buddhist dictionary anh-viet

8/3/2019 Buddhist Dictionary Anh-Viet

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THIEN PHUC

BUDDHIST

DICTIONARYENGLISH-VIETNAMESE

ANH-VIET

VOLUME VI (O-R)

TO NH MINH ANG QUANG3010 W. HARVARD STREETSANTA ANA, CA 92704 USA

TEL & FAX: (714) 437-9511


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Copyright 2007 by Ngoc Tran. All rights reserved.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the

author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations. However, staff members ofVietnamese temples who want to reprint this work for the benefit of teaching of theBuddhadharma, please contact Minh Dang Quang Patriarchal Temple at (714) 895-1218.


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INTRODUCTION

Mr. Ngoc Tran has assembled and defined in this dictionary words and terms which areauthentic and traceable to the original canonical sources. He has spent almost two decadesreading and studying voluminous Buddhist material and in writing this book. He hasarranged this text of over 5,000 pages, in Vietnamese and English, in a mannerunderstandable to the average reader and student of Buddhism.

In the myriad of documents, books and records of the Buddhas talks, there are nowords written by the enlightened one called Sakyamuni Buddha during his forty-five yearsof walking and teaching in northeast India. He spoke his messages of living a life of loving-kindness and compassion to kings, high intellectuals and the poor and ignorant, and theirgaining the wisdom to achieve salvation from the rounds of birth and death, and for each

person to lead others to achieve that wisdom. Texts written in the Pali and Sanskritlanguages purport to contain the teachings of this Sixth Century, Before Common Era(B.C.) Indian enlightened one.

The author, Ngoc Tran, is a meticulous researcher in the literary sense. His explorationinto ancient Sanskrit and Chinese references was demanded of him in compiling thisdictionary. Tran has reached back into reliable texts translated from the Agamas in Sanskritand the Nikaya in Pali. He is a serious Buddhist devotee, householder and one whopractices his religion to the extent which he lives it with happiness and serious simplicity.

The reader who already has some knowledge of the Buddhist doctrine will find hereindefinitions which can further improve her/his understanding. As with any literary work of

this nature, the primary objective of the author is to be concise, yet thorough and steeraway from the pedantic. The middle path is, of course, to define a complex system such asBuddhism in terms appealing and understandable to the novice as well as those highlyinformed. Trans technique of both style and content accomplish this, I believe, in allrespects.

The style of this authors descriptions temper the material content in such a balancedfashion to remove any questionable conflicts which are known to the Enlightened Onesteaching. This authors definitions are factual and need no further details to exemplify orextend meanings to be understood. The descriptions are arranged in a well-orderedfashion, linking the factual, down-to-earth meanings common-place in Buddhist doctrine.

The author explains those collected beliefs of the Buddha as found in the Sutras(Canonic body) and the liturgically accepted comments (the Sastras), covering firstly theprofound points of view of human life. Mr. Tran describes the Buddhas training as a yogiwith his teachers, his marvelous transition to enlightenment and the lessons on The


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Middle Way to his firsts five disciples(Turning the Dharma Wheel in Deer Park, directlyafter his enlightenment.)

The doctrines to be understood by every seeker of this great religion are describedclearly, with documentation referring to original Pali and Sanskrit written records. Thereader finds herself/himself immersed in the profound descriptions of the Buddhas

fundamental teachings, e.g. The Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, Prajna Paramita (SixWays to Wisdom), Karma, re-birth, Nirvana, Conditioned Beginnings, the Doctrine of No-Soul and the Settingup of Mindfulness.

The factors of style and content which set this work above other like texts, are termsfirst defined in Vietnamese with English immediately following. I personally find thishelpful in describing the phrases I use in my Dharma talks I give at my pagoda. Thispublication will be a great help to those many Vietnamese in temples in the United Statesat lectures and study groups in order to have a better understanding of the Dharma.

My personal congratulations go to Ngoc Tran for this product of his laborious, detailedand extensive work in giving us critical descriptions and highlighting details of the beliefs,

teachings and practices of Sakyamuni Buddha.

Most Venerable Thich An-HueDr. Claude Ware, Ph.D.

25 June 2007


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LI GII THIEU

Ong Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc a thu thap va nh ngha trong bo t ien nay nhng t ng

Phat Giao chnh thong co the c tm thay trong cac nguon kinh ien nguyen thuy. Tronggan hai thap nien ong a day cong hoc hoi va nghien cu hau het kinh ien Phat giao e vietnen bo sach nay. Ong a sap xep trong bo sach day tren 5.000 trang vi hai ngon ng Anh vaViet bang mot phng cach that de hieu vi oc gia va sinh vien Phat giao trung bnh.

Trong vo so tai lieu, sach v va nhng ghi chep ve nhng bai thuyet giang cua c Phat,khong co mot ch nao c chnh ang Giac Ngo Thch Ca Mau Ni viet lai trong suot 45nam chu du hoang hoa cua Ngai tren khap mien ong Bac An o. Ngai ch n thuan thuyetgiang va gi nhng thong iep ve cuoc song t bi en cac v quoc vng, cac thc gia, vaen ca nhng ngi cung inh ngu muoi e ho co c cai tr tue giai thoat khoi vong luanhoi sanh t, cung nh cho tng ngi mot co c kha nang dan dat ngi khac at c trtue. Nhng sach v Phat giao c viet bang tieng Nam Phan va Bac Phan eu c viet vinoi dung cha ng nhng li day cua ang Giac Ngo vao the ky th 6 trc Tay Lch.

Noi theo ngha van hoc, tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc la mot nha nghien cu that t m.S nghien cu ve nhng co ng Nam Phan, Bac Phan va Han ng la mot oi hoi phai co khiviet bo T ien Phat Hoc Anh-Anh-Viet nay. Tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc a tm ennhng van ban rat ang tin cay c dch ra t nhng bo kinh A Ham t tieng Bac Phan vanhng bo kinh khac c viet bang tieng Nam Phan. Tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc la motPhat t thuan thanh va nghiem tuc, ngi a tu tap va song vi nhng giao thuyet cua cPhat vi s bnh d ma hanh phuc va nghiem tuc.

Vi oc gia a co mot t kien thc ve Phat giao se tm thay trong bo t ien nay nhngnh ngha co the lam tang them kien thc cho chnh mnh. Cung nh vi bat c tac pham

van hoc nao, muc tieu chnh cua tac gia la viet lai nhng giao thuyet cua c Phat that chnhxac, that ay u, va tranh xa loi viet mo pham mot cach kho khan. D nhien con ng Trungao phai c dung e dien ta mot he thong phc tap ve Phat giao e lam de hieu cho canhng ngi s c lan nhng ngi a hieu biet nhieu ve Phat giao. Toi tin ve moi khacanh, ve ca the cach lan noi dung, tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc a at c ky thuat dienat nay.

Phng cach dien ta cua tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc ve noi dung cua tai lieu that quanbnh en noi khong con van e g na e thac mac ve nhng giao thuyet cua ang GiacNgo. Nhng nh ngha cua tac gia thng da tren s kien that va khong can them that chitiet hay th du, hay giang bay them ve ngha ly e c de hieu. Sach c sap xep co tht, lien ket s kien en tan goc re, hay nhng cham ngon bnh thng ve giao ly.

Tac gia giai thch ve nhng tn ieu su tap c t nhng li day cua c Phat c tmthay trong cac kinh ien va nhng luan ien a c chap nhan, bao trum nhng quan iemtham sau cua Phat giao ve nhan sinh quan. T nhng giang giai o tac gia Thien Phuc TranNgoc a viet ve s tu tap cua c Phat vi cac bac thay, s chuyen tiep ky tnh en giac ngo


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va nhng bai hoc ve Trung ao cho nam v e t au tien cua Ngai (Chuyen Phap Luantrong Vn Loc Uyen ngay khi Ngai va giac ngo).

Nhng giao ly can c hieu bi moi ngi ang tren ng tam ao cua ton giao v ainay a c tac gia trnh bay ro ret vi tai lieu tham khao t kinh ien c viet bang cacth tieng Nam va Bac Phan. Ngi oc thay mnh c tram mnh trong s trnh bay thamsau ve giao ly nha Phat, ty du nh ve Bat Thanh ao, T Dieu e, Bat Nha Ba La Mat a(Luc o), Nghiep, Tai sanh, Niet Ban, duyen khi, giao thuyet ve Vo Nga va Tnh Thc.

Nhng s kien ve phng cach va noi dung a lam cho bo sach nay vt len cac sachgiao khoa khac bang mot phong thai tuyet hao, v no c viet bang hai ngon ng Anh vaViet. Ca nhan toi thay bo sach that hu dung khi dien ta nhng t ma toi dung trong cac cuocphap thoai tai chua cung nh khi giang day tai cac trng ai hoc. Bo T ien Phat HocAnh-Anh-Viet se la s tr giup ln lao cho nhieu ngi Viet tai Hoa Ky. No giup cho ngita co c s am hieu sau rong hn trong cac buoi thuyet giang hay trong cac nhom nghiencu Phat Phap.

Toi xin chuc mng tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc ve bo sach ton nhieu cong sc, that chitiet ma cung that bao quat, nhan manh en nhng chi tiet va tom lc nhng tn ieu, giao

thuyet va thc hanh cua c Thch Ca Mau Ni Phat. Toi rat han hoan tan dng cong ccua tac gia Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc, ngi a hoan thanh cong trnh Van hoa hiem co va xintran trong gii thieu en ch Tang Ni Phat t tr thc, hy vong moi v co mot bo T ienPhat Hoc Anh-Anh-Viet nay e tham khao rong sau hn.

Hoa Thng Thch An HueTien S Claude Ware, Ph. D.

25 thang 6 nam 2007


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COMMENDATION OFTHE AUTHORS MERIT

This is my first return to visit the United States of America since the time Igraduated from Yale University, Connecticut forty years ago. I am deeply amazedwith such change and progress from Science, Technology, the Economy, and SocialSciences, and so on.

It also amazes me that in the 1950s, the Vietnamese population in the UnitedStates was only 202, including the Republic of Vietnam Embassy officials. I wascounted as number 202 when I arrived in late 1950. Now the Vietnamese populationin the USA is more than a million.

Among Vietnamese Americans in the United States, the highly educated andintelligent are considered as the basic social class with adequate knowledge, talentsand experience, who have become both an important intrical part of American societyand also wonderful role models to help improve Vietnam now and in the future.

This visitation to the USA in 2000, the beginning of the 21st century, I myself seewith my own eyes so many wonderful things in the Vietnamese community, both inthe monasteries and outside life.

I was filled with deep admiration when I had a chance to read over the draft ofthe Vietnamese-EnglishEnglish-Vietnamese Dictionary from the author ThienPhuc.----Admiration for before 1975, the author knew very little about Buddhism when he

was in Vietnam.----Admiration for the fact that the author must work to support his family in this busysociety, but he has not been affected by vanity or materialism. On the contrary,despite his tight work schedule and despite his continued commitment to communityactivities, he has been spending most of his precious spare time to research and studythe Buddhist Tripitaka in Chinese and English to compose and accomplish thisDictionary in a scientific method.----Admiration for such Vietnamese-EnglishEnglish-Vienamese BuddhistDictionary would normally need a committee of several Buddhist intellects and a longperiod of time to accomplish. Thien Phuc himself with tireless effort, has spent more

than 15 years to devote himself in research, study and overcoming a lot of difficultiesto perfectly accomplish this difficult work.This merit shows us a positive spirit of egolessness and altruism for the sake of

Buddhism and for the benefit of Monks, Nuns and all Buddhist followers.


