breakfast with...dr. lynn mcintyre
DESCRIPTION
Food InsecurityTRANSCRIPT
Lynn McIntyre MD, MHSc, FRCPC Professor & CIHR Chair in Gender and Health
University of Calgary [email protected]
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PLEASE NOTE:
Many of the slides are from unpublished studies and are subject to change and that the posting of
this presentation in no way constitutes prior publication.
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NOT the flipside of Food Security“Food security exists when all
people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” (World Food Summit, 1996)
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Food Insecurity: Household food insecurity refers to the inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints
Hunger: Prolonged, involuntary lack of food that results in illness, weakness or pain that goes beyond the usual uneasy sensation
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A western model for hunger & food insecurity
COMPONENT Household Dimension Individual Dimension
Quantity Food depletion Insufficient intake
Quality Unsuitable food Inadequate diet
Psychological Food anxiety Feeling deprived, lack of
choice
Social Unacceptable means of
food acquisition
Disrupted eating pattern
Source: Modified from Radimer, Olson & Campbell, 1990 (5)
NUMBERS
2007: 8% population
140,442 client visits to Calgary Emergency Food Hamper Program.
Client visits have increased by 57% since the start of the recession.
DYNAMICS
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Nutritional compromise (enough said)
Self-reported health and mental health
Chronic conditionsSpecial case of diabetes, HIV/AIDSChildhood toxicity
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The health burden of food insecurity occurs as a social gradient
The health effects are pervasive and beyond nutrition-related conditions
Food insecurity has bi-directional causality in mental health, perhaps other conditions
Child hunger is toxic to health
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Self-rated health ('Poor' or 'Fair')**** 7.8 14.4**** 21.0**** 36.6****
Males**** 7.7 14.2*** 20.6**** 40.7****
Females**** 7.9 14.6**** 21.2**** 33.5****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Self-rated mental health ('Poor' of 'Fair') **** 3.9 7.1 13.6 25.7
Males**** 3.8 7.0* 13.3**** 23.2****
Females**** 4.0 7.3*** 13.8**** 27.5****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Mood or anxiety disorder**** 8.9 16.1**** 22.5**** 34.8****
Males**** 6.5 11.5** 15.9*** 23.0***
Females**** 11.4 19.9**** 27.1**** 43.9****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Stress**** 23.7 28.3 34.6 48.4
Males**** 22.7 26.8** 32.9**** 48.3****
Females**** 24.8 29.5**** 35.9**** 48.4****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Migraines**** 10.9 16.5**** 19.2**** 25.0****
Males**** 6.4 9.8 11.5** 16.2***
Females**** 15.6 22.0**** 24.4**** 31.7****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Diabetes**** 4.1 4.5 6.0* 12.1***
Males**** 4.5 4.7 5.6 16.6**
Females**** 3.6 4.3 6.2* 8.6*
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Nutrition Services, Population and Public Health, Chronic Disease Management and Primary Care;
Standards and Practice, AHS;Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary
Diabetes, Hypertension and Cholesterol Centre
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81.6%
10.0%
8.4%
Food Insecure - Moderate
Food Insecure - Severe
Food Secure
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• National prevalence rate – 6.9% (2.5 times higher)
• Provincial (Alberta) prevalence rate – 5.6% (3 times higher)
• Food Insecurity is indeed a serious problem affecting this patient population.
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• Indicates reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns
• National rate – 1.7% (2007); 2.9% (2004)• Provincial rate – 1.2% (2007)• Total clinic prevalence – 10.0%
Therefore 54.4% of all food insecure respondents experienced food insecurity at the severe level.
Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Heart disease**** 2.4 2.8 3.1 8.1***
Males**** 2.8 3.0 3.4 10.4*
Females**** 2.0 2.6 2.9 6.3***
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Obesity
Males 18.3 15.6 16.6 20.4
Females**** 14.7 19.7*** 24.2**** 26.2***
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Bowel disorders**** 4.1 4.9* 6.4*** 9.4****
Males** 2.7 2.7 4.7 4.7
Females**** 5.5 6.7** 7.6*** 13.0****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age, sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Health condition
Food secureMarginal food
insecurityModerate food
insecuritySevere food insecurity
Oral health**** 11.9 22.3**** 28.2**** 40.9****
Males**** 14.1 25.9*** 33.4**** 45.3****
Females**** 9.7 19.3**** 24.6**** 37.6****
* = p < .05, ** = p < .01, *** = p <.001 and ****= p<.0001, controlling for age sex, education, aboriginal status, province, household income. Ref=Food secure
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Credit: Cherie Nicholson
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6 cycles of follow up (1994-2004)Child hunger = yes to: “Has your child
(‘you’ if a youth respondent) ever experienced being hungry because the family had run out of food or money to buy food?”
Multiple yes= persistent hungerAdjustments for baseline health, chronic
conditions, asthma, permanent income, and other sociodemographics
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Health Variable Hunger ever Persistent hunger
Child health poor/fair @10-15 yrs
↑↑ OR 1.7 ↑↑ OR 4.7
Youth health poor/fair @ 16-21 yrs
Chronic healthCondition
Youth ↑↑ OR 3.4
Asthma All girls↑↑ OR 2.2
Youth ↑↑ OR 6.1
New theories of biological sensitivity to context
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PLEASE NOTE:
Many of the slides are from unpublished studies and are subject to change and that the posting of
this presentation in no way constitutes prior publication.
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