phones needs to be conducted. #he>HG added in 2une &11 that to date, no adverse healtheffects have been established as being caused by mobilephone use, a point they reiterated in Gctober &15. ome

national radiation advisory authorities have recommendedmeasures to minimie e'posure to their citiens as aprecautionary approach.



Tumours MelanomaHeadaches

Reduced

Memor" Loss

Beha#!oural

CELL

%HONE

HEALTH

Fa!$ue

Card!o#ascular&ene!c



So-! O* Th! Pot!#tia Si'! E/!0ts O* E1"os)%! To E!0t%o-a,#!ti0 Ra'iatio#2

I *lurry Jision

I Headaches

I +ausea

I Katigue

I +eck -ain

I Memory Doss

I Deukaemia

I ;are *rain %ancers

I nyme %hanges #hat $ffect "+$

I *irth "efects

I %hanges :n Metabolism

I :ncreased ;isk Kor $lheimer(s "isease

I :ncreased ;isk Kor Heart %onditions

I +eurological Hormone %hanges Dinked :mpaired*rain Kunction

Brea' In Blood



E/!0ts O* C! Pho#!s As A#E#(i%o#-!#ta Ha.a%'

To(!c Leach!n$

#he +atural ;esources "efense %ouncil observes that lead, mercury and cadmium

found in personal electronic devices such as mobile phones can “release dangerous

to'ins into our air and water when burned or deposited in landfills improperly.” :n

these situations, there can be significant environmental impacts.



E/!0ts O* Mobi! Ra'iatio# O# Li(i#,Tiss)!2

Rad!a!on A)sor*!on

-art of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset areabsorbed by the body. #he radio waves emitted by a 0M handset are

typically below a watt. #he ma'imum power output from a mobile phone

is regulated by the mobile phone standard and by the regulatory

agencies in each country.

:n most systems the cellphone and the base station check reception

)uality and signal strength and the power level is increased or

decreased automatically, within a certain span, to accommodate different

situations, such as inside or outside of buildings and vehicles.



#he rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body is measured

by the pecific $bsorption ;ate ?$;@, and its ma'imum levels for

modern handsets have been set by governmental regulating agencies in

many countries.

:n the <$, the Kederal %ommunications %ommission ?K%%@ has set a

$; limit of 1.8 >Fkg, averaged over a volume of 1 gram of tissue, for

the head. :n urope, the limit is >Fkg, averaged over a volume of 1&

grams of tissue. $; data for specific mobile phones, along with other

useful information, can be found directly on manufacturers6 websites, as

well as on third party web sites. :t is worth noting that thermal radiation is

not comparable to ioniing radiation in that it only increases the

temperature in normal matter, it does not break molecular bonds or

release electrons from their atoms.

Thermal E+ecs

Gne well3understood effect of microwave radiation is dielectric heating,in which any dielectric material ?such as living tissue@ is heated byrotations of polar molecules induced by the electromagnetic field. :n thecase of a person using a cell phone, most of the heating effect will occur

at the surface of the head, causing its temperature to increase by afraction of a degree. :n this case, the level of temperature increase is anorder of magnitude less than that obtained during the e'posure of thehead to direct sunlight. #he brain6s blood circulation is capable ofdisposing of e'cess heat by increasing local blood flow. However, thecornea of the eye does not have this temperature regulation mechanismand e'posure of L! hours duration has been reported to producecataracts in rabbits6 eyes at $; values from 1&&L15& >Fkg, whichproduced lenticular temperatures of 51 %. #his has known to cause

premature cataract in humans.



$ image via thermal scans showing heating of the facial skin after 5hours of phone usage.

!Ther"al effects have also known to cause har" to ear dru" andi"pair hearin# in the lon# ter".

*loodL*rain *arrier ffects

wedish researchers from Dund <niversity have studied the effects of

mobile radiation on the brain. #hey found a leakage of albumin into the

brain via a permeated bloodLbrain barrier. #his confirms earlier work on

the bloodLbrain barrier by $llan Krey, Gscar and Hawkins, and $lbert

and Nerns.

