BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]

PROJECT 02 -INTEGRATION PROJECT

SENTUL COMMUNITY LIBRARY

REPORT & CALCULATION

PEH KER NENG 0314619

TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN

Table of Content

1.0 Lighting

1.1 Silent Study Area

1.2 Reading Space

1.1.1 Daylight

1.1.2 Artificial light

1.1.3 Psali

2.1.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL)

2.1.2 Reverberation Time (RT)

1.2.1 Daylight

1.2.2 Artificial light

1.2.3 Psali

2.0 Acoustic

2.1 Silent Study Area

2.2 Reading Space

2.2.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL)

2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index (SRI)

References

1.0 Lighting

1.1 Silent Study Area

Quiet Study Area

Second Floor Plan

The silent study area was located at second floor with one side facing the front road and another side facing the back alley. The space was separate from others activity to enhance the sound properties. The spaces was expose to sunlight to provide enough lighting for the function.Hence, minimal artificial lighting was needed in this area.

Daylight Factor, DF

Daylight

According to Ms 1525:

Daylight factor diagram

Floor Area (m2)

Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2)

Area of skylight

Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to �oor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF

Daylight Factor Calculation

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux

110,000 lux

20,000 lux

1000-2000 lux

<200 lux

400 lux

40 lux

<1 lux

Very Bright Sunlight

Bright Sunlight

Sunset, Storm cloud

Fully overcast

Sunrise/ sunset on clear day

midday

Overcast day

Clear sky

1.1.1 Daylight

7.6m x 6m = 45.6

28.6

0

(28.6+0)/45.6=0.63=0.63x100%=6.3%

E external = 20000 lux

DF= E internal / E external x 100

6.3 = E internal/20000x100

E internal=6.3 x 20000 / 100

=1260 lux

The selected silent study space has a daylight factor of 6.3% and natural illumination of2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is too bright as it exceeds the 6% factor. For the purpose of reducing the thermal and glare problem,A louvers facade system is proposed for the facade design of the library. The vertical louvers will provide a well shading and reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating into the space. Hence,this design should be augmented with internalshades for low perpendicular sun angles.The low-e laminated glass is using as the inner facade of the space to provide privacy and well sound properties for user.

1.1.2 Arti�cial light

Utilization Factor Table

According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for study space is 300-500 lux.

Model

Input

Lumen (lm)

Weight (kg)

DN570B (low height recessed version)

1350

230 or 240 v /50-60Hz

Power

2.2

36 w (3000k)

Dimension of room (L x W)

Total �oor Area (m2)

Room cavity height (m)

Re�ectance values

Room index,K

Utilization Factor,UF

Maintenance Factor, MF

Illunminance Requirement

Number of Luminaires

PHILIPS

7.6m x 6m

45.6

3.5

Ceiling=0.7Wall= 0.5Floor= 0.3

6 𝑥 .63.5(6 .6)

7

7K=

= 1

0.8

300-500

N=300 x 45.6

1350x (0.8x0.52)

0.52

= 24.36~25 bulbs

+

Spacing to height ration(SHR)

SHR=1

Hmx√ A

N

SHR=1

3.5x√ 45.6

25=0.38

SHR= S3.5

= 0.38

S= 1.33

Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.6m wall=7.6/1.33 = 5.71=6 rowsFitting required along 6m wall=6/1.33 = 4.51=5 rows

Lumen Method Calculation

Fitting Layout

Conclusion

1.1.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Arti�cial Lighting for Interior

30 downlights are used to illuminate study area to chieve minimum of 300 lux that stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, the users can read in the comfort space.

sw 1sw 2

There are 30 light fitting in the study room. Controlled by 2 switches which can choose toturn it off during day time according to the light needed. SW 1 can be choose to turn offif there are suffiencient daylighting in the space. However, to achieve a uniform lighting andfollow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 2 had to turn on during the day.

Reading Area

1.2 Reading space

The reading space was located at first floor facing the back alley. The function of reading space was provide a cozy reading area for the user. The facade for the space was a 7 meter curtain wall which maximise the sunlight penetration. The open design allows view out and daylight penetration.This design augmented with internal shades for low perpendicular sun angles. Therefore, less artificial light is needed.

