c.1.3.6 sectorial policies

Co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the EuropeanUnion. Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME

Coordination of sectorial policies

Deliverable C.1.3.6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this report was supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union- through the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME, corresponding to the Call for proposal EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3 for Projects on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). DISCLAIMER This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Union. This work may rely on data from sources external to the SUPREME project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Union nor any member of the SUPREME Consortium, are liable for any use that may be made of the information

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Project Full title Supporting maritime spatial Planning in the Eastern Mediterranean (SUPREME)

Project Acronym SUPREME

Grant Agreement No. Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME

Coordinator Dr. Pierpaolo Campostrini

Project start date and duration 01/01/2017 – 31/12/2018

Project website http://www.msp-supreme.eu/

Deliverable Nr. C.1.3.6 Deliverable Date 12/2018

Status: Final (F) / Draft (D) / Revised draft (RV) Final

Task number C.1.3.6

Task number Title Coordination of sectorial policies

Responsible Institute (acronym) MIT

Authors

Emanuela Varone, Valeria Novario (MIT)

Francesco Benevolo, Arianna Norcini Pala, Roberto Mencarelli, Manuela Bistolfi (RAM/In house company of MIT)

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Tableofcontents

1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................6

2 Aquaculture...............................................................................................................................................8

2.1 ITALY..................................................................................................................................................8

2.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................10

2.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................13

2.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................15

3 CoastalandMaritimeTourism................................................................................................................16

3.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................16

3.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................19

3.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................21

3.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................22

4 RenewableEnergies................................................................................................................................24

4.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................24

4.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................28

4.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................30

4.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................31

5 Fishery.....................................................................................................................................................33

5.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................33

5.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................34

5.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................36

5.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................37

6 Cross-implementationof“sea-related”ECdirectives.............................................................................39

6.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................39

6.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................39

6.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................40

6.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................40

7 Protectedareas.......................................................................................................................................41

7.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................41

7.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................45

7.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................46

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7.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................50

8 BarcelonaConventionProtocols.............................................................................................................53

8.1 ITALY................................................................................................................................................56

8.2 GREECE............................................................................................................................................59

8.3 CROATIA..........................................................................................................................................62

8.4 SLOVENIA.........................................................................................................................................68

9 Regulatorybenchmarking.......................................................................................................................71

9.1 Aquaculture.....................................................................................................................................71

9.2 Coastalandmaritimetourism.........................................................................................................72

9.3 Renewableenergies........................................................................................................................73

9.4 Fishery.............................................................................................................................................74

9.5 Cross-implementationof“sea-related”ECdirectives.....................................................................75

9.6 Protectedareas...............................................................................................................................75

9.7 BarcelonaConventionProtocols.....................................................................................................76

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1 Introduction

According to the SUPREME Grant Agreement, the aim of C.1.3.6 is to analyze the relationships and

coordinationamongrelevantpolicyinstrumentstopromoteaneffectivecommonimplementation,inline

withtheecosystemapproach.

The achievement of the final output of the component, the “Recommendations for a synergic

implementationoftheregionallyrelevantpolicyinstrumentssupportingMSPimplementation”,havebeen

carriedoutthrougha3stepsprocessasdescribedbelow:

Thestructureofthedocumentreflectsthemethodologicalstructureillustratedintheabovefigure.

Asweknow,theMSPisinfactthecommonframeworkformaritimespatialplanningbetweenthevarious

countriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Eachcountryis,therefore,freetoplanitsmaritimeactivitiesoncondition

thatitmeetscriteriafortheuseofmarinewatersthatareasefficientandsustainableaspossible.

Asfarasplanningat local, regionalandnational levelofsharedmaritimeareas isconcerned, ithasbeen

made more uniform through coordination between the various national plans and the MSP, aimed at

efficientandintegratedplanningaimedatcreatingsynergiesbetweenthedifferentactivitiesandavoiding

potentialconflicts.

Thefirststeptowardstheelaborationofrecommendationsistheknowledgeofthestateoftheartofthe

regionally relevant instruments for the support of MSP implementation, which is achieved through the

analysisof specific informationcollected fromthe involvedMemberStatesvia thespecificquestionnaire

thathasbeensenttothepartnership.

The Italian Ministry of Infrasctures and Transport, with the support of RAM Logistica Infrastrutture e

TrasportiSpa,elaboratedaquestionnaireaimedatidentifying,atnationallevel,theinteractionsbetween

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theimplementationof“older”ECdirectivesorinternationalregulationsandthe“new”MSPdirectivethat

mightbealreadyexpressedor,atleast,foreseenatnationalorlocallevels.

Itwasalsorequestedtoconsidersomeexistingplansinthemaritimesectors,withparticularreferenceto

thosesectorsrelevantforMSP,whichhavehigherpotentialofgrowthandthosethatareaddressedinthe

EuropeanUnionStrategyfortheAdriaticandIonianRegion(EUSAIR).

Thetopicsaddressedbythequestionnaire,foreachinvolvedcountry,are:

a) Aquaculture

b) CoastalandMaritimetourism

c) Renewableenergies

d) Fishery

e) Cross-implementation of “sea-related” EC directives: WFD (2000/60/EC), MSFD (2008/56/EC),

Flooding(2007/60/EC)

f) ProtectedAreas1

g) BarcelonaConventionProtocols

Acomparativeanalysisoftherelationshipsandcoordinationamongrelevantpolicyinstruments,provided

in thedisseminatedquestionnaires, has beenelaboratedwith the aim topromote an effective common

implementation,inlinewiththeecosystemapproach.

Moreover, recommendations fora synergic implementationof the regionally relevantpolicy instruments

supporting MSP implementation were elaborated highlighting the best practises, for each sector and

country.

Starting from thedocumentationof thenational plans, for each selected topic, an assessmenthasbeenmaderegardingthestateofimplementationofEuropeandirectivesinallinvolvedcountriesaswellasthestate of the legislation in order to illustrate the actions undertaken by each country for each of theidentifiedsectors.

1Natura2000sites,SpeciallyProtectedAreasofMediterraneanImportanceSPAMI,FisheryRestrictedAreas–FRA,EcologicalorBiologicalSignificantMarineAreasEBSA,andMarineProtectedAreasMPA

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2 Aquaculture

TheEuropeanCommissionconsiderstheaquacultureasectorthathasahighpotentialforsustainablejobsand growth and has launched a number of campaigns to promote sustainable aquaculture in the EU. Inparticular, inthemainprioritiessetbytheECforthesustainabledevelopmentofaquacultureis included“to ensure access to space through coordinated spatial planning”, and most of the EU MS foresee a“Stronger role for aquaculture inMaritime Spatial Planning”. Which plans and policy instruments arededicatedtothedevelopmentofaquaculture inyourcountry?HowmucharetheyrelatedwithMSFD,WFDandMSPdirectives?

2.1 ITALY

REFERENCEAUTHORITY(IES):

FortheAquaculturesector:Mipaaf(MinistryofAgricultural,FoodandForestryPolicies)

FortheAquaculturespatialplanning:Mipaaf

GOVERNINGACTSFORAQUACULTURE

- Lawn.164(05/21/1998),Measuresonoffisheriesandaquaculture;- Legislative Decree nr. 226 (05/18/2001), Guidance andmodernization of the fisheries and aquaculturesectors,pursuanttoArticle7ofLawnr.57(03/05/2001);

- LegislativeDecreenr.154(05/26/2004),Modernizationofthefisheriesandaquaculturesectors;- Lawnr. 96 (06/04/2010),whichdelegates theGovernment to the compilationof a single legal text foraquaculture;

- Legislative Decree nr. 4 (09/01/2012), Measures for the Reorganization of Fisheries and AquacultureRegulationswhich,however,doesnotconstitutethesinglelegaltextforeseenfortheaquaculturesectorreferredtoinart.28/boftheLawnr.96(06/04/2010);

- Ministerial Decree nr. 79 (02/14/2013), Discipline of the procedure for the issue and renewal of theauthorizationfortheoperationofaquaculturefacilitiesatsea;

- Some"Measures for theReorganizationofFisheriesandAquacultureRegulations"arecontained in theLegislative Decree of 09.01.2012, No. 4, which transposes Act No. 04.06.2010No. 96which, however,doesnotconstitutethesinglelegaltextforeseenfortheaquaculturesectorreferredtoinart.28comaboftheLaw04.06.2010n°96.

GOVERNINGACTSFORAQUACULTURESPATIALPLANNING

The Italian National Triennial Fishing and Aquaculture Programme 2017-2019, as well as being the onlyprogrammatictoolintheaquaticproductionsectorwithintheItalianagricultural/foodpolicy,itisalsothesynthesis of the achievements set in the previous programming period (2013-2015) and constitutes astrategic plan for redefining the priorities of the national fisheries and aquaculture system. Thedevelopmentofthesectoralsohadtoconsiderthemacro-objectivesformulatedundertheItalianStrategicPlanforAquaculture2014-2020,whichsetsoutpreciselyobjectivesandpriorityactionstobeprogrammed.

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RELATIONBETWEENMSFD,WFDANDMSPDIRECTIVES

• MSFD–MarineStrategyFrameworkDirective(2008/56/EC) TheWaterFrameworkDirectiveandtheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective,bothintheimplementationphasefor2015and2020,respectively,mayhaveimportanteffectsonaquacultureactivities.

The two directives have implications in key aspects of farming activities: aquatic resources protection,designation of areas for molluscs farming suitable for breeding and harvesting activities, responsiblemanagementofhumanactivities,reductionofpollutantloads,environmentalqualityrequirementsoftheprotected areas, all of them having significant consequences on the safety of farmed products onconsumers

However, in Italy, the implementation of the Marine Strategy Directive concerning Descriptor 9“Contaminants in seafood are below safe levels” set objectives (GES and TARGET) only for chemicalcontaminantsbutnotformicrobiologicalcontaminants,potentiallyhighlyimpactingaquacultureactivities,even if they are included in the general descriptor 9 according to the European Commission Decision2010/47/EU29.

• WFD–WaterFrameworkDirective(2000/60/EC) The EU Water Directive (EU 2000/60), transposed by Legislative Decree 152/20062, started a complexreorganization of water resources protection and management tools and policies with the aim ofpreventingthedeteriorationoftheecologicalandchemicalstatusofallsurfacewaterbodiesandachievinga satisfactory quality by 2015. In addition to water protection, the directive also includes quantitativeaspects,i.e.watersaving,throughwhichspecificobjectivesmustbeguaranteed.

• MSP–MaritimeSpatialPlanningDirective(2014/89/EU) TheStrategicPlanprovidesactionstobeimplementedatnationalandregionallevelinordertomeettheenvironmental sustainability requirements for production, also in order to guarantee the competitiveconditionsoffarming.

BESTPRACTICES

• GoodpracticesintherecoveryofsturgeonfaunainItaly3• GoodpracticesinshellfishfarminginItaly4• Exampleofgoodpractice:theevolutionoftroticultureinFriuli5• Priority Axis 1 “Blu Innovation”6: Italy-Croatia Cooperation Programme that aims to promote

investment in research, innovation and education in all niche sectors where innovation can bepromoted(tourism,creativeindustries,fisheriesandaquaculture).

2Updatedwiththeamendments,mostrecently,introducedbyLawno.205of27December2017andLawno.167of20November2017.

3http://www.farmwithscience.org4http://www.farmwithscience.org5http://www.farmwithscience.org6http://www.italy-croatia.eu/priority-axis-1

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2.2 GREECE


FortheAquaculturesector:MinistryofRuralDevelopmentandFood

FortheAquaculturespatialplanning:MinistryofEnvironmentandEnergy

GOVERNINGACTSFORAQUACULTURE7

• MultiannualNationalStrategicPlanfortheDevelopmentofAquacultureinGreece,2014-2020 Theplanisdedicatedtothedevelopmentoftheaquaculturesectorandaccordingtoit,thestrategicgoalofGreeceisthesustainabledevelopmentoftheaquaculturesectoraimingattheproductionincrease,whichwillleadtoemploymentandGDPincrease.

• Law4282/2014"Aquaculturedevelopmentandotherprovisions"-GovernmentGazette182/A/2014

• LegislativeDecree(LD)420/70“FishingCode”-GG27/Α/1970asamendedbyLaw1740/1987–GG221/Α/1987, Law2040/1992–GG70/Α/1992, Law2503/1997–GG107/A/1997, Law2647/1998–GG237/A/1998andLaw4235/2014–GG32/A/2014

• Royal Decree 142/1971 ‘Fishing of aquatic organisms in lakes, rivers and their protection” -GovernmentGazette49/Α/12-3-1971

• Law 1845/1989, article 32, (7α) for the leasing of aquatic areas - GovernmentGazette 102/Α/26-4-1989

• MD8 140476/2004 “Determination of the concession process and licencing of aquaculture units” -GovernmentGazette357/Β/19-2-2004

• MD 9232.1/1/11 for the licencing of breeding units of marine aquaculture - Government Gazette136/Β/09-2-2011

• Law 3199/2003 ‘Protection and Management of Waters – Transposition of Directive2000/60/EC -GovernmentGazette280/Α/9-12-2003

• Law4014/2011 ‘Environmental licencingofworks andactivities’ -GovernmentGazette 209/Α/21-9-2011

• Presidential Decree 28/2009 on “Animal health requirements for aquaculture animals, and theprevention and control of certain diseases” harmonising Directives 2006/88/ΕU as amended by2008/53/EU-GovernmentGazette46/Α/16-3-2009

• MD521/53656/2015“Terms,conditionsandprocessofgradingfortherentalofseaandlakewaterareas...”–GG1780/B/2015asamendedbyGG2069/B/2017


7http://www.alieia.minagric.gr/node/308Ministerialdecision

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JMD9 31722/04-11-2011 "Approval of a Special framework of Spatial Planning and SustainableDevelopment forAquacultureand its strategicenvironmental impactassessment" -GovernmentGazette2505/B/04-11-2011

Theframeworkregulatesaquaculturespatially,bothatseaandinlandwaters,coversallaquaticorganismswitheconomicinterestandmainlyreferstomarineaquaculture,asitisthesectorwiththeneedforspatialregulation,byencouragingtheestablishmentofAreasofOrganisedAquacultureDevelopmentandsettingouttheprocess.

RELATIONBETWEENMSFD,WFDANDMSPDIRECTIVE

MSFD–MarineStrategyFrameworkDirective(2008/56/EC) MSFD is transposed into domestic legislation by the Law 3983/2011 - GG 144/A/2011. The Greekcompetentauthorityhasalreadyaccomplished:

a) theinitialassessmentoftheenvironmentalstatusofthemarinewaters

b) thedefinitionofGoodEnvironmentalQualityStandards

c) the settingofenvironmental targets andPolicy indicators for achievementofGoodEnvironmentalStatus

d) thesettingofapackageofenvironmentaltargetsandindicatorsforthemarinewatersbasedontheinitialassessmentofitsenvironmentalstatus,bytheMD1175/2012-GG2939/Β/2012.

e) theapprovalofthemonitoringprogramsforthecontinuousassessmentoftheenvironmentalstatusofmarinewatersbytheMD126635/2016-GG3799/Β/2016.

f) the approval of the Greek Program of Measures (GR PoMs) by the MD 142569/2017 - GG4728/B/2017 according to the Article 13 of the MSFD, which includes all necessary measures toachieveormaintainGoodEnvironmental Status inGreece’smarinewaters in accordancewith theenvironmentalobjectivessetoutandtakingintoaccountthetypesofmeasureslistedinAnnexVIoftheDirective.

Thisprogramincludesalsospaceprotectionmeasurestoestablishcoherentandrepresentativenetworksofmarineprotectedareas, taking intoaccountthecorrespondingmeasuresrequiredbyEU legislation, inparticularDirective2000/60/EC,Directive91/271/EECandDirective2006/7/EC.ThepreparationofPoMsisfirstofallbasedonasetofexistingmeasuresalreadyadoptedunderthepolicyof environmentalprotection. Subsequently, basedon theenvironmentalobjectives setout in the "InitialassessmentoftheEnvironmentalStatusofmarinewaters",thenecessaryadditionalmeasureshavebeenincorporated.Themeasuresconcernthe11DescriptorsofGoodEnvironmentalStatus(GES),asmentionedinMSFD.

9JointMinisterialDecision

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Measures2.3.2and5.4.2oftheProgrammesofMeasures(PoMs)havesignificant impactonaquacultureactivities:

• measure 2.3.2 in relation to Descriptor 2: Limiting the introduction of Non-IndigenousSpecies throughaquaculture.Controlor/andprohibitionof theuseofNIS inaquaculturefollowingEuropeanRegulation708/2007;

• measure5.4.2inrelationtoDescriptor5:Planningandimplementationofgoodpracticesinaquacultureinfrastructures.

WFD–WaterFrameworkDirective(2000/60/EC)

InthecontextoftheimplementationoftheWFD,acontinuousevaluationoftheecologicalstatusof246coastalwaterbodiesiscarriedoutthroughmonitoringofbiologicalqualitydata.

Thedistinctionofareasthatareassignedtotheprotectionofaquaticspeciesofeconomic importance inwhich aquaculture units operate has been taken into account in the 1st Revision of theApproved RiverBasinManagementPlansofGreece10(December2017)for14RiverBasinDistricts.

Implementationof theMarine Strategy FrameworkDirective, in conjunctionwith the implementationofthe Water Framework Directive, forms a framework for integrated management and protection of thecountry'swaterresourcesandmarineecosystems.

MSP–MaritimeSpatialPlanningDirective(2014/89/EU) The association between national aquaculture spatial planning and MSP directive is administrativelyfacilitated and further strengthened through the same competent authority, the General Secretariat ofSpatialPlanning&UrbanEnvironmentoftheGreekMinistryofEnvironment&Energy,commonforbothofthem and responsible for planning the aquaculture sector in line with the content of the Europeandirective.

BESTPRACTICES

• Bestpracticesincontrollingdiseases11:hygieneandaquacultureproducts• Establishmentof"zonesforthedevelopmentoforganicaquaculture"12.

• The Special Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Aquaculture whichaimstheestablishmentofAreasofOrganisedAquacultureDevelopment.

• Facilitationandshorteningoflicensingprocedures13.

10(http://wfdver.ypeka.gr/en/consultation-en/1revision-consultation-en/)11www.FAO.org12SpecialFrameworkfortheAquacultureinGreece–Seminar“GoodPracticesinadministrativesimplificationforthepromotion

ofsustainableaquaculture”Brussels.13www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/Greece-Measuring-administrative-burdens-Fisheries

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2.3 CROATIA


FortheAquaculturesector:MinistryofAgriculture,DirectorateofFisheries(serviceforaquaculture).

For theAquaculturespatialplanning:MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning (incooperationwiththerelevantsectorswithinthePhysicalPlanningSystemand,particularly:TheMinistryofAgriculture,theMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergyandtheMinistryoftheSea,TransportandInfrastructure).


• AquacultureAct–OfficialGazette130/17. Aquaculture Act (OG 130/17) sets a framework for implementation EU regulations, and on the nationallevel, it establishes regulations relating to the manner and conditions of aquaculture activities, datacollection,aquaculturemarketandfinancialsupport,keepingtheregisters,monitoring,andinspection,aswellasotherissuesrelevanttoaquaculture.

TheAquacultureActissupportedbyanumberofbylaws,including:

• Ordinance on the criteria of suitability of parts of the maritime domain for fish and other marineorganisms farming - Official Gazette OG 59/12 – determining the criteria for spatial zoning ofmariculture.

• OrdinanceontheLogbookonFarmingofFishandOtherMarineOrganisms-OfficialGazetteOG76/11,52/12,16/13.

• NationalStrategicPlanforAquacultureDevelopment(NSPA)2014-2020(draft,2015)

ThePlanwasprepared,accordinglytotherequirementoftheCommonFisheriesPolicy(COM1380/13)andfollowingtheStrategicGuidelines forSustainableDevelopmentofEUAquaculture (COM2013/0229 final)andmanagedbytheMinistryofAgriculture.StrategicEnvironmentalImpactStudyoftheNationalStrategicPlanforAquacultureDevelopment2014-2020(2014)istheaccompanyingdocumentoftheNSPA.

