body mechanics and rom management

8/3/2019 Body Mechanics and ROM Management

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Body Mechanics


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balance

Controlled by the nervous system, specifically

by the cerebellum and the inner ear.

A normal state of physiologic equilibrium


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base of support

Foundation which an object is in rest.


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body alignment

A geometric arrangement of body parts in

relation to each other.


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body mechanics

Coordinates effort of the musculoskeletal and

nervous system to maintain proper balance,

posture and body alignment.


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center of gravity

The point of which all the mass of an object is

the center.


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force

Any influence that causes a free body to

undergo acceleration.

Described as a push or pull that can cause anobject with mass to change its velocity.


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friction

A force that occurs in the direction opposing

the move.


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fulcrum

A fixed point about which the lever moves.


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inertia

The tendency of an object at rest to remain at

rest and an object in motion to remain in

motion.


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leverage

A mechanical advantage or use of a lever to

increase lifting power or to make lifting easier.


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line of gravity

An imaginary vertical line drawn through an

object center of gravity.


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posture

The bearing and position of the body and the

relative arrangements of the various parts of

the body.


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stance

Style of standing, positioning for a strike.


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weight

Force on the object due to gravity.


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Principles of Body Mechanics

Anatomy and Physiology

- Involves the structure, exercise and functions of the

different systems of the body.

Chemistry

- Proper body mechanics affects the different chemical

processes in the body such as activity of muscles and

promotion of good circulation of the blood.


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Physics

- Body mechanics involves force and movement. Anunderstanding of the correct application on physics is

essential in maintain proper body mechanics.

Psychology

- Different body movements such as stance and posture

can provide a better understanding of the person or

the clients feelings, values and attitudes.

Time & Energy- Observing proper body mechanics conserves time and

energy.


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Importance of Body Mechanics

Avoid excessive fatigue, muscle pain, strains or tears, skeletal

injuries, and injury to the patient and staff members.

Improves body alignment, posture and mobility.

Maintains body balance and stability.

Promotes good blood circulation.

Improves physical appearance.

Enables us to use energy sufficiently.

Increases level of independence in completing activities.

Increases joint flexibility.

Avoids skin breakdown, reduction of skin turgor.

Relieves stress and anxiety and elevates mood.


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Elements of Body Mechanics

Body Alignment

- One of the most important elements of body

mechanics. The spine is the foundation for a proper

body alignment. The spine consists of bones and

vertebrae that connect with each other and with

other ligaments and muscles and it has an S-shaped

curve. To maintain the proper body alignment, it is

important to maintain that curve. This reduces

muscle tension and gives more stability. If all of these

principles are met, good body mechanics can be

achieved.


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Body Balance

- It is important to maintain the stable center ofgravity and a wide support base in order to observe

proper body mechanics and maintain balance.

Coordinated Body Movement

- Body mechanics involves the integrated functioning

of the musculoskeletal and nervous system.


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Factors Affecting Body Mechanics

Physical Health

- Includes neuromuscular and skeletal impairments

Nutrition

- Includes diet and the weight of the person.

Lifestyle

- Includes work and daily activities, kind of clothes worn, and

the level of stress a person lives.

Attitude and Values

Mental Health

- Emotions and level of understanding of a person.


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Guidelines of Body Mechanics

Balance is maintained and muscle strain is avoided as

long as the line of gravity passes through the base of

support.

The wider the base of support and the lower the

center of gravity, the greater the stability.

Balance is maintained with minimal effort when the

base of support is enlarged in the direction in which

the movements will occur

The greater the construction of muscle before

moving an object, the less the energy are required to

move it and the lesser the risk of injury


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Changes in activity and position help to maintain

muscle tone and avoid fatigue

Using ones own weight to counter act the patient

weight requires less energy movement

Friction between an object and the surface upon

which the object is moved affect the amount of work

needed to move the object.

It is easier to pull, push, or roll an object than it is to

lift it.

Movements should be smooth and coordinatedrather than jerky.

Less energy or force is required to keep an object

moving than it is to start and stop it.


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Use the arm and leg muscles as much as possible,

the back muscles as little as possible. Keep the work as close as possible to your body. It

puts less of a strain on your back, legs, and arms.

Rock backward or forward on your feet to use your

body weight as a pushing or pulling force.

Keep the work at a comfortable height to avoid

excessive bending at the waist.

Keep your body in good physical condition to reduce

the chance of injury.


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Demonstrating Beginning Skills

Proper Standing

Proper Sitting

Proper Pushing and Pulling

Proper Walking

Proper Lifting (light object)

Proper Lifting (heavy object)


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1. Proper Standing

- Head to erect and midline

- Posterior shoulder and hips are parallel and

straight- Abdomen is trucked in and knees and ankle are

slightly apart to achieve base support


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2. Proper Sitting

- Start from proper standing position, sit back,

and feel the chair

- Head erect, vertebral column are straight- Maintain 1-2 inches space or posterior surface

and the knee

- Body weight is evenly distributed on buttocksan thigh

- Both feet are supported on the floor


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3. Proper Pushing and Pulling

- Begin with proper standing position

- Widen base of support by steeping on foot

forward and backward

- Slightly flex both knees, allowing center level withobjects

- Maintain body alignment

- Hold object tightly- Use weight of your body in rocking backward and

forward


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4. Proper Walking

- Begin with proper standing position

- Strike heel to the ground

- Push off the ball and the extended toes- Flex hip joints and lift toes from ground

- Swing arms along with opposite leg movement


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5. Proper Lifting (Light object)

- Come closer to the object to be moved after

assessing the four lifting measures

- Lower your center of gravity to the object to belifted, enlarge the base of support


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6. Proper Lifting (Heavy object)

- Keep load closer to your body, hug the object

closer as u gradually straighten to a standing

position

- Hold load at waist level

- Use safe techniques when you set your load

down

- Bend your knees for low level work

body mechanics and rom management

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