INSTITUTION BUILDING

Activity 4.2 “Organization of at least 4 training activities

for employees of anti corruption sector”

SOCIOLOGY MODULE 21 – 23 november

Zagreb

Maurizio Bortoletti

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IPA 2007 Twinning Project „Strengthening the Anti-Corruption Inter-Agency Cooperation –

Management support of the Ministry of Justice Anti-Corruption Sector“ HR 07 IB JH 04

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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What is corruption? Causes and consequences of corruption Measures of corruption Codes of conduct Sunshine Laws and Transparency and integrity plans The Italy “Brunetta” Reform Some interesting topics Bibliografy

TABLE OF CONTENTS What is corruption?

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Classifications of corruption Political corruption versus bureaucratic corruption State Capture versus administrative corruption Petty corruption versus grand corruption Functionalist approach versus methodological individualism Corruption with theftversus corruption “without theft” Chaotic corruption versus well-organized corruption Economic corruption versus social corruption Strictu sensu corruption versus latu sensu corruption

TABLE OF CONTENTS Causes and consequences

of corruption

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Corruption: “oil” or “sand” in the system? Corruption as a problem of governance Some methodological considerations Corruption and political institutions Quality of regulation and economic competition Size of public sector and budgetary expenditure Corruption and economic development Corruption and cultural aspects

TABLE OF CONTENTS Measures of corruption

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Judicial Measures Corruption indexes based on direct experience of the phenomenon Objective measures of corruption

TABLE OF CONTENTS Codes of conduct

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Italy European Union Other States International Organizations

TABLE OF CONTENTS Sunshine Laws and Transparency and

integrity plans

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European Union United States Italy France Great Britain

TABLE OF CONTENTS The Italy “Brunetta” Reform

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Modernisation of the Public Administration Innovation and digitalisation within the PA and the Country Relathionship between the PA, citizens and businesses

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliografy

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•  Maurizio Bortoletti Corruzione. Le “verità nascoste” tra rischio oggettivo e percezione soggettiva, Rubbettino, Soveria M., 2010; Il diritto alla sicurezza individuale, CUEM, Milano, 2001.; Paura, Criminalità, Insicurezza. Un viaggio nell’Italia alla ricerca della soluzione, Rubbettino, Soveria M., 2005. Il diritto alla sicurezza personale, CUEM, Milano, 2001. Criminalità organizzata e Pubblica Amministrazione. Una lettura del “fenomeno corruzione” attraverso le Regioni Obiettivo

Convergenza, in “Funzione Pubblica”, 2/2010. Corruzione. Misurate, percepita, stimata, … desiderata?, in “Funzione Pubblica”, 1/2010. Corruzione percepita e fenomeno reale. Riflessioni a margine, in “Funzione Pubblica”, 2 /2009. Corrotti/Corretti : combattere la corruzione con la trasparenza delle istituzioni, su “Formiche”, agosto/settembre 2009. Un percorso di analisi del rischio corruzione, in “Funzione Pubblica”, 1/2009. Corrotti, in “Rassegna dell’Arma dei Carabinieri”, nr. 4 / 2009;

•  Alt, James E. and David Dreyer Lassen. 2003. The political economy of institutions and corruption in american states, Journal of

Theoretical Politics. 15(3): 341-365 •  Augustus, Caesar Octavianus. 1991. Res gestae divi Augustus. Pordenone: Edizioni Studio Tesi. •  Anderson, Christopher J., and Yuliya V. Tverdova. 2003. “Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in

Contemporary Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 47 (1): 91-109. •  Bajari, Patrick L., Robert S. McMillan and Steve Tadelis. 2009. Auctions versus negotiations in procurement: An empirical

analysis. The Journal of Law, Economics and Organizations 25 (2): 372-399. •  Bandera, Oriana, Andrea Prat and Tommaso Valletti. 2009. Active and passive waste in government spending: Evidence from a

policy experiment. American Economic Review 99 (4): 1278-1308.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliografy

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•  Bardhan, Pranab. 2002. Decentralization of Governance and Development. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 16 (4): 185-205.