TheNSPA,CroatianresponsetotheGuidelinesforSustainableDevelopmentofEUAquaculture,introducesspecialprocedures formarine farming sites considering the impactassessmentofmarineaquacultureonthe environment, including a simplified procedure for aquaculture permitting (as shown in best practicefrom Malostonski zaljev where single location permit was issued for entire area). In the domain ofcoordinatedspatialplanning,thedesignationofaquaculturezonesinspatialplanshavebeenemphasised.


Basicactsandregulationsforspatialplanning,includingaquaculture,areasfollows:

• PhysicalPlanningAct-OfficialGazette153/13

• AmendmentstothePhysicalPlanningAct-OfficialGazette65/17

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• OrdinanceontheStatePlanforSpatialDevelopment-OfficialGazette122/15

• OrdinanceontheContent,CartographicScales,ObligatorySpatial IndicatorsandStandardPhysicalPlanStudies-OfficialGazette106/98,39/04,45/04and163/0414

• Ordinance on Assessment of Buildings, Other Interventions in Space and of Areas of State andRegionalSignificance-OfficialGazette37/14,154/14

Allother relevantactsand regulations,primarilyaforementionedaquaculture regulations, are taken intoconsiderationduringintegrativeprocessofspatialplansdraftingandadopting.


ProgramofMeasuresfortheprotectionandmanagementofthemarineenvironmentandthecoastalareaof the Republic of Croatia (OG 97/17), was adopted by the Government by the end of 2017. TheProgramme ofMeasures is the key part of the Strategy for protection andmanagement of themarineenvironmentandthecoastalarea,incorporatingrequirementsofboth,theICZMProtocolandMSFD.TheProgrammeincludesanumberofspecificmeasuresrelatedtomarineaquaculture,mainlyrelatedtoMSFDrequirementsintermsofmitigatingitsimpactsonthemarineenvironment.

Similarly, measures for aquaculture were incorporated in the National Water Management Plan (2016-2021),preparedbasedonrequirementsofWFD.

All Croatian coastal counties, in addition to the land part, address their marine area as well. A goodexample is the Zadar County spatial plan, which defines sea-use zones for protected areas, maritimetransport,portsetc.Inparticular,itidentifiesdifferentmarinezonesformarineaquaculture,whichisoneof themost importantmaritimeactivities forZadarCounty.Thezonationfor themariculture isbasedonthe“StudyontheuseandprotectionoftheseaandseabedinZadarCounty”whosemainobjectivewastoinitiate the ICZM process in the County, and, at the same time, propose zones for different types ofmariculture,basedonsuitabilityassessment.

BESTPRACTICES

• Priority Axis 1 “Blu Innovation”15: Italy-Croatia Cooperation Programme that aims to promoteinvestment in research, innovation and education in all niche sectors where innovation can bepromoted(tourism,creativeindustries,fisheriesandaquaculture).

• Bestpracticesforimplementationofdifferenttypesofaquacultureinthecoastalareas16.• AquaFarm2019Project17

14anewordinanceisbeingdrafted.15http://www.italy-croatia.eu/priority-axis-116http://jadran.izor.hr17http://www.aquafarm.show

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2.4 SLOVENIA


FortheAquaculturesector:MinistryofAgriculture,forestryandfood

FortheAquaculturespatialplanning:MinistryofAgriculture,forestryandfood


• NationalStrategicPlanforFisheriesDevelopmentintheRepublicofSlovenia2014-2020 The plan aims at achieving high level of competitiveness of aquaculture on the domestic and Europeanmarketbyencouragingtheuseofmethodsthatreducethenegativeimpactofaquacultureonenvironmentandthedevelopmentofnewspecieswithgoodmarketingpossibilities.


• WaterAct

TheregulationonthebasisoftheWaterActdefinesthreeareasforproductionofshellfishandoneareaforfish.Theseareascover118ha.Within theareas intended for thecultivationofmarineorganisms,waterrightsaregrantedwithconcessions.


TheNationalStrategicPlanforFisheriesDevelopmenthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewiththerelevantEUlegislation.

BESTPRACTICES• CentreofexcellenceinaquacultureinSlovenia18• AquaFarm2019Project19

18https://www.interregeurope.eu19http://www.aquafarm.show

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3 Coastal and Maritime Tourism

Also,coastal tourism isasectorwithhighpotential for sustainable jobsandgrowth.TheEUCommissionadopted a Communication on "A European Strategy formoreGrowth and Jobs in Coastal andMaritimeTourism" on 20 February 2014, presenting a new strategy to enhance coastal and maritime tourism inEurope in order to unlock the potential of this promising sector. According to COM (2014/86 final),“Integrated Coastal Management and Maritime Spatial Planning help ensure sustainable and GreenInfrastructure development through smart planning and cooperation between government, public andprivate partners.”Have your national tourism plan any provision in this sense? Can you provide any“bestpractice”?

3.1 ITALY

In Italy there is a national strategy related to tourism defined by the “Strategic Tourism Plan”2017-2022.Themainobjectivesoftheplanaretoincreasethecentralcoordinationandsupport,relaunch the Italian Agency for Tourism (ENIT), improve sector supply, develop transportinfrastructuresfortourism,trainingandinvestments.In the framework of the institutional cooperation characterizing the plan, the interventionsconcerning cruise tourism will be coherent with the “Extraordinary Plan for TourismMobility”which is currently under finalization. This plan, among other actions, foresees infrastructuraladjustments to improve tourism mobility through the definition of objectives shared with themainsectoroperatorsandstakeholders.In order to reach those goals, it is important to insist on a positive interaction betweengovernment,regionsandprovincesononesideandthecategoryassociationsontheother,withinthe frameworkof theECcommunication“Europe, theworld'sNo.1 touristdestination–anewpoliticalframeworkfortourisminEurope”20(COM(2010)352final).ThePlanestablishesfourbroadoveralltargets.Eachoveralltargetisdividedintospecifictargets(ThePlanconsiderstheoveralltourismsectorthereforeherebelowweprovideashortsynthesisofspecifictargetstakingintoconsiderationissuesthatareparticularlyrelevantforcoastaltourism).

1) Toinnovate,specializeandintegratethecountry’samenitiescreatingalternativemodesoftravel(e.g.pathsandroads)toreinforceknowledgeofthehistoryandheritagepresentinItaly;boostingtheappealof the Heritage system Unesco World Sites, boosting the appeal of cities of culture; promoting aresponsibleuseofthelandscape,suchasprotectedareasonlandandatsea)• A.1Enhancestrategictouristsitesandtheirrespectiveproductswithanintegratedapproach.The

PST intends to contribute to the development of destinations which, following excessive use,require work to restore the conditions of the environment, landscape, cultural heritage andterritorial resources ingeneral. Inthesedestinations, includingcoastalareaswheretheeffectsofexcessive anthropic pressure must be mitigated, the PST promotes enhancement initiatives, inagreementwith central government, regional and local administrations, extending the supply to

20‘Europe,theworld'sNo.1touristdestination–anewpoliticalframeworkfortourisminEurope’.

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lesserknownareas.Theseasidetourismisaproductinvolvingafull15Italianregions,withatotal7,458Kmofcoastlinedistributedamong651municipalitiesand isalsothemainsourceofsupplyformanyof them. ThePSThighlights that this productmust be enhanced as awhole through anationalpolicyfocusedonitsstructuralredevelopmentandonitsintegrationwithotherterritorialproducts.

• A.2 Enhance emerging tourist destinations with an integrated approach. The PST prioritiseprotectedareasandthelesserknownUNESCOsitestopromoteasustainabletourismmodel.ThePSTenhancealsotheapplicationofthemethodoftheEuropeanCharterforSustainableTourisminProtectedAreas(ECST).

• A.3 Expand, innovate and diversify the supply. The PST outlines that Italian tourist destinationsmust broaden their supply with new “themed” initiatives (e.g. cycle tourism, open air tourism,historicalpaths,roads,cultural,etc.)andnewtouristexperiences.

2) Toboostthetourismsystem’scompetitiveness(InlinewiththeEUSAIRstrategy,thistargetincludesthefollowingprioritiesobjectives: the creationofan integrated tourismsupply characterizedbyproductsand services with a high added value, and also an increase in accessibility, physical mobility andinformation, improve the quality and quantity of employment; simplification of regulations andreductionofbureaucracyandtaxation;rationalizationandsimplificationofaidsystems;)• B.1 Digitize the Italian tourism system. In order to increase sector competitiveness, the Plan

enhanceinvestmentsinthedigitalinfrastructure.• B.2Adapttheinfrastructurenetworktoimproveaccessibilityandintermodality.Theinterventionof

this targetwill bedevelopedaccording to the futureSpecialPlan forTouristMobilityof theMITwhichwillinvolveadaptationoftheinfrastructuretoimprovetouristmobility.Itisalsoplannedtoencourageinter-modality,startingwiththemain“gateways”tothesystemofinternationalflowsofpeople).

• B.3Enhancehospitalityskillsanddevelopknow-howinlinewithmarketdevelopments.• B.4 Develop and distinguish tourism businesses. Develop and distinguish tourism businesses

(encourage cooperation between firms (networks or chains, product clubs, districts) fordevelopmentofasystemicandintegratedsupplyatterritoriallevel.

• B.5Developaregulatoryandorganizationalframeworkthatpromotesdevelopment.

3) Tocreateeffectiveandinnovativemarketing(implementacoordinationapproachtocommunicationoftheItalianbrandasan“umbrellabrand”oftheindividualdestinationsandproducts;prioritiestheuseofon-linetoolstoattractdemand)• C.1StrengthentheItalianbrand’spositioningandattractivenessandfacilitatepromotionmeasures

onthedomesticmarket.• C.2Expandanddiversifydemandandmarkets.Nationalmarketingwillbedividedintothreemarket

categories:maturemarkets (the sourceof a highpercentageof Italian tourism revenues);majormarkets(withanaveragedegreeofimportanceforthecountry);newmarkets(interestingintermsof size/growth prospects and on which Italy currently has a marginal position). The aim of thistarget is torevivematuredestinationsandtosupportdevelopingones,andalsotopromote lessseasonalandmoreinnovativeproductswithgreaterpotentialforgrowth.

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• C.3Strengthenthedigitalizationofpromotionservicesandmarketing.

4) ToachieveefficientandparticipatorygovernanceintheprocessofdraftingandestablishingthePlanandtourismpolicies(StandingCommitteeonTourismPromotioninItaly;Participatoryplatform;Inter-institutionalforums;toolsformonitoringthestateofprogressofthePlanitself).• D.1 Promote integrated and participative management, while constantly updating the Plan and

encouragingoperatorstomakechoiceswithaviewtosustainabilityandinnovation.• D.2ExpandtheinformationandavailabilityofdataontourisminItaly.• D.3Monitorpoliciesandtourismdevelopmentplans.

Eachtargetisdividedalsoinareasofinterventionsincludingspecificactions.

BESTPRACTICES• Governance models for sustainable use of UNESCO sites21, which are subject to greater “tourist

pressure”,includingthroughcreationofanObservatoryfortheItalianUNESCOsites.Thefirstactionwillbe startingaproject tomonitor supply conditions inVeniceand identify solutionswhichmitigate theimpact of tourism in terms of protection and safeguarding of cultural and landscape resources andsustainablemanagementofuse;

• “Rimini Sea Park”22, an intervention involving redevelopment of 15 km of coastline, as a newinternational attraction. This is a physical and spatial transformation based on profound cultural andrelational change of a mature tourist destination and offers a new opportunity to supportredevelopmentofthetouristhospitalitysystem;

• Integrated projects of the regional landscape and territorial plan of puglia: the coastl landscape23:throughclearlydefined interventionson thewaterfrontsof thecities, suburbs,dunes,humidareas,alandscapewithagreatnaturalisticvalue,linksbetweenthecoastandtheinlandareas,softmobility;

• “Tuscany Landscape Plan”24, which also includes measures to protect the dunes and coastline andimposeslimitsonbuildingpermanentstructuresonbeaches,inordertoguaranteeaccessibilityanduseoftheshores;

• STRATUS project25: "Environmental strategies for sustainable tourism" is one of the projects of themaritimeprogrammeFrance-Italy2014-2020bytheEuropeanFundforRegionalDevelopment.(FESR).Theobjectivesoftheprojectare:o Promoting small and medium-sized enterprises that are linked to sustainable tourism in the

territoriesoftheproject.o Increasethesustainabilityofcoastalandmarinetourismthroughtheuseofinnovativetechnologies.o Improvetheplanningandmanagementcapacitiesofbothlocalpublicadministrationsandsmalland

medium-sizedenterprises.

21www.vhcunesco.com22www.riminiturismo.it23https://urbanpromo.it24https://www.interregeurope.eu25http://www.stratusproject.com/

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• Knowledge Resources Guide (KRG)26: conceived within the framework of the “SuVoT” project(Sustainable andVocational Tourism), coofinanced by Interreg III Programmeand coordinatedby theProvinceofRimini.TheKnowledgeResourcesGuideaimstoestablishacommonplatformtomanageinasustainablewayalltheresourcesinthemostdevelopedlocationsfromthetourismpointofviewanddefinebestpracticesinthisfield.

• NECSTouR (Network of European regions for a Sustainable and Competitive Tourism)27: projectpromoted by the Region of Tuscany together with the Spanish Catalunya and the French Provence-Alpes-Coted'Azur.Mainobjectives:o to build a network of relations and consequently develop a platform for the coordination of

developmentandresearchprogramsinfavorofsustainableandcompetitivetourism;o developingmodelsforsocialdialogueandmeasurement;o developmentofinnovativeprojects;o dissemination.

• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgramme2014-201928bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreecetowork together for sustainablegrowth in thevarious regions.Theprojects foreseen in theprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

• BlueMedProject29:SustainableTourismComunity

3.2 GREECE

The institutional framework of tourism in Greece is determined by two basic laws, namely the Law2160/1993(GG118/A/1993)andtheLaw4276/2014(GG155/Α/2014),whichincludesthemainprovisionsregarding the definition of tourism businesses, tourism concepts, and tourism infrastructure, i.e.marinereserves,winetourism,medicaltourism,agritourism.Law4254/2014(GG85/A/2014) includesprovisionsconcerningtheremovalofbarriersontourismactivities.Law4179/2013(GG175/A/2013)introducesnewtypes of tourism investments and simplified licensingprocedures, i.e. accommodation complexes, condohotels, youth hostels, marinas. Law 4146/2013 (GG 90/A/2013) introduces incentives for investing intourismenterprises,emphasizingonalternativeformsoftourism.

Thecompetentauthority forthespatialorganizationoftourism inGreece is theMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergy.Foralmostthreedecadesaftertheintroductionofthefirstspatialplanningbill(law360/76),theRegionalFrameworks forSpatialPlanningandSustainableDevelopment, came into forceasof2003-2004andhavebeenrevisedin2016.TherevisedRegionalFrameworksarecurrentlyonthewaytoenterinto force, lay down strategic provisions for spatial regulation of all sectors, tourism included. They arecomprisedofsetsoftextsand/ordiagramswithwhich:

• Both the role of the region in the international and European spheres, its role at national level andcomparedtootherregionsandtheinterregionalfunctionsithasorcandevelop,aswellasthefactors

26http://www.a21italy.it27http://www.necstour.eu/28https://amare.interreg-med.eu/29https://sustainable-tourism.interreg-med.eu

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influencing the long-term development and spatial structure at the regional level, are recorded andevaluated

• The spatial impact of European, national and regional policies andprograms at the regional level areassessed

• Themainprioritiesandstrategicchoicesfortheintegratedandsustainabledevelopmentofthespaceatthe regional level, whichwill promote its equal integration in thewider international, European andnationalspaceareidentifiedwithafifteen-yearperspective.

In2009theSpecialFrameworkofSpatialPlanningandSustainableDevelopment(SFSPSD)forTourismwasadopted(JointMinisterialDecision24208/2009,GG1138/B/2009),thatregulatesthespatialarrangementofthesectorinnationallevelandattheendof2013therevisedSFSPSDforTourismwasapproved(JointMinisterialDecision67659/2013,GG3155/B/2013).AnewspecialframeworkfortourismiscurrentlybeingdrawnupafterthecancellationofbothSpecialFrameworksofSpatialPlanningforTourism(2009,2013)bytheCouncilofState.

BESTPRACTICES• Cleanseas30: isan initiativethattakescareoftheGreekbeachestryingtoenforcethecriteriaofeco-

sustainability.• MEDASSETGreece31:isanon-profitorganisationactivesince1993inGreece,whichisalsoapartnerof

the United Nations Plan of Action for theMediterranean (UNEP/MAP). It studies and conserves seaturtles and their habitats throughout the Mediterranean. The objectives are scientific research,environmentaleducation,lobbyingandpublicawareness.

• LEONIDIOCLIMBINGPARK32:MunicipalityofNotiaKynouria,aplacewherethereisthemostbeautifulclimbing in Greece Twin Caves. The climbing park has contributed to enhance the geomorphologicalcharacteristicsoftheplacebyincreasingaspecifictypeoftourismallyearround.TheLeonidioclimbingpark covers an area that includes both the sea and themountains and is also frequented during thewinterthankstothewarmclimate.Itisalsolocatedinthevicinityofcountriesthatoffermanyculturalinitiatives.

• Kalymnosislandclimbingpark33:Theexcellentqualityandthediversityoftherocks,thequickandeasyaccesstotheclimbingfields,thedistinctmarkingofthestartingpointsthatleadtotheclimbingfields,theproximityamongthefields,thepathsthatprovidegreatviewoverbeautifulbeachesandthecrystalclear Aegean sea, and of course themild climatic conditions prevailing on the island throughout theyear,setKalymnosanattractionforthousandsofclimbersfromallovertheworld.TheKalymnosRockClimbing Festivalwas organized for the first time10 yearsago. The Festival is gradually establishingitselfontheglobalagendaofclimbingand itattractsmoreandmoreclimbers fromaroundtheworldeveryyear.

• “CleanIslands”project34:aimstokeeptheseaandcoastsofGreekislandsclean.• REWARD35:MunicipalityofHersonissos,

30http://www.medasset.org31http://www.medasset.org32https://27crags.com33http://www.kalymnos-guide.gr/content/rock-climbing?language=en34http://helmepa.gr

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• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgramme2014-201936bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreecetowork together for sustainablegrowth in thevarious regions.Theprojects foreseen in theprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

3.3 CROATIA

TheTourismDevelopmentStrategyoftheRepublicofCroatiauntil2020(OG55/13)wasadoptedin2013,ayear before the "European Strategy for more Growth and Jobs in Coastal and Maritime Tourism" andseveralmonthsbeforeCroatia'smembershipintheEU.Nevertheless,itaimstoensureCroatia'sintegrationinto the consolidated tourismpolicyof theEU. Inparticular, the Strategy recognizes tourismas a sectorwithgrowthandjobpotential,considersthechallengesofcoastalandmaritimetourismandanalysesthedevelopmentofinnovativeproducts.Itidentifieskeyactivitiesoftourismpolicyaimedatstrengtheningtheinstitutional, organizational and human preconditions for improving the competitiveness of Croatiantourismbasedonacommitmenttotheresponsibleandsustainableuseofresources.

Theregional/localmanagementprogrammesaremorefocusedonthethematisationandimprovementoftourist infrastructure, but the lesser approach to sustainablemanagement of beach, coastal andmarineresources.

In addition, the Strategy for development of nautical tourism, for the period of 2009-2019, has beenadopted. It includesanumberofmeasures for improvingthe infrastructureand increasingthecapacitiesfornauticaltourism.Inaddition,itaddressessustainableuseandmanagementofcoastalresources,basedonitscarryingcapacity.