-rof Descynski of Kinland6s radiation and nuclear safety authority

found that, at the ma'imum legal limit for mobile radiation, one protein in

particular, H- =, was affected. H- = played a critical role in the

integrity of the blood3brain barrier.

Co$n!!#e E+ecs

$ &&9 study, e'amined the effects of e'posure to radiofre)uency

radiation ?;K;@ emitted by standard 0M cell phones on the cognitive

functions of humans.

#he study confirmed longer ?slower@ response times to a spatial working

memory task when e'posed to ;K; from a standard 0M cellular phone



placed ne't to the head of male sub/ects, and showed that longer

duration of e'posure to ;K; may increase the effects on performance.

;ight3handed sub/ects e'posed to ;K; on the left side of their head on

average had significantly longer response times when compared to

e'posure to the right side and sham3e'posure.

Elecroma$ne!c H"*ersens!!#!"

ome users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several unspecific

symptoms during and after its useO ranging from burning and tingling

sensations in the skin of the head and e'tremities, fatigue, sleep

disturbances, diiness, loss of mental attention, reaction times and

memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia ?heart

palpitations@, to disturbances of the digestive system.

;eports have noted that all of these symptoms can also be attributed to

stress and that current research cannot separate the symptoms from

nocebo effects.

0enoto'ic ffects

:n "ecember &&5, a pan3uropean study named ;KDP?;isk valuation of -otential nvironmental Haards from Downergy lectromagnetic Kield ?MK@ 'posure <sing ensitivein vitro Methods@, involving 1 collaborating laboratories inseveral countries showed some compelling evidence of "+$damage of cells in in3vitro cultures, when e'posed between &.!

to wattsFkg, whole3sample average. #here were indications,but not rigorous evidence of other cell changes, includingdamage to chromosomes, alterations in the activity of certaingenes and a boosted rate of cell division.

$ustralian research conducted in &&9, by sub/ecting in vitrosamples of human spermatooa to radio3fre)uency radiation at1. 0H and specific absorption rates ?$;@ of &.5 to =.7>Fkg showed a correlation between increasing $; and

decreased motility and vitality in sperm, increased o'idative



stress and 3G'o363deo'yguanosine markers, stimulating "+$base adduct formation and increased "+$ fragmentation.

Beha#!oural E+ecs

$ study shows that e'posure to e'cessive mobile radiationduring pregnancy can cause a risk of $"H" in child.

S*erm Coun And S*erm ,ual!"

'posure to $; values for long times for those men who keepthe mobile phones in their lower pockets for most of the time,increases the temperature of groin and the radiation has knownto cause considerable lowering of the sperm motility and vitalityof sperm.



What Has R!s!a%0h Sho3# Abo)t Th!Possib! Ca#0!%4Ca)si#, E/!0ts O*

Ra'ioF%!5)!#0& E#!%,&$

$lthough there have been some concerns that radiofre)uency energy

from cell phones held closely to the head may affect the brain and other

tissues, to date there is no evidence from studies of cells, animals, or

humans that radiofre)uency energy can cause cancer.

:t is generally accepted that damage to "+$ is necessary for cancer to

develop. However, radiofre)uency energy, unlike ioniing radiation, does

not cause "+$ damage in cells, and it has not been found to cause

cancer in animals or to enhance the cancer3causing effects of knownchemical carcinogens in animals

;esearchers have carried out several types of epidemiologic studies to

investigate the possibility of a relationship between cell phone use and

the risk of malignant ?cancerous@ brain tumors, such as gliomas, as well

as benign ?noncancerous@ tumors, such as acousticneuromas ?tumors in

the cells of the nerve responsible for hearing@, most

meningiomas?tumors in the meninges, membranes that cover and

protect the brain and spinal cord@, and parotid gland tumors ?tumors inthe salivary glands@

:n one type of study, called a case3control study, cell phone use is

compared between people with these types of tumors and people

without them. :n another type of study, called a cohort study, a large

group of people is followed over time and the rate of these tumors in

people who did and didn(t use cell phones is compared. %ancer

incidence data can also be analyed over time to see if the rates of

cancer changed in large populations during the time that cell phone use

increased dramatically. #he results of these studies have generally not

provided clear evidence of a relationship between cell phone use and

cancer, but there have been some statistically significant findings in

certain subgroups of people.



