c-its activities in europemic-its-conference-2015.net/data/pdf/etsi.pdf · c-its activities in...

C-ITS ACTIVITIES IN EUROPE

Niels Peter Skov Andersen ICT for Next Generation ITS, 6 March 2015Chairman, ETSI TC ITS

© ETSI 2015. All rights reserved

Outline

Scope of ETSI TC ITS

Technical overview of work

Present issues on the way to deployment

Work done by others

Example of issue with security

Stakeholders in Europe

Spectrum Issues

ICT for Next Generation ITS -060320152

Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Definition

ITS means applying Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to the transport sector to create benefits in terms of • Transport efficiency

• Sustainability

• Accessibility

• Safety

• Security

• Convenience and satisfaction


Terms of Reference ETSI TC ITS

Creation and maintenance of deliverables (technical reports, technical specifications) in support of development and implementation of ITS service provision across the network• transport networks

• Vehicles

• transport users

Deliverables cover communication media and associated physical layer, transport layer, network layer, security, lawful intercept and the provision of generic web services including• interface aspects

• multiple modes of transport

• interoperability between systems

• not including ITS application standards, radio matters, and EMC


Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Technical overview

Minimum set of standards for interoperability EU mandate M/453

Release 1 – TR 101 607 with around 60 standards

Test and validation of standards

3 major interoperability tests (ETSI CTI) with 18 global suppliers

Coordination and international harmonization of standards with IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 1609 as well as SAE

Liaison with CEN TC278 / ISO TC204 as a follow-on of M/453 under the harmonization guidelines discussed by ESO ITSCG

Supporting coexistence analysis between ITS system and other relevant systems performed by CEPT and developing mitigation techniques in support of such coexistence.


Technical overview – Upcoming activities

Maintenance of Release 1

• Identification of mechanisms and commitment for Rel.1 standard maintenance

• Investigation of possible roadmaps for harmonization/ integration with CEN TC 278 Release 1

• Principles for Maintenance

• Only essential corections - No addition of new functionality

• Change Control Regime to be deployed

Cross Layer Distributed Congestion Control (DCC) management entity standardization for ITS G5 systems• To be completed August 2015


Technical overview – Upcoming activities

Release 2 development

• Support of additional ITS Use Cases, such as Vulnerable road Users, Cooperative-ACC, Platooning and Cooperative Observation Service

• Direct involvement of additional stakeholders in the process

• Identification of functionalities/features to be supported

• Definition of the timeframe and workplan

Other upcoming activities• Interoperability event planned for March 2015

• 7th ETSI ITS workshop is planned for 26-27 March 2015 in Helmond, Netherlands


TB Structure

Plenary – Common matters

WG1 – Applications Requirements and Services

WG2 – Architecture and Cross layer

WG3 – Transport and Network

WG4 – Media and Medium Related

WG5 – Security


Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Present problems

It is obvious the current spectrum allocation is insufficient to all services beyond the day 1 applications. Especially critical applications such as Platooning needs guaranteed QoS

Co-existence with CEN DSRC (toll-road systems) is critical and have lead to unrealistic spectrum mask requirements for C-ITS G5. Revision of Spectrum mask is ongoing in CEPT but dependent on new version of ETSI TS on mitigation technics –This is no longer just a technical issue but a financial issue

TC ITS have noted that recently 3GPP TSG RAN discussed of a potential WID/SID on V2X communication took place, and that 3GPP TSG SA WG1 is to look into requirements

C-ITS for safety related application is a tricky business case –the additional uncertainty of a potential conflicting standard does not make it easier.


Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


What we do NOT do

A C-ITS system will include Roadside stations that are connected to the traffic management centers, but we do not specify an open interface to the C-ITS roadside station.• This would be a traditional ETSI task, but the relevant stakeholders –

road operators – are not really present in ETSI but traditional rely on CEN/ISO

We do not specify a traditional telecom system or a bilateral communication• We specify broadcast service – each entity for the day 1 application

broadcast with a regular frequency of 1-10 Hz broadcast messages that can be received by other unit. Making Decentralized Congestion Control essential

• The messages are not ciphered but have a certificates of authenticity

• We do not specify receiver behavior as applications typically will be based on sensor fusion where the received information is combined with information from ‘other’ sensors


CEN activities on infrastructure services

• Spat, MAP, SRM and SSM

• Probe vehicle data PVD and PDM

• In vehicle information IVIMessage standards

• Application requirements

• Classification and management of ITS applications

• Local Dynamic Maps

• Roles and responsibilities

Other standards

• C2C and Road Authorities/operators

• Roadmap for 4 major applications

• White papers and functional requirements developed

Roadmap for deployment

•Strong support to standardisation activities from Road Authorities and Road operators

•Participation from infrastructure and infrastructure suppliersCEN standardisation

15 ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

Behind the Press Release

February joint press release from ETSI, CEN and EU that the first release of C-ITS standards had been completed. But the released work is only a baseline• ETSI standards completed, but need error correction etc.

