building rugged and reliable networks with fiber automation.com

Building rugged and reliable networks with fiber

Shane Duffy

Fiber & Telecoms Product Manager

B&B Electronics

Agenda

• Why choose Fiber?• Network layers• Designing network topologies for resilience• Selecting the right Fiber and Equipment• Applications• Q&A

Why choose fiber?

Why Choose Fiber

Copper Fiber

Bandwidth 100 Mb / 1Gb / 10Gb 100 Mb / 1Gb / 10Gb / 40Gb /100Gb ++

Distance 100m* 100 miles +

Security Radiated signals Signal interrupted if brokenAllows centralized equipment

Immunity and Reliability EM / RFI, Crosstalk, impedance , Ground loops

No electrical interference, temperature range

Design and Installation Small profile, option to blow fiber into ducts as required.

Migration and Upgrades Copper at or near limits of transmission technology

Upgrade devices at both ends. CWDM / DWDM

Cost Cost profile continues to drop. Better long term ROI in increasing bandwidth requirements. Termination costs have dropped.

Advantages of Fiber for networks

• Bandwidth up to Terabits/sec• Distance to 100+ km• Lack of EMI (Electromagnetic immunity)• Cost decreasing continually due to new form

factors• Available as an IE (Industrial Ethernet) extended

temperature product• Fiber for networks is Class-I, Eye-safe lasers : no

damage to the equipment will occur• The use of fiber Ethernet reduces the problems of

electrical noise and provides electrical isolation to prevent equipment damage caused by ground loops

Who needs fiber?

• Security cameras with long runs back to control rooms• Digital signage providers• Airport self check-in kiosks• Rail companies for track side equipment and signaling• Telecoms providers for mobile phone towers• Manufacturing facilities for equipment on the

manufacturing floor• Datacenters • Government and Military installations• Internet service providers

Network Layers

Network Layers

• File transfer, Email, Remote login7 Application

6 Presentation

• Establish/manage connection5 Session

• End-to-end control & error checking TCP4 Transport

• Routing and Forwarding IP3 Network

• Ethernet2 Data Link

• Transmission signalling1 Physical

OSI Model

ApplicationApplication

TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink

OSI ModelOSI Model TCP/IP TCP/IP ProtocolsProtocols

HTTPHTTP SMTPSMTP POP3POP3 FTPFTP ……

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP

ETHERNETETHERNET PPP PPP ……

Link Layer : includes device driver and network interface cardNetwork Layer : handles the movement of packets, i.e. RoutingTransport Layer : provides a reliable flow of data between two hostsApplication Layer : handles the details of the particular application

EtherNet/IP


TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink


HTTPHTTP CIPCIP ……

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP

ETHERNETETHERNET ……

Modbus/TCP


TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink


HTTPHTTP Modbus/TCPModbus/TCP FTPFTP ……

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP


EtherCAT


TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink


HTTPHTTP SMTPSMTP POP3POP3 FTPFTP ……

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP

EtherCAT MACEtherCAT MAC PPP PPP ……

UDP

IP

PROFINET


TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink


HTTPHTTP RT DataRT Data DataData

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP


RT DataRT Data DataData

TCPTCP UDPUDP

IPIP

ETHERNETETHERNET

SRTSRT

RTRT

Protocol Stack

• Data is sent down the protocol stack• Each layer will at to the packet by prepending headers


TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

LinkLink

DataData

DataDataTCP/UDPheader

TCP/UDPheader


TCP/UDPheader

IPheader

IPheader


TCP/UDPheader

IPheader

IPheader

Frameheader

Frameheader

Frametrailer

Frametrailer

Application Data

TCP segment / UDP packet

IP Datagram

22Bytes 20Bytes 20Bytes 4Bytes

64 to 1500 BytesPhysicalPhysical

Network Frame

Designing network topologies for resilience

Power Supplies

• Power supplies– A key difference between consumer devices and

Industrial Ethernet devices.– Supports wider power input range– Dual power supplies for reliability– Wide temperature range support– Better resistance to transient spikes

1 Physical

Fiber cable Armor / location

• Armored fiber optic cable

• Ducting of fiber optic cables• Redundant path selection

1 Physical

Fiber Path Redundancy

• Spanning Tree

2 Data Link

2 Data Link

Link Fault Pass Through

Propagation of link faultPropagation of link fault

3 Network

Monitoring and Alerting

• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

• What is Network Management?– Configuration management

• Device settings

– Fault management• Issues that occur on the network

– Performance management• How smoothly is the network running• How much data is the network sending

3 Network

SNMP Applications

Monitoring the networkconnections of All schools and universities in Ireland

www.hea.net

3 Network

SNMP Applications

www.hea.net

3 Network

Monitoring and Alerting

• Dying GaspHelp. My

power source just failed!

