cannabis health - [sep/oct 2003]

8/14/2019 Cannabis Health - [Sep/Oct 2003]

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3/36also read seed bying tip on page 3


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2 CANNABIS HEALTH the medical marijuan

Editorial........................................................................................... 4

Hippie Nation Invites......................................................................5

Production Notes..................................................................................5

Too good to be true..........................................................................................................11

Paul Henderson on Health Canadas July 9th un-solution.

Cannabis Trade Association..............................................................................................14 Ad vantages to a broad base of businesses.

Hitzig Appeal......................................................................................................................14 Report by Jari Dvorak.

Summer of Legalization Tour..........................................................................................15 Marc challenges every province.

Growing your own medicine at home...........................................................................16

Choosing the best growing system for your needs.

Doobs & Stones wont break your bones....................................................................22Cannabis at the SA R S concert in Toronto.

Flushing Cannabis............................................................................................................24

Not down the toilet... but preventing nutrient lock-up in the roots

The Big Book of Buds.......................................................................................................25 Book review on Ed R osenth als book of everything you need to kn ow.

Getting help with cannabis nutrient research.............................................................26 Medical user Brian Carlisle gets help for nutrient experiment.

Hemp Tea............................................................................................................................29 A H emp Tea experiment. ( interview)

Friendly Business Directory.......................................................................................30/31Friends of the Foundation, where you can pick up your issue of Cannabis Health

Classifieds..........................................................................................32

I N SI D E@C A N N A BI S H EA LTHw w w. c a n n a b is h e a l th . c o m

Editor: Brian Taylor - Production: Brian McAndrew - Sales: Lisa Smith -Accounting Barb Cornelius - Distribution: Mandy Nordahn - Shipping &Receiving: Gordon Taylor - Web: Brian McAndrew.Cannabis Health is published 6 times per year by Cannabis Health Foundation,P.O.Box 1481,Grand Forks, B.C. Canada V0H 1H0, Phone: 1-250-442-5166 Fax: 1-250-442-5167 No part of this magazine may be reproduced in any form,print or electronic,without written permission of the publisher. For subscription information use phone or fax or e-mail: [email protected] Health is also reproduced on the web in downloadable pdf format at cannabishealth.com/downloadable.

Visit our website at cannabishealth.com for extended ver-sions of the stories and links to information and resources.

F e a t u r e S t o r yPage 6

Dr. Ethan Russo oncannabis and pain.

NOTE:

We sincerely apologize to Dr. Willem Scholten from theOffice of Medical Cannabis in the Netherlands, and toMs. Fran Klass from the Dru g Information Journ al whoholds the copyright. In edition #4 on Page 14, in the

article, Licensing in Th e Netherlands by Allen Town ,quotes were taken from the article Dutch MeasuresTo Control Medical Grade Marijuana: FacilitatingClinical Trials, by Willem Scholten (Drug InformationJourn al, Vol. 35, pp. 481484, 2001) and we did notinterview Dr. Scholten, nor give proper credit to DrugInformation Journal.

This issues cover

touches a personalcord with us atCannabis Health.

From time to timesome have found itan effective addition,if not complete painrelief alternative.

C O V E R

The Cannabis Health Foundation was formed in the springof 2002 as a non-profit foundation.

The foundation is dedicated to: Promoting the safe medicinal use of cannabis. Research into efficacy and genetics of cannabis. Supporting and protecting the rights of the medical cannabis users. Educating the public on cannabis issues.The first initiative of the foundation is this complimentary hard copypublication of Cannabis Health .Other activities will include financial and practical support for lowincome patients and the establishment of a legal defense fund.The free hard copy of Cannabis Health is also reproduced in whole onthe World Wide Web at cannabishealth.com (the foundation website)with extended stories and hot links to resources and information.

SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATIONIf you would like to receive 6 copies per year of the most informativeresource for medical marijuana available,subscribe to Cannabis Health by sending your name and address and a cheque to Cannabis HealthFoundation, P.O.Box 1481, Grand Forks, B.C., V0H 1H0 (USA send CAN$45.00cdn and foreign send $75.00cdn)
http://www.cannabishealth.com/http://www.cannabishealth.com/


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http://www.cannabishealth.com/http://www.cannabishealth.com/issue_01/ask_ethan.htm


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4 C A N N A B I S H E A L T H t h e m e d i c a l m a r i j u a n a j