Fi#'i#,s F%o- Fa-o)s R!s!a%0hSt)'i!s A%! S)--a%i.!' B!o3

• The Iner*hone Sud"- conduced )" a consor!um o. researchers.rom /0 counr!es- !s he lar$es healh1relaed case1conrol sud" o.use o. cell *hones and head and nec' umors2 Mos *u)l!shedanal"ses .rom h!s sud" ha#e sho3n no sa!s!call" s!$n!4can!ncreases !n )ra!n or cenral ner#ous s"sem cancers relaed o h!$heramouns o. cell *hone use2 One recen anal"s!s sho3ed a sa!s!call"s!$n!4can- al)e! modes- !ncrease !n he r!s' o. $l!oma amon$ hesmall *ro*or!on o. sud" *ar!c!*ans 3ho s*en he mos oal !meon cell *hone calls2 Ho3e#er- he researchers cons!dered h!s 4nd!n$!nconclus!#e )ecause he" .el ha he amoun o. use re*ored )"some res*ondens 3as unl!'el" and )ecause he *ar!c!*ans 3hore*ored lo3er le#els o. use a**eared o ha#e a sl!$hl" reduced r!s'o. )ra!n cancer com*ared 3!h *eo*le 3ho d!d no use cell *honesre$ularl"2 Anoher recen sud" .rom he $rou* .ound no rela!onsh!*)e3een )ra!n umor loca!ons and re$!ons o. he )ra!n ha 3eree(*osed o he h!$hes le#el o. rad!o.re5uenc" ener$" .rom cell*hones

• A cohor sud" !n Denmar' l!n'ed )!ll!n$ !n.orma!on .rom more han067-888 cell *hone su)scr!)ers 3!h )ra!n umor !nc!dence daa .romhe Dan!sh Cancer Re$!sr"2 The anal"ses .ound no assoc!a!on

)e3een cell *hone use and he !nc!dence o. $l!oma- men!n$!oma- oracous!c neuroma- e#en amon$ *eo*le 3ho had )een cell *honesu)scr!)ers .or /0 or more "ears2

• The *ros*ec!#e M!ll!on 9omen Sud" !n he Un!ed :!n$dom .oundha sel.1re*ored cell *hone use 3as no assoc!aed 3!h an !ncreasedr!s' o. $l!oma- men!n$!oma- or non1cenral ner#ous s"sem umors2 The researchers d!d 4nd ha he use o. cell *hones .or more han 6"ears 3as assoc!aed 3!h an !ncreased r!s' o. acous!c neuroma- andha he r!s' o. acous!c neuroma !ncreased 3!h !ncreas!n$ dura!on o. cell *hone use2 Ho3e#er- he !nc!dence o. hese umors amon$ menand 3omen !n he Un!ed :!n$dom d!d no !ncrease dur!n$ /;;7 o<887- e#en hou$h cell *hone use !ncreased drama!call" o#er hadecade2

• An earl" case1conrol sud" !n he Un!ed Saes 3as una)le o

demonsrae a rela!onsh!* )e3een cell *hone use and $l!oma ormen!n$!oma2

• Some case1conrol sud!es !n S3eden .ound sa!s!call" s!$n!4canrends o. !ncreas!n$ )ra!n cancer r!s' .or he oal amoun o. cell*hone use and he "ears o. use amon$ *eo*le 3ho )e$an us!n$ cell*hones )e.ore a$e <82 Ho3e#er- anoher lar$e- case1conrol sud" !nS3eden d!d no 4nd an !ncreased r!s' o. )ra!n cancer amon$ *eo*le