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I am very pleased to praise the authors merits for his accomplishment of thisrare religious and cultural work. This is a genuine contribution of his share to thepropagation of the Dharma. I would like to take this opportunity to highlyrecommend to all Monks, Nuns, Buddhist practitioners, as well as to any readers ofBuddhist texts. With the hope that each and everyone of you will possess this

Vietnamese-EnglishEnglish-Vietnamese Dictionary to aid in your deeper study ofBuddha-Dharma.

California, November 7th, 2000Most Venerable Thch Quang LienChief of Quang c MonasteryThu cViet Nam


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TAN DNG CONG C

T ngay tot nghiep ai Hoc Yale, Connecticutt tai Hoa Ky, tr ve Viet Namen nay la 40 nam, lan au tien toi co c hoi vieng tham lai Hoa Ky, nhan thay atnc Hoa Ky thay oi tang tien tren nhieu lanh vc Khoa hoc, Ky thuat, Kinh te vaXa hoi, van van.

ieu ma toi khong the tng tng c la trong thap nien 50 (1950-1960), trentoan lanh tho Hoa Ky ch co 202 ngi Viet, ke ca nhan vien Toa ai S Viet NamCong Hoa, ma toi la ngi th 202, theo bang thong ke ngoai kieu cua Chanh PhuHoa Ky thi bay gi. Ngay nay Viet kieu a len en so trieu, u thanh phan cac gii.

Trong thanh phan Viet kieu tai Hoa ky, gii tr thc c xem la thanh phan nongcot, khong nhng tang cng them sc manh ong gop at nc Hoa Ky tren nhieulanh vc, ma cung la thanh phan u nhan to kinh nghiem kha nang kien thc xay

dng i song mi tot ep cho dan toc Viet Nam ngay nay va tng lai.Cuoc tham vieng hoa Ky nam 2000, au thien nien ky cua the ky XXI, toi c

trc tiep muc kch tiep thu nhieu cai hay cai ep ao cung nh i, trong i songcong ong cua ngi Viet.

ieu rat ngac nhien ma cung rat ang kham phuc, khi c xem qua cuon ai Tien Phat Hoc Anh-Viet cua tac gia Thien Phuc.----Kham phuc v trc nam 1975, tac gia cha hoc g nhieu ve Phat Hoc khi con Viet Nam.----Kham phuc v tac gia va i lam e nuoi song gia nh ni at nc que ngi makhong am me vat chat ni chon phu hoa tien canh, ngc lai dung nhng th ginhan roi vang ngoc, tap trung t tng, ai s nhan duyen, v tng lai Phat Giao, sutam, nghien cu Kinh ien bang nhieu th tieng, va bien soan co khoa hoc hoanthanh cuon ai T ien Phat Hoc Anh-Viet.----Kham phuc v Bo ai T ien Viet-AnhAnh-Viet phai can en nhieu nha trthc hoc gia tham hieu van e Phat Giao va phai mat rat nhieu thi gian mi thchien c, song ay ch la mot ngi nh tac gia Thien Phuc, nhiet tam co gangkhong ngng, trong thi gian khong lau ma hoan thanh my man.

ay la tinh than tch cc, vo nga, v tha, v ao va i, vi muc ch giup cho chTang Ni Phat t va nhng nha nghien cu Phat Giao co tai lieu va d kien thamkhao.


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Toi rat han hoan tan dng cong c cua tac gia Thien Phuc, ngi a hoanthanh cong trnh Van hoa hiem co va xin tran trong gii thieu en ch Tang Ni Phatt tr thc, hy vong moi v co mot cuon ai T ien nay e tham khao rong sau hn.

California, November 7th , 2000

Hoa Thng Thch Quang LienVien Chu Tu Vien Quang cThu cViet Nam


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INTRODUCTION

We all know that life in the United States is so busy and under so much pressure sopeople have very little time to practice and study Sacred Text Books. During the period ofmore than twenty-five years of preaching the Buddhas Teachings in the USA, I myself seewith my own eyes so many wonderful things in the Vietnamese community, both in themonasteries and outside life. However, after reading the draft of the Vietnamese-EnglishEnglish-Vietnamese Buddhist Dictionary from the author Thien Phuc, I was filled withsurprise and deep admiration. Thien Phuc came to the United States in 1985 and became oneof my best disciple in the same year. He is commendable because before that time he knewvery little about Buddhism. While working as a volunteer teacher of Vietnamese languageprograms in Southern California, around 1985 and 1986, a lot of young Vietnamese studentscame to him to ask for the meanings of some Buddhist terms. Some terms he was able toprovide the meaning, but a lot of them he could not. He talked to me and I encouraged him tostart his work on The Basic Buddhist Terms. He is admirable because he must work tosupport his family in this busy society, but he has not been affected by vanity or materialism.On the contrary, despite his tight work schedule and despite his continued commitment tocommunity and temple activities, he has been spending most of his precious spare time toresearch and study the Buddhist Tripitaka in Vietnamese, Chinese and English to composeand accomplish this Dictionary in a scientific method. He is admirable for his firm effortbecause such Buddhist Literary Work would normally need a committee of several Buddhistintellects and a long period of time to accomplish. Thien Phuc himself with tireless effort, hasspent more than 15 years to devote himself in research, study and overcoming a lot ofdifficulties to perfectly accomplish this difficult work.

He is also the author of a series of books written in Vietnamese, titled Buddhism in

Life, ten volumes, Buddhism, a religion of Peace, Joy, and Mindfulness, and IntimateSharings with Parents and Children, Fundamentals of Buddhism in Vietnamese andEnglish, and Famous Zen Masters in Vietnamese and English.

This merit shows us a positive spirit of egolessness and altruism for the sake of Buddhismand for the benefit of Monks, Nuns and all Buddhist followers.

I am very please to commend and praise the authors merits for his accomplishment ofthis rare religious and cultural work. This is a genuine contribution of his share to thepropagation of the Dharma. I would like to take this opportunity to highly recommend to allMonks, Nuns, Buddhist practitioners, as well as to any readers of Buddhist texts. With thehope that each and everyone of you will possess this Vietnamese-EnglishEnglish-Vietnamese Dictionary to aid in your deeper study of Buddha-Dharma.

California, November 7th, 2003Most Venerable Thch Giac NhienPresident of The International BhiksuSangha Buddhist Association


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LI GII THIEUAi trong chung ta cung eu biet rang i song tai tren at nc nay rat la ban ron va

con ngi trong xa hoi nay phai chu nhieu ap lc ve ca vat chat lan tinh than nen t ai coc th gi e tu tap hay nghien cu Kinh ien. Trong suot thi gian hn 25 nam hoangphap tai Hoa Ky, toi c trc tiep muc kch tiep thu nhieu cai hay cai ep trong ao cungnh ngoai i trong i song cong ong cua ngi Viet. Tuy nhien, toi rat ngac nhien vakham phuc, khi c xem qua bo T ien Phat Hoc Viet-Anh Anh-Viet cua tac gia ThienPhuc. That la ang khen ngi v tac gia Thien Phuc en Hoa Ky nam 1985, quy-y Tam Baovi toi cung nam, nhng trc o tac gia biet rat t ve Phat phap. Trong khoang nhng nam1985 hay 1986, trong khi Thien Phuc ang day hoc thien nguyen chng trnh Viet ng mien Nam California, co rat nhieu hoc sinh Phat t en hoi ngha cua cac t ng Phat hoc.Mot so t Thien Phuc biet, nhng rat nhieu t khong biet. V the tac gia co noi chuyen vitoi ve noi ban khoan cua mnh va toi a khuyen khch Thien Phuc tien hanh viec tam caunghien cu nay. That ang kham phuc v tac gia va i lam e nuoi song gia nh ni at

nc que ngi ma khong am me vat chat ni chon phu hoa, ngc lai va phai i lam, lamviec xa hoi thien nguyen va Phat s, ma Thien Phuc van co gang dung nhng th gi nhanroi vang ngoc, tap trung t tng, v tng lai Phat Giao, su tam, nghien cu Kinh ien bangtieng Viet, tieng Hoa va tieng Anh, e bien soan mot cach khoa hoc va hoan thanh Bo Tien Phat Hoc Viet-Anh Anh-Viet nay. ang kham phuc v Bo T ien nay phai can ennhieu nha tr thc hoc gia tham hieu van e Phat Giao va phai mat rat nhieu thi gian mithc hien c, song ay ch la mot ngi nh tac gia Thien Phuc, nhiet tam co gang khongngng, trong thi gian khong lau ma hoan thanh my man. Thien Phuc cung la tac gia cua boao Phat Trong i Song (10 tap), ao Phat An Lac va Tnh Thc, Tam S Vi Cha Me vaTuoi Tre, Phat Phap Can Ban (8 tap sap phat hanh) va Nhng Thien S Noi Tieng (sap phathanh).

ay la tinh than tch cc, vo nga, v tha, v ao va i, vi muc ch giup cho ch TangNi Phat t va nhng nha nghien cu Phat Giao co tai lieu va d kien tham khao.Toi rat han hoan khen ngi va tan dng cong c cua tac gia Thien Phuc, ngi a hoan

thanh cong trnh Van hoa hiem co va xin tran trong gii thieu en ch Tang Ni Phat t trthc, hy vong moi v co mot cuon ai T ien nay e tham khao rong sau hn.

Westminster, November 17th , 2003Hoa Thng Thch Giac NhienPhap Chu Giao Hoi Phat GiaoTang Gia Khat S The Gii

CaliforniaUSA


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INTRODUCTIONIn 1961, I was assigned as a teacher of biology at Tong Phuoc Hiep High School in Vinh

Long Province. Then, in 1964, I was promoted to the Principal of the same school and stayedin this position until 1972. During more than a decade there, I had an opportunity to teach andknow a lot of outstanding students in town, Mr. Tran Ngoc, AKA Ngoc-Em Tran, was one ofthe best students of mine. During his seven years in High School, Mr. Ngoc-Em showed to beeminent with his academic achievement. He always received monthly recognitions from thePrincipal and yearly awards at the end of each school year.

After more than 30 years living oversea, in April 2003, when I had a chance to formOversea Tong Phuoc Hiep Alumni Association, I reunited with a lot of my students. I was soglad that a lot of my students were so successful from all over the world. What surpirsed methe most was the achievement of a student named Tran Ngoc-Em with the Buddhist nameThien Phuc, an excellent student in Math in High School 40 years ago, but he is sosuccessful in publishing books in Buddhism. I was so glad and so proud to participate in the

Proofreading Committee for his Vietnamese-English Buddhist Dictionary. I personallybelieve that this is one of the most helpful Vietnamese-English Buddhist Dictionary forBuddhists abroad.