ED I T O R@C A N N A BI S H EA LTH

In this issue CHJcovers one of themost importantmedical and ethi-cal issues of thecentury, an emo-tional battle

ground of con-flicting beliefs,the topic of pain.We havechosen to take a

substantial journalistic risk and publishan edited, and slightly modified versionof a "White Pape r" by Dr. Ethan Russo.Although substantially shorter, the con-tent has been retained.We have nottried to change the scientific languageand we are convinced that ourcannabis consuming readers will makesense of the rep ort regardless of whether they understand every med-ical term or not.We hope and expectour readers w ill keep this edition as areference docume nt and possibly shareit with their physicians.Our gratitude to Dr. Russo for sharingthis risk and for making available to ourreaders and to the general pub lic, thistimely and concise information.Working with our advertisers and writ-ing the article on home growingoptions in Growing your own medi-cine at home , I was struck by several

common alities.They are ow ner-opera-tors, hands-on w ith products and

involved with their customers and sup-pliers;your b asic grass roots en trepre-neurs. They are op timistic, creative andtalented and have a long-range vision of the future of the industry, some havegotten th ere a bit early, some are new,some are survivors from the hemp

movement.Watch out when they getorganized and look out for Canadasnewe st trade association, the CannabisBio-pro duc ts Trade Association comingto your province soon.Interesting reaction from the US overthe Canadian Governme nt same sexmarriage decision, and the p ot lawchanges, after we refused to go to w ar.Is the p hilosoph ical gap widening, arewe truly the new "hipp ie nation"? TheBush Administration and th e new drugCzar, Karen Tracy cont inue to search fornew ways to undermine the authorityof California and other states that haveapproved the use of medical marijuana,and now in a new offensive are seekingthe pow er to investigate ph ysicianswho advised seriously ill patients thatmedicinal marijuana may be a legiti-mate treatment for debilitating illness.As discouraging as it may be to watchthe secon d US civil war unfold, I amheartened by two events.The first wasa recent vote in congress that wouldhave ended the attack on the Statemedical marijuana movement.The vote

was lost 152 to 273, but the movementwas substantial.The debate that fol-

lowed was as interesting, as some of the nays admitted that th ey were vot-ing against the b ill not b ecause the ydid not support the medical user, butbecause their constituents would notbe comfortable.At least this wasacknowledging that the vote was cul-

tural political, not scientific.The otherevent, not to be overlooked, was areport from the InternationalCannabinoid Symposium held inCanada in June. Participants rep orted anew, more positive attitude. No longerwas the DEA asking science to find thedamage that marijuana is wreackingand researchers were more open-mind-ed and even enthusiastic over identify-ing the p ositive impacts of the p lant.Finally on a hem p n ote. Recen tly JasonFinnis, Hemptown 's chief operatingofficer announc ed th at he is lookingto raise $25 million to build mills inCanada and a market for fabric-gradehemp, which he is now forced to buyin China.The recep tion that Jasonreceived from the same experts w as atbest reserved.Well, let me change thatrecep tion.You h ave my pe rsonal sup-port and that of many other Canadians.Indeed a Canadian fabric operation ispossible and economically viable.Are th ey unaware th at this is the guywho bounced back and has made hishemp comp any Hempto wn a "dizzying

succe ss"? Yes you can, Jason!

Brian Taylor Editor-in-Chief

Professional compliment"Congratulations to Matt Elrod for hisconcise article in the May/June issue of Cannabis Health.As someone with ex ten-sive first-hand knowledge of bothHortaPharm and GW Pharmaceuticals, Ican attest to the accuracy of the story,and applaud his balanced and distinctlyunsensational presentation of the issues.Consistent journalism of this caliber willserve to promote your magazine as apublication of serious intent."Sincerely,David W. Pate, Ph.D., M.Sc.

Im productive now!This is just a quick letter to say twothings. Firstly, I love your magazine.Second, referring to issue #4, the articleon GW Pharmaceuticals.I was addicted to heroin, then I put

myself on Methadone. I must just saythat marijuana is the ONLY way I wasable to succesfully get off Methadone. The sweatingdisappears, the stomach set-t le s, and your appet it ecomes back. I only smokepot now, and will do so for-ever. It honestly saved mylife, and I be lieve it still is!Also, I found that smokingoil was the complete "cure"for w ithdrawals. I found yourarticle so interesting, I faxeda copy to my old"methadone" doctor.I am today a productive gar-dener and a student and I amvery interested in the work that GW Pharmaceuticalsdoes. Any follow-up articles

would be great. KEEP UP THE GOODWORK ! Thanx - Carol

cartoon by Glenn Smith from Osoyoos, B.C.