)e3een he a$es o. <8 and =;2 In add!!on- he !nerna!onal CEFALOsud"- 3h!ch com*ared ch!ldren 3ho 3ere d!a$nosed 3!h )ra!n



cancer )e3een a$es > and /; 3!h s!m!lar ch!ldren 3ho 3ere no-.ound no rela!onsh!* )e3een he!r cell *hone use and r!s' .or )ra!ncancer2

• Sud!es o. 3or'ers e(*osed o rad!o.re5uenc" ener$" ha#e sho3nno e#!dence o. !ncreased r!s' o. )ra!n umors amon$ U2S2 Na#"

elecron!cs echn!c!ans- a#!a!on echn!c!ans- or 4re conrolechn!c!ans- hose 3or'!n$ !n an elecroma$ne!c *ulse es *ro$ram-*las!c13are 3or'ers- cellular *hone manu.acur!n$ 3or'ers- or Na#"*ersonnel 3!h a h!$h *ro)a)!l!" o. e(*osure o radar2

C! Pho#!s R!a0h Th! Ma%6!t Witho)t

Sa*!t& T!sti#,#he cellular phone industry was born in the early 19&s, whencommunications technology that had been developed for the"epartment of "efence was put into commerce by companies focusingon profits. #his group, with big ideas but limited resources, pressuredgovernment regulatory agenciesQparticularly the Kood and "rug $dministration ?K"$@Qto allow cell phones to be sold without pre3markettesting. #he rationale, known as the “low power e'clusion,” distinguishedcell phones from dangerous microwave ovens based on the amount of

power used to push the microwaves. $t that time, the only health effectseen from microwaves involved high power strong enough to heathuman tissue. #he pressure worked, and cell phones were e'emptedfrom any type of regulatory oversight, an e'emption that continues today.

#oday there are more than two billion cell phone users being e'posedevery day to the dangers of electromagnetic radiation ?M;@Qdangersgovernment regulators and the cell phone industry refuse to admit e'ist.:ncluded are4 genetic damage, brain dysfunction, brain tumours, andother conditions such as sleep disorders and headaches.

Do 0hi'%!# ha(! a hi,h!% %is6 o*

'!(!o"i#, 0a#0!% ')! to 0! "ho#!

)s! tha# a')ts$

:n theory, children have the potential to be at greater risk than adults for

developing brain cancer from cell phones. #heir nervous systems arestill developing and therefore more vulnerable to factors that may cause



cancer. #heir heads are smaller than those of adults and therefore have

a greater proportional e'posure to the field of radiofre)uency radiation

that is emitted by cell phones. $nd children have the potential of

accumulating more years of cell phone e'posure than adults do.

R!s!a%0h A#' S)%(!&

A sur#e" 3as conduced on 68 !nd!#!duals o. #ar!ous

a$e $rou*s .rom eens o aduls o o)a!n !n.orma!on

o. he!r mo)!le *hone usa$e *aern and dura!on-

!nclud!n$ he ma?or *ur*ose o. us!n$ he!r mo)!le

*hones2

The sur#e" !ncluded !nd!#!duals o. he .ollo3!n$ a$e

$rou*s@

a2 /81/0 "ears)2 /1/> "earsc2 /71<6 "earsd2 <=106 "earse2 8 "ears



7)!stio##ai%!

