cancer 5th sem

8/14/2019 Cancer 5th Sem

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SILIGURI INSTITUTE OFSILIGURI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Name:-Moina Ersad.

B-Tech ,3rd Year ,5thSemester

Department of BiomedicalEngineering.

Roll No.:-11931061009

Session:-2008-2009Guide Teacher:-SujanK.Samanta


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Topic of Seminar:-Topic of Seminar:-

MODERN DAYS

CANCER

THERAPY


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CANCER:-CANCER:-

Cancer is regarded as a group ofdiseases characterised by:

ii) Abnormal growth of cellsiii) Ability to invade adjacent tissues

iv) Eventual death of the affected

person if the tumour has progressedbeyond that stage where it can besuccessfully removed.


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Overview of cancerous cells.Overview of cancerous cells.


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Microscopic view of the rapidly dividingMicroscopic view of the rapidly dividing

cancer cellscancer cells..


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ITS CAUSES:-ITS CAUSES:-

Prolonged use of cosmetics like black

or dark brown hair dyes.Parental use of pesticides or exposure

to petrochemicals industry at the time

of pregnancy.Eating meat of cattle which have been

injected with high levels of estrogenbefore slaughter.

Industrial carcinogens like poly vinylchloride (PVC), organic compoundsetc.


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Smoking ,Drinking

Locations

Heredity and reproductive history.

Exposure to X-Rays.

Chronic irritation.Various types of body implants.


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ITS TREATMENTITS TREATMENT

OPTIONS:-OPTIONS:-

1. Surgery

2. Radiation therapy

3. Chemotherapy4. Conventional drugs

5. Vaccines


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1.SURGERY:-1.SURGERY:-

Usually the first line of treatment.If detected earlier ,the patient may be

cured surgically.

Its application depends upon the size,location and stage of the disease.

Often used in combination with

chemotherapy or radiation therapy.


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2.RADIATION2.RADIATION

THERAPY:-THERAPY:-

How they work?

High energywaves

Cancerousgrowth

Cause damagewithin cells

Preventaccurate

cell division

Causes cells to die

What types of cancer are treated?About 60% of cancer cases require radiation therapy.For example: Prostrate, skin, head and neck, throat,larynx, breast, brain, lung, bone, leukemia, ovarian,

uterus cancers etc.


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What are the different types of Radiation Therapy?

What are the drawbacks of Radiation Therapy?

Not specific to cancerous cells, may damagehealthy cells as well. Only cells in division state are sensitive to

radiation therapy. It takes a lot of time ,i.e. over a few weeks.

RadiationTherapy

Internal Radiation External Radiation Photon Radiation Particle Radiation


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3.CHEMOTHERAPY:-3.CHEMOTHERAPY:-

How they work?The term chemotherapy or chemo refers to the

wide range of chemicals used to treat cancercells. They generally work by killing dividing

cells by disrupting the normal cell divisionprocedure.

What are the types of cancer treated?

About 80% of all the cancers requirechemotherapy. They include Leukemia,

bladder, breast ,osteogenic ,pancreatic ,colon,stomach ,rectal, liver and skin cancers.


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What are the different types ofchemicals used in Chemotherapy?

Antimetabolites:-Interfere with theformation of key biomolecules like

nucleotides and hence interfere withDNA replication and thereby celldivision.

Genotoxic Drugs:-Damage DNA.Spindle inhibitors:-Interfere with

cytoskeletal components like spindle

fibers that enables cell division.


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What are the different drawbacks ofChemotherapy?

Chemicals like methoxate aretoxic athigh doses.

Hepatotoxicity (damaging effects on

liver) is possible at high or low dosageconcentration of drug

Causes physical side effects like mouth

sores, extreme hair loss, skin rash etc.Normal dividing cells are also affected

sometimes.


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..DRUGS:-DRUGS:-How they work?

They comprise of different drugs in theform of antibodies, hormones etc.which prevent cancer cell growth or

causes the death of the cancer cells inmany different ways.

What are the types of cancer treated?

Cancer detected in its early stages aregenerally treated by conventionaldrugs. They include breast, ovarian andprostrate cancers in their early stages.


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What are thedifferent types

ofConventionaldrugs?

HormonalTreatments

Specific

inhibitorsAntibodies


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5.VACCINES:-5.VACCINES:-

Their purpose is to stimulate the bodys owndefence against cancer. They usually containproteins found or produced by cancer cells.

THE FIRST CANCER PREVENTIONTHE FIRST CANCER PREVENTION

VACCINEVACCINE:-:-The majority of the cervical cancers are believed

to be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). In laboratory it is possible to construct non

infectious virus like particles (VLP). They are similar to infectious viruses but are

free of viral DNA and hence cant reproduce.


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On injecting into body, they generateimmune response quiet strongly.

This vaccine is commercially known asGardasil.

Recently, on 6th October 2008,thediscoverer of this virus(HPV), Dr.Harald Zur Hausen, 72 , of GermanCancer Research Centre was awarded

the Nobel Prize in Medicine.


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STATISTICAL INFORMATION:-STATISTICAL INFORMATION:-


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CONCLUSION:-CONCLUSION:-

Prevention of Cancer is not in our hands.But we can do many things within ourcapacity like avoiding toxic foodsubstances, abstaining from tobacco

and other known carcinogens, usingenvironmental friendly products etc.


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REFERENCES:-REFERENCES:- www.cancerquest.org

www.ezinearticles.com

www.oncolink.com/types

www.heall.com Preventive and Social Medicine ,by

K. Park.
http://www.cancerquest.org/http://www.ezinearticles.com/http://www.oncolink.com/typeshttp://www.heall.com/http://www.heall.com/http://www.oncolink.com/typeshttp://www.ezinearticles.com/http://www.cancerquest.org/


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cancer 5th sem

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