LETTERS


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C A N N A B I S H E A L T H t h e m e d i c a l m a r i j u a n a j o u r n a l

Production NotesHere we are at the end of our first yearand the Journal has gone through quitean evolution in content and d esign. Ithas been the job of the editor to makesure that what you are reading is goingto capture and keep your interest, withthe sales people finding the financialsupport through th e advertisers.My job as production guy is to take thestories that our editor gathers, take theads that the sales team gathers, (some

come in camera ready and others Idesign) and lay it out in a way thateveryone likes. It has to reflect the con-tent of the stories as well as everyoneelses wishes.We all discuss the kind of things we want the cover and contentto reflect, and then it is up to me to dothe rest.Since the first edition and in every oneof them since,we have been incorporat-ing small changes to help make the mag-azine more appealing visually as well aseasy to read. It also has to keep up w iththe dynamic nature of the cannabisissue. Some things go in at the lastminute. One thing we do is to try andkeep all the stories in a continuous for-mat to keep you from jumping all overthe p lace to finish a story. It is impossi-ble to do it all the time, though. We p laywith p icture and colour to make it morevisually appealing. These small changeshelp us improve the quality of the

Journal in either content, design, orboth. These changes have been madewith an evolutionary reaction to ourreadership and advertisers.It is with this in mind that I get to bethe one to announce a new coverdesign for our First Anniversary Issue,#7, November/December - the nextone. Not only a new cover, but a wholenew look and feel for our website atcannabishealth.com.We have been maturing and feel thisnew look and feeling with the coverand web will reflect the way we haveevolved in this first year.I must say that I get a lot of freedom tobe able to create and do my thing., Ieven get to write sometimes,but I dontget my way all the time. Among otherthings, I wanted to have a different p icfor the one above and I was outvoted.. .unanimously... oh well, winsome - loose some.

Brian McAn drewProduction Manager

TH E H I PPI E N ATI O N I N V I TES

Representatives of theHippie Nation

From left to right-

Gordon Taylor - Librarian

Brian Taylor - Editor,

Brian McAndrew - Production

Glenda Hordos - Store Manager

Barb Cornelius - Accounting

Lisa Smith - Sales

Mandy Nordahn - Distribution

Hello from business- friendly B.C. Canada. The

staff of Cannabis Health Journal and CannabisResearch Institute are ready to help your company

find a home here in the beautiful Kettle River

Valley or any other part of our fair nation.The Hippie Nation, Land of the Free, Canada.

Th e H i p p i e N a t i o n I n v i t e s . . .

Grow Seminars Available

Cannabis Health Foundation in partner-ship with Cannabis Research Institute,employees, voluntee rs and friends offerthe seminar series "Growing a personalsupply of cannabis at home".Level #1 (1.5 hours) IntroductoryCannabis Gardening covers the basics

and is suited to the person with some

gardening experience but no cannabisexperience.Level #2 (1.5 hours) IntermediateCannabis Gardening expects p articipantsto understand the basics, and will con-centrate on the issues of volume andquality of the finished product.The presenters are exp erienced,w ell sea-soned, enter taining, fun and informative.

Presentations include lecture, power

point, hands-on learning, and demonstra-tions. Where possible, real cannabisplants will be included in the sessions.Cannabis is a fascinating p henomenon intoday's culture.The Cannabis Health ses-sions are ideal for groups interested inlearning how cannabis is grown.For bookings and information callCannabis Research Institute Inc.Toll free

at 1-866-808-5566 an d ask for Brian Taylor


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The following a rticle is an edited com positeof a Policy Paper on Can na bis in PainTreatm ent presented to the Am erican

Academy of Pain Mana gem ent by Dr Ethan Russo, MD

Effective treatmentof acute, chronic and intractable pain is

a critically important public health con-cern in the world today. Despite a vastarray of analgesic medicines includinganti-inflammatory and opioid analgesics,

countless patients continue to suffer theburden of unrelieved pain. Opiate addic-tion, and the recent OxyContin contro-versy underline the importance of newereffective and safe alternatives.

For over a century, international com-missions have studied the issue of cannabis, and virtually uniformly recom-mended its decriminalization and provi-sion for medical app lications, spec ificallyincluding the treatment of pain.

Cannabis has been employed as ananalgesic for thousands of years, and

was utilized in this count ry as well, par-ticularly for neurop athic pain, prior toits effective removal from the Americanmarket 65 years ago. Historical cannab issupporters have included such physi-cians and scientists as Galen,Dio sc or id es, Parkin so n, Lin nae us,Gowers, Weir Mitchell, Osler, SolomonSnyder, and many others . Cannabisremains a frequently employed ethno-botanical agent in pain managementamong indigenous p eop les of the w orld.

