blood pressure measurement system by bluetooth

BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BY

BLUETOOTH

1 Dr.F.Emerson Soloman , Akkaladev Divya

2

1Assistant Professor

2UG Students,

Department of Biomedical Engineering

BIHER, BIST, Bharath University

Chennai- 6000073.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT : High blood pressure is a

leading chronic disease and has become

the main factor for many high risk

diseases such as diabetes, heart attack

and cancer .At present there are more

than hundred million hyper tension but

only 44% of them have been diagnosed,

we are going to design a blood pressure

measurement system that is completely

wireless and uses blood pressure sensors

to collect the data of the patient and

transfers the information via Bluetooth to

a monitor where in the blood pressure of

the patient along with the patient details

are displayed by this process, blood

pressure of the patient can be monitored

continuously. The overall procedure can

be done within a minute or not more than

two minutes.

Keywords: Blood Pressure Sensor,

Continuous Monitoring System, Bluetooth.

I.INTRODUCTION

Blood pressure measurement devices

have become increasingly popular

during the last decade as prices of

these measurement devices have sunk

to an appropriate level for ordinary

consumers.[1-5] The incorporation of

automatic measurement features and

ease of use have also contributed to

the growing popularity of blood

pressure measurement devices as a

lifestyle device. However, such

measurements devices are typically

cuff based and based on indirect

Blood Pressure (BP) measuring

method using the detection of

Korotkov-sounds. This method had

been used for more than 100 years

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 11811-11822ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

11811

and has two major deficiencies.

Firstly, the cuff grossly affects the

measured parameter. Secondly, the

method determines the blood

pressure only at a single point of

time. Oscillometric methods, applied

in automatic home BP-meters, apart

from the aforementioned

inadequacies, have also a built-in

uncertainty, where it empirically

calculates the systolic and diastolic

values from the measured mean

pressure. In Tonometry the non-

linear effect of the vascular wall

decreases in bigger arteries. It is well

known that good access to a “big”

artery is at the wrist by palpating.

Different mechanisms have been

developed for the automatic non

invasive palpation on the arterial

radials. In order to obtain a stable

blood pressure signal, the tonometric

sensor must be protected against

movement and other mechanical

artifacts.[6-18] The Vascular

unloading technique method is to

unload the arterial wall in order to

linearize this phenomenon with a

counter pressure as high as the

pressure inside the artery. Blood

volume is kept constant by applying

this corresponding pressure from the

outside. The continuously changing

outside pressure that is needed to

keep the arterial blood volume

constant directly corresponds to the

arterial pressure. This is the basic

principle of the so- called “Vascular

Unloading Technique”. For the

realization, a cuff is placed over the

finger. Inside the cuff, the blood

volume in the finger arteries is

measured using a light source and a

light detector. The resulting light

signal is kept constant by controlling

the alterable cuff pressure. During

systole, when blood volume increases

in the finger, the control system

increases cuff pressure, too, until the

excess blood volume is squeezed out.

On the other hand, during diastole,

the blood volume in the finger is

decreased; as a result, cuff pressure is

lowered and again the overall blood

volume remains constant. As blood

volume and, thus, the light signal is

held constant over time, intra- arterial

pressure is equal to the cuff pressure.

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

11812

This pressure can easily be measured

with a manometer.[19-23]

Hydrostatic pressure refers to any

pressure that a liquid exerts on its

container. Blood hydrostatic pressure

is the pressure that the volume of

blood within our circulatory system

exerts on the walls of the blood

vessels that contain it. However,

hydrostatic pressure is not the only

pressure that is exerted on a blood

vessel, osmotic pressure is also

present and the cumulative pressure

from inside is countered by the same

two types of pressure exerted on the

outside of the blood vessels by the

tissues that surround them.[24-29]

The hydrostatic pressure exerted by

our blood on our blood vessels is

what we commonly refer to as our

blood pressure and it can cause

serious problems when upset. Blood

pressure is not the same throughout,

for example, the veins and capillaries

in our feet have way more pressure

inside them than the ones in our head,

and gravity is responsible for this

particular variation. When we get

hypertensive, our blood vessels

experience increased hydrostatic

pressure on them due to increase of

blood flow; it is at this point that

arteriosclerosis occurs and as a result,

the blood vessels become very hard

in order to withstand the high blood

pressure In this paper, a blood

pressure monitoring device has been

presented for real-time non-invasive

blood pressure monitoring based on

Android smart-phone. The

monitoring device is consisted of

three parts: two pieces of

independent node modules for

acquiring ECG and PPG signals and

an Android smart-phone with our

application. The acquired ECG and

fingertip PPG data, which are

measured simultaneously, are sent to

user‟s Android smart- phone by

Bluetooth transmission module in

real time and display on screen for

monitoring. PTT can be computed

from the interval between ECG and

PPG. Finally, blood pressure can be

estimate from the corresponding

PTT.[30-36]


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II. MATERIAL AND

METHODOLOGY

ArduinoUNO

Arduino/ Genuino Uno is a microcontroller

board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be

used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16

MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a

power jack, an ICSP header and a reset

button. It contains everything needed to

support the microcontroller; simply connect

it to a computer with a USB cable or power

it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get

started.. You can tinker with your UNO

without worring too much about doing

something wrong, worst case scenario you

can replace the chip for a few dollars and

start over again.