Once again, in mid 2007, Thien Phuc asked me to help with proofreading for his will-bepublished English-English-Vietnamese Buddhist Dictionary. I am so proud to participate inproofreading for this very helpful work. The dictionary has more than 5,200 pages with somany Buddhist terms and phrases that are extremely helpful for Buddhist readers to deepentheir knowledge in Buddhism.

My personal congratulation to Thien Phuc and I am not only very proud to see theexcellent achievement of one of my former students, but I am also very please to praise himfor his accomplishment of this rare religious and cultural work. This is an exceptional

contribution of his share to the propagation of the Buddha-dharma. I would like to take thisopportunity to sincerely recommend this work to all Buddhists, especially lay Buddhists withthe hope that this work can help aid your knowledge in Buddhism and make it easier for yourway of cultivation.

California, September 10, 2007Dao Khanh ThoFormer Principal of Tong Phuoc Hiep HSVinhlong Province-South Vietnam


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LI GII THIEUVao nam 1961 toi c bo nhiem ve lam Giao s Van Vat tai trng Trung Hoc Tong

Phc Hiep, tnh Vnh Long. Sau o, vao nam 1964, toi c bo nhiem vao chc vu HieuTrng trng Trung Hoc Tong Phc Hiep cho en nam 1972. Trong gan hn mot thap nienphuc vu tai ay, toi co c hoi day va c biet rat nhieu hoc sinh xuat sac trong th xa, maanh Tran Ngoc-Em la mot trong nhng hoc tro xuat sac nay. Trong suot bay nam trung hoc,anh Ngoc-Em a to ra rat xuat sac va luon nhan giay khen hang thang cua Hieu Trng,cung nh lanh thng moi cuoi nam.

Sau hn 30 nam song ni hai ngoai, vao nam 2003, do duyen lanh tai California, toi athanh lap Hoi Ai Hu Cu Hoc Sinh Tong phc Hiep, nh o ma toi a gap lai rat nhieuhoc sinh cu cua toi. Toi rat hanh dien khi thay rat nhieu hoc sinh cu cua toi nay a thanhcong khap ni tren the gii. Nhng ieu ang ngac nhien nhat cua toi la co mot em hoc sinhxuat sac trc kia rat gioi ve mon Toan, ma bay gi lai rat thanh cong trong viec viet va xuatban nhieu bo sach ve ao Phat vi Phap danh la Thien Phuc. Cung nam 2003, toi vo cung

sung sng va hanh dien c tham d vao Tieu Ban Duyet oc bo T ien Phat Hoc Viet-Anh cua anh Thien Phuc. Rieng toi th toi tin rang ay la mot trong nhng bo T ien PhatHoc co rat nhieu li ch cho Phat t ni hai ngoai.

Lan na, vao gia nam 2007, anh Thien Phuc lai mi toi tham d vao Tieu Ban Duyetoc cho bo T ien Phat Hoc Anh-Anh-Viet se c xuat ban trong mot ngay gan ay. Toivo cung sung sng c gop phan vao tac pham that hu ch nay.

Rieng ca nhan toi, toi xin chuc mng anh Thien Phuc. Toi rat hanh dien nhn thay cthanh qua xuat sac cua mot anh cu hoc sinh cua mnh, ma Toi het sc han hoan tan dngs thanh tu cua tac gia Thien Phuc ve s hoan thanh cong trnh ton giao va van hoa hiemco nay. ay la s cong hien het sc ac biet cua anh Thien Phuc trong cong cuoc truyen baPhat Phap. Toi xin tran trong gii thieu en ch Phat t tr thc, nhat la cac Phat t tai gia,

hy vong moi v co c mot bo ai T ien nay e tham khao rong sau hn, hanh thong hntrong viec tu hanh.

California, ngay 10 thang 9, 2007ao Khanh ThoCu Hieu TrngTrng TH Tong Phc Hiep-Vnh Long


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PREFACEThis book is not an ordinary English-Vietnamese or Vietnamese-English Dictionary, nor

is this a book of Total Buddhist Terminology. This is only a booklet that compiles of somebasic Buddhist terms, Buddhist related terms, or terms that are often seen in Buddhist textswith the hope to help Vietnamese Buddhists understand more Buddhist essays written inEnglish or Buddhist Three Baskets translated into English from either Pali or Sanscrit.Buddha teachings taught by the Buddha 26 centuries ago were so deep and so broad that itsdifficult for any one to understand thoroughly, even in their own languages. Beside, there areno absolute English or Vietnamese equivalents for numerous Pali and Sanskrit words. Itseven more difficult for Vietnamese people who have tried to read Vietnamese texts partlytranslated from the Chinese Mahayana without making a fallacious interpretation. As youknow, Buddhist teaching and tradition have deeply rooted in Vietnamese society for at least20 centuries, and the majority of Vietnamese, in the country or abroad, directly or indirectlypractice Buddha teachings. Truly speaking, nowadays Buddhist or Non-Buddhist are

searching for Buddhist text books with the hope of expanding their knowledge and improvingtheir life. For these reasons, until an adequate and complete Buddhist Dictionary is inexistence, I have temerariously tried to compile some of most useful Buddhist terms andBuddhist related terms which I have collected from reading Buddhist English texts during thelast fifteen years. I agree that there are surely a lot of deficiencies and errors in this bookletand I am far from considering this attempt as final and perfect; however, with a wish ofsharing the gift of truth, I am not reluctant to publish and spread this booklet to everyone.Besides, the Buddha taught: Among Dana, the Dharma Dana or the gift of truth of Buddhasteachings is the highest of all donations on earth.

Once again, I hope that this booklet is helpful for those who want to know more about thetruth of all nature and universe. As I mentioned above, this is not a completely perfect work,

so I would very much appreciate and open for any comments and suggestions from thelearned as well as from our elderly.Last but not least, the author would like first to respectfully offer this work to the Triratna,

and secondly to demit the good produced by composing this book to all other sentient beings,universally, past, present and future. Hoping everyone can see the real benefit of theBuddhas teachings, and hoping that some day every sentient being will be able to enter thePure Land of Amitabha.

Thien Phuc


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LI TA

ay khong phai la mot quyen T ien Anh-Viet Viet-Anh bnh thng, ay cung khong

phai la Toan Tap Danh T Phat Giao. ay ch la mot quyen sach nho gom nhng t ngPhat giao can ban, nhng t co lien he en Phat giao, hay nhng t thng hay gap trongnhng bai kinh Phat, vi hy vong giup nhng Phat t Viet Nam tm hieu them ve nhng bailuan Phat giao bang Anh ng, hoac tm hieu Kinh Tang Anh ng c dch sang t tiengPhan Pali hay Sanskrit. c Phat a bat au thuyet giang Phat phap 26 the ky ve trc magiao ly that la tham tham rat kho cho bat c ai trong chung ta thau triet, du bang chnh ngonng cua chung ta. Ngoai ra, khong co t ng tng ng Viet hay Anh nao co the lot tranc het y ngha cua nhieu t ng Phan Pali va Sanskrit. Lai cang kho hn cho ngi Vietchung ta tranh nhng dien dch sai lam khi chung ta oc nhng kinh ien c Viet dch tnhng kinh ien ai tha cua Trung quoc. Nh quy v a biet, giao ly va truyen thong Phatgiao a an sau vao xa hoi Viet Nam chung ta t 20 the ky nay, va a phan ngi Viet chung

ta trong quoc noi cung nh tai hai ngoai eu trc tiep hay gian tiep thc hanh Phat phap.That tnh ma noi, ngay nay Phat t hay khong Phat t eu ang tm toi hoc hoi giao ly naynhng mong m mang va cai thien cuoc song cho chnh mnh. V nhng ly do o, cho en khinao co c mot bo T ien Phat Hoc hoan chnh, toi a mao muoi bien soan nhng t ngthng dung Phat giao cung nh nhng t ng lien he vi Phat giao trong suot hn mi lamnam qua. ong y la co rat nhieu loi lam va sai sot trong quyen sach nho nay va con lau lamquyen sach nay mi c xem la hoan chnh, tuy nhien, vi c mong chia xe chan ly, chungtoi a khong ngan ngai cho xuat ban va truyen ba quyen sach nay en tay moi ngi. Hnna, chnh c T Phu a tng day: Trong phap Bo Th, bo th Phap hay bo th mon quachan ly Phat phap la cach cung dng cao tuyet nht tren i nay.

Mot lan na, Hy vong quyen sach nho nay se giup ch cho nhng ai muon tm biet them

ve chan ly thc tanh van hu. Nh a noi tren, ay khong phai la mot tac pham hoan chnh,v the chung toi chan thanh cam ta s ch day cua ch hoc gia va cac bac cao minh.

Cuoi cung, tac gia cung knh cung dng len ngoi Tam Bao, va xin thanh knh hoi hngtat ca cong c nay en chung sanh muon loai trong qua kh, hien tai va v lai. Nhng mongai nay eu thay c s li lac cua Phat phap, e mot ngay khong xa nao o, phap giichung sanh ong vang sanh Cc Lac.

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AcknowledgementsFirst, I would like to take this opportunity to thank Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien for

encouraging me to start this project, providing me with Tripitaka in English version and otherbooks of Buddhist doctrines, and reviewing my work. Beside, Most Venerable Thch Giac

Nhien also takes his time to sit down and explain to me Buddhist terms which I dont know.Secondly, I want to take this opportunity to thank Most Ven. Dr. Thch Quang Lien, MostVen. Dr Claude Ware, Most Ven. Thch Chn Thanh, Most Ven. Thch Giac Lng, MostVen. Thch Nguyen at, Most Ven. Thch Hanh ao, Most Ven. Thch Giac Ngo, Most Ven.Thch Giac Trang, Most Ven. Thch Giac Toan, Most Ven. Thch Giac Tue, Most Ven. ThchMinh Thien, Ven. Prof. Thch Chn Minh, Ven. Thch Minh Man, Ven. Thch Nguyen Tr,Ven. Thch Quang Thanh, Ven. Thch Giac S, Ven. Thch Minh Thanh, Ven. Thch Minhat, Ven. Thch Minh Nhan, Ven. Thch Minh Ngh, Ven. Thch Minh An, Ven. Thch MinhHien, Ven. Thch Vo at, Ven. Thch Minh nh, Ven. Thch Minh Thong, Bhikhunis ThchN Dieu Lac, Thch N Dieu Nguyet, Thch N Dieu Hoa, and Thch N Tnh Hien, ThchN Dieu ao, Thch N Dieu Minh, Thch N Lien Dung, Thch N Tnh Lien, Thch NNh Hanh, and Thch N Nhan Lien, Prof. Nghiem Phu Phat, Prof. Lu Khon, Prof. AndrewJ. Williams, Ms. Sonia Brousseau, Ms. Sheila Trng, Ms. Nguyen Th Kim Ngan, Mr.Nguyen Minh Lan, Minh Hanh, Hue c, Bu c, Mr. And Mrs. Van Vo and HoangKhuyen, Mr. And Mrs. Quang Tam and Minh Chnh, Minh Chanh, Tam Ngha, Thien Vinh,and Dieu Hao for their kind support and encouragement which have helped me overcomedifficulties along every step of composing this book. They have set aside their precious timeto review and proofread the draft, correct errors and offer me with invaluable advice toimprove this work. I also would like to take this chance to send my special thanks to all mygood spiritual advisors and friends, especially Ms. Nguyen Th Ngoc Van, and FormerPrincipals of Tong Phuoc Hiep High School, Mr. ao Khanh Tho, and Mrs. Vo Th Ngoc

Dung who have provided extremely helpful advice, guidance and ideas.I would also like to express my special gratitude to my family for all their support.Without their support, this work can not be accomplished.