Modern research on endogenouscannabinoids and the cannabinoid recep-tor system has demonstrated a scientificbasis for th e efficacy of synthet ic and phy-tocannabinoids in pain managementbased on serotonergic, dopaminergic,Substance P, and glutamatergic mecha-nisms, interactions with the endogenousopioid system, as well as antioxidant andanti-inflammatory effects. These mecha-nisms have been demonstrated in bothcentral and peripheral systems.Adjunctive effects of cannabis andcannabinoids on depression,anx iety, spas-ticity, tremor, nausea and anorexia alsocontribute to treatment benefits in chron-ic pain patients. Whole cannabis and itsextracts provide an en tourage of cannabi-noids, terpenoids, and flavonoids thatcombine to create a synergy of benefits inholistic treatment of chronic andintractable pain.

Systematic examination of the toxicolo-gy and side effect profile of cannabis andcannabinoids on long-term cognitive,other nervous system,endocrine, hemato-logical, and immunological functiondemonstrate little documentation of sig-nificant detrimental effects, and suggest a

safety margin well within that of mostprescription medicines. The sole area of demonstrable concern surrounds chronicpulmonary issues attendant with smokedcannabis. These problems are possiblyavoidable with harm reduction tech-niques such as vaporization, and are total-ly so with alternative delivery methodssuch as sublingual or nebulized cannabis-based medicine extracts. Fears of cannabis-induced psychosis, addiction,and cognitive impairment and deteriora-tion have been largely exaggerated.

Oral synthetic THC (Marinol), a syn-thetically derived THC dissolved insesame oil, was developed by UnimedPharmaceu ticals. It is available in capsulesof 2.5,5 and 10 mg and is marketed in theUSA, Canada,Australia, and some areas inEurope , and has proven quite disappoint-ing as a pain management tool.Cannabis prop er, and a variety of syn-thetic agents are in various stages of clinical investigation. Develop ment andFDA approval of synthetic cannabinoidswill require many years. In contrast,

cannabis-based medicine extracts haveproven safe and effective in a large vari-ety of pain con ditions, and are expectedto attain governmental regulatoryapp roval in the UK,Western Europ e andCanada within a very short time.

The History of Cannabisin Pain Management

Traditional knowledge of cannabis inChina may span 5000 years, dating to thelegendary emperor, Shn-Nung. Julien(1849) wrote of the physician Hoa-tho inthe early 2nd century and his use of acannabis extract in anesthesia for majorsurgical p rocedures.

The Atharva Veda of India (dating tobetween 1400 and 2000 BCE) mentionsa sacred grass for anxiety, bhang, wh ichremains a modern term for cannabis.Medical references to cannabis date toSusruta in the sixth to seventh cen-tur ies BCE. Dwarakanath (1965),described a series of Ayurvedic andArabic traditional prep arations cont ain-ing the herb indicated for migraine,neu ralgic and visceral pains.

Similar proof of the medicinal use of cannabis exists in records and artifacts

from anc ient Egypt , Assyr ia,Israel/Palestine/ Judea, and the Greek andRoman Empires.

In common use throughout theMedieval world and Renaissance Europe,the medical use of cannabis, or "Indianhemp" was reintroduced to the West byOShaughnessy (1838-1840). His treatiseon the subject dealt with the apparentutility of a plant extract administered topatients suffering from rabies, cholera,tetanus, infantile convulsions, but also aseries of painful rheumatological condi-

tions. Of particular note, even patientsthat succumbed to their illnesses weregreatly relieved by cannabis with con-vincing palliative benefits.

Shortly thereafter in England,Clendinn ing (1843) described his resultsof treatment of 18 patients: 3 withheadaches,on e w ith abdominal pain sec-ondary to tumor, one with pain second-ary to a laceration, two w ith rheumatic

joint pain, and one with gout. In eachcase, the tincture of Indian hemp provid-

Dr. Ethan Russo

C A N N A B I S A N D PA I N M A N A G EM EN T


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ed relief, even in cases of morphine w ith-drawal symptoms.

In Ireland, Donovan (1845) extensivelydescribed his own extensive trials withsmall doses of cannabis resin, mainly inpatients with various types of neuropath-ic and musculoskeletal pain. Effects werealmost uniformly impressive, with fewside effects. He also described the bene-fits of local application of hemp leaf oilon h emorrhoids and neuralgic p ains.

Over the next decades, numerousauthorities recognized cannabis as help-ful for p ainful conditions. Sir John RussellReynolds was eventually to becomeQueen Victorias p ersonal p hysician. Hesuccessfully treated her dysmenorrheawith a cannabis extract throughout heradult life (Reynolds 1868) and used itextensively to treat migraine and neuro-pathic pain.

