Birth to 1 Year

Melissa WiseErica LangStephanie Smith Adam Stotler

Newborn Growth

• Average weight: 7lbs 8 oz Lose 5-10% of weight first 3-4 days after birth

• Average Length: 20 inches (50cm)

• Grow 1 inch per month for first 6 months

• Head Circumference 13-14 inches

• Chest circumference 12 -14 inches

• Anterior Fontanel (Bregma) – diamond shaped 3-4cm long by 2-3 cm wide

• Posterior Fontanel (Lambda) –triangle shaped 1-2 cm

Erikson: Trust vs MistrustFreud: Oral PhasePiaget: Sensorimotor Phase

SAFETY• Car safety seat should be rear-facing in the back seat and

should never be in a seat near an airbag • Keep your baby out of the sun • Wash your hands often • Test your baby's bath water with your wrist • Put the baby sleeping on his/her back in a crib not in your

bed alone – no blankets, pillows, or stuffed• Never prop the baby's bottle • Never leave the baby unattended• Never shake a baby ever!!

Feedings• 8-10 feedings per day• Signs your baby may be hungry:

• Sucking or rooting• Fussing• Puts hands in mouth

• Signs your baby may be full• Turns away • Closes mouth• Relaxes hands

• 6-8 wet diapers per day

Bonding & Playing • Hold baby at close range• Nurture your baby• Swaddle – for comfort and warmth• Rock them and play soft music• Black and white contrast toys

Newborn

Social / EmotionalBegins to smile at people Can briefly calm self May bring hands to mouth to suck Tries to look at parents

Language / CommunicationCoos and makes gurgling soundsTurns head toward sounds

CognitivePays attention to facesBegins to follow things with eyesRecognizes people at a distanceBegins to act bored (cries / fussy) if activity does not change

Movement / Physical Can hold head up and begin to push up when laying on tummy makes smoother movements with arms and legs

2 Months

Safety • Keep plastic bags, balloons, and

other small objects away from your baby

• No plastic coverings on sheets or pillows

• Be cautious with leaving baby with older children

• Never leave baby alone in bath water

• Nothing around baby's neck• Avoid feeding solid foods, juice and

water • Use flame retardant sleepwear • “Tummy time” should be

supervised

Play with 2 month old• Cuddle• Read• Sing• Bright colored toys • Infant swing • Place in different parts of the room• Rattles• Massages• Walks in strollers

2 Months

Social / Emotional Knows familiar faces / start to fear strangersLikes to play with others – especially parents Responds to other peoples emotions Likes to look at self in mirrorLanguage / Communication Responds to sounds by making soundsStrings vowels together when babbling Responds to own nameShows joy and displeasureCognitive Looks around at things nearbyBrings things to mouthShows curiosity Begins to pass things from one hand to the otherMovement & Physical Rolls over in both directions When standing supports weight on legs and may bounceSometimes crawling backward before forwardRocks back and forth

Growth & Development • Double their birth weight• Gain 3-5 oz weekly for the next 6 months • Height gain of 0.5 inches monthly • Teething may begin with eruption of 2 lower central incisors• Object permanence begins • May begin to eat solids

• Introduce foods one at a time• One new food for 4-7 days

6 Months

Safety• Avoid foods that can cause allergies – Peanuts,

tree nuts, fish, and shellfish• Give small soft bites• Soft cloth or tooth brush to clean teeth • Don’t give a bottle in bed • Keep one hand on baby at all times while

changing• Place gates on stairs• Close doors to rooms they should not be in• 1 piece toys • Lock up poisons / medicines / cleaning supplies

Toys / Play • Look at and read books together • Play games such as peek-a-boo and

patty-cake • Offer active play with mirrors, floor

gyms, and colorful toys to hold • Can clap hands, repeat name, feel

textures, catch water from faucet• Offer teething rings from the fridge

(not freezer)

6 Months

9 Months Growth & Development

Social / Emotional May be afraid of strangersMay be clingy with familiar adultsHas favorite toysLanguage / Communication Understands NOMakes many different sounds “ma ma ma” and “ba ba ba”Copies sounds and gestures of others Uses fingers to point at things Cognitive Looks for things you hide (Object permanence)Plays Peak-A-BooPuts things in mouth Moves things smoothly from one hand to the other Picks up things like cereals between thumb and index finger (Fine motor skills)Movement & Physical Stands holding on can get into sitting position / sits with out support Pulls to standCrawls

Safety• Never have a gun in the home• Do not leave heavy or hot things

on table cloths that baby could pull over

• Put barriers around safe heaters and electrical cords out of baby's reach

• Avoid scaring or yelling at your baby

• Give healthy foods and avoid forcing baby to eat

Toys & Play• Talk / sing / and read daily• Keep daily routines • Watch your baby as they explore • Balls, toys that roll, blocks, and

containers to play with • Avoid use of TV, Videos, and

computers • Use simple words • Use “NO” only when your baby is

going to get hurt or hurt others

9 Months

12 Months Growth & Development

Social / Emotional Still fearful / nervous around strangersBaby cries when parent leavesHas favorite things and people Shows fear in some situations Repeat sounds / actions to get attention Language / Communication uses simple gestures (shaking head no, waving bye-byeSays “mama” and “dada” Tries to repeat words you sayResponds to simple spoken requests Cognitive Explores things in different ways: Shaking, Banging, ThrowingHas object permanenceCopies gesturesStarts to use things correctly: Drinks from a cup, brushes hair Movement & Physical Can sit in sitting position with out helpMay stand Alone / may take a few steps with out holding on Walks holding on to furnitaure

12 Months Toys & Play • Colored blocks • Cups• Squeaky animals / dolls • Music • Sponge / squeeze toys• activity box • Peak-a-boo & Pat-a-cake

Safety • Car seat rear facing until 1 year old and at

least 20 pounds• Lock away poisons, medication, lawn &

cleaning supplies • Apply cabinet locks, electrical outlet covers,

and keep doors closed to rooms that are off limits. Gates at top and bottom of stairs, guards on windows

• Keep furniture away from windows• Lock way knives and scissors