Next, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the proof-reading committee for theirhard work, especially Upasika Nguyen th Ngoc Van for her extraordinary efforts tocomplete this extremely difficult assignment.

Last but not least, I would respectfully like to dedicate all merits and virtues derived fromthis work to all sentient beings throughout the six paths in the Dharma Realms to rebirth inthe Amitabha Pure Land.

Anaheim, CaliforniaNovember 2007

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Cam TaTrc nhat, tac gia xin chan thanh cam ta Hoa Thng Thch Giac Nhien a khuyen khch

tac gia t nhng ngay au kho khan cua cong viec bien soan. Hoa Thng a cung cap Anh

Tang cung nh nhng sach giao ly Phat giao khac. Ngoai ra, Ngai con danh nhieu th gi qubau coi lai ban thao va giang ngha nhng t ng kho hieu. Ke th, tac gia cung xin chanthanh cam ta Hoa Thng Tien S Thch Quang Lien, Hoa Thng Tien S Claude Ware,Hoa Thng Thch Chn Thanh, Hoa Thng Thch Giac Lng, Hoa Thng Thch Nguyenat, Hoa Thng Thch Hanh ao, Hoa Thng Thch Giac Ngo, Hoa Thng Thch GiacTrang, Hoa Thng Thch Giac Toan, Hoa Thng Thch Giac Tue, Hoa Thng Thch MinhThien, va Thng Toa G.S. Thch Chn Minh a khuyen tan trong nhng luc kho khan,Thng Toa Thch Minh Man, Thch Nguyen Tr, Thch Quang Thanh, Thch Giac S, ThchMinh Thanh, Thch Minh at, Thch Minh Nhan, Thch Minh Ngh, Thch Minh An, ThchMinh Hien, Thch Vo at, Thch Minh nh, cac S Co Thch N Dieu Lac, Thch N DieuNguyet, Thch N Dieu Hoa, Thch N Tnh Hien, Thch N Dieu ao, Thch N Dieu Minh,

Thch N Lien Dung, Thch N Tnh Lien, Thch N Nh Hanh, va Thch N Nhan Lien akhuyen khch tac gia vt qua nhng kho khan tr ngai. Mot so a khong ngai th gi qu bauduyet oc phan Viet ng nh Giao S Lu Khon, Giao S Nghiem Phu Phat, Giao SAndrew J. Williams, Sonia Brousseau, Sheila Trng, Nguyen th Kim Ngan, Nguyen MinhLan, Minh Hanh, Hue c, Bu c, Van Vo, Hoang Khuyen, Quang Tam, Minh Chnh,Minh Chanh, Tam Ngha, Thien Vinh, va Dieu Hao a duyet oc tng phan trong tac phamnay. Tac gia cung xin chan thanh cam ta co Nguyen Th Ngoc Van, cung qu Thay Co CuHieu Trng Trng Trung Hoc Tong Phc Hiep, Ong ao Khanh Tho va Co Vo Th NgocDung a tan tnh giup ve tinh than lan vat chat.

Tac gia cung chan thanh cam ta toan the gia nh a tch cc yem tr. Khong co s yemtr nay, chac chan bo sach nay khong the nao hoan thanh my man c.

Ke en tac gia xin thanh that cam n s co gang tan tuy cua ban duyet oc, ac biet lanhng co gang vt bc cua ao hu Nguyen th Ngoc Van trong cong viec cc ky kho khannay.

Cuoi cung, tac gia xin thanh knh hoi hng cong c nay en phap gii chung sanhtrong sau ng phap gii se c vang sanh Tnh o.

Anaheim, CaliforniaThang 11, nam 2007

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Note To Our Readers

This booklet is a collection of Buddhist, Buddhist-related terms, and terms that are

often seen in Buddhist texts, written in both Vietnamese and English. Like I said inthe Preface, this is not a Total and Complete Buddhist Dictionary; however, with awish of share, I hope that all of you will find this a useful and helpful booklet for youto broaden knowledge on Buddhism

Thien Phuc

Li ghi chu en ch oc giaQuyen sach nho nay ch la mot tap hp cac t ng Phat giao, cac t ng co lien

quan en Phat giao, va cac t ng thng c tm thay trong cac sach giao khoaViet Anh Phat giao. Nh tren a noi, ay khong phai la bo t ien hoan hao; tuynhien, vi tam nguyen se chia, toi mong rang qu v se tm thay ni bo sach naynhng ieu bo ch cho viec m rong kien thc ve Phat giao cua mnh.

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This work is respectfully dedicated to the Three Jewels, to my Original Master,Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien, to my deceased parents Mr. Le Van Thuan andMrs. Tran Th Su, to my mother and father-in-law Mr. Tan Ngoc Phieu and MrsTran th Phan. This work is also dedicated to my wife Tng Thuc and children ThanhPhu, Thanh My and Thien Phu, my longlife best friends for their enormous supports. I

am enormously grateful to my friend, Chieu Tam Benjamin Nguyen, who helpedtyped, and retyped the work.

Xin thanh knh cung dng tac pham nay len ngoi Tam Bao, ke th cung dnglen Thay Bon S, Hoa Thng Thch Giac Nhien, Phap Chu Giao Hoi Phat GiaoTang Gia Khat S The Gii, ke th la cung dng en cha me qua vang la ong LeVan Thuan va ba Tran Th Su, nhac phu va nhac mau la ong Tan Ngoc Phieu va baTran th Phan. Toi cung xin knh tang tac pham nay en hien phu Tng Thuc, va caccon Thanh Phu, Thanh My, Thien Phu, cung nh ngi ban Chieu Tam Benjamin

Nguyen a giup anh may i anh may lai va sa cha nhng tr ngai ky thuat.


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Note on Language and Abbreviations

(A) Languages: (B) Abbreviations

Ch : Chinese B.C. : Before Christ (trc Tay Lch)Jap : Japanese A.D. : Anno Domini (sau Tay Lch)Kor: Korean e.g. : For exampleP : Pali i.e. : For exampleTib : Tibetan a : AdjectiveViet: Vietnamese n : Noun

n.pl : Noun Pluralv : Verb

Words or Phrases that are used interchangeably.

Nhan = Nhn (ngha la ngi) Chi=ChiNhat = Nht (ngha la mot) Nay= NayNhat = Nht (ngha la ngay) Dharma (skt)=Dhamma (p)Yet = Kiet Karma (skt)=Kamma (p)Xay = Xay Sutra (skt)=Sutta (p)

Other signs of reference.

** These two stars mean that the term has adequate meaning itself; however, ifyou wish to obtain further details, you can refer to the term or terms mentionedbehind these two stars.


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Advisory Committee

1. Most Venerable Dr. Thch Quang Lien, Ph.D.2. Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien3.

Most Venerable Thch Chn Thanh4. Most Venerable Thch Giac Lng

5. Most Venerable Thich An Hue---Dr. Claude Ware, Ph.D.

Proofreading Committee

I. English:1. Prof. Andrew J. Williams, Ph.D., Australia.2. Ms. Sonia Brousseau, M.F.C.C., Canada.

II. Vietnamese and English:1. .. Thch Minh at2. .. Thch Minh Ngh3. . . Thch Minh Nhan4. S.C. Thch N Dung Lien5. S.C. Thch N Tnh Lien6. S.C. Thch N Nhan Lien7. S.C. Thch N Nh Hanh8. Prof. Nghiem Phu Phat9. Mr. Nguyen Minh Lan10.Ms. Nguyen Th Kim Ngan11.Ms. Sheila Trng12.Mr. ao Khanh Tho13.Mrs. Vo Th Ngoc Dung14.Mr. Minh Chanh Nguyen T. Liem15.Mrs. Dieu Hao Ann Pham16.Mr. Bu c Tran Ngoc Trac17.Mrs. Thanh Khai Tieu Qu Hue18.Ms. Chn Lac Hng Nguyen T. Mai19.Ms. Dieu An Trnh Hoai Thu


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20.Ms. Dieu Hai Nguyen T. Lien21.Ms. Dieu Thanh Hoang T. Kim Thanh22.Ms. Nht Hanh Lng K. Ngoc Han23.Ms. Thao Ngoc Nguyen H. Thao24.Mr. Thien ao Vng Bnh25.Mr. Thien Li Tyler Ho26.Mr. Thien Duyen Le Loc Sanh27.Ms. Tn Ngoc Vng Th Tuyet28.Mr. Phuc Tue Nguyen Hue29.Ms. Dieu Hieu Jennifer Nguyen30.Mr. Nguyen Van Can31.Mr. Thien Giac Tran Thanh Tong32.Tam Minh Hanh Vo Minh The.33.Nguyen Th Ngoc Van.34.Tam Tinh Can Lee Wilson35.Hue c Lam Xuan Huy36.Minh Hanh37.Pham Ngoc Mai38.Thien Hu39.Pham th Kim Phng.

III. Sanskrit/PaliPhan & Ba Li1. Pham Kim Khanh2. Le Th Sng (who passed away before the print of this work. May

she rest in peace in the Buddha Land and attain the Buddhahoodthere).


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69.ng Vao Anh Sang ao Phat, Tnh Mac, 1959.

70.Nhn Qua, Nghiep va Luan Hoi, Hoa Thng Thch Thien Hoa, 1960.71.The Method of Zen, Eugen Herrigel, 1960.72.Viet Nam Danh Lam Co T, Vo Van Tng, 1992.73.The Three Pillars of Zen, Roshi Philip Kapleau, 1912.74.V Sao Tin Phat, K. Sri Dhammananda, dch gia Thch Tam Quang, 1998.75.Introduction To Tantra, Lama Thubten Yeshe, 1935.76.Buddha and Gospel of Buddhism, Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, 1974.77.Mahayana Buddhism, Beatrice Lane Suzuki, 1969.78.Phep La Cua S Tnh Thc, Hoa Thng Thch Nhat Hanh, 1975.79.Ba Van e Trong ai Trong i Tu, Hoa Thng Thch Thanh T, 1997.80.Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis, D.T. Suzuki and Richard De Martino, 1960.81.La Th Tnh o, ai S An Quang, dch gia Hoa Thng Thch Thien Tam,

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82.Lien Tong Thap Tam To, Hoa Thng Thch Thien Tam, 1956.83.Studies in The Lamkavatara Sutra, D.T. Suzuki, 1930.84.Buddhism Explained, Bhikkhu Khantipalo, 1973.85.Khao Nghiem Duy Thc Hoc, Hoa Thng Thch Thang Hoan, 1987.86.Kinh Phap Bao an, Hoa Thng Thch Thanh T, 1992.