Hobart Hare (1887): I have found theefficient dose of a pure extract of hempto be as powerful in relieving pain as thecorresponding dose of the same prepara-tion of opium. ... During the time that thisremarkable drug is relieving pain a verycurious psychical condition sometimesmanifests itself; namely, that the diminu-

tion of the p ain seems to b e due to its fad-ing away in the distance, so that the p ainbecomes less and less, just as the p ain in adelicate ear would grow less and less as abeaten drum was carried farther and far-ther out of the range of hearing.

In the French literature, Se (1890) sub-mitted a detailed report on use of cannabis in the treatment of various dis-orders producing gastric and intestinalpain, and found it preferable in efficacyand side effects to opiates and bismuth.

Suckling (1891) noted the ability of

cannabis to allow migraine sufferers toreturn to work.An American drug handbook stated the

following: (Lilly, 1898) Antispasmodic,analgesic, anesthetic, narcotic, aphrodisi-ac. Specially recommended in spasmodicand painful affections.

Hare (1922) still advocated use of cannabis noting For the relief of pain,particularly that depending on nerve dis-turbance, hemp is very valuable.

An editor o f the Journ al of the American

Medical Association, as late as 1930 notedthe ability of cannabis to achieve a laborwith p ain burden substantially reduced oreliminated, followed by a tranquil sleep(Anonymous 1930) without sequelae.

Despite its political disenfranchisement,Fishbein (1942) still advocated oral prepa-rations of cannabis in treatment of men-strual (catamenial) migraine.

Cannabis remained in the British arma-mentarium somewhat longer, and wasextolled above opiates and barbiturates inthe treatment of the pain of hospitalizedpatients with duodenal ulcers(Douthwaite, 1947).

In Tashkent in th e 1930s, cannabis ornasha was employed medicinally, desp iteSoviet prohibition (Benet 1975) forheadache and pain of defloration. InSoutheast Asia,cannabis remainsuseful (Martin 1975).Everywhere it is con-sidered to be of anal-gesic value, compara-ble to the opiumderivatives.Moreover, it can beadded to any relax-

ant to reinforce itsaction. Cookedleaves, which havebeen dried in thesun,are used in quan-tities of several gramsper bowl of water.This decoction helpsespecially to combatmigraines and stiff-ness.

In a book aboutmedicinal plants of

India (Dastur, 1962)Charas [hashish] ---is a valuable narcot-ic , e sp e cially incases where opiumcannot be adminis-tered; it is of greatvalue in malarialand periodicalheadaches, mig-raine, acute mania,whooping cough,cough of phthisis,

asthma, anaemia of brain, nervous vom-iting, tetanus, convulsion, insanity, delir-ium, dysuria, and nervous exhaustion; itis also used as an anaesthetic in dys-menorrhea, as an app etizer and aphro-disiac, as an anodyne in itching of eczema, neuralgia, severe p ains of vari-ous kinds of corns, etc.

In Colombia the analgesic effects of acannabis tincture were lauded (Partridge1975) the knowledge that cannabis canbe used for treatment of pain is wide-spread. Rubin documented extensiveusage of cannabis in Jamaica for a varietyof conditions (Rubin, 1976; Rubin andComitas,1972), including headache.

In Brazil, Hutchinson (1975) Such aninfusion [of leaves] is taken to relieverheumatism, female troubles, colic andother common complain ts. For



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toothache, marijuana is frequently packedinto and around th e aching tooth and leftfor a period of time, during which it sup-posedly performs an analgesic function.

Cannabis andCannabinoids as Medicine.Cannabis Proper

Cannabis is traditionally employed ther-apeutically by smoking or ingestion.Grotenhermen h as produced an excellentsummary of Practical Hints(Grotenhermen, 2002), as have Brazis andMatthre (1997) and Russo (2002).

Dosing of the rapeutic cannabis must betitrated to the patients need. In general,5mg of THC content represents a thresh-old dose for noticeable effects in the aver-age adult (Grotenhermen 2002).Whereastolerance to cardiovascular effects (tachy-cardia) and psychoactive effects (high)are achieved after some days to weeks of

chronic usage, observed clinical andanecdotal reports support retention of analgesic efficacy over the long term.Occasionally, upw ards dose titration isnecessary, as is true for any agent .