The Spatial Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (OG 106/17) provides the guidelines forsustainabletourismdevelopment,relyingontheprovisionsofthePhysicalPlanningAct(OG153/13,65/17)for sustainable use of spatial resources, and with particular focus on coastal and maritime area in thecontextofintegratedcoastalmanagementandmaritimespatialplanning.

BESTPRACTICES• Thematic action plans for Tourism Development Strategy implementation, such as “Action Plan for

NauticalTourismDevelopment”(2015),“ActionPlanforGreenTourismDevelopment”(2017),“ActionPlanforManagementandPlanningtheSeaBeaches”(2014)

• Thematic programsbased on the TourismDevelopment Strategy and developedby theMinistry oftourism, such as:” Program of encouraging staff education in catering and tourism in 2018 –Scholarshipsand“Programoftourisminfrastructuredevelopmentin2018”

• Dialoguewithwiderangeofstakeholders (scientific,publicbodies,experts),eg“WorkshoponGreenandSustainableDevelopmentofTourism"(2018)

35http://www.hersonissos.gr36https://amare.interreg-med.eu/

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3.4 SLOVENIA

The new Strategy of sustainable growth of Slovenian tourism 2017-2021 includes measures for spatialdevelopment anddevelopment of natural and cultural resourceswhich are structured in several actions(suchasdefinitionofspecialareasfortourismdevelopment,preparationofanationalplanforsustainabletourism,establishmentofa sustainablemodel formanagementof visitors, introductionofmonitoringofvisitors’satisfaction,…).

Thestrategysetsout6keypolicies:1. aneworganisationalstructurewithmacrodestinations;2. institutionalandlegalframework;3. touristinfrastructureandaccommodation;4. humanresourcesinthetourismindustry;5. space,culturalandnaturalheritage;6. smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs).

ThestrategydividesSloveniainto4macro-destinations:1. MediterraneanSlovenia,2. AlpineSlovenia,3. ThermalPannonianSlovenia,4. CentralSlovenia&Ljubljana.

BESTPRACTICES

• LandscapeparkSečoveljskesoline• LandscapeparkStrunjan• CONGRESS"IMPACTTOURISM"37:theobjectivethatistobeachievedtoincreasenationaltourism

is to create a different product, combining innovative experiences with socially beneficialexperiences.Conferenceparticipantswillappreciatetheimportanceofthisexperience,itsbenefits,challengesandmethodologyonhowtoachieveit,andtheworkshopwillalsopresentseveralgoodpractices.

• SLOVENIAGREEN38:TheSlovenianTouristBoardwillawardaprizetosustainabledestinations,thetourism industry and parks, providing certification of "SloveniaGreen",which is awarded to anyplacethathasmetthesustainabilitystandardsrecognizedworldwide.Todate,therearenumerousplaces that are already part of the Slovenia Green Family, which are distinguished by 22destinations,11accommodationsand3parks.

• GREENTEAMBUILDING39:thisprojectwascreatedabovealltolearnhowtoorganiseeventswithapositivesocialimpact.Thistranslatesintocooperationwithlocalpartnersinorganisinginnovativeand funeventsaroundMaribor.All this,ofcourse,mustbe in linewith theguidelineson impacttourism.

37http://www.mgrt.gov.si/38www.slovenia-green.si39http://www.dt-slovenia.com

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4 Renewable Energies

Directive2009/28/EConthepromotionoftheuseofenergyfromrenewablesourcesaimsatpromotingtheestablishment of a national action plan to produce energy from renewable sources and the sharing ofproject and sources among Member States.Which plans and policy instruments are dedicated to therespect of such Directive in your country? How much are they related with MSFD, WFD and MSPdirectives?

4.1 ITALY

TheEuropeanUnionhasadoptedanactionplantoproduceenergyfromrenewablesources,settingtargetstobeachievedby2020:

- Increasingtheshareoftotalenergytobeproducedfromrenewablesources;- Increasingtheshareofenergyfromrenewablesourcesusedintransport.

EachMemberStateshouldadoptaNationalRenewableEnergyActionPlan(NAP),includingstrategiesandmeasures to improve energy efficiency in energy consumptionwith the aim of consolidating the role ofrenewablesourcesinthetransport,electricityandspaceheating/coolingsectors.

ItalyalsoalignedwiththeseDirectivesbyadoptingitsNationalActionPlan(NAP)inJune2010.

In November 2017 the new National Energy Strategy was established, through a joint decree of theMinistryofEconomicDevelopmentandtheMinistryoftheEnvironment.Thisaimstoachieveacentralrolefor energy obtained from renewable sources in the sustainable development of the country; for thisreason, growth targets for 2030 were set that aremuchmore ambitious than those that are currentlyproposedatEUlevel.

The path is also certainly in linewith the 2050 scenario, which foresees a reduction of at least 80% ofemissionscomparedto1990.

Thetargetsfor2030areasfollows:

- improvingcompetitivenessbyreducingthedifferenceinenergypricesandcostscomparedwithotherEuropeancountries;

- Achieving and exceeding environmental and decarbonisation targets through the Europeanparameterssetfor2030incommunicationwiththetargetssetforthefutureatCOP21;

- Improvingsecurityofsupply,whichmustbeincreasinglygreater,andtheflexibilityofenergysystemsandinfrastructures.

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Figure1–Shareofenergyfromrenewablesources,2004and2016–SOURCE:Eurostat

In addition, according to the Blue Growth Strategy, on 20 January 2014, the European Commissionpresented an action plan that aims to support the development of ocean energy (wave, tidal, thalassic-thermalenergyconversionandsalinegradientenergy).

GOVERNINGACTSFORRENEWABLEENERGYSOURCES

- LegislativeDecree n°28 of 3/3/2011,which definesmethods and criteria for realization of expectedmeasuresintheNAP,accordingtoEuropeanDirective2009/28/EC.

- MinisterialDecreeof10/12/2017abouttheNationalEnergyStrategy- Lawn°239of23/8/2004aboutreorganisationofenergysystem- LegislativeDecreen°387of29/12/2003(transposingDirective2001/77/EC)- Decree n°192 of 19/8/2005 and subsequent amendments on the energy performance of buildings,

amended by Legislative Decree 63 of 4/6/2013 and converted into Law n°90 of 3/8/2013 with theprovisionstransposingDirectiveof2010/31/EU


Thenational laws and the respective EnergyPlans are very compatiblewith theMarine Spatial PlanningdirectiveandMarineStrategyFrameworkdirective.

BlueGrowth isa long-termstrategy forsustainablemaritimegrowthandcannotbedissociated fromtheMSP.

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BESTPRACTICES

• GestAlpNaturalCompany°40:biomassproductionfromsustainableforestry• Integrated Ecological Pole - Acea Pinerolese Industriale SpA°: Plant for the recovery of

biodegradablemunicipalwasteandcompost• Photovoltaic system on the Brenner motorway°: production of solar energy with photovoltaic

noisebarrier.• Crovianageothermalplant°:geothermalenergyfortheremittanceoflocalpublictransport• Mydroelectric power station on the Ghega Malga stream°: to produce hydropower while

preservingthenaturalAlpinelandscape.• E-WERK PRAD41: 100% renewable energy from a mix of sustainable energy sources: solar,

hydroelectric,biomass,biogasandgeothermal(PratoalloStelvio,ValVenosta)• IUSES(intelligentuseofenergyatschool)project42:theprojectprovidesforthepromotionofan

intelligentuseofenergysources.• "Ener in Town"project43: is a project in which public administrations promote actions aimed at

savingenergy.• GEO.POWERProject44: theprojectaimstodevelopanactionplanforeachregion involvedbased

ontheapplicationoflow-enthalpygeothermalenergyonalargescalethroughasetofregulatory,economic and technical proposals that aim to be included in the regional operational plans toachievelong-terminvestment.Theprojectpartnersare:Bulgaria,Hungary,Greece,Italy,Sweden,Estonia,GreatBritainandBelgium.

• SDH take-off Solar District Heating Take-off in Europe*45: is a project co-financed by the"Intelligent Energy Europe" programme where the Italian partners are Ambiente Italia and theItalian Association of Urban Heating. The project involves the analysis ofmarket conditions andbarriersthatcanbecreatedforthespreadofsolardistrictheating.

• REPOWERMAP*:aEuropeanmapforpromotingrenewableenergiesandenergyefficiencyEC-IEE/2012-2014.

• SDHplus*:NewBusinessOpportunitiesforSolarDistrictHeatingandCoolingEC-IEE/2012-2014.Theprojectpromotestheuseofsolarthermalenergyinexistingandnewdistrictheatingnetworks.

• UrbanSolPlus*:SolarthermalinmajorrenovationsandprotectedurbanareasEC-IEE/2011-2014.The project has the Provinces of Benevento and Pescara as Italian partners, but also foreignresearch institutes inGermany,Portugal,Poland,SloveniaandSpain.Theaimof theproject is toincreasetheuseofsolarthermalenergyintherenovationofthecentralareasofcitiesbyreducingadministrativeandnon-technologicalbarriersthatcanhinderitsspread.

40Allprojectsmarkedwithan°areillustratedonthewebsitehttp://www.alpconv.org41www.e-werk-prad.it42https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/iuses43https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/sites/ieeprojects/files/projects/documents/enerintown_project_summary_en44https://www.researchgate.net45Allprojectsmarkedwithanasteriskareillustratedonthewebsitehttps://www.ambienteitalia.it

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• SUNSTORE4*: Innovative, multi-applicable-cost efficient hybrid solar (55%) and biomass energy(45%) largescale (district)heatingsystemwith long termheat storageandorganicRankinecycleelectricityproductionEC-FP7/2010-2014.

• ESDII*:EuropeanSolarDaysIIEC-IEE/2010-2013.ThiscampaignispromotedatEuropeanlevelbyAustria,France,Germany,Italy,theNetherlands,Portugal,Slovenia,SpainandSwitzerland,throughtheproposalofmorethan100initiativesaimedatraisingpublicawarenessoftheuseofcleanandrenewableenergy.

• CH2OICE*:Certification forHydrO: ImprovingCleanEnergyEC-IEE /2008-2011.Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodefineandtestamethodologyforlabellinghydropowerproductiontothehighestenvironmental standards. This methodology must comply with the requirements of the WaterFramework Directive and be fully integrated with existing Community instruments such as theEcolabel,EMAS,EIAandSEA.

• ProStoProject*:BestpractiesimplemetationofSolarThermalObligationsEC-IEE/2008-2010.Theproject aims to develop regulations that provide for the obligation to use solar thermal in theirbuildingregulations.

• PIERProject46: integrated renewableenergyplatform is a smart informationplatform thatoffersmany solutions to ensure propermanagement of renewable energy plants throughout their lifecycle:development,valorisationandmanagement.

• FIESTAProject47:FamiliesIntelligentEnergySavingTargetedActionisaprojectcoordinatedbyAREAScience Park and funded by the IEE program, which aims to encourage the reduction ofconsumptionandenergyexpenditureofhouseholds through theproposalof severalactions thatpromotethetransitiontoagreeneconomy.

• Recharge.Green48: Balancing Alpine Energy andNature. The project aims to promote the use ofrenewableenergy in theAlpine regionand thusensurea sustainableuseof land,preserving thebiodiversityandsoiloftheAlps.TheprojectpartnercountriesareAustria,Italy,France,Germany,SloveniaandSwitzerland.

• MountEEProject49:SustainableBuildinginMountainRegionsprojectaimstosupportmunicipalitiesinSweden,theAlpsandthePyreneesbyhelpingthemachievetheirenergygoals.Therefore,pilotprojects have been initiated to construct/restructure 35 public buildings in six regions in asustainableandenergy-efficientway.

• Patres Project50: PublicAdministrationTrainingandcoachingonRenewableEnergySystems.Theprojectpartnercountriesare:Austria,Croatia,Estonia, Italy,CzechRepublic,RomaniaandSpain.The project aims to provide local authorities and housing management with all the supportnecessarytointroducetheuseofrenewableenergyintheconstructionofbothpublicandprivatebuildings.

• EU-MERCI51projectseekstopromotetheapplicationofenergyefficiencysystemsinmanufacturingindustrysectorsbyselectingbesttechnologicalpracticesandpolicies.

46http://www.cittadellascienza.it47http://www.fiesta-audit.eu48http://www.recharge-green.eu49http://www.mountee.eu50http://www.patres.net51http://www.eumerci.eu/

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• Ravenna Green Port52 and Clean Port are projects dealingwith the identification of sustainabledevelopment actions in ports by designing innovation strategies based on the use of RES,sustainablemobilityandacirculareconomy.

• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgram2014-201953bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreeceto work together for sustainable growth in the various regions. The projects foreseen in theprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

• PRISMI (Promoting RES Integration for Smart Mediterranean Islands)54 project, funded bytheEuropeanCommunityunderthe“InterregMed2014-2020”.

• IEEN program55 (industrial energy efficiency network) guides industrial enterprises towards anapproach to the use of new energy through the implementation of selected energy efficiencyprograms.

4.2 GREECE


GreecehasfullyadoptedtheEuropeandirectivesintothenationalinstitutionalframework:

• Law 3468/2006 “Production of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources andCogeneration of Electricity and High Efficiency Heat and other provisions” - GG129/A/2006,asamendedbyLaw4546/2018–GG101/A/2018.

• Law 3851/2010 “Accelerating the development of Renewable Energy Sources for thecontainment of Climate Change and other provisions in matters of competence of theMinistryofEnvironment,EnergyandClimatechange”–GG85/A/2010.

• NationalRenewableEnergyActionPlan,inthescopeofdirective2009/28/EC

• Special Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for the RenewableEnergySourcesand theaccompanyingStrategicEnvironmental ImpactAssessment study(GG2464/Β/2008)”.

• Law4062/2012“ExploitationofformerGreekAirport-SUNprogram-Promotingtheuseofenergyfromrenewablesources(TranspositionofDirective2009/28/EC)-Sustainabilitycriteria for biofuels and bioliquids (Transposition of Directive 2009/30/EC).” - GG70/A/2012asamendedbyLaw4546/2018–GG101/A/2018.

52www.ravennagreenport.com53https://amare.interreg-med.eu/54https://prismi.interreg-med.eu/55https://ipeec.org

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• Law 4203/2013 “Arrangements of topicson Renewable Energy.Sourcesand otherprovisions“-GG235/A/2013.

• Law4254/2014“MeasuresforthesupportanddevelopmentoftheGreekEconomyinthescopeofLaw4046/2012 andotherprovisions”-GG85/A/2014.

• Law 4414/2016 “New Support Scheme of Renewable Energy and CHP Plants- ProvisionsconcerningtheLegalandAdministrativeUnbundlingofNaturalGasSupplyandDistributionandMiscellaneousProvisions-GG149/A/2016.

• Law4315/2018“EnergyCommunitiesandotherprovisions”-GG9/A/2018.


ThenationallawsandtherespectivespatialplansareverycompatiblewiththeMaritimeSpatialPlanningdirectiveandMaritimeStrategyFrameworkdirective.

BESTPRACTICES

• FZSONICK56: company developing new technologies for the storage of energy from renewablesources.

• TilosIslandprogram57:aimsatcoveringatthemaximumpossibleleveltheenergydemandoftheisland,throughaninnovativehybridenergyproductionandstoragesystem,exclusivelypoweredbyrenewableenergysources.Withthe implementationof theTILOSprogram,the islandwillbethefirst non-interconnected autonomous “green” energy island in theMediterranean. Its innovationgoesbeyondEuropeanborders,sincethisisthefirsttimeasmart,islandmicro-gridsystem,basedonrenewableenergyandbatterieswillbeconstructed.Hybridsolutions likeTILOScouldbecomean exemplary case study for other islands that are not connected to themain gird, providing aviablephase-outalternativefrompollutingandexpensiveoilthatburdensGreekcitizenswithmorethan700millioneurosperyear.

• GEO.POWERProject58: theprojectaimstodevelopanactionplanforeachregion involvedbasedontheapplicationoflow-enthalpygeothermalenergyonalargescalethroughasetofregulatory,economic and technical proposals that aim to be included in the regional operational plans toachievelong-terminvestment.Theprojectpartnersare:Bulgaria,Hungary,Greece,Italy,Sweden,Estonia,GreatBritainandBelgium.

• WindparksinGreece59:locatedinsouthmainlandGreece,southEvia,PeloponnesusandThrace.56www.fzsonick.com57TILOSprogramisfundedbyHorizon2020.Theprogramhas13partnersfrom7Europeancountries,ledbytheresearchteamofSoftEnergyApplications&EnvironmentalProtectionLaboratory(PiraeusUniversityofAppliedSciences-PUAS),togetherwiththeHellenicElectricityDistributionNetworkOperator (HEDNO),WWFGreeceandEunice,apioneer in renewableenergyprojects inGreece.(Source:http://www.wwf.gr/en/sustainable-economy/clean-energy/tilos)58https://www.researchgate.net59http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com

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• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgram2014-201960bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreeceto work together for sustainable growth in the various regions. The projects foreseen in theprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

4.3 CROATIA


• ActonRenewableEnergySourcesandHighlyEffectiveCogeneration(OG100/15,123/16,131/17)• StrategicframeworkthroughEnergyStrategyoftheRepublicofCroatia(OG130/09)–newstrategy

isindevelopment• NationalActionPlanforrenewableenergysourcesuntil2020(adoptedin2013)

RELATIONWITHMSFD,WFDANDMSPDIRECTIVES

The Act on Renewable Energy Sources and Highly Effective Cogeneration (OG 100/15, 123/16), beingalignedwiththeactsonnatureandenvironmentprotection,protectionandpreservationofculturalgoods,state aid, spatial planning, construction, electricity market, concession, maritime domain, watermanagement, economicactivities,property rights andother relatedacts, is indirectly relatedwithMSFDandWFD.

TheNationalActionPlanforrenewableenergysourcesuntil2020,beingalignedwiththeEnvironmentalProtection Act (OG 80/13, 153/13, 78/15, 12/18) which is directly related toMSFD andWFD, andwithPhysicalPlanningAct(OG153/13,65/17)whichisdirectlyrelatedtoMSPDirective,iscoherentwiththeEUdirectives.

BESTPRACTICES

• City of Osijek and City of Velika Gorica61: cities involved in events dedicated to Cool Heatingprocessesforthestart-upofnewprojects

• AuctionsforRenewableEnergySupport(AURES)project62.• Patres63Project: PublicAdministration Training and coachingonRenewable Energy Systems. The

projectpartnercountriesare:Austria,Croatia,Estonia, Italy,CzechRepublic,RomaniaandSpain.

60https://amare.interreg-med.eu/61http://www.odraz.hr62http://auresproject.eu/63http://www.patres.net

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The project aims to provide local authorities and housing management with all the supportnecessarytointroducetheuseofrenewableenergyintheconstructionofbothpublicandprivatebuildings.

• BIORESandBioVillprojects64 carriedoutunderHorizon2020,aim to increase theuseofenergygeneratedfrombiomass.

4.4 SLOVENIA


• Actionplanforrenewableenergysources(until2020)


• NoapprovedMarineSpatialPlans• Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure Slovenian

marinearealisnotusedfortheproductionofrenewableenergy,withtheexceptionoftheuseofwaterforheatextraction

BESTPRACTICES

• Hydroelectric plants on the Soča river65: Plan for the extension and restructuring of anenvironmentallyfriendlyhydroelectricsystem.

• ENERGETIKAPROJEKTVransko66:districtheatingwithacombinedsystemofwoodybiomassandsolarenergy.

• UrbanSolPlus*:Solarthermal inmajorrenovationsandprotectedurbanareasEC-IEE/2011-2014.The project has the Provinces of Benevento and Pescara as Italian partners, but also foreignresearch institutes inGermany,Portugal,Poland,SloveniaandSpain.Theaimof theproject is toincreasetheuseofsolarthermalenergyintherenovationofthecentralareasofcitiesbyreducingadministrativeandnon-technologicalbarriersthatcanhinderitsspread.

