blood component(medic)

7/28/2019 Blood Component(Medic)

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Components of Blood and Its

Function..


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Plasma, in which the blood cells are suspended, including:

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen from the lungs to therest of the body.

White blood cells (leukocytes) - help fight infections and aid in the

immune process. Types of white blood cells include: Lymphocytes.

Monocytes.

Eosinophils.

Basophils. Neutrophils (granulocytes).

Platelets (thrombocytes) - help in blood clotting.

Nutrients.

Chemical substances

Proteins.

Gases, including:

Oxygen.

Carbon dioxide.

Nitrogen.


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Plasma

Liquid part of blood -

55% of blood volume

90% water 100+ substances dissolved in plasma

Blood plasma is a mixture of proteins,

enzymes, nutrients, wastes, hormones, Metalions (salts) and gases.


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Function: transportation for allwatersoluble substances


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There are three major categories of

plasma proteins

Function of the protein substances: Theprotein substances (albumin,globulins) areactive in defence functions, but also in the

binding of water Fibrinogen, which is a soluble precursor of a

sticky protein called fibrin, which forms the

framework of blood clot. Fibrin plays a keyrole in coagulation of blood, which isdiscussed later in this article under Platelets.
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp?centre=&termid=1531http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp?centre=&termid=1531


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Nutrients

Those absorbed by the digestive tract aretransported in the blood plasma. These

include glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol,

phospholipids, vitamins and minerals.

Gases

Some oxygen and carbon dioxide aretransported by plasma. Plasma also contains a

substantial amount of dissolved nitrogen.


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electrolytes (salts, sodium,

potassium, calcium, chlorides).These complex mechanisms

also maintain the blood withina slightly alkaline range (pH =

7.42).


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White blood cells(WBCs) are also

known asleukocytes.


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Granulocytes Granule

Lobed nuclei ! Number: They represent the largest share of the

white blood count

(approx. 60%)

! Size: approx. 10 m in diameter ! Function: They are able to devour micro-organisms

(e.g. bacteria). They

are therefore also called macrophages or phagocytes.

! Characteristics: They can also use amoeboid motionto leave the

bloodstream actively and penetrate tissues.

! Place of origin: They are produced in the red bonemarrow


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Granulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils


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Neutrophils

contain very fine cytoplasmic granules Neutrophils are also called

polymorphonuclear (PMN)

Fuction : play roles in the destruction of

bacteria and the release of chemicals

that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.


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Eosinophils

have large granules and aprominent nucleus that is dividedinto two lobes

Fuction : function in thedestruction of allergens andinflammatory chemicals, and

release enzymes that disableparasites.


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Basophils

have a pale nucleus that is usually

hidden by granules.

Function : secrete histamine which

increases tissue blood flow viadilating the blood vessels, and also

secrete heparin which is an

anticoagulant that promotes mobility

of other WBCs by preventing

clotting.


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Agranulocytes

Lack visible granules

Nuclei spherical, oval orkidney-shaped


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Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

mp oc tes


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ymp ocytes

Cytoplasm - stains pale blue; thin rim aroundnucleus

Nucleus -spherical; stains dark purple

Function - destroying cancer cells, cells infected byviruses, and foreign invading cells. In addition, they

present antigens to activate other cells of theimmune system. They also coordinate the actions ofother immune cells, secrete antibodies and serve inimmune memory.

Place of origin: They are formed in the lymphoid

organs (spleen and

lymph nodes).


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Monocytes

Cytoplasm -abundant; stains grayblue

Nucleus -U or kidney shaped

Function - differentiating into macrophages, which arelarge phagocytic cells, and digest pathogens, deadneutrophils, and the debris of dead cells. Likelymphocytes, they also present antigens to activate other

immune cells. Location of genesis: They are also produced in the red

bone marrow.


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