Allergies to cann abis are rare, althoughsome may experience rhinitis symp-toms, particularly when exposed to thesmoke of the unrefined product. Peopleemploying cannabis therapeuticallymust be warned of the usual caveatsassigned to any potentially sedativedrug: due care with operat ion of

machinery, motor vehicles, etc., whichare analogous to the industry warnings

for Marinol (synthe tic THC).Acute over-dosages of cannabis are

self-limited, and most freque ntly con sistof panic reactions. These are uniquelysensitive to reassurance (talkingdown) and are quite unusual once apatient be comes familiar with th e dru g.Cannabis has a unique distinction of safety over four millennia of analgesicusage: No deaths due to direct toxicityof cannabis have ever been d ocumen tedin the medical literature.

Some cannabis-drug interactions areapparent, but are few in number.Additivesedative effects w ith other agents, includ-ing alcohol, may be observed. Similarlyhow ever,additive or synergistic anti-emet-ic and analgesic benefits may accruewhen combining dopamine agonist neu-roleptics and cannabis (Carta, Gessa, andNava 1999). Cannabis may acceleratemetabolism of theop hylline, while slow-

ing that of barbiturates. Anticholinergic-induced tachycardia may be accentuatedby cannabis,w hile th is effect is coun teredby beta-blockers (Grotenhermen 2002).Indomethacin seems to reduce slightlythe psychoactive and tachycardic effectsof cannabis (Perez-Reyes et al. 1991). Asdiscussed above, synergistic analgesicbenefits may accrue with concomitantusage of cannabis and opioids (Cichewiczet al. 1999;Hare 1887). CBD is a powerfulinhibitor of cytochrome P450 isozymes3A4, 2C19, and 2D6 (Bornheim et al.

1994; Bornheim and Grillo 1998) indicat-ing the need for caution in cannabispatients taking that component in con-

junction with fentanyl, sildenafil(Viagra), tricyclic antidepressants andanti-arrhythmic drugs.

Crude cannabis contains most of itsTHC in the form of delta-9-THC acids thatmust be decarboxylated by heating to beactivated.This occurs automatically whencannabis is smoked, whereas cannabisthat is employed orally should be heatedto 200-210C. for 5 minutes prior toingestion (Brenneisen 1984).

Contrary to disseminated propagandain the USA, average cannabis poten cy hasvaried little over the last 3 decades(ElSohly et al. 2000; Mikuriya and Aldrich1988). It is true that the maximum poten-cy has increased through applied genet-ics,cultivation and harvesting techniques.This goal is achieved through productionof clonal cultivation of the preferredfemale plants and maximization of theyield of unsterilized flowering tops

know n as sinsemilla (Spanish for withoutseed). In this manner a concen tration of glandular tr ichomes w here THC and ther-apeutic terpenoids are produced is effect-ed. Resultant yields of THC may exceed20% by weight. This is po tentially advan-tageous, particularly when smoked,because a therapeutic dosage of THC isobtained with fewer inhalations, therebydecreasing lung exposure to tars and car-cinogens. As noted by Professor WayneHall (Lords 1998).

Indeed, it is conceivable that increasedpotency may have little or no adverseeffect if users are able to titrate th eir doseto achieve the desired state of intoxica-tion. If users do titrate their dose, the u seof more potent cannabis products w ouldreduce the amount of cannabis materialthat was smoked, thereby marginallyreducing the respiratory risks of cannabis smoking.

A considerable concentration of THC,other cannabinoids and terpenoids mayalso be achieved through some simpleprocessing of crude dried cannabis.Techniques for sieving or washing of cannabis to isolate the trichomes to pro-duce hashish are well described (Clarke1998; Rosenthal, Gieringer, and Mikuriya1997), and may produce po tential yieldsof 40-60% THC. Clarke demonstrates asimple method of rolling the resultantpowdery material into a joint of purehashish, termed smoking the snake

(Clarke 1998), providing a relatively pureproduc t for inhalation.Cultivation techniques are beyond the

scope of this review, but emphasis shouldfocus on p otent medicinal strains, scrupu-lous organic cultivation of female plants,clonal selection and augmentation, andappropriate processing with a highdegree of quality control throughout theprocess. It deserves emphasis that c linicalcannabis patients benefit from consistentquality and dosing.This is extremely diffi-cult to ach ieve on a practical basis,un lesscloned cannabis strains or standardizedextracts are employed. Additionally,although cannabis is often tou ted as rela-tively pest-free,it is subject to predationby a number of insects, bacteria, viruses,fungi, e tc . (McPar tland , Clarke andWatson 2000).

Cannabis strains in the USA are THCpredominant, almost uniformly devoid of CBD content (Gieringer 1999).While thismay be appropriate for certain medicalconditions, patients with concomitant



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muscle spasm, anxiety, seizure disorders, orsusceptibility to psychoactive effects maynot achieve optimal results.