• ESDII*:EuropeanSolarDaysIIEC-IEE/2010-2013.ThiscampaignispromotedatEuropeanlevelbyAustria,France,Germany,Italy,theNetherlands,Portugal,Slovenia,SpainandSwitzerland,throughtheproposalofmorethan100initiativesaimedatraisingpublicawarenessoftheuseofcleanandrenewableenergy.

• Recharge.Green67–BalancingAlpineEnergyandNature.Theprojectaims topromote theuseofrenewableenergy in theAlpine regionand thusensurea sustainableuseof land,preserving the

64http://www.biovill.eu65http://www.rudis.si66http://www.energetika-projekt.eu67http://www.recharge-green.eu

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biodiversityandsoiloftheAlps.TheprojectpartnercountriesareAustria,Italy,France,Germany,SloveniaandSwitzerland.

• Green Capital Project68: in 2016 Ljubljanawon the award as the green capital of Europe for itscommitment to sustainable urban development. The Slovenian capital has proved to be a greatattractioninthecutting-edgesectorofthegreeneconomy.

68https://ec.europa.eu

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5 Fishery

The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) represents the rules to manage the fishery activities in Europe, bymanaging European fishing fleets and for conserving fish stocks. Such rules are fundamental in order tocontrast overfishing and over exploitation of fish resources. MSP Directive aims to contribute to all theexisting policies related to each specific sectorial activity. Which plans and policy instruments arededicatedtotherespectofsuchrulesinyourcountry?HowmucharetheyrelatedwithMSFD,WFDandMSPdirectives?

5.1 ITALY

GOVERNINGACTSFORFISHERIESACTIVITIES

- Lawn.164(05/21/1998),Measuresonoffisheriesandaquaculture;- Legislative Decree n°226 (05/18/2001), Guidance and modernization of the fisheries and aquaculturesectors,pursuanttoArticle7ofLawn°57(03/05/2001);

- LegislativeDecreen°154(05/26/2004),Modernizationofthefisheriesandaquaculturesectors;- Legislative Decree n°4 (09/01/2012), Measures for the Reorganization of Fisheries and AquacultureRegulationswhich,however,doesnotconstitutethesinglelegaltextforeseenfortheaquaculturesectorreferredtoinart.28/boftheLawn°96(06/04/2010);

- Some"Measures for theReorganizationofFisheriesandAquacultureRegulations"arecontained in theLegislativeDecreeof09.01.2012,n°4,whichtransposesActn°04.06.2010n°96.


Within theMarine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, EC/2008/58), transposed in Italy by LegislativeDecreen°190(10/13/2010),MemberStateshavetoreachtheprescribedGoodEnvironmentalStatus(GES)by2020.TheCommissionDecision(2010/477/EU),transposedbyDecreen°261(11/10/2014),clarifiedthecriteria and methodological standards to be used for the evaluation of the GES, establishing possibleindicatorsanddefiningthedescriptorsofgoodenvironmentalstatus.Amongthem,Descriptor3requiresthat all populations of commercially exploited fishes andmolluscs should remainwithin biologically safelimits. This implies that stocks of all commercial specieswill have to bemaintained under sustainabilitylevels,withanadequatereproductivecapacityfortheirregenerationandapopulationstructureindicativeofgoodhealthby2020.

According to theNational Triennial Programme,MaritimeSpatial Planning isoneof themain tools for anewapproachtofisheriesmanagement,overcomingthehistorical lackoftoolsfortheevaluationoffleetactivitiesandabletocombinedatafromVesselMonitoringSystem(VMS)andAIS(AutomaticIdentificationSystem)inspaceandtime.Remotesensing,GIS,andgeo-statisticalanalysismodelsmayrepresentasetof

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toolsabletoassessneedsandplanfisheriesmanagementmeasures,startingfromathoroughknowledgeofrealexploitedareasandstocksandofthefluctuationsincatchingactivitiesovertime.

BESTPRACTICES

• Nieddittasproject69:diversificationoffishingactivitiesproject• DORYProject70:CapitalizationactionsforaDriaticmarineenvirOnmentpRotectionandecosYstem-

basedmanagement.• TrafoonProject71:traditionalfoodnetworktosupportandimprovetraditionalfoodproducing.• The10X20 Initiative72 is an initiative that aims todevelop a global networkofmarineprotected

areas(MPAs).Thisisinordertoachievetheobjectiveofconserving10%ofbiodiversity.Inaddition,this network should allow fishing activities to regenerate in a sea where overfishing currentlyprevails,withtheconsequentdepletionofmarinefauna.

• Three-year project for the Protected Marine Area of the Egadi Islands73: it concerns thepositioningofenvironmentallyfriendlymodulesandtheinstallationof20bollardstoreduceillegaltrawlingunderthecoast.

• Project Bycatch74 is an initiative aimed at finding measures against the incidental capture ofvulnerable species in protected areas of theMediterranean. The aim is to reduce the impact offishingformarinemammals,birds,turtlesandelasmobranchs.

• The FishMPABlue175 project analyzed small-scale fishing within protected areas and identifiedcriticalitiesandpotentialimprovementsthroughaninnovativesetofgovernmenttools.

• FishMPABlue276Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjectivetheplanningof regulatorymeasures for sustainable fisheries guidedby theblueeconomy in theprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.

• FishForwardsProject77:fishthatissustainablefortheenvironment,forpeopleandfordevelopingcountries.

5.2 GREECE


GreeceimplementstherulessetintheCommonFisheriesPolicy(CFP)byimprovingandsupplyingscientificknowledge for fisheriescollectionandmanagementdataand forsupporting fisheriesmonitoring,controlandenforcement.CurrentlythefishingcapacityoftheGreekfleetdoesnotexceedthemaximumcapacitylimitsasdefinedinAnnexIIofReg.(EU)1380/2013(84.123GTand469.061KW).

69https://www.nieddittas.it/it/2018/06/nieddittas-best-practices-med-sea/70http://www.ismar.cnr.it71https://www.trafoon.eu/72https://italyun.esteri.it73http://www.enea.it/it/seguici/pubblicazioni/pdf-eai/n-4-luglio-agosto-2015/marine-protected-area-egadi-islands74http://www.rac-spa.org/bycatch_pr75http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue76https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/77https://www.fishforward.eu/it/fish-forward-project

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Beside the Community law there is a variety of nationalmeasures aiming at regulating fishing effort inconjunction with appropriate technical measures, which include minimum landing size of commercialspecies,meshsizeregulations,closedareasandseasons,andminimumdepthsanddistances fromshoreforfishing.Greecehasadoptedseveralnationalmeasuresformanagingfishingeffort.

• RoyalDecree666/66“Aboutauthorizationforfishingvessels”GG160/Α/1966.

• LegislativeDecree(LD)420/70“FishingCode”-GG27/Α/1970asamendedbyLaw1740/1987–GG221/Α/1987,Law2040/1992–GG70/Α/1992,Law2503/1997–GG107/A/1997,Law2647/1998–GG237/A/1998,Law4235/2014–GG32/A/2014andLaw4492/2017-GG156/A/2017.

• PresidentialDecree40/1993“Prohibitionofthedrift-netfishery”GG14/A/1993.

• MD167378/2007,“DesignationofmarineareaswithseagrassbedsofPosidoniaOceanica,withinwhichfishingwithtowedgearisprohibited”GG241/D/2007.

• MD4023/64557/2014,«Establishmentofterms,conditions,supportingdocumentsandprocedurefortheauthorizationsoffishinglicensesforvessels"GG1307/Β/2014.

• MD3866/78486/2015,“ComplementarymeasuresfortheimplementationoftheEUprovisionsofpointsystemforseriousinfringementsinthefisherysector"GG1587/Β/2015.

• MD5632/104626/2015“Termsandconditionsforfishingactivitiesofhighlymigratoryspeciesoftuna(ThunnusthynnusBFT),yellowfintuna(ThunnusalalungaALB)andswordfish(XiphiasgladiusSWO)GG2151/B/2015,asamendedbytheMD6718/146057/2016-GG4348/B/2016”

• MD2287/40083/2015, “Complementarymeasures for the implementation of EU provisions ofthecommunitycontrolsystemfortheproperandsmoothfunctioningofanintegratedsystemformonitoring and recording of fishing activities and for the submission of data from fishery sectorcompanies”GG695/B’/2015).

• MD 2442/51879/2016, “Designation of marine areas beyond the Natura 2000 network, withseagrass beds of Posidonia Oceanica in particular, within which fishing with specific gear isprohibited”GG118/D/2016asamendedbyDecision2826/68784/2017-GG175/D/2017

• There isaplethoraofspatio-temporalprohibitions,pergearandpergeographicareas,aimingtoprotectinfant/reproductiveareasandsensitiveecosystems.

The organizational structure of control services, part of the action plan started in 2011, is continuouslyupdated in order tomaintain a constant compliancewith the requirements of the revised CFP and thefisheriescontrolprovisions(CouncilRegulation(EC)1224/2009).Thecontrolservices includethenationalsystemofsanctionsandthepromotionoftheapplicationofnewtechnologies.


The Operational Programme (OP) “Fisheries and Maritime 2014-2020” directly addresses the need forprotectionandrehabilitationofthemarineenvironmentandits livingresources.Actually,theOPaimstopromoteinterventionsnecessaryforpromotingtheblueeconomyandstrengtheningtheimplementationof the IMP, and especially, actions that will help achieve the objectives of the Integrated Maritime

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Surveillance (IMS) by developing the Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE) for marine andmaritimedata.

BESTPRACTICES

• FisheriesObservatory78–ActionagainstIUUFisheries;• Creationofthefirstco-managedFisheriesProtectedArea(FPA)79;• Fish4Life80:GuideforSustainableSeafoodConsumptioninGreece.• TrafoonProject81:traditionalfoodnetworktosupportandimprovetraditionalfoodproducing.• ProjectBycatch82isaninitiativeaimedatfindingmeasuresagainsttheincidentalcaptureofvulnerable

speciesinprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.Theaimistoreducetheimpactoffishingformarinemammals,birds,turtlesandelasmobranchs.


• FishMPABlue284Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjectivetheplanningofregulatorymeasuresforsustainablefisheriesguidedbytheblueeconomyintheprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.

• Fish Forwards Project85: fish that is sustainable for the environment, for people and for developingcountries.

5.3 CROATIA


• MarineFisheriesAct(OG62/17,130/17)regulatestheimplementationoftheCommonFisheryPolicy• ActontheStructuralSupportandRegulationofMarketsinFisheries(OG153/09,127/10).

Indirectly:

• MaritimeCode(OG181/04,76/07,14.6/08,61/11,56/13,26/15)• ProgrammeofMeasuresforMarineEnvironmentandCoastalAreasoftheRepublicofCroatia(2017),

includingaseriesofimplementingregulationsconnectedtospecificissues.

78https://ec.europa.eu79http://archipelago.gr80http://archipelago.gr/en/fish4life-en/81https://www.trafoon.eu/82http://www.rac-spa.org/bycatch_pr83http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue84https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/85https://www.fishforward.eu/it/fish-forward-project

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The Marine Fisheries Act (OG 62/17. 130/17) is indirectly related with MSFD and WFD through theEnvironmentalProtectionAct(OG80/13,OG153/13,OG78/15)asforthetwonationalactsarealigned.

TheManagementStrategyforMarineEnvironmentandCoastalAreasoftheRepublicofCroatia(2017) isdirectlyalignedwithMSFDandWFD,andindirectlywithMSPDirectiveasfarasoneofitsobjectivesistoestablish a harmonizedmonitoring system for coastal andmarine ecosystems and processes, aswell asmonitoringthestatusoffishstocks.

BESTPRACTICES

• DORYProject86:CapitalizationactionsforaDriaticmarineenvirOnmentpRotectionandecosYstem-basedmanagement.

• AquaFarm2019Project87• TheFishMPABlue188projectanalysedsmall-scalefishingwithinMediterraneanprotectedareasand

identifiedcriticalitiesandpotentialimprovementsthroughaninnovativesetofgovernmenttools.• FishMPABlue289Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjective

theplanningof regulatorymeasures for sustainable fisheries guidedby theblueeconomy in theprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.


5.4 SLOVENIA

Fishing isundertaken inthreefishingzones intheSloveniansea,withrestrictions inProtectedAreas (eg.Lanscape parks Strunjan and Sečovlje, National monument Debeli rtič, and reserves such as Škocjanskizatok,Fiesalakes,andMadonapeninsula)andprohibitioninfishingreserves(PortorožandStrunjan).

Regulation on determination of area of the sea of Republic of Slovenia for fishing (OJ RS, No. 24/05),determines fishing zones A, B, and C. Fishing zone A represents internal marine waters of Sloveniaextending between peninsulas Madona and Savudrija. Fishing zone B represents Slovenian territorialwaters.FishingzoneC includestheProtectedecologicalzoneoftheRepublicofSloveniaandtheareaofAdriaticopensea.Additionally,itisprohibitedtouseseafloornets3nmfromthecoast.


86www.msp-platform.eu87http://www.aquafarm.show88http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue89https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/90https://www.fishforward.eu/it/fish-forward-project

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OperationalProgramfortheimplementationoftheEuropeanmaritimeandficheriesfundintheRepublicofSloveniafortheperiod2014-2020.


InSlovenia,maritimespatialplanninghasnotyetbeenestablishedappropriately,althoughtheconditionsexist,asstatedintheprevioussection.TheSpatialPlanningAct(OfficialGazetteoftheRepublicofSlovenia,No.33/2007)doesnotexplicitlyaddressthemaritimespatialplanning.However,itcanalsobeappliedinthis area of spatial planning, as is also clear from the subordinate Decree laying down that spatialarrangements on the offshore area also belong to the spatial arrangements important for the spatialdevelopmentoftheRepublicofSlovenia.

BESTPRACTICES

• AquaFarm2019Project91• TrafoonProject92:traditionalfoodnetworktosupportandimprovetraditionalfoodproducing.• The FishMPABlue193 project analyzed small-scale fishing within protected areas and identified

criticalitiesandpotentialimprovementsthroughaninnovativesetofgovernmenttools.• FishMPABlue294Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjective



91http://www.aquafarm.show92https://www.trafoon.eu/93http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue94https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/95https://www.fishforward.eu/it/fish-forward-project

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6 Cross-implementation of “sea-related” EC directives

How the issue of the coordination among themanaging plans (or plan of measures) required by theseDirectives,WFD(2000/60/EC),MSFD(2008/56/EC),Flooding(2007/60/EC),hasbeenposed/solvedinyourcountry? Are these coordination initiatives ready to accommodate/to consider Maritime Plans? Whichfurtherinitiativescouldbeenvisaged?

6.1 ITALY

Integration is an essential feature of MSP that characterises the elements of this plan and can havedifferentmeanings:

- integrationofenvironmental,social,economicandgovernancedimensions:findingsolutionsthatcanmeetsustainabilityobjectives;

- integrationbetweensectors,whichallowsgoingbeyondsectoralpolicies,plansandinstrumentsandalsoplanningmeasurestoensuretheunevenuseofthesea;

- cooperation between administrations and technical authorities in coordinating and integratingsectoralpoliciesandplans;

- integration of land and maritime spatial planning with a view to agreeing on common parts andinteractingaccordingtosocio-economicandecologicalprocesses

TheMSFDistheenvironmentalpillaroftheIMP(IntegratedMaritimePolicy).ItobligesMemberStatestoachieve good environmental status in their marine areas by 2020 in order to protect the resources onwhich all economic and social activities linked to the sea are based. The Directive stipulates that themeasurestobetakenbytheMemberStatestomeettheobjectivessetareasfollows:

• space-basedprotection,• controlsofterritorialandtemporaldistribution• managementcoordination.

MSP can be a very important tool to enable all Member States to support many aspects of theimplementationoftheMSFD,especiallywithregardtothecross-bordercoordinationofmarinestrategies.Indeed,bothMSPandMSFDdependontherobustnessofdataandknowledge.

6.2 GREECE

The WFD (2000/60/EC) (amended by Directive 2008/32/EC), the MSFD (2008/56/EC) and the FloodsDirective(2007/60/EC)constitutethepillarsoftheGreeklegislationoftheenvironmentalpolicyconcerningwater management. The Competent Authority responsible for their implementation is the SpecialSecretariatforWateroftheMinistryofEnvironment&Energy,whereastheGeneralSecretariatofSpatialPlanning & Urban Environment of the same Ministry is responsible for the implementation of MSPdirective, and the relative Law 4546/2018 Government Gazette A/101/2018. In theaforementioned lawtheMSFD is taken into considerationas regards thewayMSP implementation

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shouldconsideranymanagementplansandprogrammesthatderivefromtheimplementationofexistinglegislation, referring to Law 3983/2011. In addition,MSP implementation should definitely consider theresults of the Floods Directive and the Flood Risk Management Plans that have been produced in itsframeworkaswellastheManagementplansastheyhavebeenrevisedintheframeworkoftheWFD.

6.3 CROATIA

TheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective(MSFD),theWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)andtheMaritimeSpatialPlanningdirective(MSP)areallwellintegratedintoCroatianstrategicandlegalframeworkandarereadytoaccommodate/toconsidermaritimespatialplans.Moreover,giventheidentifiedneedforclearerand more structured cross-sectoral cooperation within the marine environment and coastal areamanagement framework, the government of the Republic of Croatia has appointed the CoordinationCommittee,composedofresponsibleministers,andNationalExpertBoard,composedbyrepresentativesof all the relevant bodies operating in the sector96. The named bodies have the duty to prepare andimplement relevantdocuments in the frameworkof“ManagementStrategy forMarineEnvironmentandCoastalAreasoftheRepublicofCroatia”,thuscontributingtotheimplementationoftheabove-mentioneddirectivesand ICZMProtocol.Within theseactivities, theProgrammeofMeasures for theprotectionandmanagementofthemarineenvironmentandthecoastalareaoftheRepublicofCroatiawasdevelopedandhasbeenadoptedbytheGovernmentinSeptember2017.

AsforMSP,allrelevantsectorsare involved intheprocessofdevelopingspatialplans,which includethemaritimeareainCroatia,andallcorrespondingregulationsaretakenconsidered.

6.4 SLOVENIA

IntheRepublicofSlovenia,thecoordinationbetweenMSFDandWFDplanningprocesseswasgoinghandinhandtoachievegreaterefficiencyofbothprocesses(tonot«reinventthewheel»)andoftenthesameinstitutionswere involved in both processes,whichmade the coordination easier also for very practicalreasons. Coordination with planning processes according to the Flooding directive was however notintense.

Similarly,coordinationwithMSPprocessescouldbe improved.Actually, theMinistryof theEnvironmentandSpatialPlanning,DirectorateforSpatialPlanning,ConstructionandHousinghasestablishedaninformalcoordinationgroupcomposedbymembersofallsectorsrelatedtomarine/maritimeissues,activeduringthe implementation of some projects (Adriplan, Shape), that will be upgraded and formalized for thepurposesofpreparationofMSP.

96TheexpertsoftheBoardwereappointedbytherespectiveinstitutionsandhavebeenapprovedbytheGovernment.

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7 Protected areas

The Protocol on Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity in the Mediterranean states that Countrieswhichhavesigned theConvention for theProtectionof theMarineEnvironmentand theMediterraneanCoastal Region (Barcelona Convention), must establish Special Protected Areas of MediterraneanImportance(SPAMI),topromoteintegratedmanagementfortheconservationofnaturalareasandfortheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitats.

Inparticular,AnnexIoftheProtocoldefinesthecriteriafortheestablishmentofSPAMI,whichcanbebothinmarineandcoastalareasthatbelongtoacountry,andinareaslocatedinpartortotallyinthehighseas.thesesitesareusuallyimportantforthehighdegreeofbiodiversity,fortheparticularityofthehabitat,forthe presence of rare species and endangered or interesting from the scientific, aesthetic, cultural oreducationalpointofview.