A sam*le o. he 5ues!onna!re used !n he sur#e"@

/29ha !s "our $endera2Male)2Female

<29has "our a$ea2 /81/0 "ears)2/1/> "earsc2 /71<6 "earsd2<=106 "earse2 8 "ears

02Do "ou o3n a mo)!le *honea2 Yes)2No

2 9ould "ou class!." Inerne as an !m*oran *ar o.

a mo)!le *honea2 Yes



)2No62 Currenl" 3h!ch mo)!le *hone do "ou o3n

Co-"a#& Mo'! P)%0has!' i#8Y!a%9

No'!aSamsun$A**leMoorolaM!croma(Son"

=2 Ho3 much d!d "ou *a" .or !a2 6-8881/8-888 Rs2)2/8-8881/6-888 Rs2c2 /6-8881<6-888 Rs2d2<6-888 Rs2

>2 9h" d!d "ou )u" he mo)!le *honea2%r!e)2 Func!onc2 Screen s!ed2A**earancee2 Trend.2 Ads

72 Ho3 much do "ou s*end on "our mo)!le calls

onl"G a da" a2 08 m!ns)208 m!ns 1/ hrc2 /hr1<hrsd2<hrs

;2 Do "ou use an" oher .eaures o. "our mo)!le

*hone I. so- ho3 much !me do "ou s*end on

h!s .eaure



F!at)%! Don’t use it >30 minutes 1hrs-2 hrs 2hrs-3hrs $ >3hrs

Internet browsing

Music

Text messaging

Gaming

Camera

Other utilities

/82 9h!ch o. hese !s "our .a#our!es .eaure

Scale o. / o = = e(remel" sa!s4edGa2 Inerne )ro3s!n$A**l!ca!on)2Mus!cc2 Te( messa$!n$d2&am!n$e2 Camera

//2 9ha !s "our *r!mar" *ur*ose .or us!n$

!nerne on "our mo)!le *hone %lease

ran' "our ans3ers .rom / o 2 / !s he mos

.re5uen *ur*ose and !s he leas .re5uenGa2 To )ro3se 3332G)2 To read ne3sc2 To readsend e1ma!ls- messa$es- ec2

d2 To use onl!ne a**l!ca!onse2 Soc!al Med!a.2 To *la" Onl!ne &ames

/<2 9ha 3ould "ou descr!)e as he

ma!n )ene4s o. us!n$ !nerne on "our mo)!le

*hone Mul!*le ans3ers *oss!)le J 0 ans3ers a

he ma(G

a2 I hel*s me o conac *eo*le 3hen necessar"



)2 I can search .or !n.orma!on ha I need ur$enl"c2 I !s a 3a" o *ass m" !med2 I allo3s me o use onl!ne u!l!!es 3hen I am ou

/02 Ho3 .ar do "ou 'ee* "our *hone a3a" .rom

3h!le "ou slee*a2 /1< .ee)2<16 .eec2 = .ee

/2 Do "ou char$e "our *hone 3h!le "ou slee*

a2 Yes)2No

/62 Ha#e "ou .el an" d!scre*anc!es !n )od"

.unc!on a.er lon$ and con!nuous use o. "our

mo)!le *hone .or an" reasonG E2$2 Headache-

sra!n !n e"es- .a!$ue- )od" *a!n2a2 Yes

)2No

/=2 Do "ou )el!e#e ha usa$e o. mo)!le *hones

can ha#e healh haardsa2 Yes)2No

/>2 Are "ou a3are and 3orr!ed a)ou he healh

haards .rom *rolon$ed mo)!le usa$ea2 Yes)2No



R!s)t O* Th! S)%(!&

G!#'!%

Male Female

0

/



A,!