The labor required to manage cannabisgenetics, culture, maintenance of organictechnique without contamination, process-ing and quality control are likely beyond theken and capabilities of most patients, partic-ularly those with chronic pain.

It remains the case that smoked cannabisis a crude delivery system with some inher-ent respiratory risk.This fact, taken w ith theinability to develop smoked cannabis intoan FDA-approved medicine in the USA,makes the development of alternativerapid-delivery cannabis-based systemsmandatory.

Oral use of cannabisA variety of issues attend oral cannabis

administration. The most important con-cerns bioavailability. Oral absorption of cannabinoids is slow and erratic at best,often requiring 30-120 minutes. In HIV pos-itive or chemotherapy p atients and in acutemigraine, nausea and emesis may precludeoral usage altogether.Additionally, oral THCis subject to the first pass effectof hepat-ic metabolism yielding 11-hydroxy-THC,considerably more psychoactive than THCitself. Thus, some patients become toohigheven on low doses of medicine, suchas 2.5 mg of THC as dron abinol.

Advantages of oral usage are its avoid-ance of lung exposure in those who areimmunosuppressed or have impaired pul-monary function, and its prolonged half-life. This may be of advantage for noctur-nal complaints w here sedation is less of an issue.

Grotenhermen suggests dose titrationbeginning with the equivalent of 2.5 mgof oral THC bid w ith increases as neededand tolerated (Grotenhermen 2002).Most painful clinical conditions requiretid dosing of cannabis.

THC, CBD and terpenoids are all high-ly lipoph ilic. Gastrointestinal absorptionis markedly enhanced by inclusion of

lipids in the cooked preparations.Therapeutic tincture extraction in alco-hol is also possible.

Smoked cannabisTechniques of smoking cannabis are

legion. Pharmacodynamically, smokingwould be an ideal method of applica-tion of clinical cannabis, but for theattendant pulmonary issues. Clinicaleffects are noted within seconds tominutes after smoking. Inhalationavoids the first pass effect that ham-

pe rs oral use, and allow s effective dosagetitration. When symptoms return, repeatdosage is achieved quickly and easily.Overdosage is freque ntly avoidable.

Traditional smoking techniques in theUSA make prolonged holding of a marijuanatoke de rigueur. From a dose-responsestandpoint, this is unnecessary. Inhaled THCis well absorbed after a very brief interval,and subjective high and serum THC levelsdo not increase beyond a maximum 10-sec-ond inhalation. Furthermore, prolongedbreath holding under pressure increases thepotential for hypoxia or pneumothorax.

Contamination of herbal cannabis by pes-ticides, herbicides, and bacterial or fungalagents is possible, and may represent athreat to the smoker, especially immuno-suppressed patients. Scrupulous cultivationtechniques avoid some of these issues.McPartland recommends pasteurization of herbal cannabis by heating in an oven of

150 C. for 5 minutes (McPartland 2001).Waterpipes and bongs are popular tech-

niques for cooling smoke. While they mayreduce particulate matter as well,THC con-tent and pharmaceutical efficiency alsoseem to be compromised. Surprisingly, theunfiltered joint seems to represent themost efficient means for conventionalsmoking, although use of hashish in a pipe(without tobacco) was not examined.

Vapo rize rs forcannabis adminis tration

Vapo rization of herb al cann abis mayallow delivery of THC and terpenoid com-

Dr. Russos Findingsand Policy

Recommendations

1) Cannabis has a long and docu-mented history in the treatmentof neuropathic, mu sculoskeletal,

spasmodic, and inflammatorypain con ditions. Cannabis has ahistorical role as a palliative agent

in terminal patients.

2) Additional adjunctive antide-pressant and anti-anxiety proper-

ties of cannabis, as well as its anti-spasticity, and app etite

stimulatory effects offer impor-tant therapeutic value in pain

management patients.

3) Modern pharmacological andreceptor studies of cannabis andcannabinoids support therapeu-

tic c laims.

4) Cannabinoids rep resent animportant p arallel system t o th e

endogenous opioid system of pain mo dulation, and administra-

tion of cannabinoids can effec-tively synergize opioid responses

while mitigating side effects.Cannabinoids show unique

promise in treatment of neuro-pathic pain.