• CEN standards far from complete and in some cases appear not to be aligned with the ETSI specifications

In addition several SDOs (ETSI, CEN/ISO, IEEE, SAE)

are developing ITS-related documents

• Various stakeholders active in each SDO

• Different timelines, unsynchronized release processes, in some

cases competing standards

Industry profiling in C2C-CC

• Basic Profiling for Vehicle

• Industry work on Compliance Assessment to complement ETSI

test specifications16 ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Discussion on Security Concept in Germany

Context: Cooperative ITS Corridor project (NL-DE-AT)

BASt (German road authority) is responsible for the German infrastructure topics

BASt is not an expert in security

BASt asked the BSI (Gewrman data protection agency) for help with the security topics

BSI disagrees with security standard as specified in ETSI

18ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

Discussion Points

PKI concept• The BSI demands an own Root CA for the infrastructure components in

Germany

• Car industry want to stay with one common Root CA for vehicles

Cryptographic curves• The BSI wanted brainpool curves (instead of the actual specified NIST

curves) for the certificates for the infrastructure components

Certificate format• BSI has some critics on the certificate format

“Sustainability”• Update concept if a CA is compromised is missing


Example of primary communication links

20

Roadside

unit

Emergency

vehicle

Own

vehicle Other

vehicle

Traffic

signal

Traffic signal

information

Roadside

sensor

Motor

Cycle

Sensor

information

Trraffic Management

Centre

Broadcast

Other Communication


Some of the interfaces

V2V

V2I

Management Centre to Broadcast Services

Management Centre to ITS RSU

Management Centre control of Infrastructure

Management Centre data collection from infrastructure

Only security of the V2X portion is considered in the following


Example of protection against threats

22

Roadside

unit

Emergency

vehicle

Own

vehicle Other

vehicle

Traffic

signal

Traffic signal

information

Roadside

sensor

Motor

CycleMotor CyclePedestrian

Sensor

information Fake

roadside

unit

Fake emergency vehicle

×

Operation

management

organization

Key

information

Key

information

Key

information

Keyinformation

×

(1)Emergency vehicle

spoofing by ordinary

vehicles

(2)Fake information

sent by fake RSU


Key distribution

Key distribution amongst other requires

Its own secure infrastructure

Clear rules for who can issue certificates

Rules for life time of keys

Respect of privacy, i.e. anonymity

System should not enable trackability

…..

Example of Public Key Infrastructure on the following slide


Basic PKI architecture

Root CA

RCA1

LTC1

PC4

PC3

PC2

PC1

Pseudonym

Certificates

PC1…PCn

Long-Term CA

LTCA1

Pseudonym CAs

PCA1 ... PCAn

Root CA

RCAn

Cross

Certification

PC1..n

LTC1


Some of the questions to consider

Who operates and issue the different Certificates and Pseudonyms ?

How are the Certificates and Pseudonyms distributed ?

Is encryption needed and for what purposes ?

Is the issue of Long Term Certificates linked to Certification (Conformity)

What if a ‘valid’ device is misbehaving ?

What if a valid certificate/pseudonym is misused ?

How to avoid privacy issues, e.g. by backtracking ?

Who is to audit the different stakeholders ?


Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Who are the stakeholders for deployment

Commitment from Car manufacturers to deploy • Car 2 Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC)

Commitment from Motorcycle industry to deploy• ACEM announced this in October 2014

DG MOVE initiative – C-ITS platform started November 2014

Amsterdam Group

• CEDR

• ASECAP

• POLIS

• CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium

Some National and International Deployment projects

• SCOOP@F

• Cooperative ITS Corridor (NL-DE-AT)

• Czech Republic27 ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

EU C-ITS Deployment platform


The European context –Amsterdam Group as facilitator

Roadmap between automotive industry and infrastructure organisations, Roadmap on initial deployment of Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) in Europe from 2015 onwards,Roadmap aims at practical recommendations for AG members,Exchange of experience and harmonisation between corridors

Deployment initiative

[…] Deployment initiative



[…]


Amsterdam Group Partners

C2C-CC

15 OEMs and 30 global suppliers

CEDR

27 European Road Authorities

ASECAP

16 members 5 associate members

POLIS

58 cities and regions

Amsterdam Group

Deployment of

Cooperative ITS


Phased deployment approach

Focus on Day One C-ITS Services

Initial deployment with simple and non complex services,

Achieving clear user benefits, supported by a solid business model,

Even with limited penetration and limited hot spot implementation.