ThenumberofMPAsMarineProtectedAreas in theMediterraneanSeaand inparticular in theAdriatic-Ionianmacro-region is considered too little. One of the EUSAIR target is the increase of the number ofMPAs.However,thereareotherdesignationorientedtonaturalresourcesconservation(Natura2000SPA-Special Protection Areas,Natura2000 SCI - Sites of community Importance, SPAMI - Specially ProtectedAreas of Mediterranean Importance, FRA - Fishery Restricted Areas, EBSA - Ecological or BiologicalSignificantMarineAreas,etc).InthecountriesparticipatingtoSUPREME,alsothenumberofNatura2000sites in the coastal zonesandon the sea ismuch lower than thenumberof sites in the land.Howyourcountryintendstocontribute(ifany)tothetargetofincrementingthesefigures?Istherethepossibilityofanintegratedpolicyforconsideringthenatureprotectionneedsinthecoastalstrip,extendedtothesea inthefrontof it?Canyouproposeanybestpracticeoccurredat local level?Pleaseprovidea list/amap(ifalreadyexisting)ofsea-related“protected”sites.

7.1 ITALY

AgoodexampleofbestpracticeatlocallevelistheApulia’sRegionalPlanoftheCoasts(RPC).TheRegionalLaw no. 17 of June 23, 2006, "Discipline of protection and of the use of the coast ", regarding themanagement of sea and sea areas territorial status conferred by the State, identifying the detainedfunctions inchargeof theRegionand thoseconferredon theMunicipalitiesandProvinces.TheRegionallawforeseesthattheRPC,must:

- containstudiesandsurveysonthenaturaldynamicsofthegeomorphologicalandmeteorologicalsystemaswellasguidelinesforthedesignofcoastalengineeringworks;

- discipline activities and interventions to ensure valorisation and preservation of the physicalintegrityofthecoastalarea;

- ensuretheproperuseofmarineandmaritimeregardingusesandactivities.Another best practice at local level is theMPA andNatural reserve of TorreGuaceto. TheManagementConsortiumwasestablishedbytheMunicipalitiesofBrindisiandCarovignoandtheItalianAssociationforWWFforNatureOnlusinDecember2000withtheaimofmanagingtheprotectedarea,bothlandandsea,

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called "Torre Guaceto", established with Decree of the Ministry of the Environment and TerritorialProtectionof04.02.2000(OJNo124,30/05/2000).Bydecree28January2013,n.107,publishedintheGUGeneral SeriesNo.226of26-9-2013 - Suppl.Ordinaryn. 67, theManagementPlanand its implementingregulationfortheTorreGuacetoStateNaturalReservehavebeenapproved.TheTorreGuacetoManagementPlan,therefore,inidentifyingtheinterventionsintegratedintoastrategicreferenceframework,andindefiningcoherentdisciplinaryrules,pursuesthefollowingaims:

- Conservation of animal and plant species, plant and forest associations, geo-paleontologicalformations, biological communities, biotypes, panoramic values, natural processes, ecologicalequilibrium;

- Experimenting a new relationship between man and the environment and safeguarding thisrelationship with particular regard to anthropological, archaeological, historical, architecturalvalues;

- Promotion of interdisciplinary scientific education, training and scientific research, as well aseducationofinformationeducationandrecreationalactivities.

LIST/MAPOFSEA-RELATED“PROTECTED”SITES

ItalianMarineProtectedAreasarelistedbelow:

- Miramare(Friuli-VeneziaGiulia)- Portofino(Liguria)- IsoladiBergeggi(Liguria)- CinqueTerre(Liguria)- Santuariodeicetacei(Liguria,Tuscany,Sardinia,Corsica)- ParconaturaleregionaledelmonteSanBartolo(Marche)- TorredelCerrano(Abruzzo)- IsolediVentoteneeSantoStefano(Lazio)- AreanaturaleSecchediTorPaterno(Lazio)- PuntaCampanella(Campania)- RegnodiNettuno(Campania)- SantaMariadiCastellabate(Campania)- CostadegliInfreschiedellaMasseta(Campania)- ParcosommersodiBaia(Campania)- ParcosommersodiGaiola(Campania)- IsoleTremiti(Apulia)- TorreGuaceto(Apulia)- PortoCesareo(Apulia)- CapoRizzuto(Calabria)- IsoladiUstica(Sicily)- IsoleCiclopi(Sicily)- Plemmirio(Sicily)- IsoleEgadi(Sicily)- IsolePelagie(Sicily)

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- CapoGallo–Isoladellefemmine(Sicily)- CapoCarbonara(Sardinia)- PenisoladelSinis–IsolaMaldiVentre(Sardinia)- Tavolara–PuntaCodaCavallo(Sardinia)- CapoCaccia–IsolaPiana(Sardinia)- Isoladell’Asinara(Sardinia)

OtherMarine Protected Areaswill be established in the near future: Costa delMonte Conero (Marche)probablyin2018,andPenisolaSalentina(Apulia)probablyin2019.

Figura1–ThemarineprotectedareasinItaly–SOUCE:www.biologiamarina.eu

BESTPRACTICES

• The10X20Initiative97 isan initiativethataimstodevelopaglobalnetworkofmarineprotectedareas(MPAs).Thisisinordertoachievetheobjectiveofconserving10%ofbiodiversity.

• Project for theMarineProtectedAreaof the “CinqueTerre”98: this is a seriesof initiativesaimedatcreatingasystemofon-lineissuingofdailypermitsforanchorage,mooringandtransitintheWAPandthecreationofaswimmingpathinopenwaterforthosewhopracticesports.

97https://italyun.esteri.it

44

• “WildeSeaEurope"project99:foreseestheparticipationoftheProtectedMarineAreaofPortofinowiththeaimofcreatingsustainabletourismroutesinEurope.

• MarineProtectedAreaofUsticaIsland100:theprojectforeseesthecreationof internationalvoluntarycampsabletotransmittheimportanceoftheseaforthesustainabilityofhumansocieties.

• Three-yearprojectfortheProtectedMarineAreaoftheEgadiIslands101:itconcernsthepositioningofenvironmentallyfriendlymodulesandtheinstallationof20bollardstoreduceillegaltrawlingunderthecoast.

• GIREPAMProject102: is aproject thatprovides for theeffectivemanagementofmarineenvironmentsthroughthenetworkofMarineProtectedAreas.

• GoodpracticesfortheprotectedareasoftheNationalParkofCilento,VallodiDianoandAlburni103:project to preserve the marine protected areas through precautionary measures such as equippingmooringareasforboatsbyeliminatingtheanchorandlimitingthenumberofyachtsmenwhocanmoorintheseareas.

• PELAGOSPLASTICFREE104:theseareprojectsincollaborationwithLegambienteaimedatimprovingthegovernanceofurbanwasteandreducingasmuchaspossiblethemarinelitter.

• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgramme2014-2019105bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreecetoworktogetherforsustainablegrowthinthevariousregions.Theprojectsforeseenintheprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

• ProjectBycatch106isaninitiativeaimedatfindingmeasuresagainsttheincidentalcaptureofvulnerablespeciesinprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.Theaimistoreducetheimpactoffishingformarinemammals,birds,turtlesandelasmobranchs.


• FishMPABlue2108Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjectivetheplanningofregulatorymeasuresforsustainablefisheriesguidedbytheblueeconomyintheprotectedareasoftheMediterranean.

• PHAROS4MPAsproject109:BlueEconomyandMarineConservation:SafeguardingMediterraneanMPAsinordertoachieveGoodEnvironmentalStatus.

• PANACeAproject110isarationalizationofeffortsforthemanagementandprotectionofMediterraneanprotectedareas.

98http://www.parconazionale5terre.it99http://www.cartadelmare.it100http://www.visitustica.it101www.enea.it102http://interreg-maritime.eu/web/girepam103http://www.parks.it/104http://www.pelagosplasticfree.eu/105https://amare.interreg-med.eu/106http://www.rac-spa.org/bycatch_pr107http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue108https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/109https://pharos4mpas.interreg-med.eu/110http://www.uni-med.net/panacea-project

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7.2 GREECE

During the last decade strong efforts were made, targeting at increasing the MPAs, based on recentresearch data related to the allocation of populations of rare marine mammals. In 2017, the HellenicMinistry of Environment and Energy approved the extension of themarine conservation areas and thedesignationof27newmarinesitesofCommunityImportance(JMD50743/2017“RevisionofthenationalcatalogoftheEuropeanEcologicalNetworkNatura2000”(GG4432/B/2017).ItisestimatedthatMPAsinthe Greek Seas will considerably multiply, reaching more than 10% coverage of the Greek TerritorialWaters.

Manyprotectedareas(NATURA2000)thatincludemarineandcoastalareashavebeendeclared:

NationalParks- NationalParkofShinias-Marathonas- NationalParkofMesologgilagoon- NationalParkofEvrosDelta- NationalParkofAmvrakikosWetlands- NationalParkofEastMacedoniaandThrace(Nestos–Vistonida-ImaridaDelta)- NationalParkofAxios,Loudias,AliakmonasDeltas- NationalParkofWetlandsofKotyhi-Strofilia- NationalParkofZakynthos- NationalParkofAlonnisos–NorthSporades- WetlandsandthecoastofPsalidiinKos- NatureConservationAreaoftheStraitsandEstuariesofAherontasandKalamasriversWetlandsofinternationalimportance(RAMSAR)- EvrosDelta- NestosDelta- Axios-AliakmonasDelta- WetlandsofMesologgi-Aitoliko- AmvrakikosGulf- KotyhilagoonSo far, best management practices have been applied to the Marine Parks of Zakynthos and NorthernSporades, which have focused on the protection of coastal habitats, marine mammals and sea turtles’populationsandtheirforagingseaareas,MPAstakeholders’awarenessandprotectedmeasures.

BESTPRACTICES

• The AMAre InterregMED Programme 2014-2019111 brings together countries such as Italy andGreecetoworktogetherforsustainablegrowthinthevariousregions.Theprojectsforeseeninthe

111https://amare.interreg-med.eu/

46

programmeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

• Project Bycatch112 is an initiative aimed at finding measures against the incidental capture ofvulnerable species in protected areas of theMediterranean. The aim is to reduce the impact offishingformarinemammals,birds,turtlesandelasmobranchs.



• PHAROS4MPAs project115: Blue Economy andMarine Conservation: SafeguardingMediterraneanMPAsinordertoachieveGoodEnvironmentalStatus.

• PANACeA project116 is a rationalization of efforts for the management and protection ofMediterraneanprotectedareas.

7.3 CROATIA

Thedocument"CroatiaandtheProtectedSeas -Assessmentof the legaland institutional framework forthe conservation of coastal and marine biodiversity and the establishment of protected marine areas"defines theguidelines for thedevelopmentandenhancementof themarineareasprotection.Guidelinesinclude:

• developmentofanationalstrategyforthemarineprotectedareasandmarineNATURA2000areas;• development of a review and evaluationmechanism thatmight be similar as for the Specifically

ProtectedAreasofMediterraneanImportance(SPAMI–RAC/SPA,BarcelonaConvention);• improvement the preparation of management plans for marine protected areas, as well as

preparationofactionplansforthepreservationofendangeredorendemicspecies;• improvementofrulesfordeterminingboundariesofnatureprotectedareas.

Moreover,theProtectedCoastalArea(PCA)istheintegratedpolicyforconsideringthenatureprotectionneedsinthecoastalstrip(extendedtotheseainfrontofit)andispartofthe“AmendmentstoPhysicalPlanningAct”(OG65/17).Arecentimportanteffortontransboundarycooperationfortheprotectionofmarineresources,mainlyduetothesignificantcontributionofCroatianand Italianscientists, includestheadoptionof theEUproposalfortheestablishmentofaFisheriesRestrictedAreaintheJabuka/PomoPit,banningdermalfisheries.Themarineareaofatleast2,700km²,recognizedasanessentialnurseryandspawninggroundforanumberofmarinespecies,isplacedoutsideterritorialwatersofItalyandCroatia.

112http://www.rac-spa.org/bycatch_pr113http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue114https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/115https://pharos4mpas.interreg-med.eu/116http://www.uni-med.net/panacea-project

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Thefollowingmapshowssea-relatedNATURA2000sitesinmarineandcoastalarea117:

Figure2–ConservationofspeciesinCroatia–SOURCE:Natura2000

SAC-conservationareassignificantforspeciesandhabitattypesSPA-conservationareassignificantforbirds

117Bioportal,http://www.bioportal.hr/gis/

SAC

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Figure3–ProtectedareasinCroatia–SOURCE:Natura2000

Following theprovisionsof theNatureProtectionAct118,manyprotectedareas that includemarineareahavebeendeclared:

118NatureProtectionAct(Croatian:Zakonozaštitiprirode),OG80/13,15/18.

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NationalParks:

- NationalParkBrijuni- NationalParkKornati- NationalParkMljet

NatureParks:

- NatureParkLastovskootočje- NatureParkTelašćica

SpecialReserves:

- SpecialReserveLimskizaljev-Rezervat- SpecialReserveMalostonskizaljev- SpecialReserveDeltaNeretve–Jugoistočnidio- SpecialReservePantan- SpecialReservePrvićiGrgurovkanal- SpecialReserve–Datule-Barbariga- SpecialReserveVeloiMaloBlato

SignificantLandscapes:

- SignificantLandscapeDolinaBlaca- SignificantLandscapeKanal-luka- SignificantLandscapeLabin,RabaciuvalaPrklog- SignificantLandscapeLimskizaljev- SignificantLandscapeSitsko-žutskaotočnaskupina- SignificantLandscapeUvalaStiniva- SignificantLandscapeZavratnica- SignificantLandscapeZrće

BESTPRACTICES



• PHAROS4MPAs project121: Blue Economy andMarine Conservation: SafeguardingMediterraneanMPAsinordertoachieveGoodEnvironmentalStatus.


119http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue120https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/121https://pharos4mpas.interreg-med.eu/122http://www.uni-med.net/panacea-project

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• LastovoIslandsNatureParkandTelašćicaNaturePark123• MedMPANetProject124: legaland institutional frameworkassessment for conservationof coastal

andmarinebiodiversityandtheestablishmentofMPAs.

7.4 SLOVENIA

Slovenianmarineprotectedareascoverapproximately0,5%ofthewholenationalmarineterritorywhichis far below the target established by the SPA Protocol. Regarding the coastline, the situation is better;approximately 10 % of the total coastline is protected with some kind of protecting regime. Regardingcountryintentionstoincrementthesefigures,inordertomeettheestablishedtargets,therearenosignalsforsignificantchangesinimmediatefuture.

Themostimportantactsthathavebeenissuedforthissergeantare:• SpatialPlanningAct(“Zakonoprostorskemnačrtovanju”(ZPNačrt)-OfficialgazetteoftheRepublic

ofSlovenia,nr.33/07,amendments:OfficialgazetteoftheRepublicofSlovenia,nr.70/08-ZVO-1B,108/09)

• Spatial planning of arrangements of national significance Act (Zakon o umeščanju prostorskihureditevdržavnegapomenavprostor(ZUPUDPP)-OfficialgazetteoftheRepublicofSlovenia,nr.80/10).

• Waters Act (“Zakon o vodah” (ZV-1) - Official gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, nr.67/02,amendments:Official gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, nr.110/02-ZGO-1, 2/04-ZZdrI-A, 41/04-ZVO-1,and57/08)

• Environmental Protection Act (“Zakon o varstvu okolja” (ZVO-1 UPB1) - official gazette of theRepublicofSlovenia,nr.41/04,amendments:OfficialgazetteoftheRepublicofSlovenia,nr.17/06,20/06,28/06Skl.US:U-I-51/06-5,39/06-UPB1,49/06-ZMetD,66/06Odl.US:U-I-51/06-10,112/06Odl.US:U-I-40/06-10,33/07-ZPNačrt,57/08-ZFO-1A,70/08,and108/09)

• Nature Conservation Act (“Zakon o ohranjanju narave” (ZON-UPB2) - Official gazette of theRepublic of Slovenia, nr.56/99 (31/00) amendments:Official gazette of the Republic of Slovenia,nr.110/02-ZGO-1, 119/02, 22/03-UPB1, 1/04, 96/04-UPB2, 61/06-ZDru-1, 63/07 Odl.US: Up-395/06-24,U-I-64/07-13,117/07Odl.US:U-I-76/07-9,32/08Odl.US:U-I-386/06-32,and8/10-ZSKZ-B)

• Maritime code (“Pomorski zakonik” (PZ-UPB2) –Official gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, nr.26/01, amendments:Official gazette of theRepublic of Slovenia, nr. 21/02, 110/02-ZGO-1, 2/04,37/04-UPB1,98/05,49/06,120/06-PB2)

• MarineFisheriesAct(“Zakonomorskemribištvu”(ZMR-2)-OfficialgazetteoftheRepublicofSlovenia,nr.115/06).

TheSpatialPlanningActiscomposedofthreetypesofspatialplans:national,municipalandintermunicipalplans.AsthecoastalzoneisnotdefinedinSlovenia,coastalareaplanningisincludedintheintermunicipalplansofthemunicipalitiesofKoper,IsleandPiran,inaccordancewiththeobjectivesandguidelinesoftheNationalStrategicPlan.

123SUSTAINABLEECONOMICACTIVITIESFORMEDITERRANEANMARINEPROTECTEDAREAS(SEA-Med)PROJECTThirdYearReport124http://medmpanet.rac-spa.org

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SloveniahasalsodevelopedanEIAprocedurefortheenvironmentalimpactassessment,whichincludesthepreparationofanenvironmentalreport.Withregardtotheresponsibilitiesofspatialplanning,atthenationallevelistheMinistryofEnvironmentandSpatialPlanning,SpatialPlanningDirectorate,whileatthelocallevelarethemunicipalities.TheStateisresponsible for establishing the general objectives of spatial development, policies and guidelines forplanning at all levels and for verifying the legality of spatial planning at the municipal level. Themunicipalitiesareresponsibleforestablishingobjectivesandguidelinesforspatialdevelopmentatthelocallevelbyplanninglanduseandlanduseregulations.BESTPRACTICES

• SHAPEProject125:ShapingaHolisticApproachtotheProtectionofAdriaticEnvironment,aproposalonintegratedmanagementofnarrowcoastalstripbasedonthearticle8oftheICZMProtocolofBarcelonaconvention.

• TheAMAreInterregMEDProgramme2014-2019126bringstogethercountriessuchasItalyandGreecetoworktogetherforsustainablegrowthinthevariousregions.Theprojectsforeseenintheprogrammeareallfocusedonthedevelopmentofinnovativepracticesthatpromoteareasonableuseofresources.

• ACT4LITTERproject127:marinewasteinMarineProtectedMediterraneanAreas.• PHAROS4MPAs project128: Blue Economy andMarine Conservation: SafeguardingMediterranean

MPAsinordertoachieveGoodEnvironmentalStatus.• The FishMPABlue1129 project analyzed small-scale fishing within protected areas and identified

criticalitiesandpotentialimprovementsthroughaninnovativesetofgovernmenttools.• FishMPABlue2130Project,whichfollowsonfromthefirstprojectFishMPABlue1,hasasitsobjective



125http://www.shape-ipaproject.eu/126https://amare.interreg-med.eu/127https://act4litter.interreg-med.eu/128https://pharos4mpas.interreg-med.eu/129http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/section/fishmpablue130https://fishmpablue-2.interreg-med.eu/131http://www.uni-med.net/panacea-project

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8 Barcelona Convention Protocols

TheMediterraneanActionPlan(MAP)wascreatedundertheauspicesofUNEnvironment in1975,beingthe first of the Regional Seas Programmes under UN Environment’s aegis, with the initial objective ofassisting the Mediterranean countries to assess and control marine pollution and to formulate theirnationalenvironmentalpolicies.The focusofMAPgraduallyexpandedandtheMAPPhase II,adopted in1995,encompassesalsomarineandcoastalbiodiversityconservationandintegratedcoastalzoneplanningandmanagementaspartofthesustainabledevelopmentagenda.InlinewiththeMAPinstitutionalframeworkanditsdevelopments,theBarcelonaConvention(ConventionfortheProtectionoftheMediterraneanSeaAgainstPollution)wasfirstadoptedin1976andamendedin1995(renamedastheConventionfortheProtectionoftheMarineEnvironmentandtheCoastalRegionoftheMediterranean)beingthelegally-bindingcomponentofMAP.Thislegalframeworkiscomplementedby7ProtocolstotheBarcelonaConventionwhichaddressspecificaspectswithregardtotheprotectionofthemarineandcoastalenvironmentoftheMediterranean,namelythe:

1. DumpingProtocol2. PreventionandEmergencyProtocol3. Land-basedSourcesandActivitiesProtocol(LBS)4. SpeciallyProtectedAreasandBiologicalDiversityProtocol(SPA/BD)5. OffshoreProtocol6. HazardousWastesProtocol7. ProtocolonIntegratedCoastalZoneManagement(ICZM).

