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C OMP 110/401 W INDOWS C OMMAND I NTERPRETER Instructor: Prasun Dewan (FB 150, dewan@unc.edu)

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2 W INDOWS C OMMAND I NTERPRETER

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3 C OMMAND I NTERPRETER ? Interprets Command Lines Provides alternative to (OS and Application) GUIs

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4 GUI A LTERNATIVE GUI Command Interpreter

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5 W HY C OMMAND I NTERPRETER ? Command lines may be preferred to GUIs in some situations and by some people Some applications and OSs do not come with GUIs and must be used through command interpreter java, javac, kindlegen Some think you do not know computers if you do not understand a command interpreter

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6 C OMMAND L INE S YNTAX javac -d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java cd warmup parameters Command = Command Line Command = Command Name Command = Command Line Command = Command Name

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7 C LASSIFYING C OMMAND (N AMES ) Execute code built-into OS Internal cd Execute some application program installed on top of OS External javac Command interpreter does not know about external command names; so how does it run and interpret them?

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8 R UNNING E XTERNAL C OMMAND : T OKENIZATION AND T WO -S TAGE C OMMAND I NTERPRETATION Name of an executable file javac -d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java A sequence of parameters Command interpreter separates the command line into a sequence of units or tokens divided by separators ( spaces and tabs) It treats the first token as the name of an executable file, finds it and executes it It passes the remaining tokens to the newly executed program, which then interprets them One or more of the parameters may be file (and folder) names

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9 C OMMAND I NTERPRETER S EARCHING FOR E XECUTABLE C OMMAND : F IRST I NTERPRETATION S TAGE It treats the first token as the name of an executable file, finds it and executes it

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10 E XTERNAL P ROGRAM I NTERPRETING P ARAMETERS : S ECOND I NTERPRETATION S TAGE It passes the remaining tokens to the newly executed program, which then interprets it

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11 T OKENIZATION D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac -d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java First token = command-name

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12 "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java U SING Q UOTES FOR T OKENS WITH S PACES First token = command-name

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13 H OW TO N AME F ILES ( AND F OLDERS ) One or more of the parameters may be file (and folder) names Files and folders are both often called files "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java File Names

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14 "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java R ELATIVE /P ARTIAL VS. A BSOLUTE /F ULL N AMES Relative name Absolute name Shorter names but more complicated naming scheme Longer names but simpler naming scheme

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15 L OCAL N AME OF F ILE / FOLDER D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac" d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java Local Name A file or folder is always created within some parent folder to create a hierarchical file system The name given within the parent folder is called the local name of the file/folder

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51 O UTPUT R EDIRECTION Input Echoed Input of Ca va command Command > File Output of Command goes to File rather than the command window

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52 I NPUT R EDIRECTION Echoed input from file Input for Buon Girono Command Command < File Input of Command comes from File rather than the command window

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53 P IPE Command1 | Command2 Output of Command1 becomes input of Command2

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54 GUI A LTERNATIVE : D IR C OMMAND

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55 GUI A LTERNATIVE : T YPE C OMMAND

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56 GUI A LTERNATIVE : E RASE C OMMAND

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57 GUI A LTERNATIVE : M KDIR C OMMAND

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58 W ILD C ARD : *

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59 W ILD C ARD : *

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60 P ARTIAL W ILD C ARD AND F IND (P IPED )

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61 I PCONFIG

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62 PING

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63 S ORT (P IPED )

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64 F IND (P IPED )

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65 S TARTING S EPARATE C OMMAND I NTERPRETER

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66 E XTRA S LIDES

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67 S TARTING A NOTHER C OMMAND I NTERPRETER IN S AME W INDOW AND E XIT

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68 C OMMAND I NTERPRETER ? Interprets Command Lines Provides alternative to (OS and Application) GUIs

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69 W HY C OMMAND I NTERPRETER Command lines may be preferred to GUIs Some applications and OSs do not come with GUIs and must be used through command interpreter java, javac, kindlegen

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70 GUI A LTERNATIVE GUI Command Interpreter Command interpreters came first

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71 C OMMAND N AME R ELATIVE TO F OLDER IN P ATH

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72 A DVANCE

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74 R ELATIVE N AME : G OING B ACKWARD A.. After some directory D refers to the parent of the D Given current directory with absolute name: d Relative name:... denotes a file with absolute name: d\f Relative name: src\warmup\AGreeter.java denotes a file with absolute name D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>\ src\warmup\AGreeter.java Given current directory with absolute name: D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>"

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75 Relative to current directory (or folder) Given current directory with absolute name: d Relative name: f denotes a file with absolute name: d\f Relative name: src\warmup\AGreeter.java denotes a file with absolute name D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>\ src\warmup\AGreeter.java Given current directory with absolute name: D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>"

Slide 77 "D:\Program Fil">

76 R ELATIVE /P ARTIAL VS. A BSOLUTE /F ULL N AMES javac -d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\src\warmup>"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java

Slide 78 D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java First token = command-name"> "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bi">

77 T OKENIZATION D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\src\warmup>"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\src\warmup>D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java First token = command-name

Slide 79 "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup">

78 U SING Q UOTES TO S EPARATE T OKENS D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\src\warmup>"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java First token = command-name

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79 GUI A LTERNATIVE GUI Command Interpreter Command interpreters came first

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80 T OKENIZATION D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11\bin\javac - d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java First token = command-name

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81 R ELATIVE N AME : G OING F ORWARD Relative to current directory (or folder) Given current directory with absolute name: d Relative name: f denotes a file with absolute name: d\f Relative name: src\warmup\AGreeter.java denotes a file with absolute name D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>\ src\warmup\AGreeter.java Given current directory with absolute name: D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject>

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82 GUI A LTERNATIVE GUI Command Interpreter Command interpreters came first

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83 C LASSIFYING C OMMAND -N AMES Identify code built-into OS Internal cd Identify some application program installed on top of OS External javac Command interpreter does not know about external command names; so how does it run and interpret them?

Slide 85 "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.jav">

84 D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\src\warmup>"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_11 \bin\javac" -d D:\dewan_backup\Java\WarmupProject\bin AGreeter.java R ELATIVE /P ARTIAL VS. A BSOLUTE /F ULL N AMES Relative name Absolute name Shorter names but more complicated naming scheme Longer names and simpler naming scheme

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85 H OW TO N AME F ILES ( AND F OLDERS ) javac -d bin src\warmup\AGreeter.java One or more of the parameters may be file (and folder) names File names Files and folders are both often called files

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86 F ILE / FOLDER H IERARCHIES AND L OCAL N AMES D: dewan_backup Java src warmup AGreeter.java AGreeter.class warmup bin WarmupProject

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87 C OMPLETING F ILE N AME Enter Could have edited command History particularly useful if absolute files names entered

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88 R EDIRECTING O UTPUT Echoed input Input Command < File Input of Command comes fromFile rather than the command window

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89.. T RAVERSING U P ( AND D OWN ) THE H IERARCHY D: dewan_backup Java src warmup AGreeter.java AGreeter.class warmup bin WarmupProject

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90 O UTPUT R EDIRECTION Input Echoed Input Command > File Output of Command goes to File rather than the command window

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91 I NPUT R EDIRECTION Echoed input from file Input Command < File Input of Command comes from file rather than the command window