Ensure


Day one C-ITS services for deployment

Typical V2V

Hazardous location warning

Slow vehicle warning

Stationary vehicle warning

Emergency Brake Light

Emergency vehicle warning

Motorcycle approaching indication

I2V provided by infrastructure

Road works warning

In-vehicle signage/information

Signal phase and timing of traffic lights

Probe vehicle data (Floating Car Data)


COMMON APPROACH TO REACH MAXIMUM

IMPACT

COMMON USE-CASES FOR

SEAMLESS USER EXPERIENCE

DIFFERENT USE-CASES TO

MAXIMIZE IMPACT AND

SHARING RESULTS

Other Corridor

(??)

SCOOP@F

(France)

CZ Initiative

(Czech republic)C-ITS Corridor

(DE-AT-NL)

COMMON

USE-CASES


KEY INTEROPERABILITY ASPECTS

SET OF USE-CASES

FUNCTIONALITIES AND STANDARDISATION

SECURITY, PRIVACY AND LEGISLATION

COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT

FREQUENCY USAGE IN EUROPE

ETC.

ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015 35

Amsterdam Group roadmap for deployment

2013 2014 2015

AG ROADMAP ACTIVITIES 2013-2014 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

Agree on Day one applications

Identify short list (done)

Final version of infrastructure services

Technical standardisation

Contribute to CEN/ETSI work Release 1

Analyse Release 1 for completeness

Contribute to Releasse 2

Systems specification

Standards profile-triggering conditions

White papers where no standards are ready

Follow CEN/ETSI process regarding white papers

Decentralised congestion control

Follow process within ETSI STF

Analyse results of STF results

Co-existence 5.8/5.9 Applicaitons

Follow EN approval process of harmonised standard

Test the proposed solution in relation with DCC

Spectrum sharing issues between ITS and Wi-Fi

Specify Back-end services

Roles and responsibilities

Agree on Security and Privacy framework

Compliance assessment and Testing procedure

Develop lifecycle management

Develop Hybrig communicaiton concept

Coordinated Marketing Activities

Quality management

Retrofit Devices

Implement

Operate


COOPERATIVE ITS CORRIDORS


THE PHASES

1.Pre-development and proof-of-concept • with road works safety

trailers in Hesse around Frankfurt/M.,

• within the Austrian project ECO-AT, and

• by extension of Dutch Testside DITCM

2.Deployment of Road Works Warning and Probe Vehicle Data in the Cooperative ITS Corridor (NL – DE – AT)

3.Nationwide deployment


Road Works Warning• Short-term stationary Road Works

• Short-term mobile Road Works

• Based on Road Works Safety Trailer securing the Road Works

Probe Vehicle Data• Improve traffic management with

real-time data from vehicles

• Based on CAM and DENM

• In the immediate vicinity of the Road Works Safety Trailer

SERVICES FOR DAY 1

39

Main objectives of SCOOP C-ITS deployments

• Improving road safety

• Optimizing traffic management and efficiency

• Optimizing infrastructure management costs and

developing new services

• Preparing vehicles of tomorrow

• Measuring the effects of SCOOP and a national

deployment on these objectives


5 main services common to the territories

• Roadwork's alert

• Collection of data

• On-board signalling

indication for the driver

unforeseen and dangerous events

• Traffic information

• Park & Ride


CZECH republic

Promote warning C-ITS will focus on

Day1 applications

• Road works, maintenance vehicles,

SOS call boxes

• Probe data integration (now FCD)


Outline




Work done by others



Spectrum Issues


Radio Spectrum sharing and Co-existence Challenges

Co-Existence• Toll Road systems

• The spectrum mask ensuring protection of tolling systems is currently under revision.