/81/0 "ears

/1/> "ears

/71<6 "ears

<=106 "ears

8 "ears

Mobi! Pho#! Us!' *o% Cas

08 m!ns

08m!ns1/hr

/hr1<hrs

<hrs

8

/

/

88

<

/

8

8



Mobi! Us!' Fo% Oth!% P)%"os!s

InerneBro3s!n$

Mus!c

Te( Messa$!n$ Soc!al Med!a

&am!n$ Oher U!l!!es

I#*!%!#0! O* Th! Data F%o- Th! S)%(!&

/2 Ma?or mem)ers o. he sur#e" 3ere male and

)e3een he a$e $rou* /1/> "ears2<2 All mem)ers o. he sur#e" 3ere o3ners o. mo)!le

*hones202 Inerne 3as an !m*oran and !ne$ral *ar o. he!r

mo)!le *hones22 Mos o. he mem)ers )ou$h ne3 mo)!le *hones

as ! 3as rend!n$2 Th!s !s he resul o. !ncrease !n

consumer!sm o#er he "ears262 &reaer num)er o. mem)ers s*en )e3een / o <

hours on he mo)!le *hones ma'!n$ calls *er da"

3hereas a cons!dera)le num)er o. mem)ers also

s*en more han < hours a da" ma'!n$ calls on

he!r mo)!le *hones2



=2 Ou o. he ma?or *ur*oses o. he use o. a mo)!le

*hone- mem)ers s*en ma?or!" o. he!r !me on

soc!al med!a- .ollo3ed )" !nerne )ro3s!n$ and

l!sen!n$ o mus!c2 Mos o. he mem)ers !n he a$e$rou* o. /81/> "ears 3ere he ones 3ho also used

he!r mo)!le *hones .or *la"!n$ $ames2>2 Ou o. he 68 mem)ers o. he sur#e" / *eo*le

char$e he!r *hones 3h!le slee*!n$272 ;8K o. he mem)ers 'e* he!r *hones on he!r

)eds!de 3h!le he" sle*- !2e2 /1< .ee .rom hem

3h!le ! 3as on char$e2;2 Almos all mem)ers .el sl!$h e+ecs o. mo)!le

usa$e on he!r healh such as headache- sra!n !n

he e"es- .a!$ue- *a!n !n he nec' and )ac'- loss o.

slee*- ec2 Mem)ers a)o#e he a$e o. 8 "ears also

e(*er!enced sl!$h sreches o. shor erm memor"

loss2/82 Bu- des*!e h!s .ac mos mem)ers 3ere no

a3are o. he lon$ erm e+ecs o. mo)!le use and

rad!a!on2

Co#0)sio#s D%a3# F%o- Th! S)%(!&

From he a)o#e sur#e" ! can )e seen ha mos *eo*le

'no3 as 3ell ha#e e(*er!enced he shor erm e+ecs o. lon$ erm mo)!le usa$e2 Bu- he" are una3are o. he

lon$ erm e+ecs and healh haards .rom mo)!le

rad!a!on2 %eo*le also 'ee* he!r *hones on char$e

3h!le he" slee* on he!r )eds!de2 Th!s 3as #er"

haardous o he healh as he rad!a!ons em!ed are

close o he )od" and dama$e he or$ans as 3ell as

here !s a $rea r!s' o. o#er char$!n$ he )aer" and



caus!n$ !s e(*los!on2 Such cases ha#e )een recorded

!n he *as as 3ell2 %eo*le are una3are !n he!r slee*

and o#erchar$!n$ or #ola$e ucua!ons ma" r!$$er a

)aer" mal.unc!on and caus!n$ ! o e(*lode 3h!ch3hen /1 .ee close o he )od" can cause .aal!"2

Ch!ldren e(*er!ence 3ea'en!n$ o. e"e s!$h and slo3ed

)ra!n de#elo*men )" *rolon$ed e(*osure o mo)!le

rad!a!on2 Rearda!on !n menal de#elo*men causes

rearda!on !n o#er all de#elo*men o. he !nd!#!dual

and ch!ldren are he mos *rone o such causes2 Mo)!le

rad!a!on !s ma(!mum dur!n$ a #o!ce call and *lac!n$

he *hone near he ear can cause hear!n$ loss and

)ra!n umours as a resul o. lon$ erm e(*osure2 %eo*le

3ho ma'e calls .or hours a da" are he ones mos o

h!s conse5uence and de#elo* d!scre*anc!es .aser

com*ared o oher 3ho are e(*osed less o mo)!le

rad!a!on2

Ti"s Fo% R!')0i#, Pot!#tia Ha%-*)