All the 21 Mediterranean riparian countries and the European Union are Contracting Parties to theBarcelonaConvention.Inbrief,themainobjectivesofMAPcanbesummarizedasfollows:

• toensurethesustainablemanagementofnaturalmarineandlandresourcesandtointegratetheenvironmentinsocialandeconomicdevelopment,andland-usepolicies;

• to protect the marine environment and coastal zones, through prevention of pollution, and byreductionandasfaraspossible,eliminationofpollutantinputswhetherchronicoraccidental;

• toprotectnature,andprotectandenhancesitesandlandscapesofecologicalorculturalvalue;• tostrengthensolidarityamongstMediterraneancoastalstates,inmanagingtheircommonheritage

andresourcesforthebenefitofthepresentandfuturegenerations;and• tocontributetotheimprovementofthequalityoflife.

IntheframeworkoftheBarcelonaConventionanumberofStrategieshavebeenadoptedovertheyearsbyitsContractingParties,including:

• TheMediterraneanStrategyforSustainableDevelopment(MSSD);• TheStrategicActionProgrammetoaddresspollutionfromland-basedactivities(SAP-MED);

54

• The Strategic Action Plan for the conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in theMediterranean(SAP-BD);

• TheRegionalStrategyforPreventionofandResponsetoMarinePollutionfromShips(2016-2021);• TheBallastWaterManagementStrategy.

SPA/BDPROTOCOL

TheSPAProtocolcoversSpeciallyProtectedAreasandBiodiversityintheMediterranean.Itprovidesfortheestablishment of Special Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI), which provide for thecooperationofthevariouscountriesinanefficientmanagementaimedattheprotectionofnaturalareasandtheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitats.

TheCountriesaccordingart.3ofthisprotocolhavecommittedthemselvesto:

• “protect,preserveandmanageinasustainableandenvironmentallysoundwayareasofparticularnaturalorculturalvalue,notablybytheestablishmentofspeciallyprotectedareas”;

• “protect,preserveandmanagethreatenedorendangeredspeciesoffloraandfauna”.

ThisprotocolrepresentedanimportantevolutionfromthelegislationinforcebeforethesignatureoftheBarcelonaConvention in that it included in the listofprotectedspeciesa largenumberofelements thatuntilthenwerenotconsideredtobeinneedofprotection.SAP/BDRELATEDACTIONPLANSTheywereadoptedatregionallevelinordertoensurebetterprotectionofspecificspeciesandhabitats:

• MonkSealActionPlan• ActionPlanfortheConservationofMediterraneanMarineTurtles• Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea(relations with

ACCOBAMS,sub-regionalcoordinatingunits,etc.,)• ActionPlanfortheConservationofMarineVegetationintheMediterraneanSea• ActionPlanfortheConservationofBirdSpeciesinventoriedintheannexIIoftheSPAProtocol• ActionPlanonCartilaginousFishesintheMediterraneanSea• ActionPlanonIntroductionofSpeciesandInvasiveSpeciesintheMediterraneanSea• ActionPlanonCoralligenous&otherCalcareousBio-concretionsintheMediterranean

OTHERFRAMEWORKS

• RegionalWorkingProgrammefortheCoastalandMarineProtectedAreasintheMediterraneanSeaincludingtheHighSea

• Roadmaptowardsacomprehensive,ecologicallyrepresentative,effectivelyconnectedandefficientlymanagednetworkofMediterraneanMarineProtectedAreasby2020

LSBPROTOCOL

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TheLBSprotocolwasfirstadoptedon17May1980toprotecttheMediterraneanSeafromclimatechangeandpollutionfromland-basedsources.

Theoriginalprotocolhasbeenmodifiedseveral timesover theyearsuntil2006where it is registeredas"Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources andActivities”.ThemainobjectivesoftheLBSProtocolareto:

• reductionoftheimpactofpollutantsthroughtheapplicationofbestmanagementpracticesaimedatlimitingeffluentsandemissions.

• regional cooperation on monitoring and research through the exchange of both scientific andtechnicalinformationonpollutionfromland-basedsources.

TheLBSProtocolalsoaddressespollutionissuesrelatedtoimportantsourcesincluding:domesticsewage,oil refineries, sugar mills and distilleries, the food industry, beverage production, pulp and paperproduction,chemicalindustriesandevennon-pointsourcessuchasagriculturalrun-off.

TheareasofapplicationofthisProtocolare:

• theMediterraneanSeaareaasdefinedinArticle1oftheConvention;• thehydrologicalbasinoftheMediterranean;• thewaterswithinthebaselinesoftheterritorialsea;inthecaseofwatercourses,theboundaryis

fixeduptothefreshwaterlimit;• coastalandnon-coastalbrackishwaters, includingcoastalmarshesand lagoonsandgroundwater

communicatingwiththeMediterraneanSea.

UNCLOS aims to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from land-basedactivities.GPA provides for the reduction of the load of pollutants from land-based sources and activities beingdischargedintothesea.Bothinstrumentsaredesignedtoactatregionalleveltoaddresstheseissues.

LBSRELATEDREGIONALPLANS

Regional Plans have been adopted in linewith the provisions under theStrategicAction Programme toaddresspollutionfromland-basedactivities (SAPMED)andintheframeworkofthearticle15oftheLBSProtocolaimingatpollutionpreventionandreduction:

• RPonMarineLitterManagementintheMediterranean(2013);• RPonthereductionofinputsofMercury(2012);• RPonthereductionofBOD5inthefoodsector(2012);• RP on the phasing out of Hexabromodiphenyl ether, Hetabromodiphenyl ether,

Tetrabromodiphenylether,andPentabromodiphenilether(2012);• RPontheonthephasingoutoflindaneandendosulfane(2012);

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• RP on the phasing out of perfluorooctane solfonic acid, its salts, and perfluorooctane sulfonylfluoride(2012);

• RPontheeliminationofAlphahexachlorocyclohexane,Betahexachlorocyclohexane,Chlordecone,Hexabromobiphenyl,andPentachlorobenzene(2012);

• RPonthePhasingOutofDDT(2009);• RPonthereductionofBOD5fromurbanwastewater(2009);• RP on the elimination of Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex, and Toxaphene

(2009).SAPMEDthereforeaimsto improvethequalityofthemarineenvironmentthroughamoreefficientandintegratedmanagementofland-basedpollution.Withits33fixedobjectivestoreducepollutionby2025,itguides theContractingParties in taking (individualor joint)measures toprevent, reduce, control and/oreliminatedeteriorationofthemarineandterrestrialenvironment,includingtransboundarypollution.

ICZMPROTOCOL

TheICZMProtocolcompletesthesetofProtocolscoveringtheprotectionofthemarineenvironmentandthecoastalMediterraneanregionandconstitutesasingle legal instrument for ICZM132 throughout theEUMemberStates.

TheProtocolpursuesallnecessarymeasureswithaviewtostrengtheningregionalcooperationinordertodefinearegionalframeworkwhichcanmanageinanintegratedmannerallissuesrelatingtothecoastsoftheMediterranean.

INTEGRATEDCOASTALZONEMANAGEMENTPROTOCOLACTIONPLANSANDFRAMEWORKS

• ActionPlanfortheimplementationoftheICZMProtocol2012-2019• RegionalClimateChangeAdaptationFrameworkfortheMediterraneanMarineandCoastalAreas

(RFCCA);

8.1 ITALY

Since 1979 Italy is part of the Barcelona Convention, an important international agreement aimed atprotectingthemarineecosystemandtheMediterraneancoastlines.

Inthiscontext,since2008Italyhasbeenoneofthe15countriesthathavesignedtheProtocoldealingwithIntegratedCoastalZoneManagement(ICZM).

132“Integratedcoastalzonemanagementmeansadynamicprocessforthesustainablemanagementanduseofcoastalzones,takingintoaccountatthesametimethefragilityofcoastalecosystemsandlandscapes,thediversityofactivitiesanduses,theirinteractions,themaritimeorientationofcertainactivitiesandusesandtheirimpactonboththemarineandlandparts”.(art.2ProtocolICZM)

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This isadynamic, interdisciplinaryand interactiveprocess thataimstopromotesustainablecoastalzonemanagement and includes the entire cycle of information gathering, planning and decision-making,managementandmonitoring.

Integrationincoastalzonemanagementisveryimportantandisbasedontheprinciplesofcooperationandcommunication between all the parties concerned. The purpose of this is to assess, for each area, theobjectivestobeachievedandtheactionsneededtoachievethem.Integrationisalsoessentialtomaintaina lastingbalancebetween theobjectivesof the various sectors, such as theenvironment, theeconomy,society,cultureandrecreation,whilerespectingnaturalconstraints.

Therefore, the term "integrated" refers to both the integration of objectives and themeans to achievethem.Anexampleofthisis"theintegrationofallrelatedpoliciesofthedifferentsectorsconcernedandofadministration at all levels, as well as the integration over time and space of the land and maritimecomponentsoftheterritoryconcerned".

InItaly,theBarcelonaConventionhasbeenratifiedovertheyearswiththelegislationlistedin

Table1.

58

BarcelonaConventionandProtocols

Signature

Ratification,Acceptance,ApprovalorAccession

Entryintoforce

BarcelonaConvention 16/02/197603/02/1979Ratification

05/03/1979

BarcelonaConventionAmendments

N/A07/09/1999Acceptance

09/07/2004

DumpingProtocol 16/02/197603/02/1979Ratification

05/03/1979

DumpingProtocolAmendments N/A07/09/1999Acceptance

-

EmergencyProtocol 16/02/197603/02/1979Acceptance

05/03/1979

PreventionandEmergencyProtocol

25/01/200230/06/2016Ratification

30/07/2016

LBSProtocol 17/05/198004/07/1985Ratification

03/08/1985

LBSProtocolAmendments N/A07/09/1999Acceptance

11/05/2008

SPAProtocol 03/04/198204/07/1985Ratification

23/03/1986

SPAandBiodiversityProtocolandAnnexes

10/06/199507/09/1999Ratification

12/12/1999

AmendmentstothelistsofAnnexesIIandIIIoftheSPAandBiodiversityProtocol(DecisionIG.19/12)

N/A N/A 13/02/2011


N/A N/A 30/03/2014

AmendmentstoAnnexesIIandIIIoftheSPAandBiodiversityProtocol(DecisionIG.21/6)

N/A N/A 16/04/2015

OffshoreProtocol 14/10/1994 - -HazardousWastesProtocol 01/10/1996 - -ICZMProtocol 21/01/2008 - -

Table1-StatusofSignaturesandRatificationsoftheBarcelonaConventionanditsProtocolsinItalyatyear2018–Source:UNEP.

ItalyhasadoptedaProtocolonspeciallyprotectedareasandbiologicaldiversityintheMediterranean(SPAMed) on 7 September 1999, which provides for measures for the conservation of all species at risk ofextinctionlistedinAnnexIItotheProtocol.

Italy signed the ICMZ Protocol in 2008 but in fact, national laws have delayed and/or prevented thedevelopmentofastrategyforintegratedcoastalzonemanagementatnationallevel.

Only in recent yearshas theMinistryof theEnvironment andProtectionof Landand Seapromoted thelaunchofaNationalStrategy for the IntegratedManagementofCoastalAreas,noting the importanceofhavingan"adhoc"governancetoolforcoastalmarineareas.

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TheMinistry intendstopromoteaconsultationsystemthatcan interactwiththevariousadministrationsresponsible for sectoral policies, regions and local authorities that have the greatest impact on coastalareas(tourism,fisheries,infrastructure,transport,etc..).

In themeantime, some Italian Regions have equipped themselveswith territorial plans containing partsdedicated to coastal areas (Liguria); others have tried to deal with the problems of environmentalprotectionofcoastalareaswithintheRegionalTerritorialCoordinationPlan(e.g.Calabria,Veneto)ortheLandscapePlan(e.g.Sardinia).OtherRegions,duetothestrongproblemsrelatedtotheerosionofcoastalareas,havedrawnupDefenceandRenaissancePlanswhichtheyhaveintegratedintoasystemofplanningandmanagementofcoastalareas(e.g.Lazio,Abruzzo).

TuscanyhasdrawnupaRegional IntegratedCoastManagementPlanforhydrogeologicalpurposes,whilemoreinnovativeprogrammeshavebeenlaunchedbyEmiliaRomagna,LazioandMarche.

BESTPRACTICES

• CAMP project (Coastal Area Management Program) 133, is oriented to the implementation ofcoastal management projects through strategies and procedures aimed at a sustainabledevelopmentofcoastalareasthroughtheapplicationofmethodologiesandtoolsonsampleareasthatareparticularlysignificant.

• SHAPEProject134:ShapingaHolisticApproachtotheProtectionofAdriaticEnvironment,aproposalon integratedmanagementofnarrowcoastalstripbasedonthearticle8oftheICZMProtocolofBarcelonaconvention.

8.2 GREECE

Greecehas been an active Contracting Party (CP) of theBarcelonaConvention for the Protection of theMediterraneanSeaAgainstPollutionsince1976.

Greecesignedthe1980LBSProtocolin1980andratifieditinJanuary1987.TheProtocolenteredintoforcein February 1987. In 2003, Greece signed the 1996 Amendments concerning the LBS Protocol whichenteredintoforcein2008.In1997,theStrategicActionPlantoaddresspollutionfromland-basedactivitiesintheMediterranean(SAPMED)waspreparedandadoptedbytheCPsasthebasisfortheimplementationof theLBSProtocol.TheSAPconsistsof33 targetscovering thesectorsofurbanenvironment, industrialdevelopmentandphysicalalterationsanddestructionofhabitats.TheSAPMEDmeasuresaimtoprevent,abate,combatandeliminate,tothefullestpossibleextent,pollutionoftheMediterraneanSeacausedbydischargesfromrivers,coastalestablishmentsoroutfalls,oremanatingfromanyotherland-basedsourcesandactivities.InGreece,theSAPMEDmeasureshavebeenintegratedintheimplementationoftheWFDandMSFD.

ΤheSpeciallyProtectedAreas(SPA)Protocolwassignedin1982andratifiedinJanuary1987.TheProtocolentered into force in February 1987. Greece signed the 1995 Special Protected Areas and Biodiversity133https://www.msp-platform.eu134http://www.shape-ipaproject.eu/

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Protocol, but it has not ratified it yet.Noneof the related amendments to the Protocol’s Annexes havebeensigned.

Greecehas taken into consideration theMAPprocesses alongwith thoseof the sixthConferenceof theParties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2002 which decided on the 2010 BiodiversityTarget and the EU 2010 biodiversity target (amended by the EU 2020) in the formulation of the GreekBiodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan, Hellenic RepublicMinistryofEnvironment,Energy&ClimateChange,2014).

The2008ProtocolonICZMwassignedin2008butithasnotbeenratifiedyet.However,aCAMPprojectwascarriedoutinRhodestoreflecttheICZMProtocolprovisionsanddefineappropriatemethodologiesforthedevelopmentofnational strategy. InGreece, there is extensive literatureon ICZMandmanagementstrategiesforthecoastalzonethathavebeensetupasanintegralpartofspacialplanningproceduresintheframeworkofEUfundedprogrammes,butanationalstrategyhasnotbeenestablished.Officially,theGeneral Framework for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (Government Gazette128/Α/03.07.2008)statesthatitisnecessarytouseintegrated-overallplanningandmanagementinordertoaddresscomplexproblemsandensurethespatialorganizationofhighlysensitive,coastalareas.In2009the Special Framework for Spatial Planning and SustainableDevelopment for coastal areaswas given topublicconsultation,butitwasnotincorporatedintoGreeklegislation.

Schematically,theimplementationofBC’sprotocolsisdrawninTable2.

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BarcelonaConventionandProtocols Signature


Entryintoforce

BarcelonaConvention 16/02/197603/01/1979Ratification

02/02/1979

BarcelonaConventionAmendments N/A10/03/2003Approval

09/07/2004

DumpingProtocol 11/02/197703/01/1979Ratification

02/02/1979

DumpingProtocolAmendments - - -

EmergencyProtocol 16/02/197603/01/1979Ratification

02/02/1979

PreventionandEmergencyProtocol 25/01/200227/11/2006Ratification

27/12/2006

LBSProtocol 17/05/198026/01/1987Ratification

25/02/1987

LBSProtocolAmendments N/A10/03/2003Approval

11/05/2008

SPAProtocol 03/04/198226/01/1987Ratification

25/02/1987

SPAandBiodiversityProtocolandAnnexes 10/06/1995 - -AmendmentstothelistsofAnnexesIIandIIIoftheSPAandBiodiversityProtocol(DecisionIG.19/12)

N/A N/A -


N/A N/A -


N/A N/A -

OffshoreProtocol 14/10/1994 - -HazardousWastesProtocol 01/10/1996 - -ICZMProtocol 21/01/2008 - - Table 2 - Status of Signatures and Ratifications of the Barcelona Convention and itsProtocolsinGreeceatyear2018–Source:UNEP.

ThemostimportantlegislationwithregardtoICZMandMSPis:

LegislationforEnvironmentandPlanning:

1. Law1650/1986,“Fortheenvironmentalprotection”GG160/A/19862. PresidentialDecree55/1998”ProtectionoftheMarineEnvironment”GG58/A/19983. Presidential Decree 1.12/1999, “Establishing the National Marine Park of Zakynthos” GG

906/D/1999andCMD23537/2003“Establishing theNationalMarineParkofNorthernSporades”GG621/D/2003

4. Law2742/1999“SpatialPlanning&SustainableDevelopmentandotherprovisions”GG207/A/1999asamendedbyLaw4447/2016“SpatialPlanning–SustainableDevelopmentandotherprovisions”GG241/A/2016

5. Law 2971/2001 “Seashore, beach and other provisions” GG 285/A/2001 as amended by Law4281/2014-GG160/A/2014.

6. RegionalFrameworks forSpatialPlanningandSustainableDevelopment (12MinisterialDecisions,2003-2004)forfourIslandsRegions:NorthernAegean,SouthernAegean,CreteandIonianIslands,

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for seven coastal regions and one for the enclosed Region of West Macedonia. The RegionalFrameworkshavebeenrevisedin2016andbeingonthewaytoenterintoforce.

7. JMD6876/4871/2008,“GeneralFrameworkforSpatialPlanningandSustainableDevelopment”GG128/A/2008.

8. Law3937/2011,“Conservationofbiodiversityandotherprovisions”GG60/A/2011.9. JMD 31722/2011, "Approval of a Special Framework of Spatial Planning and Sustainable

Development for Aquaculture and its strategic environmental impact assessment" GG2505/B/2011.