Help. My power source

just failed!Fault MessageFault Message

Selecting the right Fiber and Equipment

Fiber Types and Connectors

• There are two main categories of fiber, Single Mode and Multi Mode– In each category, there is a variety of wavelengths

• Fiber strands are terminated with industry standard connectors, typically ST, SC, LC

• Fiber is available in a fixed form factor, ie, assembled and soldered to a board

• Fiber is currently available now in an SFP form factor-Small Form Pluggable, which offers tremendous flexibility for the network designer

Multimode vs Singlemode

Cable types and connectors

MM fiber cable 62.5/125µm

SM fiber cable 9/125µm ST connectors (Stick and Twist)

SC connectors (Stick and Click)

LC connectors (Lucent Connector)

SFP, Small Form Pluggable

• The latest form factor for fiber, offering complete flexibility for the network-ie, any network device with an SFP cage can accommodate MM or SM SFP, and be swapped out at a later date– SFP, SFP+, XFP– Both fiber types and all wavelengths

• SFP supports a speed of 10Mbps up to 1 Gigabit

• SFP+, XFP support 10G (10 gigabit)

Advantages of Single Mode Fiber

• Can cover up to 100km in distance• Best for connecting WANs• Supports a wide bandwidth, full wire speed• Typical wavelengths are 1310nm, 1550nm and

CWDM wavelengths for muxing devices• Single Mode fiber cables are not defined by

speed or protocol• Available in dual strand and Single Strand Fiber

(SSF).– SSF allows you to double your fiber capacity

Advantages of Multi Mode Fiber

• Can cover up to 2km in distance• Best for connecting LANs– Within a building or on a campus environment, eg

IBM, Universities

• Supports a wide bandwidth, full wire speed• Typical wavelengths are 850nm, 1300nm• Available in dual strand

Media conversion

• Network devices will offer copper (RJ-45) interfaces and sometimes fiber interfaces, either in a fixed form factor or an SFP.

• A typical requirement is finding a network device that will convert copper to fiber. This is media conversion.

Mode conversion

• There are occasions where fiber has been pulled and it is the wrong choice of fiber. A mode converter is the perfect solution.– Can provide a SM to MM conversion, MM to MM

or SM to SM. For example, at a military base, the integrator pulled SM fiber within a new 10 story building. However, all the PCs at the desktops had MM fiber NICs. What to do? Install a mode converter.

Rugged fiber-based equipment

• Standard network equipment is installed in a controlled environment, temp range of 0 to 50° C. All components including fiber adhere to same standards for FCC and UL approval

• IE, Industrial Ethernet, indicates the network equipment will meet a wide temperature range, including the fiber, and be appropriate for a wide temp environs

• Ruggedized network equipment, including the fiber, will tolerate extended temps plus adhere to ratings for vibration, shock and other conditions.

Applications

10G fiber application

PoE Fiber Application

Summary

• How do you decide to deploy SM or MM fiber?– If it is a short distance of 2Km or less, MM is the appropriate

choice. SM is for longer distances• When should you consider an unmanaged or managed

network device?– When the network is mission critical. When the endpoints need

complete monitoring to reduce truck rolls. Then use managed. If expensive high end switches are installed, an unmanaged device is more cost effective.

• When does an SFP device make more sense to invest in? – When the customer is willing to invest a little more money in

the equipment for the sake of future-proofing his network and understands the flexibility of the SFP family

Questions & Answers

Training Material Available

• B&B Training material– http://www.bb-elec.com/Learning-Center.aspx

• CompTIA Network+– http://certification.comptia.org

• The Light Brigade– http://www.lightbrigade.com

10 Commandments of Fiber

• http://www.bb-elec.com/Tech-Support/Blogs/Susan-s-Tech-Tips/June-2013/Ten-Commandments-of-Fiber-Optics.aspx

Thank you!

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Customer Service: [email protected] Support: [email protected] Inquiries: [email protected]

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Westlink Commerical Park,Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland

Phone: +353 91 792444Fax: +353 91 792445

Customer Service: [email protected] Support: [email protected] Inquiries: [email protected]

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building rugged and reliable networks with fiber automation.com

Engineering

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advantages of fiber

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