E/!0ts o* Mobi! Pho#! Ra'iatio#

/2 9hen on a call- use a 3!red headse or s*ea'er*hone

mode2 Use a Blueooh headse- 3h!ch em!s a smaller

amoun o. rad!a!on- onl" 3hen al'!n$2 9hen no us!n$

he headse- 'ee* ! o+ "our )od"2



<2 %lace he mo)!le *hone a3a" .rom "our )od" 3hen

on a call2

02 Do no carr" mo)!le *hones !n *oc'es o. *ans or !n

sh!rs or )ras2 Use a )el holser des!$ned o sh!eld he

)od" .rom rad!a!on2

2 A#o!d us!n$ a mo)!le *hone !n a mo#!n$ car- ra!n-

)us- or !n rural areas a some d!sance .rom a cell

o3er2 D!sance .rom a cell o3er 3!ll !ncrease he cell

*hones rad!a!on ou*u2

62 Turn he mo)!le *hone o+ 3hen "ou don need o

use !2

=2 Use a corded landl!ne *hone !nsead o. a 3!reless

*hone- 3h!ch also em!s rad!a!on2

>2 A#o!d us!n$ mo)!le *hone !ns!de o. )u!ld!n$s-

*ar!cularl" hose 3!h seel srucures- 3h!ch !ncreases

he de#!ces rad!a!on ou*u )ecause s!$nals are no as

sron$2

72 Do no allo3 ch!ldren- 3hose )od!es are more

#ulnera)le o a)sor)!n$ rad!a!on- o slee* 3!h a cell

*hone )eneah he!r *!llo3 or 'ee* ! a he )eds!de2

;2 Do no allo3 ch!ldren under /7 o use a mo)!le *hone

e(ce* !n emer$enc!es2

/82 9hen ma'!n$ a call- do no hold he *hone o "our

ear un!l a.er he *erson on he oher l!ne ans3ers2 The

de#!ce em!s more rad!a!on )e.ore a call $oes hrou$h2

CONCLUSION



The conclus!on dra3n .rom he !n#es!$aor" *ro?ec

4nall" saes he mo)!le rad!a!on !s harm.ul o human

healh2 The e+ecs ma" no )e noed almos

!mmed!ael"- )u 3!ll )e caus!n$ ad#erse e+ecs o he*resen as 3ell he .uure $enera!ons )ecause o. he

a)!l!" o. he rad!a!ons o e+ec and muae human

DNA 3h!ch ha#e a h!$h *oen!al o cause mua!ons

and ne3 d!seases !n he .uure $enera!ons2 Mo)!le

rad!a!ons *resen a #er" h!$h r!s' o. )ra!n cancer and

umours !n humans and mos *rom!nenl" !n ch!ldren

)elo3 he a$e o. 6 "ears2

%recau!onar" measure should )e a'en o *roec ones

sel. and .am!l" and .r!ends .rom he harm.ul e+ecs o.

mo)!le rad!a!on2

Mo)!le rad!a!on m!$h no seem harm.ul !n almos

!mmed!ae e+ecs )u !s such a slo3 *o!son o cause

harm.ul e+ecs o us and e#en our .uure $enera!ons-!n he lon$ run2



BIBLOGRAPHY

3332$oo$le2co2!n

3323!'!*ed!a2or$

3332l!.ee(ens!on2com

3332d!$!alrends2com

3332cancer2$o#

3332sa.es*ace*roec!on2com

http://www.google.co.in/

http://www.lifeextension.com/

http://www.digitaltrends.com/

http://www.cancer.gov/

http://www.safespaceprotection.com/

http://www.google.co.in/

http://www.lifeextension.com/

http://www.digitaltrends.com/

http://www.cancer.gov/

http://www.safespaceprotection.com/

biology project 2015

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