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen

to mark the release of Arduino Software

(IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of

Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference

versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer

releases. The Uno board is the first in a

series of USB Arduino boards, and the

reference model for the Arduino platform;

for an extensive list of current, past or

outdated boards see the Arduino index of

boards.

Infra-red sensor

Our project aims on air sensor. IR sensors

have been used in the occupational medicine

research in the area of medicine. The IR

sensor can measure the fluctuation of blood

can be detected through an optical sensing

mechanism placed around the fingertip.

Infrared radiation enters through the front of

the sensor,[37-42] known as the „sensor

face‟. At the core of IR sensor is a solid state

sensor or set of sensors, made from

pyroelectric materials-materials which

generate energy when exposed to heat.

Typically, the sensors are approximately 1/4

inch square (40 mm2), and take the form of


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a thin film. Materials commonly used in PIR

sensors include gallium nitride (GaN),

caesium nitrate (CsNO3), polyvinyl

fluorides, derivatives of phenylpyridine, and

cobalt phthalocyanine. The sensor is often

manufactured as part of an integrated

circuit.IR sensors use infra red light to sense

objects in front of them and gauge their

distance[10]. The commonly used Sharp IR

sensors have two black circles which used

for this process. An emitter and a detector.

A pulse of infra red light is emitted from the

emitter and spreads out in a large arc. If no

object is detected then the IR light

continues forever and no reading is

recorded. However, if an object is nearby

then the IR light will be reflected and some

of it will hit the detector. This forms a

simple triangle between the object, emitter

and detector. The detector is able to detect

the angle that the IR light arrived back at

and thus can determine the distance to the

object. This is remarkably accurate and

although interference from sunlight is still a

problem, these sensors are capable of

detecting dark objects in sunlight now. An

infrared detector is a detector that reacts to

infrared (IR) radiation. The two main types

of detectors are thermal and photonic

(photodetectors).The thermal effects of the

incident IR radiation can be followed

through many temperature dependent

phenomena. Bolometers and micro

bolometers are based on changes in

resistance. Thermocouples and thermopiles

use the thermoelectric effect. Golay cells

follow thermal expansion. In IR

spectrometers the pyroelectric detectors are

the most widespread. The response time and

sensitivity of photonic detectors can be

much higher, but usually these have to be

cooled to cut thermal noise[11]. The

materials in these are semiconductors with

narrow band gaps. Incident IR photons can

cause electronic excitations. In

photoconductive detectors, the resistivity of

the detector element is monitored.

Photovoltaic detectors contain a p-n junction

on which photoelectric current appears upon

illumination. A few detector materials like

Mercury cadmium telluride.

IR Sensor


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HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

HC-05 module is an easy to use

Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)

module, designed for transparent

wireless serial connection setup. Serial

port Bluetooth module is fully qualified

Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data

Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete

2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband.

It uses CSR Blue core 04-External single

chip Bluetooth system with CMOS

technology and with AFH (Adaptive

Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the

footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm.

Hope it will simplify your overall

design/development cycle. Specifications

Hardware features Typical -80dBm

sensitivity Up to +4dBm RF transmit

power Low Power 1.8V Operation ,1.8

to 3.6V I/O PIO control UART

interface with programmable baud rate

With integrated antenna With edge

connector.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A liquid crystal display

(LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual

display that uses the light modulating

properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs

does not emit light directly.

They are used in a wide range

of applications including: computer

monitors, television, instrument panels,


11816

aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc.

They are common in consumer devices

such as video players, gaming devices,

clocks, watches, calculators, and

telephones. LCDs have displaced

cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most

applications. They are usually more

compact, lightweight, portable, less

expensive, more reliable, and easier on

the eyes. They are available in a wider

range of screen sizes than CRT and

plasma displays, and since they do not

use phosphors, they cannot suffer image

burn-in.

LCDs are more energy

efficient and offer safer disposal than

CRTs. Its low electrical power

consumption enables it to be used in

battery-powered electronic equipment. It

is an electronically-modulated optical

device made up of any number of pixels

filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in

front of a light source (backlight) or

reflector to produce images in colour or

monochrome.

RESULT:

The use of this device is very simple. We

have to turn the power on and we will see all

zeros on display for few seconds. We have

to wait till the display goes off. Now place

forefinger tip on the sensor assembly, and

press the start button. We will see the LED

blinking with heart beats and after 15 sec,

the result will be displayed. This

implementation of a heart monitor involves

low cost amplifier and filter components

coupled with a microcontroller and seven

segment display.[43-45]

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, the design and

development of a low-cost bluetooth

based device for measuring the heart

pulse rate has been described. The

device has the advantage that it can be

used by non-professional people at

home to measure the heart rate easily

and safely. The device is ergonomic,

portable, durable, and cost effective.

The device is efficient and easy to use.

This device could be used in clinical

and nonclinical environments. It can

also be easily used by individual users,

e.g. athletes during sporting activities.

This work proposes and focuses on the

heartbeat monitoring and that is able to


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monitor the heart beat rate condition of

patient. The system determines blood

pressure per minute. Thus, doctors can

monitor and diagnose the patient‟s

condition continuously and could

suggest earlier precaution for the

patients themselves..This system is cost

effective and user friendly and thus its

usage is not restricted or limited to any

class of users. It is a very efficient

system and very easy to handle and thus

provides great flexibility and serves as a

great improvement over other

conventional monitoring.

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blood pressure measurement system by bluetooth

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