•  Bardhan, Pranab, and Dilip Mookherjee. 2006. Decentralisation and Accountability in Infrastructure Delivery in Developing Countries. Economic Journal 116 (January): 101–27.

•  Boyko Todorov. 2008. Anti-corruption Measures as Political Criteria for EU Accession: Lessons from the Bulgarian Experience. Michelsen Institute (U4 Brief 2008:5)

•  Broadman, H.G, Recantini F. 1999 . Seeds of Corruption –Do Market Institutions Matter?”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2368, Washington.

•  Decreto Legislativo 12 aprile 2006, n. 163, “Codice dei contratti pubblici relativi a lavori, servizi e forniture in attuazione delle direttive 2004/17/CE e 2004/18/CE”, Gazzetta Ufficiale 100, 2 May 2006- Supplemento Ordinario n. 107 http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/testi/06163dl.htm

•  Della Porta, Donatella and Alberto Vannucci. 1992. Un paese anormale. Come la classe politica ha perso l’occasione di Mani Pulite. Roma and Bari, IT: Laterza.

•  Dellarocas, Chrysanthos. 2003. The digitalization of word of mouth: Promise and challenge of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science 49 (10): 1407-1424.

•  Djankov et al. 2002. The Regulation of Entry. Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVII (2002), 1-37. •  Di Tella, Rafael and Ernesto Schargrodsky. 2003. The role of wages and auditing during a crack down on corruption in the city of

Buenos Aires. Journal of Law and Economics 46 (1): 269-292. •  Economist Intelligence Unit, EIU Country Data [On-line database 2002) •  European Parliament. 2004a. Directive 2004/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 coordinating

the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0017:EN:HTML

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliografy

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•  European Parliament. 2004b. Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0018:EN:HTML

•  Fish, M. S. and Kroenig,M. .2009. Handbook of national Legislatures: A Global Survey, Cambridge University Press •  Fung, Archon; Mary Graham and David Weil. 2007. Full disclosure: The perils and promise of transparency. Cambridge, UK:

Cambridge University. •  Freedom house, aggregate abd subcategories scores, available http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=276 •  Golden, Miriam and Lucio Picci. 2005. Proposal for a new measure of corruption illustrated using Italian data. Economics and

Politics 17 (1): 37-75. •  Golden, Miriam and Lucio Picci. 2006. Corruption and the management of public works in Italy. In Handbook of Economic

Corruption. Edited by Susan Rose-Ackerman. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publisher. •  Golden, Miriam and Lucio Picci. 2008. Pork barrel politics in postwar Italy, 1953-1994. American Political Science Review 52 (2):

268-289. •  Goldsmith, A.A. 1999. Slapping the Grasping Hand: Correlates of Political Corruption in Emerging Markets. The American Journal

of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 58 (4):866-883. •  Gregory, Robert. 1995. Accountability, responsibility and corruption: Managing the public production process. In The state under

contract. Edited by Jonathan Boston. Wellington, NZ: Bridget Williams Books. •  Gupta, Sanjeev, Luiz R de Mello and Raju Sharan. 2000. Corruption and military spending. IMF Working Paper 00/23. •  Henderson, D.R. (1999), “Power Corrupts – Editorial Comment”, The Wall Street Journal, April 19 •  Huntington, Paul 1968. Modernization and Corruption, Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press pp.59-71 •  Jain, Arvind K. 2001. Corruption: A review. Journal of Economic Surveys 15 (1): 71-121. •  Interparlamentary union: http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world-arc.htm

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliografy

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•  Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay and Pablo Zoido-Lobatón. 1999. Aggregating Governance Indicators. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2195.

•  Kaufmann, Daniel et al. 200. Measuring governance using cross-country perceptions data. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, ed. S Rose-Ackerman. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar

•  Kelman, Steven. 2002. Remaking federal procurement, Public Contracts law Journal, Summer. •  Kelman, Steven. 2005. Unleashing Change: A Study of Organizational Renewal in Government. Wasgington, DC. Brookings

Institution Press •  Krueger, Anne O. 1974. The political economy of the rent-seeking society. The American Economic Review 64 (3): 291–303. •  Kunicova , Jana and Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 2005 Electoral Rules and Constitutional Structures as Constraints on Corruption.