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87.Th Gi Ngi Hoc Phat, Thng Toa Thch Hai Quang, 1998.88.Buddhism: Its Essence and Development, Edward Conze, 1951.89.An Introduction To Zen Buddhism, D.T. Suzuki, 1934.90.The Tibetan Book Of The Dead, Guru Rinpoche according to Karma Lingpa,

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91.Kinh u Ba Tac Gii, Sa Mon Thch Quang Minh, 1957.92.Philosophy and Psychology in The Abhidharma, Herbert V. Guenther, 1957.93.Sixth Patriarchs Sutra, Tripitaka Master Hua, 1971.94.Thien Luan, 3 vols, D.T. Suzuki, dch gia Truc Thien, 1926.95.In This Very Life, Sayadaw U. Pandita, 1921.96.Twenty-Five Hundred Years of Buddhism, P.V. Bapat, 1959.97.Phat Hoc Tinh Yeu, 3 vols., Hoa Thng Thch Thien Tam, 1965.98.Phat Va Thanh Chung, Cao Hu nh, 1936.99.Liberation In The Palm Of Your Hand, Pabongka Rinpoche, 1991.100. The Zen Doctrine of No Mind, D.T. Suzuki, 1949.101. The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, Sogyal Rinpoche, 1992.102. An c Phat, C S Huynh Thanh Long, 1962.103. Insight Meditation, Joseph Goldstein, 1993.


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111. The Elements of Zen, David Scott and Tony Doubleday, 1992.

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154. The Essence of Buddhism, P. Lakshmi Narasu, Colombo 1907.

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172. Thien Tong Viet Nam Cuoi The Ky 20, Hoa Thng Thch Thanh T,1991.

173. Kinh Vien Giac, Hoa Thng Thch Thien Hoa, Saigon 1958.

174. Kinh Dc S Bon Nguyen Cong c, Hoa Thng Thch Huyen Dung,1949.

175. Kinh Tam Bao, Hoa Thng Thch Tr Tnh, 1970.

176. Ch Kinh Tap Yeu, Hoa Thng Thch Duy Lc, 1994.

177. Lch S c Phat To, Thong Kham Medivongs.

178. Kinh Thu Lang Nghiem, Hoa Thng Bch Lien, Hoa Thng NhPhc, Hoa Thng T Quang, 1957.

179. A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms, Fa-Hsien, English translator JamesLegge, 1965.

180. Thap o, Ty Kheo Ho Tong.

181. Tang Gia Viet Nam, Hoa Thng Thch Tr Quang, Phat Lch 2515.

182. A Comprehensive Manual Of Abhidharma, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Sri Lanka1993.

183. The Spectrum of Buddhism, Piyadassi, Sri Lanka 1991.

184. Thang Phap Tap Yeu Luan, Hoa Thng Thch Minh Chau.

185. Vi Dieu Phap Toat Yeu, Narada Maha Thera, 1972, Viet dch PhamKim Khanh.

186. Nagarjunas Philosophy, K. Venkata Ramanan, Delhi 1975.


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187. Kinh Phap Bao an, Hoa Thng Thch Man Giac, 1985.

188. Buddhist Ethics, Hammalawa Saddhatissa, 1970.

189. The Buddha Eye, Frederick Franck, 1982.

190. The Dhammapada, Narada, 1963.

191. In The Hope of Nibbana, Winston L. King, 1964.

192. The Chinese Madhyama Agama and The Pali Majjhima Nikaya,Bhikkhu Thch Minh Chau, India 1991.

193. Skillful Means, Tarthang Tulku, 1978.

194. Tai Lieu Nghien Cu Va Dien Giang, Hoa Thng Thch Thien Hoa,1957.

195. Phat Giao, Tue Quang Nguyen ang Long, 1964.

196. The Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, Charles Luk, 1972.

197. Zen Philosophy, Zen Practice, Hoa Thng Thch Thien An, 1975.

198. Kinh Bach Du, Viet dch Thch N Nh Huyen, 1957.

199. Kinh Pho Hien Hanh Nguyen, Viet dch Hoa Thng Thch Tr Tnh,1956.

200. Sakyamunis One Hundred Fables, Tetcheng Lioa, 1981.

201. Tam Quyen Sach Qu, Hoa Thng Thch Thien Hoa, 1954.

202. Hue Quang Phat Hoc ai T ien, Ven. Thch Minh Canh Chu Bien,1994.

203. Phep La Cua S Tnh Thc, Zen Master Thch Nhat Hanh, 1975.


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204. The Buddha and His Dharma, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, 1997.

205. The Beginnings of Buddhism, Kogen Mizuno, 1980.

206. A Concise History of Buddhism, Andrew Skilton, 1994.

207. Pagodas, Gods and Spirits of Vietnam, Ann Helen Unger and WalterUnger, 1997.

208. Buddhism A to Z, Ronald B. Epstein, Ph.D., 2003.

209. Buddhism, Clive Erricker, 1995.

210. Buddhism, Ed. Manan Sharma, New Delhi, 2002.

211. Essentials of Buddhism, Kogen Mizuno, Tokyo, 1972.

212. Modern Buddhism, Alan & Jacqui James, 1987.

213. The Questions of King Milinda, T.W. Rhys Davis, 1963.

214. Kinh Mi Tien Van ap, Hoa Thng Gii Nghiem Viet dch, 2005.

215. The Zen Teaching of Bodhidharma, translated by Red Pine 1987.

216. The Pioneers of Buddhist Revival in India, D.C. Ahir, New Delhi 1989.

217. Zen Art For Meditation, Stewart W. Holmes and Chimyo Horioka,Tokyo, 1973.

218. Introducing Buddhism, Kodo Matsunami, Tokyo 1965.

219. A Buddhist Philosophy of Religion, Bhikkhu Nanajivako, 1992.

220. A Manual of Abhidharma, Most Venerable Narada, Kuala Lumpur, 1956.

221. A Manual of Buddhism, Most Venerable Narada, Kuala Lumpur, 1992.


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222. Rebirth and The Western Buddhist, Martin Wilson, Ven. Thich NguyeTangViet dch 2006.

223. The Buddhist Handbook, John Snelling, 1991.

224. Essential of Buddhism, Gnanarama, Singapore, 2000.

225. Buddhism For Today, Nikkyo Niwano, 1976.

226. An Index to the Lankavatara Sutra, Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, London, 1934.

227. Studies in The Lankavatara Sutra, Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, London, 1930.

228. The Concept of Personality Revealed Through The Pancanikaya, Thch ChnThien, New Delhi, 1996.

229. Studies in Chan and Hua-Yen, Robert M. Gimello and Peter N. Gregory,Honolulu, 1983.

230. The Sacred East, Scott Littleton, 1996.

231. Buddha, Dr. Hermann Oldenberg, New Delhi, 1997.

232. Rajagraha, Jugal Kishore Bauddh, New Delhi, 2005.

233. How to Overcome Your Difficulties: Worry and Fear, Dhammananda, Ven.Nhuan Chau translated in 2005.

234. Bodh Gaya, Shanti Swaroop Bauddh, New Delhi, 2005.

235. The Great Buddhist Emperor of Asia, Ven. Dr. Medhankar, Nagpur, India,2000.

236. Sarnath, Shanti Swaroop Bauddh, New Delhi, 2003.

237. Buddhist Shrines in India, D.C. Ahir, New Delhi, 1986.


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238. Pryaers to the Medicine Buddha, composed by Geshe Norbu Phunsok,translated into Vietnamese by Sonam Nyima Chan Giac Bui Xuan Ly in2005.

239. Walking with the Buddha, India Dept. of Tourism, New Delhi, 2004.

240. The Practice of Tranquility and Insight, Khenchen Thrangu, New York, 1993.

241. Pen Portraits Ninety Three Eminent Disciples of the Buddha, C. deSaram, Singapore, 1966.

242. History of Theravada Buddhism in South East Asia, Kanai Lal Hazra, NewDehli, 1981.


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About The Author

Thien Phuc Tran Ngoc, AKA Ngoc-Em Tran, was born on August 3rd

, 1949 to Mr.Le van Thuan and Mrs. Tran thi Suu in Vnh Long Province, a small town about 136kilometers southwest of Saigon, South Vietnam. He grew up in Vinh Long town,South Vietnam and attended Tong Phuoc Hiep High School. He was born to a verypoor family; however, his parents had tried their best to raise their all children with aminimum of high school education. He obtained his Bachelor in English in 1973, andBachelor in Vietnamese-Chinese in 1974 at Cantho University. He was brought up ina Buddhist-tradition family. His grandparents and parents were devoted lay disciplesof Honorable Venerable Master Minh ang Quang. He came to the United States in1985 and became a disciple of Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien in the same year.

He has been working for California State Department of Rehabilitation as aRehabilitation Supervisor since 1988. His main responsibility is to supervise a unit often counselors who counsel people with problems, especially people with disabilities.He was very much impressed by the life and teachings of the Buddha. He realizesthat Buddhism has been an important part of the cultural heritage, not only ofVietnam, but also of Southeast Asian countries and most parts of Asia. While workingas a volunteer teacher of Vietnamese language programs in Southern California,around 1985 and 1986, a lot of young Vietnamese students came to him to ask for themeanings of some Buddhist terms. Some terms he was able to provide the meaning,but a lot of them he could not. He talked to Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien and

was encouraged by the Most Venerable Giac Nhien to start his works on The BasicBuddhist Terms. With the encouragement from Most Venerable Thch Giac Nhien, hestarted to compose his works titled Vietnamese-English Buddhist Dictionary andEnglish-Vietnamese Buddhist Dictionary in 1986. He published the Vietnamese-English Buddhist Dictionary in 2005. He is also the author of a series of books


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written in Vietnamese titled Buddhism in Life, ten volumes, Buddhism, a religionof Peace, Joy, and Mindfulness, Intimate Sharings with Parents and Children, AShort Journey to India, and A Glimpse on Cocochine. Books will be published in anear future: 1. The Buddhas Basic Teachings in Vietnamese and English, 2. ChineseFamous Zen Masters in Vietnamese and English.

