bruce harrison culex coronator coming your way! 1-16-09 presentations/bruce...• the us species has...
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Culex coronator is coming your way!
Bruce A. Harrison
Public Health Pest Management
585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
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Acknowledgments
• Marcee Toliver, maps
• Jung Kim, photos
• Bobby Moulis, photos
• David Jenkins, records
• Rick Hickman, records
• A. J. MacKay, thesis info.
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Coronator Complex
Six species
�Culex camposi – Venezuela to Peru
�Culex coronator – USA to Argentina
�Culex covagarciai – Venezuela
�Culex ousqua – Mexico to Colombia
�Culex usquatissimus – Costa Rica to
Venezuela
� Culex usquatus – Mexico to Argentina
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Coronator Complex – Big
Identification Problems
• Cannot separate females
• Cannot separate larvae
• Cannot separate pupae
• Only separated on basis of male genitalia structures and distribution!
• The US species has been confirmed as Culex coronatorbased on male genitalia differences!
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Distinguishing Characteristics
�Head:
-proboscis with median patch
of white scales on venter (no band)**
�Thorax:
-scutum frequently with 2 white
spots like Cx. restuans
-postspiracular white scales often present**
�Abdomen:
-segments with broad white basal bands
�Legs:
-femur and tibia with small whitebands at the apex
-tarsi with narrow white bands
-hindtarsomeres with white bands
across the joints**
-hindtarsomere 5 with basal and apical white bands**
Distinguishing Characteristics
�Head:
-proboscis with median patch
of white scales on venter (no band)**
�Thorax:
-scutum frequently with 2 white
spots like Cx. restuans
-postspiracular white scales often present**
�Abdomen:
-segments with broad white basal bands
�Legs:
-femur and tibia with small whitebands at the apex
-tarsi with narrow white bands
-hindtarsomeres with white bands
across the joints**
-hindtarsomere 5 with basal and apical white bands**
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Pale patch underneath
the proboscis
(Not a band)
Jung Kim
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Pale spots on scutum
Jung Kim
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SpiraclePostspiracular pale scales
Jung Kim
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Jung Kim
Dark spots
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Bands across the
joints
Tip of HT5
Jung Kim
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Culex coronator Biology/Behavior
• Collected in traps with over 30 other species in USA
• Very hardy species, survives trips well, and can be reared easily in the laboratory
• Adults primarily active between dusk to dawn, with 60-80% of collections in the first half of night
• Twice as many adults collected in CDC traps set at 1 to 1.5 meters as in traps set at 3 meters height
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Successful Trapping/Collection
Methods for Cx. coronator
• Human landing (aspiration)
• Collections off equines (aspiration or vials)
• Larval Collections
• CDC L. T.
• ABC L. T.
• CDC miniature with ultraviolet light
• Hourly Rotator Trap
• EVA Trap
• Mosquito Magnet X Trap
• Malaise Trap
• Portable Bait Traps
• Fay-Prince Trap
• CDC Gravid Traps
• Ovitraps (1 gallon)
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Bloodmeal Hosts in USA
Birds - Carolina Chickadee
- Tufted Titmouse
Mammals - Humans
- White-tailed deer
- Horses
- Burros
- Raccoon
- River otter
- Virginia opossum
- Wild rabbits
- Ground squirrels
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Culex coronator Vector Capabilities
• Remember that in Central and South America the
females of the 6 species in the Coronator Complex cannot be separated. Thus, virus isolates from those
areas need confirmation that they are Cx. coronator.
• WNV – 2 positive pools – TX(1) and LA(1) (Confirmed)
• SLE – 2 positive pools in Trinidad
- 2 positive pools in Peru
• ILH – 1 positive pool in Peru
• VEE – positive pool in Mexico
NOTE: Cx. coronator is refractory (cannot transmit) subtype IIIC of VEE virus (Turell et al. 2005)
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Distinguishing Characteristics
�Head setae:
-seta 6-C with 3-4 branches
-seta 5-C with 4-5 branches
-antenna seta distal, not at middle
�Mesothorax:
-seta 1-M and 2-M short, equal length
�Siphon:
-length 7-9 times width at base
-widest at base and gradually tapering to tip
-usually with crown of spines just
before tip
-4 pairs of very short 2-branched siphon setae
�Saddle:
-saddle seta short, saddle with dense spicules
Distinguishing Characteristics
�Head setae:
-seta 6-C with 3-4 branches
-seta 5-C with 4-5 branches
-antenna seta distal, not at middle
�Mesothorax:
-seta 1-M and 2-M short, equal length
�Siphon:
-length 7-9 times width at base
-widest at base and gradually tapering to tip
-usually with crown of spines just
before tip
-4 pairs of very short 2-branched siphon setae
�Saddle:
-saddle seta short, saddle with dense spicules
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Bobby Moulis
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Bobby Moulis
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Notes on Larval Habitats
• Water can be clear, highly organic, stained, turbid,
and even slightly brackish
• Sites usually in open sunlight (61%), partially
shaded (36%), or fully shaded (3%)
• Examples of common habitats
- pits - wheel/tire ruts
- ground pools - ditches
- rock pools - concrete animal troughs
- flood pools - hole is log
- isolated stream pools - various containers
- seepage - quarry
- marshy depression
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Distribution of Distribution of Culex coronatorCulex coronator in NCin NC
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This looks very much like Cx.
coronator, but the hindtarsal pale
bands are wide and hindtarsomere 5
is entirely white
Ochlerotatus atropalpus
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Jason Williams
Culex tarsalis
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Quick ID for Culex coronator
Little brown mosquitowith blunt abdomen, palebands on top of abdomen,
dark spots on side of thorax, and pale bands
across joints on
the hindtarsi
Proboscis dark on top, paleunderneath
(no band)
Bobby Moulis