• Urban rail

• WiFi and LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum (License Exempt)

Sharing• WiFi and LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum (License Exempt)

• Urban Rail

It is important to note that ETSI’s role regarding spectrum is only to provide the standards necessary to support the spectrum decision made in other European for a such as SE24 and FM under the umbrella of ECC. However, there is a strong technical cooperation between the ETSI TC ITS membership and the members in the different groups under the ECC.46 ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

European

ITS BandsInitial

Deployment

181

161

165

169

173

177

Wi-Fi Channels

160MHz

80MHz80MHz

U-NII-4

U-NII-4

U-NII-4

US-DSRC/ITS182

180

178

176

174

172

184

US-DSRC ChannelsUS

5925

-

5775

-

5855

-

5725

-

5835

-

5815

-

5795

-

5755

-

EU-ITS Channels EU-ITS180

178

176

174

172

182

184

EU

ITS usage in band 5855-5925 MHz

In line with EU Decision 2008/671/EC

The spectrum challenge for C-ITS

EU requires all bands Deployment in Initial ITS bands is ON IT’S WAY

based on EU Decision With 176 fixed as control channel


Proposal by some RLAN stakeholders how to

coexistence, how to share spectrum

Request to move control spectrum to channel 180 ?

EUROPEAN FREQUENCY REGULATION

5925-

5775-

5855-

5725-

5835-

5815-

5795-

5755-

European

ITS Bands

181

161

165

169

173

177

Wi-Fi Channels

160MHz

80MHz80MHz

U-NII-4

U-NII-4

U-NII-4

US-DSRC/ITS182

180

178

176

174

172

184R

es

US-DSRC ChannelsUS

EU-ITS Channels EU-ITS180

178

176

174R

es

172

182

184

EU

Initial

Deployment

181

Proposed boundary of UNII4

Move of the control channel from 176 to channel 180 is not acceptable for Europe. European regulators have expressed that a

RLAN proposal in that direction is not possible in Europe as stated in technical report from working group SE24 from CEPT. Because in Europe the 176-180 channels can be used without restrictions.

Not possible


Be Aware for unlicensed band UNII-3:

In Europe many services are present at 5725-5875

144

140

136

132

128

124

120

116

112

108

104

100

165

161

157

153

149

64

60

56

52

48

44

40

36

IEEE channel #

20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz

160 MHz

UNII-1 UNII-2 UNII-2 UNII-3

5250

MHz

5350

MHz

5470

MHz

5725

MHz

NEW

96

92

88

84

80

76

72

68

169

173

177

181

5825

MHz

5925

MHz

UNII-4

Currently available channels New channels

Current Use: Amateur, BFWA, Defence systems, ISM, SRDs, Radio

determination applications, RTTT, Weather radars, Fixed links, FSS,

Action: Studies are undertaken to see if this band could be more widely

available for wireless broadband including Wi-Fi, taking into account the to

the need to protect services in the upper adjacent band.

At least these will be protected to sum extend

EUROPEAN FREQUENCY REGULATION


Spectrum Sharing

Considerations for sharing with WiFi/LTE license Exempt• Rearranging spectrum as proposed by some parties in the US is NOT

feasible in Europe due to the other spectrum allocations

• A global harmonized spectrum sharing solution for WiFi/LTE license exempt is required as it is difficult to control movements of equipment across regions

• ITS G5 is a fast moving radio under the influence of fading and multipath propagation and as such any detection mechanism as part of a mitigation technique needs to based on same multipath radio propagation conditions as used to evaluate the ITS G5 technology itself.

• Symmetric uplink down link influence can not be assumed due to the power control functions in ITS G5, that can be used to reduce out put power of the ITS G5 device but does not reduce the receiver sensitivity, adjacent channel and blocking characteristics, i.e. a transmitting device can cause interference without being able to receive signals from the interfered device !


Spectrum Co-existence

Toll road systems• Due to the existing investment in tolling infrastructure the need for

protection of this equipment is undisputed and needs to be based on the performance of the actual deployed equipment.

• Several mitigation techniques have been identified and are currently further investigated

• In addition to the protection of the tolling systems the mitigation techniques also needs to be investigated for potential spoofing of tolling zones (false disabling of V2X communication)

• Open question is how sharing of the spectrum use for tolling with WiFi/LTE license exempt will impact the different types of mitigation techniques. Consider the functional priority as

1. Tolling system

2. ITS G5

3. WiFi/LTE license Exempt

What if the mitigation technique makes the ITS G5 station falsely detect a WiFi/LTE license exempt device as a Tolling zone ?51 ICT for Next Generation ITS -06032015

Spectrum Co-existence

Urban Rail• Is additional spectrum needed or can we have a common system for

‘Road’ C-ITS and Urban Rail ?

• First reply from frequency regulators in Europe is: Railways please corporate with ITS players to get a common system


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