Quick Search for Some Important Termsin This Volume

AA Di a Bon Nguyen: Original vows of Amitabha BuddhaAi Duc: Passions and illusionsAi Duc Lu Chu Sinh: Passions and illusions caused by the constant interactionAi Duc Tng Sinh: Passions and illusions caused by the objective worldAi Duc Tng Sinh: Passions and illusions caused by the mind or active thoughtAi oc: Poison of loveAi ha: River of desireAi Ng: Pleasant words

Ai Ng Nhiep: PriyavacanaAi Nhiem Minh Vng: RagarajaAn C: Peaceful dwellingAn c kiet ha: Rains RetreatAn lac: Peaceful and joyfulAn lanh: PeaceAn tru Bo e tam: Persist in the determination for enlightenmentAn tru tnh tn: Rest on pure faithAn: OmAn ma ni bat di hong: Om-Mani-Padme-Hum

Anh Hng Chung: Reflection assemblyAn ha: River of grace

BBa Dat e: Pacittiya


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Ba au Ma Thang Nh Lai: Padma Victory Thus Come OneBa la mat: ParamiBa La Mat a: ParamitaBa Lien Phat: PataliputraBat Lat Mat e: Paramiti

Ba La Mat T: Paramita TempleBali Tang: Pali CanonBa Tuan: PapiyanBa La Mon: Pure clerical caste (of India)Bac Tng: Reject of form characteristicsBach Gii Thien Nh: One thousand realmsBach hai Phat giao di thi nha ng: Persecution During the Tang DynastyBach Phap: One hundred divisions of all mental qualities and their agentsBach Trng Hoai Hai: Pai Chang Huai HaiBach Lac Thien: Pai-Yueh-Tien

Bach Lien Giao: Pai Lien TsungBach lien hoa: PundarikaBach Ma T: Pai Ma TsuBai xch phap mon cua tong phai khac: Oppose other methods of practiceBan cho mot nu ci: Offering of CountenanceBan Thien Lat Ma: Pan Chen La MaBan Thach Kiep: Rock kalpaBang Long Uan: Pan-Lung-YunBao che cho Tang Ni co viec lam sai trai: Protect a Bhiksu or Bhiksuni who actswrongly

Bao ap: RecompenseBao Oan Hanh: Requite hatredBao Than: Reward bodyBao An: Precious sealBao Ba La Mat Bo Tat: Ratna-Paramita BodhisattvaBao Bnh: Precious vaseBao boc bao che cho mot v Ty Kheo hay Ty Kheo Ni pham toi Ri Rung: Protect aBhiksu or Bhiksuni who commits a Degradation OffenceBao chau: Precious pearlBao Giam: Pao-Chien Zen Master

Bao Ninh Nhan Dung: Pao-Ning-Jen-YangBao Phiet: Precious raftBao Quoc: Pao-Kuo TempleBao Sanh: Ratnasambhava


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Bao Tang Nh Lai: Ratna-garbhaBao Tanh: Pao-Tsing Zen MasterBao Thang Nh Lai: RatnaketuBao Tha: Precious vehicleBao Tch: Ratnakara

Bao Tch Kinh: Ratnakuta SutraBao Tnh: Precious natureBao Triet Ma Coc: Pao-Che Ma-Yu Zen masterBao Tng: Precious likenessBao Van: Pao-YunBao Vng: Precious kingBat chu Tam Muoi: Pratyutpanna SamadhiBat Chu Tam Muoi Kinh: Pratyutpanna-samadhi sutraBat Nha: PrajnaBat Nha Ba La Mat a: Prajna-paramita

Bat Nha Bo tat: Prajna-BodhisattvaBat Nha Tam Kinh: Prajnaparamita sutraBat Nha Thi: Prajnaparamita or Lotus periodBan ao: Poor religionBan Tang: Poor monkBat Hoi: Question of ignoranceBat Lai: One who is not subject to returningBat Lan Ca Diep: Purana-KasyapaBat T Ngh Lc: Power inconceivable to any worldlingsBi quan hay Lac quan: Pessimism or Optimism

Bi Thuyen: Pitying boatBi Tr: Pity and wisdomB Ngan: Other shoreB bc thiet bi kho nghiep: Oppressed by karmic sufferingBch Chi Phat: Pratyeka BuddhaBch Nham Luc: Pi-Yen-LuBien Kien: One-sided standpointBien Ke S Chap Tanh: Parikalpita-laksanaBien: OceanBien Tai Vo Ngai: Power of unhindered discourse

Biet giai thoat gii: PratimoksaBiet Giai Thoat Kinh: Pratimoksa SutraBiet Tng: ParticularsBieu thuyen: Patent or positive


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Bo ai Hoa Thng: Pu-TaiBo Tat: PosadhaBo th Mat: Offering of eyesBo e Lc: Power of awakening every being in enlightenmentBo Tat cau ao: Quest for Truth of Great Enlightening Beings

Bo Tat ao: Path of Great Enlightening BeingsBo Tat hanh: Practices of Enlightening BeingsBo Nhan Che nh: PuggalapannatiBoi a: PattraBoi lo: Repair dangerous roadsBon Giac: Original bodhiBon Hanh: Original actionBon Hu: Original existenceBon Lai: Original substanceBon lai vo nhat vat: Originally not a thing existing

Bon Mau: Original workBon Minh: Prakriti-buddhiBon Mon: Original Buddhas teachingBon Nga: OurselvesBon Nguyen: Original vowBon Phat: Original BuddhaBon Sanh Kinh: Past Lives SutraBon S: Original MasterBon tanh: Original natureBon the: Original form

Bon Tch: Original manifestations of a BuddhaBon Tch: Pen-Chi Zen MasterBon Tnh: Pen-Ching Zen MasterBon Ton: Original Honoured OneBon Tr: Original wisdomBung-Nga quy: Rebirth in the realm of the hungry ghosts when the warm spots (atnear death) are at the bellyBuong xa: Relaxing

CCach giai quyet thc dung cua Phat giao: Pragmatic approach of BuddhismCam ng: Respond to needCanh c Truyen ang Luc: Record Conerning the Passing On the LampCanh gii: Realm


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Canh Gii Bat Nha: Phenomenal world and PrajnaCanh gii chung sanh: Realm of all the livingCanh gii ch Thien: Realm of devasCanh Gii Nhat Thc: Realm of bhutatathataCanh gii quy: Realm of demon

Canh gii suc sanh: Realm of animalsCanh gii tng: Phenomenal worldCanh that hay ma canh: Real and demonic realmsCan ban phien nao: Primary afflictionsCan Ban Tr: Primal wisdomCan Ban Vo Minh: Primal ignoranceCan e: RootCan nguyen la mot: One in all, all in oneCau sinh than: Recording spiritsCau Kinh Tong Gio: Pray to avert calamities

Cau t t: Receive Shining LightCha me: ParentsCha me va quyen thuoc cua mot v Bo Tat: Parents and relatives of a BodhisattvaChanh nh: Right concentrationChanh hanh: Right conductChanh Kien: Right understandingChanh Mang: Right livelihoodChanh Nghiep: Right actionChanh Ng: Right SpeechChanh Nhan: Right patience

Chanh Niem: Right mindfulnessChanh Phap: Period of orthodoxy and vigourChanh Tn: Right beliefChanh Tinh Tan: Right effortChanh Tr: Right knowledgeChanh trc: RighteousnessChanh T Duy: Right thoughtChan chng: Real evidenceChan e: Paramartha-satyaChan e Tam Tang: Paramartha Tripitaka Master

Chan Hu Tanh: Parinispanna-laksanaChan ly tng oi: Relative truthChan Ly Tng oi-Chan Ly Tuyet oi: Relative truth-Absolute truthChan nh duyen khi: Relative condition


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Chan Nh Hai: Ocean of the bhutatathataChan phap: Real dharmaChan Phat: Real BuddhaChan Phat T: Real Buddha sonChan thc: Real

Chan Vong: Real and unrealChap qua kh va v lai la hu bien va chap tng tuc la vo bien: Past and the futureare finite and that the continuity of the mind is infiniteChe Gii: RestraintChe ng Tham lam-San han-o K: Refrain from greed, anger, and jealousyCh Tam anh Le: Respectful Homage in Amitabha SutraCh Nguyet: Point a finger at the moonCh Tien: Paper moneyChiec be: RaftChiec be Phap: Raft of Dharma

Chnh can: Power or ability which uses the sense organs to discern the truthCho nam cua ch ai Bo Tat: Reclining of Great Enlightening BeingsChoi bo t trong an: Refuse the four great debtsChu nguyen: Pray on behalf of the donorChua: PagodaChuoc Loi: Redeem a fault (sin)Chung Tanh: Roots of bodhisatva developmentChuyen tr danh hanh: Practice Buddha Recitation diligently and exclusively withoutcultivating other methodsChuyen chanh phap luan: Operation of right teaching

Chuyen Thc: Pravrtti-vijnanaCh phap hai: Ocean of truthsCh sat hai: Ocean of landsChng ao: Religious experienceChng ao qua Bo e: Obtain perfect enlightenmentChng c Phat tr: Realization of Buddha-knowledgeChng Nghiem Vang Sanh: Proofs of Rebirth in Pure LandChng ngo: RealizationChng ngo chan ly: Realization of correct viewsChng ngai cua n nhan: Obstacles of women

Coi Tri Vo Sac: Realm of formlessnessCon ng chn ly: Path of truthCon ng chuan b: Prayoga-margaC Cam: Potentiality and response


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C Can: Original endowment and natureC duyen: Potentiality and conditionsCo Kho: Old sufferingCong c hai: Ocean of virtueCong Bat nha: Prajna of the imperfect Bodhisattva teaching

Cu Tuc Gii: Perfect commandmentsCung dng: OfferingsCung dng hng hoa: Offer (v) flowers and incenseCung dng thanh tnh: Purification of offeringCung dng theo truyen thong Tay Tang: Offering (Tibetan tradition)Cc Lap: Oldest monk in the OrderCc Nhiet a Nguc: PratapanaCc Quang Tnh Am Thien: Pure Heaven of Utmost Light and SoundCc vi: ParamanuCng-lc: Power of energy

Cu Canh Giai Thoat: Principle of Perfect Freedom

DDanh T Tc Phat: One who only hears and believes is in the Buddha-law andpotentially BuddhaDan Nghiep: Principle or integral direction of karmaDi Kham: Remove the coffin to the hall for the massesD c bao c: Return goodness for goodnessD Thuc ang Ngu Qua: PacaphalaniD Thuc Qua: Retribution of seed that was sown in previous life or lives

Diem Ma Thien: Realm of Deva YamaDiet phap nhan: Patience of the elimination of sufferingDiet Phap Tr Nhan: Patience associated with wisdomDieu Minh: Profoundly enlightened mindDieu Phap va d tnh giang phap cua c Phat: Profound dharma and the Buddhasplan of teachingDieu Quan Sat Tr: Pratyaveksana-jnanaDieu Thien The Gii: Realm of profound joyDieu Trung: Profound mediumDong Thien Hoang Ba: Obaku

Duc Ai: Ordinary human loveDuc Sanh: Rebirth in the realm of Sense-DesireDuy Gia Thiet Danh: PrajnaptinamamatreyamDuy Tam Tnh o: Pure Land is within the mind


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Duy Thc Hoc: Psychology of the eight consciousnessesDuyen: PratyayaDuyen Giac Bo e: Pratyeka-buddha form of enlightenmentDuyen Giac Phap Gii: Pratyeka-buddha realmDuyen Giac Tha: Pratyeka-buddha vehicle

Duyen Khi Ch Phap Can Ban Vi Tam Phap: Root of all phenomena is mindDuyen L Tam: Rational cogitating mindDuyen Lc: Power of the conditioning causeD (con sot lai sau khi nhap diet): RemaindersD lu ao: Path of Stream-Entrya Bao: Prabhutaratna Zen masterai bi lc vo ngai: Power of great compassionai Gii Pham Phu Tan Than Nh Lai: Ordinary people would praise the Tathagatafor his superiority of moralityai Lc Vng: Powerful king

ai Nguyen lc: Power of accomplishing a vow by a Buddha or Bodhisattvaai quang pho chieu: Of universal lightai The Quy: Rich ghosts, or powerful demonsai Tr o Luan: Prajnaparamita sastraai Vien Canh Tr Quan: Reflection of the Perfect Buddha-wisdoman Khong: Only non-existenceanh le theo truyen thong Tay Tang: Prostration (Tibetan tradition)anh tng: Protuberance on the Buddhas browao e: Path leading to the end (cessation) of sufferingao giai thoat cua ch ai Bo Tat: Path of Emancipation of great Enlightening