British Journal of Political Science (2005), 35 : 573-606 Cambridge University Press. •  Lambsdorff, Johann Graff. 2001. a review of theories, Discussion Paper No. 9, Center for Globalization and Europeanization,

University of Goettingen •  Lambsdorff, Johann Graff. 2003. Framework document 2003. Background paper to the 2003 Corruption Perceptions Index.

Mimeo, available online: http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2003/dnld/framework.pdf •  Lambsdorff, Johann Graff. 2006. Causes and consequencies of corruption: What do we know from a cross-section of countries?

In International Handbook of Economic Corruption. Edited by Susan Rose-Ackerman. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publisher. •  Lambsdorff, Johann Graff. 2007. The New Institutional Economics of Corruption and Reform: Theory, Policy, and Evidence,

Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press. •  Mauro, Paolo. 1995. Corruption and Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (3): 681-712. •  Moe, T.M. 1984. The New Economics of Organization, American Journal of Political Science, XXVIII (4), 739-77. •  Olken, Benjamin A. 2007. Monitoring corruption: Evidence from a field experiment in Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy 115

(2): 200-249.

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•  Olken, Benjamin A. 2009. Corruption perceptions vs. corruption reality. Journal of Public Economics 93 (7-8), pp. 950-964, August 2009

•  Olken, Benjamin A. 2010. Direct democracy and local public goods. Evidence from a field experiment in Indonesia. American Political Science Review (forthcoming).

•  Panizza, Ugo. 2001. Electoral Rules, Political Systems, and Institutional Quality. Economics and Politics, Vol. 13 (3): 311-342. •  Petrillo, Joseph J. 2005. Using past performance to steer contract awards. Government Computing News 24 (17, 5 July).

http://gcn.com/articles/2005/06/29/another-view-using-past-performance-to-steer-contract-awards.aspx?sc_lang=en •  Picci, Lucio. 2006b. Misurare l’e-government: il caso italiano. Rassegna Astrid 2. •  Picci, Lucio. 2006c. Reputation-based governance of public works. Rivista di Politica Economica January-February: 161-183. •  Picci, Lucio. 2011 forthcoming. Reputation-based governance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. •  Robinson, David; Harlan Yu; William Zeller and Edward W. Felten. 2008. Government Data and the Invisible Hand. Yale Journal

of Law and Technology 11: 160-175. •  Robinson, James A. and Ragnar Torvik. 2005. White elephants. Journal of Public Economics 89 (2-3): 197-210. •  Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 1999. Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge

University Press •  Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 2004. The challenge of poor governance and corruption. Copenhagen Consensus Challenge Paper.

http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Files/Filer/CC/Papers/Governance_and_Corruption_300404_%286.4MB_version%29.pdf •  Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert W. Vishny. 1993. Corruption. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3): 599–617. •  Svensson, Jacob. 2005. Eight questions about corruption. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (3): 19-42.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliografy

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•  T r a n s p a r e n c y I n t e r n a t i o n a l . 1 9 9 5 . P r e s s r e l e a s e , 1 5 J u l y 1 9 9 5 . http://www.transparency.org/content/download/2915/18031/file/cpi1995.pdf

•  T r a n s p a r e n c y i n t e r n a t i o n a l G l o b a l C o r r u p t i o n B a r o m e t e r 2 0 0 5 h t t p : / /www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/gcb/2005)

•  Treisman, Daniel. 2000. The causes of corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics 76 (3):399-457. •  Treisman, Daniel. 2007. What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical

research? Annual Review of Political Science. Vol. 10: 211-244. •  U.S. Congress. 1994. Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act. Washington, D.C. •  U.S. Government. 2005. Federal Acquisition Rules, Washington, D.C. http://205.130.237.11/far/ •  U.S. Public Law N. 109-282. 2006. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:SN02590:@@@D&summ2=m& •  Warren, Mark E. 2004. What does corruption mean in a democracy? American Journal of Political Science 48 (2): 328-343.

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Thank You for your kindly attention

TABLE OF CONTENTS