Daylight Factor, DF

According to Ms 1525:

Daylight

First Floor Plan

Daylight factor diagram

Floor Area (m2)

Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2)

Area of skylight

Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to �oor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF

Daylight Factor Calculation

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux

110,000 lux

20,000 lux

1000-2000 lux

<200 lux

400 lux

40 lux

<1 lux

Very Bright Sunlight

Bright Sunlight

Sunset, Storm cloud

Fully overcast

Sunrise/ sunset on clear day

midday

Overcast day

Clear sky

1.2.1 Daylight

6m x 9m = 54

21

0

(21+0)/54=0.38=3.8%

E external = 20000 lux

DF= E internal / E external x 100

3.8 = E internal/20000x100

E internal=3.8 x 20000 / 100

=760 lux

The selected reading space has a daylight factor of 3.8% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is a good distribution for daylight as the value is within 3-6 %.Curtain may used to reduce the thermal problemand achieve a better value of daylight factor.

1.2.2 Arti�cial light

Utilization Factor TableAccording to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for reading space is 300-500 lux.

Model

Input

Lumen (lm)

Weight (kg)

LP710P

14000

220-240 V / 50-60 Hz

Power

5 190 W

Dimension of room (L x W)

Total �oor Area (m2)

Room cavity height (m)

Re�ectance values

Room index,K

Utilization Factor,UF

Maintenance Factor, MF

Illunminance Requirement

Number of Luminaires

9m x 6m

54

3.5

Ceiling=0.7Wall= 0.5Floor= 0.3

9 𝑥 .3.5(9 6)

K=

= 1.03 =1

0.8

300-500

N=300 x 54

14000x (0.8x0.52)

0.52

= 2.78~3 bulbs

+

Spacing to height ration(SHR)

SHR=1

Hmx√ A

N

SHR=1

3.5x√ 54

3=1.21

SHR= S3.5

= 1.21

S= 4.24

Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9m wall=9/4.24 = 2.12=3 rowsFitting required along 6m wall=6/4.24 = 1.42=2 rows

6

Lumen Method Calculation

Fitting Layout

Conclusion

There are 6 light �tting in reading room to achieve uniform lighting and achieve the minimum 300lux that stated in MS1525. With su�cient light illumination, user can read inside the space comfortably.

There are 6 light fitting in the study room. To achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 1 had to turn on during the day. However, for energy saving,switch 2 can choose to turn off due to the sufficient daylighting.

SW 1SW 2

1.2.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Arti�cial Lighting for Interior

2.0 Acoustic2.1Silent Study Room2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level

Sound Pressure Level formula:

Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power.I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts.

Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)

Highest Reading: 75 dB ( moderate noise)Lowest Reading: 60 dB ( quite sound)

Highest Reading

Lowest Reading

75 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 7.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 107.5=I

1x10 -12

60 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 6.0=I

1x10 -12

1 x 106.0=I

1x10 -12

I= 106.0 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 6.0+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -6

I= 107.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 7.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -4.5

Total Intensities:

Total intensities, I

= (1 x 10 -4.5)+(1 x 10 -6)

=3.26x10 -5

Combined SPL:

=10 log10 1x10 -12 3.26x10 -5

( )

=75 dB

Highest Reading: 65 dB ( Loud noise)Lowest Reading: 55 dB ( moderate sound)

Highest Reading

Lowest Reading

65 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 6.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 106.5=I

1x10 -12

55 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 5.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 105.5=I

1x10 -12

I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -6.5

I= 106.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 6.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -5.5

Total Intensities:

Total intensities, I

= (1 x 10 -5.5)+(1 x 10 -6.5)

=3.48x10 -6

Combined SPL:

=10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -6

( )

=65 dB

Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)

From the result, the average sound pressure level for the quiet study room is 75dB for peak hour and 65 dB for non-peak hour. 75 dB is quite high for a study room.

The design solution to resolve the issue is to create a facade that can block the noise from entering the study room and enhance the sound propertise inside the space.

2.2.2 Reverberation Time , RT

Total Floor Area (m2)

Volume (m3)

Occupancy (pax)

Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with 22 people in the space.

BuildingElements

Wall

Floor

Ceiling

Occupants

Furniture(unit)

Total Absorption,A =

Materials Area (m2 ) AbsorptionCoefficient(500Hz)

Sound Absorption ,Sa

Study Area

45.6

45.6x3.5= 159.6

22

4mm glass

Door

Concrete wall,Plastered

Concrete Slab

solid timber

Plaster finish

Timber table

61.5

45.6

45.6

29

5.3

22-

14

0.1

0.02

0.01

0.06

0.04

0.51

0.06

2.9

1.23

0.46

0.32

1.82

11.22

0.84

18.79

Reverberation Time,RT

= (0.16x V)/A

= (0.16x 159.6)/18.79

=1.36 s

Reverberation time chart

The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.36s. Accordingto the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort of study room is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0s.Hence, the reverberation time of study room is not within the standard range of comfort reverberation time currently.

Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with carpet

BuildingElements

Wall

Floor

Ceiling

Occupants

Furniture(unit)

Total Absorption,A =

Materials Area (m2 ) AbsorptionCoefficient(500Hz)

Sound Absorption ,Sa

Door

Concrete wall,Plastered

Concrete Slab

solid timber

Plaster finish

Timber table

61.5

45.6

45.6

29

5.3

22-

14

0.1

0.02

0.01

0.06

0.04

0.51

0.06

2.9

1.23

0.46

0.32

1.82

11.22

0.84

30.19

4mm glass

Carpet, thin, over thin felt on concrete

45.6 0.25 11.4

Reverberation Time,RT

= (0.16x V)/A

= (0.16x 159.6)/30.19

=0.85 s

The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient had reduced from 1.36 s to 0.85 s. which is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 . Hence, the reverberation time for study room is now within the standard comfort reverberation time.

2.2 Reading Room

2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level

Sound Pressure Level formula:

Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power.I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts.

Peak Hour (Back Alley)

Highest Reading: 70 dB ( moderate sound)Lowest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound)

Highest Reading

Lowest Reading

70 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 7=I

1x10 -12

1 x 107=I

1x10 -12

55 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 5.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 105.5=I

1x10 -12

I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -6.5

I= 107 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 7+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -5

Total Intensities:

Total intensities, I

= (1 x 10 -5)+(1 x 10 -6.5)

Combined SPL:

=10 log10 1x10 -12 1.03x10 -5

( )

=70 dB

=1.03x10 -5

Highest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound) Lowest Reading: 45 dB (very quiet)

Highest Reading

Lowest Reading

55 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 5.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 105.5=I

1x10 -12

45 = 10 log10 II0

Antilog 4.5=I

1x10 -12

1 x 104.5=I

1x10 -12

I= 104.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 4.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -7.5

I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12)

I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12))I= 1 x 10 -6.5

Total Intensities:

Total intensities, I

= (1 x 10 -6.5)+(1 x 10 -7.5)

=3.48x10 -7

Combined SPL:

=10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -7

( )

=55 dB

Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)

From the result, the average sound pressure level for the reading room is 70dB for peak hour and 55 dB for non-peak hour. 70 dB is moderate for a reading room.

To enhance the sound properties, a curtain or other mmaterial with soft surface can effectively decrease the noise in the space due to the will be absorb by materials.t

2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index

Building Element

Material Surface Area(m2 )

SRI (dB) Transmission Coefficient,T

Wall 1

Wall 2

Door

Glass Panel

Concrete

Plywood

Tansmission Coefficient of Materials

a) Wall-glass

21

84

3.8

46 dB

26 dB

31 dB

SRI glass= 10 log101

T glass

26= 10 log101

T glass

102.6= 10 log101

T glass

T glass = 2.51x10-3

2.51x10-3

2.51x10-5

7.94x10-4

b) Wall-concrete

c) door- Plywood

SRI concrete= 10 log101

T concrete

46= 10 log101

T concrete

104.6= 10 log101

T concrete

T concrete = 2.51x10-5

SRI plywood= 10 log101

T plywood

31= 10 log101

T plywood

103.1= 10 log101

T plywood

T plywood = 7.94x10-4

Tav = (21x2.51x10-3)+ (84x2.51x10-5)+ (3.8x7.94x10-4)

(21+84+3.8)

=5.32x10-4

Overall SRI=10log101T

=10log101

5.32x10-4

=32 dB

70 dB-32 dB=38 dB

The overall transmission loss from reading room to reading area is at 32 db.Assume that the sound pressure level in the reading roomis approximately 70dB, the sound that is transmitted through partitions into the reading room is approximately 38dB. Acording to the noise criteria environment perception ,38dB is in the category of whisper sound. It is an ideal value for a reading area where people are focusing on reading and studying.

References

Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants Guideline for Educational Facilities Acoustics. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/AAAC-Guideline-for-Educational-Facilities-Acoustics-2010%20(1).pdf

web_absorption_data_eng.pdf. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/web_absorption_data_eng.pdf

Product catalog - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof

1.

2.

3.

(2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/files/2014/07/MS-1525-2007.pdf

4.