Beingsao phat trien pham hanh Phat qua cua ch ai Bo Tat: Path of generating thequalities of Buddhahood of Great Enlightening Beingsao trang nghiem cua ch ai Bo Tat: Path of adornment of Great EnlighteningBeingsao Tr: Religious wisdomac ao: Obtain the wayac o: Obtain (v) salvationac gii: Obtain the commandmentsang Cap Chung Sanh: Orders of beings

ang hoat: Re-animateau thai: Reincarnatione Ho: Rich liquor skimmed from boiled buttere Nht Ngha Tat an: Perfect and highest truth


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i Nhieu Quanh: Pradaksinaa ai: Prithina Tang Bo Tat Bon Nguyen Kinh: Past Vows of Earth-Store Bodhisattvaien Tng Y: Patched robeien Tra: Offering of tea

ieu Kien Khi au a en Hoai Bao Giac Ngo Toi Thng: Preliminaryconditions that lead to the cherishing of the desire for supreme enlightenmentieu ng trng phu: Purusa-damya-sarathiieu ao: Path of the birdsnh lc: Power of abstractoan Tr Chng Ngai: Overcome hindrancesoc kinh sach: Reading of sutrasoc sach bao the tuc: Read worldly books and magazineso Th Vng: Ruler of the eighth hot hello Oc Tieu: Rescue sentient beings from their burning houses

oc: Poisonoc Anh Canh: Object-domain of mere shadow or illusionoc Co: Poisoned drumoc Long: Poisonous dragonsoc Tham: Private consultationoc Thien Nh Co: Poison and Deva- drumsoc xa: Poisonous snakesoi Chat Canh: Object-domain with the original substanceoi C: Respond to the opportunityon giao: Perfect Sudden Teaching

ong Sn Bo: Purvasailahc-lc: Power of virtueng C Chung: Pivotal assembly

GGia bo benh nang e nhan o cung: Pretend to have serious illness in order toreceive donationsGia danh hu: Phenomenal thingsGia Hp: Phenomena are combinations of elements without permanent realityGia Hu Tanh: Paratantra-laksana

Giai ai: Occasions of indolenceGiai quyet nhng kho khan va tranh chap: Resolve difficulties and disputesGiai Thoat Bat Nha Ba La Mat: Prajna-paramita emancipationGiai Thoat ao: Path of liberation from all sufferings


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Giai Thoat Thanh Tnh Phap ien: Pure Dharma court of NirvanaGiai tr chap khong: Remove attachment to voidGiai tr duc vong: Remove passionsGiai tr ta kien cho chung sanh: Remove false views from sentient beingsGiai tr vng mac bang quan vo bien thc: Remove attachment to material objects

Giang phap: Preach the DharmaGiang Tong: Preaching sectGiao giai th ao: Orally moral exhortationGiao Ly Can Ban: Philosophical systemGiao ngoai: Outside the sectGiao thuyet thien tieu: Partial and minor teachingGieo nhng yeu to thien lanh: Plant pure elementsGii Hoa ong Tu: Precept concordGii hoi qua: PatidesanniyaGii Hng: Perfume of the commandments

Gii Kh: Qualified candidates for monks and nunsGii luat: PreceptsGii Lc: Power derived from observing the commandmentsGii Ngoai: Outside the three realms of desire, form and formlessnessGi s chan that: Protect the Truth

HHai An: Ocean sealHai An Tam Ma a: Ocean Seal SamadhiHai An Tam Muoi: Ocean symbol

Hai Chung: Ocean assemblyHai c: Power of the oceanHai long vng: Ocean nagaHai Trieu Am: Ocean tide voicesHang Ma: Overcome demonsHang ma lc: Power of subduing demonsHang ngi ang cung knh: Persons worthy of offeringsHanh Lc: Power of working till the end of timeHanh lc vo ngai dung: Power of action including all practices of enlightening beingsHanh phap: Practice of the Dharma

Hanh Thien: Perform good deedsHanh tng: PerformanceHanh Tng Quan Tng: Performance TantraHanh an lac ni khau: Pleasant practice of the mouth of a Bodhisattva


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Hanh an lac ni nguyen: Pleasant practice of the vow of a BodhisattvaHanh an lac ni tam: Pleasant practice of the mind of a BodhisattvaHanh Bat Nha: Prajna conductHanh cau tat ca cac phap: Practice seeking all truthsHanh Chan that: Practice of truth

Hanh Hoan hy: Practice of giving joyHanh lam tat ca cac thien can: Practice of all roots of goodnessHanh-lc: Power of actionHanh Ly si loan: Practice of non confusionHanh Nan ac: Practice of that which is difficult to attainHanh nng ni tat ca Phat sat: Practice dealing with all Buddha-landsHanh Tam muoi: Practice of all concentrationHanh Thien hien: Practice of good manifestationHanh Thien phap: Practice of good teachingThng thc hanh chanh ng: Practice right speech

Hanh thc hanh tr hue: Practice of all knowledgeHanh ton knh va cung dng ch Nh Lai: Practice dealing with all Buddhas,honoring and serving themHanh ton trong va ho tr tat ca thien hu tri thc: Practice dealing with all goodcompanionsHanh tu tap than thong bien hoa: Practice all supernatural powersHanh Tuy Phap: Practice the teaching of othersHanh Tuy Tn: Practices evolved from faithHanh v tat ca chung sanh: Practice dealing with all sentient beingsHanh Vo nga tu: Practice on non-self

Hanh Vo san han: Practice of non-oppositionHanh Vo tan: Practice of indomitabilityHanh Vo trc: Practice of nonattachmentHau bao: Posterior retributionHau Ngu Bach Nien: PratirupakaHien Giao: Open teachingHien Lieu: Plain meaningHien Thc: Open knowledgeHien Chng: PratyakshaHien Khi Quang: Phenomenal radiance of Buddha

Hien lng: Reasoning from the manifestHien nghiep: Present karmaHien Than: Present bodyHien thc luan: Realism


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Hien Tng: PhenomenonHien Tng Va Thc The: Phenomenon and noumenonHien Tng Tng: PhenomenaHnh phat: PunishmentsHnh tng cua vat chat: Rupa

Hnh tng Phat: PratimaHoa c Bo Tat: PadmasriHoa Nghiem Thi: Periods of AvatamsakaHoa sen: PadmaHoa Th Thanh: PataliputraHoa ao Lc: Power to instruct and guideHoa Nhan Thuyet: Preacher of BuddhismHoa c tinh quan: Ruler over the fire star (Mars)Hoa Gii: Realm of fireHoa Trach Du: Parable of the burning house

Hoai Sac Y: Rag-robeHoan Hy: PleasedHoan Hy Tam: Rejoicing mindHoan canh thng hang: Permanent situationHoan Nguyen: Return (v) homeHoan Sinh: ReviveHoan Tuc: Return to lay lifeHoac Nghiep Kho: Pains arising from a life of illusionHoang phap lc: Power of spreading the truthHi th im lang: Quiet breathing

Ho Minh Bo Tat: PrabhapalaHo tr: ProtectionHoi Han: RegretHoi hng: ParinamanaHoi Kinh ien Bali: Pali Text SocietyHoi Thiet Lap va Tang Cng Cong Bnh trong Cong ong: Rissho-koseikaiHong lien a nguc: Red lotus hellHue Lc: Power of wisdomHuy bang chanh phap: Repudiate the truthHuyen hoc: Occultism

Huyen Ngha: Profound meaningHng Quang Trang Nghiem: Ornaments of Fragrance and LightHng Tran: Odourferous objectHng B Hoi Toi: Pratidesaniya


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Hu Bien: One extreme of existenceHu Chap Tho: Perceived perceptionHu D T: Once-ReturnerHu Giao: Realistic schoolHu Khong Bat Nh: Phenomenal and noumenal are identical

Hu Lau: OutflowsHu Than: Owning ones bodyHy Luan: PrapancaHy Giac Phan: Priti-bodhyanga

KKe Khai Kinh: Opening the SutraKha nang hieu biet van vat: Perfect knowledge of all thingsKhai giac tri kien: Open to the enlightened knowledge and visionKhai Hien: Open up and reveal

Khai Nguyen: Open up an eraKhai Phap: Open a sectKhai th lc: Power of revelationKhac phuc hoai nghi: Overcome doubtsKhau nhan: Patience (forbearance) of the mouthKhen va che: Praise and blameKhoang Kiep: Past kalpaKho D: Remains of sufferingKho ao: Resultant path of sufferingKho Hanh cu tuc a: Perfect asceticism

Kho Hanh Lam: Papaya forestKhong Hanh: Practice the immaterialKhong Sat Sanh: Pranatipatad vairamaniKhong Tc Minh Vng: Peacock kingKhu bao: Retribution of smellingKien bao: Retribution of seeingKien ao: Path of insightKien hoac: Perplexities arise from false views or theoriesKien thu: Obstinate viewKien thc tuyet oi: Parinis(h)panna

Kien van sinh: Past life of seeing and hearing Buddha-truthKiep hai: Ocean of kalpaKiep lc vo ngai dung: Power relating to oens, cultivating practices unceasinglyKiep Nay Va Nhn Qua: Present life and cause and effect


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Kiet Gii T Ba La Di: ParajikaKiet Ha: River of bondageKim loai a c tinh luyen: Refined metalKim Sac N: Princess of VaranasiKy Biet: Record and differentiate

Ky Xu Quy: PataphutanaKy Than Di a Duy Tam Tnh o: Oneself is Amitabha

LLa Hau La: RahulaLa ray ch Tang Ni: Reprimand or punish other monks or nunsLa sat: RakshasLa Sat N: RaksasiLa Sat Thien: Raksha-devaLac Ba La Mat: Paramita of joy

Lac thu: PleasuresLac thuyet: Pleasant speechLac V: Pleasant tasteLam nhng ba an cau ky va xa x: Prepare fancy and luxurious mealsLam tron bon phan cua mnh mot cach chu ao: Perform duties wellLao Benh T: Old age-sickness-deathLat Ma mu o: Red hat LamaLay Phat: ProstrateLam Te Tong: Rinzai-ShuLan lt mot v Ty Kheo: Overpower a Bhiksu

Lau Tan Minh: Realization that the stream of transmigration is endedLay Thien oi Ac: Return good for evilLe Ha ien: Ploughing FestivalLe Tho Gii: OrdinationLe quy: Pestilence GhostLien Hoa Sanh: Padma-SambhavaLien Hoa Toa: PadmasanaLien Tr Hai Hoi: Ocean-Wide Lotus assemblyLieu Ngo: Perceive (v) clearlyLieu Nhan Phat Tanh: Revealing causes associated with the Buddha-wisdom

Linh Cung: Offering to the spiritsLong Phan Tan Tam Muoi: Powerful dragon samadhiLong Th Tnh o: Pure Land Dragon Poetry