LegislationforShipping

1. Law 2252/1994, “Ratification of the International Convention on the Preparedness,CooperationandTreatmentofseaPollutionfromOilandotherprovisions”GG192/A/1994

2. Presidential Decree 11/2002 “National Emergency Plan to deal with pollution incidentsfromoilandotherharmfulsubstances.(ContingencyPlans)”,GG6/A/2002

LegislationforUnderwaterCulturalHeritage

1. Law3028/2002,andrelatedMinisterialDecisionsontheProtectionofUnderwaterCulturalHeritage,GG153/A/2002

2. MD48604/3385/2003“Designationofshipwrecksasculturalgoods”GG1701/B/2003

3. JMD 11228/1865/2004, “Determination of conditions for anchoring and fishing andunderwater activitieswith breathing apparatus pursuant toArticle 15of Law3028/2002"FortheProtectionofAntiquitiesandHeritageingeneral"GG336/B/2004

BESTPRACTICES

• CAMPProject135:CoastalAreaManagementPlan,anUNEP/MAPprojectimplementedintheperiod2004-2007

8.3 CROATIA

Thefirstnationalactivitiesforthemanagementofcoastalandmarineareasdatebackto1967.whenaregionalspatialplan-theLong-termDevelopmentProgramandtheSpatialPlanoftheCroatianAdriaticAreawerecreated.ThosewerethefirstspatialplanningdocumentsthatsystematicallycontemplatedthestatusanddevelopmentpossibilitiesoftheCroatianAdriatic.Duringthisperiod,projectsandplanshavebeen initiated in cooperation with UN institutions, planning institutions of former republics of

135https://www.msp-platform.eu

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Montenegro,BosniaandHerzegovinaandSlovenia, and foreignpartner companies:UpperAdriatic andSouth Adriatic, with emphasis on tourism development, and Adriatic III, with an emphasis onenvironmental protection. The focus was on the development of tourism, but also the permanentpreservation of the natural and cultural values on which the tourist offer should be based and thepreservationofthenarrowestcoastalbelt.Basically,thesedocumentsdeterminedthe integralplanningasafundamentalprofessionalstandpoint.

InCroatia,BarcelonaConventionhasbeenratifiedovertheyearswiththelegislationlistedinTable3.



Entryintoforce

BarcelonaConvention -12/06/1992Succession

08/10/1991

BarcelonaConventionAmendments N/A03/05/1999Acceptance

09/07/2004

DumpingProtocol -12/06/1992Succession

08/10/1991

DumpingProtocolAmendments N/A03/05/1999Acceptance

-

EmergencyProtocol - 12/06/1992 08/10/1991


17/03/2004

LBSProtocol -12/06/1992Succession

08/10/1991

LBSProtocolAmendments N/A11/10/2006Acceptance

11/05/2008

SPAProtocol -12/06/1992Succession

08/10/1991

SPAandBiodiversityProtocolandAnnexes 10/06/199512/04/2002Ratification

12/05/2002


N/A N/A 13/02/2011


N/A N/A 30/03/2014

AmendmentstoAnnexesIIandIIIofthSPAandBiodiversityProtocol(DecisionIG.21/6)

N/A N/A 16/04/2015

OffshoreProtocol 14/10/199408/02/2018Ratification

10/03/2018

HazardousWastesProtocol - - -

ICZMProtocol 21/01/200829/01/2013Ratification

28/02/2013

Table3-StatusofSignaturesandRatificationsoftheBarcelonaConventionanditsProtocolsinCroatiaattheyear2018–Source:UNEP.

PROTOCOLFORTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEMEDITERRANEANSEAAGAINSTPOLLUTIONFROMLAND-BASEDSOURCESANDACTIVITIES,ADOPTEDIN1980ANDAMENDEDIN1996

TheRepublicofCroatiaisoneofthesignatoriesoftheProtocolfor the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (LBS protocol) thusthedraftingandimplementationofnationalandregionalactionplansandprogramscontainingthemeasures(provisions)anddeadlines for implementationare foreseen.TheRepublicofCroatiahassignedtheProtocol for the

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ProtectionoftheMediterraneanSeaagainstPollutionfromLand-BasedSourcesandActivitiesinSyracuse1996. The LBS Protocol was adopted in the Croatian legal system through the adoption of Act onRatificationofAmendmentstotheProtocoloftheMediterraneanSeaagainstpollutionfromland-basedsourcesandactivities(OG-IT3/06).

BasedonLBSProtocol,StrategicActionProgrammefortheReductionofPollutionoftheMediterraneanfrom Land-Based Sources (SAP MED) was prepared for the Mediterranean. Based on that, NationalActions Plans (NAPs) were prepared on the national level. In 2005, Croatia prepared NAP for theProtection of theMediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-based Sources. It identified nationalpriorities, objectives, and actions addressing the pollution from the industrial wastewater, hazardouswastemanagement and disposal and construction of two regional wastemanagement centres.WaterManagementPlan2016-2021(OG66/16),althoughdidnotspecificallyreferredtoNAPandLBSProtocol,proposedasetofmeasuresaddressingtheneedtopreventandreducedifferentsourcesofpollutionofcoastal aquifers as well as internal marine waters. Updated NAP was prepared in 2016 by integratingrelevantmeasures from other strategic documents: Strategy ofMaritime Development and IntegratedMaritimePolicyoftheRepublicofCroatiaforperiod2014-2020,WaterAreasManagementPlans2016-2021;WasteManagement Plan 2015-2021 andMarine and Coastal zoneManagement Strategy of theRepublicofCroatia.

CroatiaalsoratifiedProtocolconcerningCo-operationinPreventingPollutionfromShipsand,inCasesofEmergency,CombatingPollutionoftheMediterraneanSea(PreventionandEmergencyProtocol).Basedon that, it has adopted the Agreement on the Sub-regional Contingency Plan for Prevention of,Preparedness for and Response to Major Marine Pollution Incidents in the Adriatic Sea (Act onConfirmationoftheAgreement;OG-IT7/08).ThemainobjectiveoftheAgreement,inordertoestablishamechanismofmutualassistanceunderwhich thecompetentnationalauthorities inCroatia, ItalyandSloveniawill cooperate inorder tocoordinateandconsolidate theiractivities related to thepreventionandresponsetomarinepollutionincidentsaffectingorlikelytoaffecttheterritorialsea,thecoastandtherelated interests of one or more of these countries, or accidents that exceed the available responsecapacityofeachofthesecountriesindividually(art1.2).

Inaddition, in2008,CroatiahasadoptednationalContingencyPlan (OG,92/2008).Thisdocument setsouttheproceduresandmeasuresforpredicting,preventing,limitingandrespondingtomarinepollutionincidentsandtotheextraordinarynaturaleventsatseainordertoprotectthemarineenvironment.(art1.1)

Croatia has also ratified the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against PollutionResultingfromExplorationandExploitationoftheContinentalShelfandtheSeabedanditsSubsoil(OG–IT, 13/2017) aswell as Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of theMediterranean Sea byDumpingfromShipsandAircraftorIncinerationatSea(DumpingProtocol)thatwaspublishedinOG–IT,No.17/9butcameintoforcewithrespecttotheRepublicofCroatiaon9July2004.

Maritime Code (OG 181/04, OG 76/07, OG 146/08, OG 61/11, OG 56/13, OG 26/15), among others,definesobligationsrelevantforthemaritimesafetyandpreservationofthemarineenvironment.

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MaritimeDomainandSeaportsAct(OG158/03,OG141/06,OG38/09,OG123/11,56/16)statesthatitisforbiddentodisposeofsolid,liquidorgaspollutantsdetrimentalintheseaorontheseashore.

PROTOCOL CONCERNING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THEMEDITERRANEAN, 1982,REPLACEDIN1995

Act on ratification of the Protocol concerning specially protected areas and biological diversity ofMediterranean (OG - IT 11/01) obliges the Republic of Croatia to protect, preserve and manage insustainable and environmentally sound way areas of natural or cultural value with protection,preservation,andmanagementofthreatenedspeciesoffloraandfauna.ThePartiesshall:

• identify and compile inventories of the components of biological diversity important for itsconservationandsustainableuse.

• adopt strategies,plans, andprograms for the conservationofbiologicaldiversity and sustainableuseofmarineandcoastalbiologicalresourcesandshall integratethemintorelevantsectoralandintersectoralpolicies.

• monitorthecomponentsofbiologicaldiversityandshallprocessesandcategoriesofactivitiesthathaveorarelikelytohaveasignificantadverseimpactontheconservationandsustainableuseofbiologicaldiversityandmonitortheireffects.

• apply the measures provided for in this Protocol without prejudice to the sovereignty or thejurisdictionofotherPartiesorotherStates.

InpurposeoffulfillmentofobligationsfromProtocol,RepublicofCroatiaadoptedin2008thedocument„Strategy and Action Plan for the Protection of Biological and Landscape diversity of the Republic ofCroatia” (OG143/08),whichdefines the termsof natureprotection and conservationof biological andlandscapediversity,includingmaritimearea.Plannedactivitiesinclude:• encourageresearchintoinvasivealgaespeciestofindwaysofcontrollingandreducingtheimpacton

biodiversityoftheAdriatic• prevent the introduction of foreign allochthon species into the Adriatic Sea and begin with their

removal• useofbiologicalresourcesoftheAdriaticisbasedontheprinciplesofsustainablemanagement• continuetocarryoutpermanentmonitoringofpelagicandbenthiccommunitiesintheCroatianpartof

theAdriatic;• carryoutmappingofmarinehabitats intheareasoftheseaunderthejurisdictionoftheRepublicof

Croatia;• in order to preserve the biodiversity of the sea, to incorporate the conditions and measures of

protection intoplans/programsrelatedtomarinefisheriesandtospatialplans inthepartofseaandcoastalareas.

TheRepublic of Croatia also defined Strategy andAction Plan forNature Protection of theRepublic ofCroatiafortheperiod2017-2025(OG72/17)withguidelinesfornatureprotectionuntil2025.GoalsarealignedwithBarcelonaConventionProtocols.

ProgramofMeasures for the protection andmanagement of themarine environment and the coastalareaoftheRepublicofCroatia(2017),amongothers,envisagedthemeasuresfor:

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• establishingaharmonizedmonitoringsystemforcoastalandmarineecosystemsandprocesses;• identificationandvalorisationofpriorityareasfortheconservationofmarineandcoastalbiodiversity;• Preservationofmarinebiodiversity(mainlyrelatedtoby-catch).

PROTOCOLONINTEGRATEDCOASTALZONEMANAGEMENTINTHEMEDITERRANEAN(ICZMPROTOCOL),2008

AdoptionoftheProtocolisconfirmedwiththeActonConfirmationoftheProtocolonIntegratedCoastalZone Management in the Mediterranean (Act on Confirmation, OG-IT 8/12). Related to Article 3(paragraph2)oftheICZMProtocol,theRepublicofCroatiastatesthatthegeographicalcoverageoftheICZMProtocolisdefinedbytheexternalborderoftheterritorialseaoftheRepublicofCroatiawhilethelandwardlimitofthecoastalzoneshallbethelimitofcoastal localself-governmentunitsandlocalself-governmentunits,whoseterritorycoversthelandareaoftheprotectedcoastalareaof1000m.

InlinewiththerequirementsoftheICZMProtocol(inparticularart.3and8.2),thePhysicalPlanningAct-PPA(OG153/13,65/17)definedtheProtectedCoastalArea(PCA),whichencompassestheareaofcoastalself-governmentunits,andtherestrictedareaencompassing1000mlandand300mseaareasborderingtheshoreline.AccordingtoprovisionsofPPAharmonizedwiththeprovisionsofICZMProtocol,planningand use of PCA and restricted area is performed with specific building and planning limitations forprotection and sustainable use of the coastal zone.Objectives of integrated coastal zonemanagement(Article6inICZMProtocol)arecoveredbythegoalsandprinciplesofphysicalplanning.

It should be mentioned that the protected coastal area encompassing all islands and a 1000 m widemainlandanda300mwidemarinebelt(measuredfromtheshoreline)wasstipulatedin2004byaspecialregulation,namelytheRegulationonProtectedCoastalAreaDevelopmentandConservation,OG128/04,i.e.8yearsbeforeActonConfirmation.

The ICZMprotocolwastaken intoconsideration intheSpatialDevelopmentStrategyof theRepublicofCroatia136.InthedevelopmentprocessoftheStrategy,theICZMprotocolhasbeenelaboratedindetailintheanalyticalexpertanalysisIntegralCoastalCoastManagement137.

BasedonGovernmentdecision(OfficialGazette112/2014),in2014,CroatiastartedthepreparationoftheICZMStrategy, as part of the integrated Strategy for theManagementof theMarine Environment andCoastal Area. The Strategy is an innovative document as it is integrating requirements of the twosupranational legal documents: the MSFD and the ICZM Protocol. The preparation of the Strategy iscoordinatedbytheMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergy.InthepreparationoftheStrategy,otherrelevantMinistries and institutions were also involved, in particular, the Ministry of Construction and PhysicalPlanningwiththeCroatianInstituteforSpatialDevelopmentandtheMinistryoftheSea,Transportand

136SpatialDevelopmentStrategyoftheRepublicofCroatia(Croatian:StrategijaprostornograzvojaRepublikeHrvatske),OG106/17137IntegratedCoastalZoneManagement(Croatian:Integralnoupravljanjeobalnimpodručjem-stručnapodloga),URBOSd.o.o.,CroatianInstituteforSpatialdevelopment,2014

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Infrastructure. The Strategy itself is composed of a number of assessment documents138 and actionprogrammes.Monitoringandobservationprogramme139wereadoptedin2014andProgramofMeasuresfortheprotectionandmanagementof themarineenvironmentandthecoastalareaof theRepublicofCroatia, as the most comprehensive document addressing land-sea interactions, was adopted by theGovernmentin2017(OfficialGazette97/17).WhendevelopingtheProgramofMeasures,thesustainabledevelopmentandthesocialandeconomic impactsofthemeasuresenvisagedweretaken intoaccount.The existing measures were evaluated by an analysis of technical feasibility and cost-effectivenessanalysis,andasetoftechnicallyfeasibleandeffectivemeasureswasproposed.ByadoptingtheProgramofMeasures(September2017),thefirstcycleofdraftingthedocumentsofStrategyfortheManagementof the Marine Environment and Coastal Zone of the Republic of Croatia was completed. A StrategicFramework document, synthesizing all Strategy documents into a single one will be subject to publicconsultationprocessandprocedureforitsfinaladoptionbytheCroatianParliament.

FollowingtherequirementsoftheICZMProtocol,severalinitiativeswereundertakeninCroatia,includingpreparationoftheICZMguidelinesforDubrovnik-NeretvaCountyadoptedbyDubrovnik-NeretvaCountyAssembly in2011,aswellasCoastalPlan forŠibenik-KninCounty,approvedbytheCountyAssembly inApril2016.

Furthermore, there are several sectoral policies dealing with specific issues referring to coastal zones,suchas:

• theNatureProtectionAct(OG80/13,15/18),• theEnvironmentalProtectionAct(OG80/13,153/13,78/15,12/18),• theMaritimeDomainandSeaportsAct(OG158/13,100/04,141/06,38/09,123/11,56/16),• theIslandsAct(OG34/99,149/99,32/02,33/06)• theRegionalDevelopmentAct(OG147/14,123/17).

BESTPRACTICES

• TheMedPartnershipProject2009-2015140:isaprojectwhichoneofitsobjectivesistoimprovetheenvironmental conditionsof theareasmostprone topollutionpromoting the sustainableuseofmarine and coastal resources reduce pollution from land-based sources and by integrating theclimatepartintonationalmarineandcoastalplanning.

138Followingdocumentsareavailable: (i)InitialAssessmentoftheenvironmentalstatusofthemarinewaters; (ii)Social and Economic Analysis; (iii) Good Environmental Status and Environmental Targets; (iv) Initialassessmentofmarineenvironmentandcoastalareas

139http://www.mzoip.hr/doc/sustav_pracenja_i_promatranja_za_stalnu_procjenu_stanja_jadranskog_mora.pdf.140http://archive.iwlearn.net

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8.4 SLOVENIA

InSlovenia,theBarcelonaConventionhasbeenratifiedovertheyearswiththelegislationlistedinTable4.



Entryintoforce

BarcelonaConvention -16/09/1993Accession

15/03/1994

BarcelonaConventionAmendments N/A08/01/2003Accession

09/07/2004

DumpingProtocol -16/09/1993Accession

15/03/1994

DumpingProtocolAmendments N/A08/01/2003Accession

-

EmergencyProtocol - 16/09/1993 15/03/1994


17/03/2004

LBSProtocol -16/09/1993Accession

15/03/1994

LBSProtocolAmendments N/A08/01/2003Accession

11/05/2008

SPAProtocol -16/09/1993Accession

15/03/1994

SPAandBiodiversityProtocolandAnnexes - 08/01/2003 07/02/2003AmendmentstothelistsofAnnexesIIandIIIoftheSPAandBiodiversityProtocol(DecisionIG.19/12)

N/A N/A 13/02/2011


N/A N/A 30/03/2014


N/A N/A 16/04/2015

OffshoreProtocol 10/10/1995 - -HazardousWastesProtocol - - -

ICZMProtocol 21/01/200801/12/2009Ratification

24/03/2011

Table 4 - Status of Signatures and Ratifications of the Barcelona Convention and itsProtocolsinSloveniaatyear2018–Source:UNEP.

LAND-BASEDSOURCESANDACTIVITIESPROTOCOL

The Protocol on Land-Based Sources and Activitieswas the basis for the creation of all legislative plansrelatingtoenvironmentalprotectioninSlovenia.

141http://www.shape-ipaproject.eu/142https://www.msp-platform.eu

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In fact, since the drafting of the National Action Programme for the environment, many spin-offprogrammeshavebeendevisedconcerningtheprotectionofthemarineenvironmentfrombothlandandseaactivities,suchastheNationalActionProgrammefortheProtectionoftheMarineEnvironmentfromland-basedactivities143,theNationalMarineMonitoringProgrammeandtheNationalPlanforRespondingtoMarinePollution.

Themaincausesofpollutionofthemarineecosystemofterrestrialoriginaredueto:

• urbanwastewater,• industrialeffluentsfrommetalworking,lacquering,electroplating,thefoodindustryandnon-point

sources(agricultureandatmosphere).

Forthisreason,therequirementsoftheLSBProtocolarecontained intheUrbanWasteWaterDirective,theWaterFrameworkDirectiveandnationallegislation.

Therefore,theSloveniangovernmentaimstoprovideprimarytreatmentforurbanwastewaterdischargedinto rivers through the establishment and improvement of programmes to monitor and manage thedischargeofeffluents.

In addition, the port of Koper and other marinas also contribute to the degradation of the marineenvironment.Infact,pollutionfromshippingincludesoilpollution,dredginganddumpingofwatercourses,aswellasthepotentialintroductionofnon-nativefauna.

Forthisreason,environmentalinspectorshavebeenappointedtoidentifythemainsourcesofland-basedpollutionthroughbio-chemicalanalysisofwater.

Therefore, Slovenia has invested large financial resources in construction of waste water collection andtreatmentinfrastructureplantsaftertheaccessiontotheEU.Thisdevelopmenthassignificantlydecreasedland-basedpressuresonthemarineenvironment.Datafromnationalmonitoringshowasubstantialdropinbiologicaloxygendemand(BOD5).LookingatBOD5fromdirectmarine inputsand inflowsof riversontheSloveniancoastacomparisonof2011-2015yearlyaverageand2004-2008yearlyaverageshowsa92%decreaseinemissions.Thiscoincideswiththerisingtrendofthepercentageoftertiarytreatedwastewaterin the area. Thus in 2011 66% of dischargedwastewaterwent through tertiary treatment. In 2015 thispercentageroseto99%.Decreasedpressurecanbeobservedalsothroughmonitoringthestateofmarinewaters.DataonmeasurementsoftotalNitrogeninSloveneseashowadecreasingtrendintheperiod2011–2014.

SPECIALLYPROTECTEDAREASANDBIOLOGICALDIVERSITYPROTOCOL

TherearesomeproblemsregardingreportingaboutimplementationoftheProtocol.TheimplementationoftheProtocolismostlycoveredbytheEUandnationallegislationwhichhasbeendescribedabove.

143Currentlybeingdrawnup.

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PROTOCOLONINTEGRATEDCOASTALZONEMANAGEMENT(ICZM)

SloveniawasthefirstcountrywhichratifiedtheProtocol(on25thSeptember2009).Thisdatewasdeclareda Mediterranean Coast day, which is being celebrated every year in all countries around theMediterranean. The implementation of the Protocol: as described above some initiatives for theimplementationof thearticle8 (establishmentofacoastal setbackzone)havebeencarriedout.For themanagement of the proposed coastal/marine belt a permanent coordination group has been proposed(according article 7). The content of other articles is more or less successfully included in theimplementationoflegislationalreadyinplace.