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Long ban chan-a nguc: Rebirth in the realm of hells when the warm spots (at neardeath) are at the sole of the feetLi cau nguyen: PrayerLi Tha: ParahitaLo hong (trong than): Openings

Luan Tang: Revolving scripturesLuat hoa giai: Rules given in the Vinaya for settling disputesLuat Nghi: Rules of ceremoniesLuat nghi cua ch ai Bo Tat: Rules of behavior of Great Enlightening BeingsLuat Tong: Ritsu-shuLuat Ty Kheo: Rules for monks and nunsLc: PowerLc Gii: Period of general moral lawLng thiet: PisunavacaLy Tng Gii: Observance in the heart

Ly do khong an thc pham lam bang tht ong vat: Reasons for not eating animalfoodLy do vang sanh Tnh o: Reasons for rebirth in the Pure LandLy Nhat Tam: One Mind at the Level of Inner TruthLy Tr: Reciting the Buddha-name at the level of inner truth

MMa Ha Tang Ky Luat: Precepts for the Great SanghaMa Ni Luan Vng: Pearl-wheel kingMa Am Tang: Retractable penis

Man Nguyet Quang Minh Phat: Perfect Moon Light BuddhaMan: PrideMan trang: Pride as a bannerMat Hng: Powdered incenseMat Phap: Period of the end of DharmaMac Ly: Principle of silenceMat sanh Thien: Rebirth in the celestial (heaven) realms when the warm spots (atnear death) are at the eyesMat Giao Thuan Bo: Pure mysticMat Ng: Occult expression

Menh Can: Root or reincarnationMinh Thong: Omnipresent powersMinh Van: Plainly and straightforwardly stated statementM Mat Tam: Open the minds eye


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Mot Cot: One-Pillar TempleMot tram gii can hoc trong sinh hoat hang ngay: One hundred rules of conduct formonks

N

Nan hoach lc: Power difficult to acquireNap T: Peripatetic monksNang Bien: Powers of changeNang lc chuyen can: Power of diligenceNang lc oan nghi: Powers of solving doubts without fearNang lc hieu ro ch phap: Power to clearly understand all thingsNang lc lam cho nht thiet tr tam bat thoi thien xao: Power of skill in preventingthe will for omniscience from backslidingNang lc ni tat ca cac phap khong nhiem trc: Power to have no attachments toanything

Nang lc nhap tat ca cac phap nh hoa: Power to comprehend that all things are likephantomsNang lc nhap tat ca cac phap nh huyen: Power to comprehend that all things arelike illusionsNang lc nhap tat ca cac phap eu la Phat phap: Power to comprehend that all thingsare Buddhas teachingsNang lc nhap t tanh cua ch phap: Power to comprehend the inherent essence ofall thingsNang lc ni tat ca Phat phap tham tn chang huy bang: Power of deep faith in allBuddhas teachings without rejection

Nang lc quan chieu: Power of contemplatingNang lc cua thoi quen: Power of familiarizationNang vien ch: Reach any place at willNe Thap: Paste pagodaNga Vng: Raja-hamsaNga man: Overweening prideNga Phap Cau Hu Tong: Pudgala-vadaNga quy: PretaNga Quy ao: Preta-destinyNga Quy Gii: Realm of hungry ghosts

Nghi can: Root of doubtNghi le cung dng: PujaNghi Thanh Thai Cung: Palace womb for doubters outside Amitabhas heavenNghch Duyen: Resisting accessory cause


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Nghch thuan lc: Power to oppose or conformNghiep bao: Retribution of karmaNghiep chng: Obstacles of karmaNghiep chng i trc: Previous karmic obstructionsNghiep cu: Old karma

Nghiep D: Remnants of karmaNghiep hai: Ocean of karmaNghiep lc: Power of karmaNghiep Ngan Tr: Obstructive karmaNghiep Tac: Robber-karmaNghiep Tch Tu: Reserve karmaNgoai hnh cua ngu can: Organs of sensationNgoai ho: Outer protectorsNgu Phu: PrithagjanaNguyen ly Nh Thc: Principle of True Reality

Nguyen ly Tng oi: Principle of Reciprocal IdentificationNguyen tac cua ch ai Bo Tat: Principle of Great Enlightening BeingsNguyen Tam: Primal mindNguyen: PranihitaNguyen Lc: Power of the vowNguyen Lc Vang Sanh: Rebirth through the power of vowsNguyen Phat: Resolve of a BuddhaNgi quan sat: ObserverNgi tham d: ParticipantNgi tu theo phap mon Tnh o: Pure Land practitioners

Ngu B: Ox-hideNgu au Chien an: Ox-head sandal-woodNgu au ai Vng: Ox-head great kingNgu au Sn: Ox-head mountainNgu Giac: Ox-hornNgu Giac Sa La Lam: Ox-horn Sala GroveNhan: PurusaNhan Chanh Nhan Phu: Primary and secondary causesNhan lc: Power of the causesNhan Vng Bat Nha Ba La Mat Kinh: Prajna-Paramita Sutra of Benevolent king

sutraNhan lc: Powers of patient enduranceNhan Nhuc: PatienceNhan Nhuc Thai T: Patient prince


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Nhan Nhuc Than Tam: Patience of the body and mindNhan Nhuc Y: Robe of patienceNhan chan cuoc i: Realization of the true nature of lifeNhan Thc Luan: Pramana-vadaNhap chung sanh: Penetration of actions of sentient beings

Nhap ni tr cua ch Phat a nhap: Reaching of knowledge of all BuddhasNhat Am Giao: One-sound teachingNhat Bat oan S: One continuous processNhat a: One groundNhat iem Tru: One-pointednessNhat Lai ao: Path of Once-returnerNhat Nhan Chi Qui: One-eyed sea turtleNhat Niem Tam Thien: One thought embraces the three thousand worldsNhat Sanh Bo X: One lifetime to attain enlightenmentNhat Sanh Vien Man: Perfect realization in a lifetime

Nhat Tanh Tong: Pantheistic SectNhat Tam Niem Phat: Reciting the Buddhas name singlemindedlyNhat Tam Thay Phat: One mind to see the BuddhaNhat That Canh Tr: One realm of one realityNhat That Tng: One state of bhutathatataNhat That Vo Tng: One indivisible realityNhat thiet khau nghiep tuy tr tue hanh: Revealing perfect wisdom in wordsNhat Thiet Nh Lai Kim Cang The Gii: Original oath of every TathagataNhat thiet than nghiep tuy tr tue hanh: Revealing perfect wisdom in deedsNht thiet tr: Pratyeka-buddha knowledge

Nhat thiet tr lc vo ngai dung: Power of omniscience, attaining true enlightenmentby omniscienceNhat thiet y nghiep tuy tr tue hanh: Revealing perfect wisdom in thoughtsNhat Tha Cu Canh Giao: One vehicle in its final teachingNhat Tuc Giac: Overnight enlightenmentNhat xuc: Only one touchNhiem Trc: Pollution bondNhiep tr s b ma chng: Possession of demons of Great Enlightening BeingsNhieu ch hanh: Practice of benefitNh en cac i song qua kh: Recollects ones manifold past lives

Nhn Dung Bao Ninh: Ren-Yong-Bao-NingNhu Hoa Nhan Nhuc: Peace and toleranceNh Lai lc vo ngai dung: Power of Buddhas, liberating all sentient beingsNh Thc Tr: Omniscience


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Nh y than: PraptiNh y tuc: RddhipadaNhng cau hoi ve Thien: Questions in meditationNhng Nhat Thc: Pray to avert the calamity threatened by an eclipse of sunNiem Gii: Recollection of Morality

Niem Lac: Recollection of peaceNiem Luc t Di a: Recite Amitabha BuddhaNiem Lc: Power of memoryNiem Phap: Recollection of the DharmaNiem Tang: Recollection of the SanghaNiem Than: Recollection of bodyNiem Th: Recollection of generosityNiem Thien: Recollection of the devasNiem T: Recollection of deathNiem Tc: Recollection of Breath

Niem xa: Remember relinquishmentNiet Ban Gii: Realm of NirvanaNiet Ban Kinh: Parinirvana SutraNiet Ban Nguyen Ly: Principle of NirvanaNoan Lieu: Presents offered to the noviceNi ve nng: RefugeNoi Tuc Thc: Overnight foodNoi T: Royal templeNuoi suc vat: Raise animals

OOai Nghi: Respect-inspiring deportmentO Tch: Rattling staffOc Tieu Thach: PatalaOn lai cac giai oan tren bc ng tu hanh: Reviewing The Stages on the Path,according to the Tibetan tradition

PPha chap: Refute tenetsPha Lap: Refuting and establishing

Pha pham hanh cua ngi khac: Ruining the pure conduct of othersPha Tao oa: Po-Tsao-ToPha Lai: Pha Lai PagodaPham Phu: Ordinary people


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Pham phu thap kem nhng chan that: Ordinary beings with limited capacities but trueand sincerePham phu co tr hue va ch nguyen ln: Ordinary beings with great aspirations and acertain degree of wisdomPham phu t biet mnh cha giac ngo: Ordinary people who always know that they

are unenlightenedPham Tang: Ordinary monkPham tnh: Ordinary passionsPham Gii Luat: Offend against the lawPham Hanh: Pure livingPhan Van Tr Danh: Reflecting the name recitationPhan ng Ba Li: PaliPhap Ai: Religious lovePhap Bao an Kinh: Platform SutraPhap cung dng: Offering of the Buddha-truth

Phap Danh: Religious namePhap Dung: Phap Dung Zen MasterPhap Duyen Khi: PaticcasamuppadaPhap gii: Realm of realityPhap Gii Duyen Khi: Principle of universal causationPhap Gii Vien Dung: Perfect blending of all thingsPhap Hoa: Phap Hoa TemplePhap Hoi: Phap Hoi TemplePhap Lac: Religious joyPhap Lc: Power of Buddha-truth

Phap lc vo ngai dung: Power relating to phenomena, causing all bodies to enter thebodilessPhap mon c Niem: Recollection methodPhap Nhan Tnh: Pure dharma-eyePhap s Kim Cang Tha: RinpochePhap Tai: Riches of the lawPhap tanh lc: Power of the nature of thingsPhap Thong Thien Hy: Phap Thong Thien Hy Zen MasterPhap Thuan: Phap Thuan Zen MasterPhap Vng T: Prince of the Dharma

Nhng pham chat cua bac vo hoc: Qualities of the non-learnerPham chat ang ngi khen: Praise-worthy qualitiesPham Chat Cua Ngi N Co The Giup a Ngi Ay Len Cac Canh Tri: Qualitiesthat make a woman seek birth in happy states


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Pham chat quyet nh: Qualities of certaintyPham Loai Tuc Luan: PrakaranapadaPhan Biet Sai: ParikalpitaPhan Biet S Thc: ReasonedPhan Du: Partially correct metaphor

Phan Than: Reproducing of the bodyPhan v ang lu: Organ reincarnatedPhan Chn Tc Phat: Real wisdom is gradually opened, the screen of ignorance isgradually rolled up, the mind is clearer and clearer to totally clea

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