BESTPRACTICES



144https://www.msp-platform.eu145http://www.shape-ipaproject.eu/

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9 Regulatory benchmarking

Thisparagraphprovidesacomparativeanalysisofalllegislativeoutputdescribedinthisreport.

Starting from the documentation of the national plans, for each theme, considerations will be maderegardingthestateofimplementationofEuropeandirectivesinthevariousCountries,sometimesevenatregionallevel.

Inaddition,thestateofthelegislationwillbeassessedinordertounderstandwhichcountriesaretakingactioninthevarioussectors.

9.1 Aquaculture

The legislative production in the aquaculture sector of the various Countries is fairly homogeneous. Thecommonobjectiveofthevariousstrategicplansiscertainlythesustainablegrowthofaquaculturethroughtheuseofcoordinatedspatialplanningtoolsandtheincreaseofthepotentialofthesites.

InItaly,lawsarerecentandorientedtowardsthemodernizationandreorganizationofthesector.

TheStrategicPlanforItalianAquacultureisthemainplanningtoolforaquacultureandfishingactivitiesinItalyandisinforcefrom2014to2020.Itaimstodevelopandmanageaquacultureactivitiesinthenationalaquaticterritorysothatitcancreatejobs,economyandsocialbenefits.

TheStrategicPlanforAquacultureinItalyisinlinewiththeEuropeanAquacultureProgrammingDirectivesalso from the point of view of the innovative objectives concerning "smart, sustainable and inclusive"growth,whicharepartoftheEurope2020strategyandbluegrowth.

AsfarasrelationswithMSFD,WFDandMPSareconcerned, Italy is inthemiddleofthe implementationphase of the European directives concerning fish farming, water management and spatial planningactivities.

AquaculturelegislationinGreececonsistsofaseriesoflawsgoverningallactivities.

Greecehasdevelopedamulti-annualNational StrategicPlan for thedevelopmentof aquaculture,whichcoverstheprogrammingofactivitiesfortheperiod2014-2020andismainlyaimedatincreasingproductioninasustainableway.

The spatial planning of aquaculture implemented by the Special Framework of Spatial Planning andSustainable Development for Aquaculture which regulates aquaculture spatially, both at sea and inlandwaters,coversallaquaticorganismswitheconomicinterestandmainlyreferstomarineaquaculture,asitis the sector with the need for spatial regulation and the protection of aquatic species of economicimportanceandsetsouttheobligationtodesignateAreasofOrganisedAquacultureDevelopment.

WithregardtorelationswithMSFDandWFD,Greecehasimplementedmeasuresbothinthemanagementofaquacultureandinfrastructure.

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Croatia has a National Strategic Aquaculture Development Plan for the period 2014/2020 (draft) and ismainlyaimedatregulatingaquacultureactivityandnewproceduresformonitoringandcontroloffarmingsites.Also,newAquacultureActwasadopted in2017(OfficialGazette130/17). Inaddition,Croatia is, incomparison to the other countries under consideration, the one which has most developed updatedlegislationforspatialplanning.

SloveniahasaNationalStrategicPlanforFisheriesDevelopmentintheRepublicofSlovenia2014-2020,themain objective of which is to use methods that reduce the negative impact of aquaculture on theenvironment.Ithasalsodevelopedaregulationforspatialplanningofthemarinearea

Asforthebestpracticesintheaquaculturesector,all4countrieshavelaunchedprojectsthatpromotethedevelopmentof fauna inasustainableway,alsoactivatingcooperationprogramsbetweenthem,suchasItalyandCroatiawhichareinvolvedinthe"BlueInnovationProgramme"andbetweenCroatiaandSloveniawiththeProgramme"Aquafarm2019".

9.2 Coastalandmaritimetourism

Withregardtothistopic,thebestpracticesofthe4countriesexaminedarecompared.

In general, apart from Greece, where the production of spatial planning legislation on this subject atnationalleveliscurrentlyongoing,afterthecancellationofbothSpecialFrameworksofSpatialPlanningforTourism (2009, 2013) by the Council of State, the other 3 Countries are occupied in the drafting ofregulatory toolsable toprovidenewstrategies for thegrowthanddevelopmentofcoastalandmaritimetourism,inlinewithEuropeandirectives.

ThecommonlinewhichisfollowedbyalltheCountriesisastrategyforthesustainablegrowthofcoastalandmaritimetourism.

Italy is the country that ismost committed to this sector (mainly due to the size of the coastline to bemanaged), drawing up a strategic plan full of proposals and innovations that aims to implement in theshortest possible time. The many best practices that is developing are all geared to environmentalsustainability, redevelopment of marine and coastal areas and the development of digital platforms toimproveandoptimizecommunicationsbetweenthevariousoperatorsinvolvedinthetourismindustry.

So, the guidelines for the Italian system for next 6 years will be innovation, sustainability andcompetitiveness.

Croatiahasastrategyforthedevelopmentofcoastalandmaritimetourismintheperiod2013-2020,whichismainlyaimedatimprovementoftouristinfrastructureandimprovementoftourismoffer.Also,ithastheStrategy for development of nautical tourism, for the period of 2009-2019, with number of measuresfocusedonincreasingandimprovinginfrastructurefornauticaltourismbutalsowithmeasuresaddressingsustainableuseandmanagementofcoastalresources,basedonitscarryingcapacity.

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SloveniahasatourismstrategybasedonthesustainablegrowthstrategyofSloveniantourism2017-2021,whichfocusesonsustainability.

Inthebestpracticesrelatedtothetourismsector,Italyiscertainlythecountrywiththelargestinitiativesaimedatmitigatingtheimpactoftourismonareasofhighnaturalvalueandonthedevelopmentofareaswithhightourismpotential.Moreover, Italy isveryorientedtowardsthedevelopmentofnewintegratedplatformsthatconnectothercountrieswiththecommongoalofdevelopingtourisminasustainableway.

Greeceisveryactiveininitiativesinvolvingcoastalcleaningandseaprotectionactions.

Croatia,ontheotherhand,isdevelopingstrategiesforthesustainabledevelopmentoftourism.

Finally,Slovenia,inadditiontothecreationofnewtouristparks,isveryactiveintheorganizationofeventsthathaveapositiveimpactonusers.

9.3 Renewableenergies

Italy adopted the national plan for renewable energy in 2010, according to the framework of action toproduceenergyfromrenewablesources.

An importantnewdevelopment isproposedbytheEuropeanCommission in2014withanactionplantosupport the development of ocean energy. Italy is doing a lot of work in this sector with numerousinitiativesandstudiesaimedatdesigningwaystoexploittheenergyoftheoceans.

In 2017 Italy adopted the new national energy strategy that sets a target for the growth of renewableenergysourcesby2030thatisgreaterthanthatsetbytheEuropeanUnion.

Italy ispursuingnumerousbestpracticesandprojectsthankstothetranspositionofEuropeandirectives.ThedevelopmentofthissectorhasexpandedalsothankstothefactthatItaly,foritsphysicalconformationand itsclimaticaspects,possessesnumeroussourcesofrenewableenergythatcanbeeasilyexploitedtoproduceenergy.

GreecehasfullyimplementedtheEuropeanDirectivesthroughtheproductionofnationallegislationonthedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesforelectricityproduction.

As regards the relationshipwith the FrameworkDirective, it is fully compatible andwell-integratedwithnationallegislation.

Croatia also has its own legislative framework for the sector, consisting of laws on renewable energysources, theEnergyStrategy(OG130/09)andtheNationalActionPlanforrenewableenergyactivefromtheyear2013.NewEnergyStrategyandtheoverallnationalDevelopmentisindevelopment.

AsregardstherelationshipwithEUdirectives,nationallegislationisstronglyrelatedtotheMSFDandWFD.

AboutSlovenia,onlytheactionplanforrenewableenergysourcesby2020isknown.

Regardingrenewableenergysources,Italyisaveryadvancedcountryandprofitableintermsofinitiativesaimedatusingalternativesustainablesources,especiallythankstothegeomorphologicalcharacteristicsof

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thiscountry thatalloweasyexploitation.Also in thiscasetherearenumerous initiativesofcollaborationwithmanyEuropeancountriesincludingGreeceandCroatia.

GreecehasbecomeapioneercountryinthefieldofenergyproducedthroughtheexploitationofwindwiththeTilosIslandproject,butalsowiththenumerouswindparkslocatedinvariousareasoftheCountry.

Croatiaisalsoactiveinnumerousinitiativesaimedatusingrenewableenergysources.ThePatresprojectincollaborationwithotherEuropeanCountries,includingItaly,isofmajorimportance.

Finally, Slovenia, which thanks to its commitment in this area, in recent years has reached high levelsespeciallyforthemanagementofenergyincitiesbywinningtheawardasthegreencapitalofEuropeforLjubljana.

9.4 Fishery

Inthisarea,all4countriesarepursuinginharmonytheobjectivesofthereformoftheCommonFisheriesPolicy,whichentered into force in January2014, addressing the livelihoodsof fishermenand seeking tocurboverfishinganddepletionof fishstocks.Severalprojectshavebeenfundedbetween2014and2020aimed at guiding fishermen towards sustainable fishing and coastal communities towards thediversificationoftheireconomiesthroughtheintroductionofinnovativefishingtechniques,thecreationofnewoutletsforseaproductsandtheimprovementofthequalityoflifeincoastalareas.

In Italy there are many regulatory updates in the field of fisheries. European directives have beenimplemented through the issuanceof legislativedecrees. These aim toestablishmeasures to reorganizethesector through themodernizationofpractices followingeco-sustainabilityobjectivesprovidedby theEuropeandirectivesMSFD,WFDandMSPas:

• developmentofproductionsystemswithlowenvironmentalimpactandfornewspecies• promotionofsustainable,competitiveanddiversifiedfisheries.

Inaddition,in2014monitoringplansweredefined,carriedoutbyresearchcorporationswhichwillcontrolallactivitieswithin12nauticalmiles.

Greece implements the rules of the common policy through monitoring, control and enforcementmeasures,mainlywithaviewtointroducingnewtechnologiestosupportfishingandaquacultureactivities.

The 2014/2020 operational programme is expected creation of jobs and diversification within and/oroutsidefisheriesandaquaculturesectorsandthesustainableexploitationofrelatedproductsthroughtheimplementationofcomprehensivelocaldevelopmentstrategies.

Inaddition,GreeceisveryactiveintheblueeconomyinagreementwiththeMSFD.

AsfarasCroatiaisconcerned,theregulatorymeasuresareinlinewiththeEuropeandirectivesMSFD,WFDandMSPandaimmainlyat thecontrolandmonitoringof systems incompliancewith theconstraintsofeco-sustainability.

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Ingeneral,allCountriesareveryactive inthissectorandarecommittedtothepromotionofsustainablefisheries.Thegreatesteffortsaremadeespeciallyinprotectedareas,whererecklessfishingactivitiescouldcompromisethemarineecosystemoftheseplaces.

Inparticular,inadditiontoparticipatinginthemanagementoffishingactivitiesthroughnumerousprojectssharedwithothercountries,Italyalsofocusesitsattentiononsmalllocalrealities.

9.5 Cross-implementationof“sea-related”ECdirectives

In thispart,wewill try tounderstandthedegreeofcoordinationbetweenthedifferentWFD,MSFDandfloodplansinordertoidentifyfurtherpotentialinitiatives.

InItaly,theMSPstrategyaimsatboththesustainablegrowthofmaritimeeconomiesandthesustainabledevelopmentofmarineareasand theuseof its resources. It is closely linked to the IntegratedMaritimePolicy,whichstartedwiththeBluePaper,COM(2007)575,whiletheIMSisitsenvironmentalpillar.Multi-sectoralpolicyisalsocloselylinkedtointegratedcoastalzonemanagement.

AfirstproposalforaRegulationoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilisthatof29October2010establishing a “Programme to support the further development of an IntegratedMaritimePolicy” (COM(2010)494)

TheMinistryofInfrastructureandTransporthasputintopracticetheEUstrategyonintegratedmaritimepolicythroughaNationalMaritimeTechnologicalPlatforminspiredbytheEuropeanWaterbornePlatform.The coordinated development of this network therefore requires technological growth, research andinnovationinthemarineandmaritimesector.

AsregardsGreece,thethreedirectiveshavebeenintegratedintothenationallegislativesystem.Boththeexisting legislation and the plans that are currently into force are trying to achieve the objective of theIntegratedMaritimePolicy.

TheCroatianlegalframeworkisinlinewiththeMSFD,theFMSPandtheWFD.Inaddition,thecountryhasset up a committee of experts to draw up and implement the Management Strategy for MarineEnvironmentandCoastalAreas.

InSlovenia,coordinationbetweenMSFDs,MSPshasreachedappreciablelevelsofefficiency,mainlyduetotheinstitutionsthathavebeeninvolvedinbothproceedings.AsregardscoordinationwiththeWFD,ahighlevelofcoordinationhasnotyetbeenachieved,althoughtheWFDbodiesarecontinuingtoworkonthisissue.

9.6 Protectedareas

In Italy,marineprotected areas are establishedpursuant to Lawsn°979of 1982 andn°394of 1991 andregulatedbytheDecreeoftheMinisteroftheEnvironment,whichcontainsthenameanddelimitationofthearea,theobjectivesandprotectionregulationsforwhichprotectionisaimed.

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InItaly,theregulationshavebeenappliedtotheprotectionoftheseaatlocallevel,mainlyfortheresearchandstudyofthemarineenvironmentandall interactionswiththeexternalenvironment,butalsofortheprotectionoftheentirecoastalarea.

Infact,eachregion,afterhavingobtainedtherecognitionof"marineprotectedarea"foritsownarea,hasproducedlegislationthatcanregulatethemanagementofitsterritoryfortheprotectionoftheuseofthecoast.

AnexampleistheRegionalPlanforthecoastsofApulia,bornthankstoaregionallawof2006thatprovidesforthedivisionofthemanagementofseaareasbyregions,provincesandmunicipalities.

AnotherexampleofanintegratedplanistheTorreGuacetoPlan,approvedin2013andaimedatpursuingthe objectives of conservation of flora and fauna through the promotion of scientific research but alsoeducationinlanduse.

Greecehasdevotedagreatdealofresourcestothisarea,culminatingin2017withtheCMD50743/2017-GG4432/B/2017,adding100newprotectedareas,27ofwhichareinthemarineenvironment.

To date, the marine parks managed according to the parameters of the new regulations are those ofZakynthosandNorthernSporades,althoughasubstantialincreaseisexpectedinthecomingyears.

Croatia has several acts anddocuments, including spatial plans, defining guidelines for thedevelopmentandmanagement ofmarine protected areas. In addition, it has set up initiatives for Specially ProtectedAreasofMediterranean Importanceunder theASPProtocol to theBarcelonaConvention,whichaims topromotecooperationinthemanagementandconservationofnaturalareas,aswellasintheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitats.

Slovenia is the only country under study to be lagging in terms of the objectives of the SPA (speciallyprotectedareas)Protocol formarineprotectedareasandthere isnoprospectofanychange in thenearfuture.

Instead, regarding the integration between the two sectors of protection of the maritime and coastalterritory,several initiativeshavebeenoutlinedsuchastheCampCoastalAreaManagementPlanandtheShapeShapingapproach.

As far as protected areas are concerned, best practices are numerous and involve all 4 countries innumeroussharedEuropeanprojects.Alsointhiscase,Italyisthecountrywheretheactivitiesarevastandaimedaboveallatmitigatingthehumanimpactsonthemarinesystemandspreadingtheimportanceofitsprotection.

9.7 BarcelonaConventionProtocols

TheBarcelonaConventionhas,overtheyears,givenrisetoagenuinemissiontosafeguardthesea.Manyaspectshavedevelopedfromthecommonperspectiveofsustainabilityintheuseofthemarineecosystem.For this reason, the regulatory production of the 4 countries was quite homogeneous for the threeprotocolswhichitwasdecidedtodeepen.

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ItalyandGreeceinparticularhavebeenveryactiveintermsoflegislationontheFourthProtocolonMarineProtectedAreas,especiallyastheynaturallyhavemarineareasofparticularenvironmentalvalue.

AsfarasProtocolnumber7isconcerned,whichintroducesandregulatestheconceptofintegratedcoastalzonemanagement, formanyyearsnowtheCAMP(CoastalAreaManagementProgramme)Projectshavebeenstartedwith theaimof testing the integratedmanagementactionsof the sea-coastalareason theprojectareas.

Ingeneral, itcanbesaidthatthereisagreatdealofsynergybetweentheBarcelonaConventionandtheMSFD,sincenationalactionwithinthelatteralsosupportstheimplementationofcertainobligationsarisingfromtheBarcelonaConventionand itsProtocols. Forexample, thenationalprogrammesofmeasuresoftheMSFDalsoaimtoserveasnationalactionplansrequiredbytheLBSProtocol.

Italy has proved to be a country very sensitive to the protection of the marine ecosystem and theprotection of coastlines, in fact, it was one of the first countries to sign the protocol that deals withintegratedplanningoftheseareas.

Italyhas implemented theMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective2008/56/EC,withLegislativeDecreeno.190of13October2010,butiscurrentlypreparingthebasisforaNationalStrategyforIntegratedCoastalZoneManagement.

Greecehasalsoprovedtobeaveryactivecountryinthisarea,withtheratificationofthevariousprotocolstotheBarcelonaConvention,especiallyLBS(land-basedsources)andSPA(speciallyprotectedareas).Thefirst one entered into force in 1987 and subsequently amended in 2003 and became effective in 2008,whilethePPSmeasureswereintegratedintotheMSFD.

AnimportantstepforwardwastakenwiththeMD40332/2014whichestablishedtheStrategicActionPlanfortheconservationofmarineandcoastalbiodiversity2014-2029.(GG2383/B/2014)

However,theICZMProtocol,whichwassignedbackin2008,hasnotyetbeenratified.

TheRepublicofCroatiawasoneofthefirstcountriestosignthe(amendmentofthe)BarcelonaConventionand has adopted the Act on Ratification of the Amendments to the Protocol on the Protection of theMediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (OG 03/06). In addition, anationalstrategy for thecontrolofpollutionatseahasbeenadopted,which includespollutionresponseplans.Thisstrategywasthenalsoimplementedatlocallevelbythecounties.

As regards the transposition of the SPA/BD Protocol, Croatia adopted in 2008 the Action Plan for theprotectionofbiologicalandlandscapediversity.

The ICZM Protocol was ratified in 2010 (OG – IT 8/2012). Some of the provisions of the Protocol wereaddressed by other national acts, such as Physical Planning Act (OG 153/13, 65/17) which also definesprotected coastal areas (PCAs) with restrictions for construction and use. Croatia has also adopted the“ProgrammeofMeasuresforProtectionandManagementoftheMarineEnvironmentandtheCoastalAreaof theRepublic of Croatia”, oneof the key actions programmesdevelopedwithin the frameworkof the

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Strategy for the management of the marine environment and the coastal zone, that incorporatesrequirementsoftheMSFDandICZMProtocol,takingintoconsiderationsMSPDirectiveaswell.

Furthermore,thereareseveralsectoralpoliciesdealingwithspecificissuesreferringtocoastalzones.

Slovenia has implemented the LBS Protocol investing significant financial resources in the infrastructurewhichhascontributedtothereductionofwaterpollution.

SloveniawasalsothefirstcountrytoratifytheICZMProtocoltotheBarcelonaConventionin2009.Sincethen,many initiatives have been created and a coordination group for coastal/marinemanagement hasalsobeensetup.

On the Protocols of the Barcelona Convention have not been found many news concerning the bestpracticesforthevariousCountriesrelatedtotheproject.However,theCampproject, linkedtotheICMZprotocol,isagreatinitiativeforthesustainabledevelopmentofcoastalareas.

c.1.3.6 sectorial policies

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