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13/36

By Paul HendersonToo good to be true.A few months ago thepotential for marijuanadecriminalization and

the subsequent government distributionof marijuana to patients was sky high.Back in April Prime Minister JeanChrtien announced his government wasnot afraid to take on controversialissues and w ould decriminalize marijua-na to reduce the harm of criminalrecords that young people face.Into the summer, July 9 was a date great-ly anticipated by anti-prohibition advo-cates, as it was the day the governmenthad to either start distributing medicineto exemption-holding patients or themarijuana possession law would be ren-dered invalid.A couple of positive stories for medicinalmarijuana users and a win-win situation,right?Too good to be true.The incremental improvements many feltwere inevitable and forthcoming haveturned out to be disastrous and, accord-ing to advocates and those on the front

lines of making medicinal marijuana easi-er to get for patients, things are worse,not better.Refusing to take a real position of anykind, it seems the federal governmentdecided to follow a path whereby theypleased everyone. As a result they areinstead pissing everyone off. The ruseHealth Canada and th e Ministry of Justiceattempted to pull, talking out of bothsides of their mouth, has blown u p andthe government is looking dumber thanever. A disastrous decriminalization billhas been tabled, and Health Minister AnnMcLellan is using the recent court deci-sions as a platform to tell us what shereally thinks: that marijuana has nomedicinal value.And as a result of the tabling of Bill C-38and the government being forced intodistribution the American anti-drugzealots are mad,doctors are mad,patients

are mad, everyday pot smokers are mad:So who was this pseudo-decriminaliza-tion and reluctant effort at distributionsupposed to please? Tough to get ananswer to that.Criminal lawyer and anti-prohibitionadvocate Alan Young said that the whole

premise o f decriminalization is based onthe premise that marijuana is a relativelyharmless substance and he was led tobelieve the government understood this.Now he knows he was wrong.The proposed bill was not just a disap-pointment, it was a major disillusionmen twith a process that should have bornefruit, Youn g told Cannabis Health. Iveworked on this way too long to havethem give me such a compromised pieceof legislation.The only possible benefit that most cansee in the legislation, Bill C-38, is the factthat those caught with minor amountswill avoid a criminal record. Instead theywill pay a fine up to $150. The realitythough is that under the currentControlled Drugs and Substances Act(CDSA) most police simply confiscatesmall amounts and let people off with awarning. Now the p olice have a discre-

tionary ability to give fines to peoplewho maybe cant afford them.It looks like that in most cases, Bill C-38actually provides for harsher enforcementand Young says the prop osed b ill cannoteven be called decriminalization. Ratherit is in fact a worst-case scenario.

T O G O O D T O B E T R U E



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I dont care if you go to jail or not (eventhough th at is a big issue) Young said.For me c riminal law means the pow er toarrest, detain, and search, and thats whatthey havent taken away. You canno tdemystify a substance like marijuanawhen you still let Officer Friendly takeyou down to the station and deprive youof liberty. (Justice Minister Martin)

Cauchon left it to the discretion of thepolice to decide wh ether to treat you likea highway traffic offender or whether totreat you like a criminal. Thats notdecriminalization, thats the worst-casescenario where a low-level unaccount-able official is making the decision.Senator Pierre Claude Nolin, chairman of the CanadianSenate SelectCommittee onIllegal Drugstold DRCNet in

an interviewbefore the billwas tabled,What theprime ministeris proposing isnot decriminalization, it is what I calldepenalization. We are removing thecriminal penalties, but the behaviouritself remains criminal, it just triggers alesser p enalty. This is the shadow of thefirst step.Others have much harsher words for BillC-38: Pathetic, shameful, corrupt andincompetent. Thats w hat DominicCramer, president of Toronto HempCompany (THC) said about the bill.Tell us what you really think Dominic.I would like to be able to applaud themfor at least doing something, but screwthatwhat choice did they have? I amembarrassed and ashamed to be aCanadian today and encourage the resig-nation of our disgraceful Health andJustice Ministers.While those who support prohibition

call Bill C-38 decriminalization and areinfuriated by this liberal move by th egovernment, some who support truly lib-eralized drug laws say this is not a step inthe right direction but looks more like along walk off a short pier.Senator Nolin suggested that this is atleast a first step but Cannabis Healthasked Alan Youn g if he thought this was

at least a step in the right direction:No.Id like to say yes, in fact I was to b e p aida fair amount of money by American lob-byists to support Cauchon and I turned itdown, and Id like to have the money.Thething with law reform, you cant do itincrementally. You cant say, you knowwh at, lets let this pass and see if it works

and then we canimprove it in afew years. Theywont. As soon asit passes it will be

left there fordecades and itbecomes a non-issue. And anymention of decriminalization

and th eir response will be ancient h isto-ry, weve addressed it. So it just doesntgo far enough.So the honest question remains:Why didthe government make this move when itdoesnt address the real concerns of Canadians and, frankly, only need les theright-wing prohibitionists, including theAmericans?Youn g says that the status quo w asrepackaged to create the illusion of change and that the government gave usa national drug strategy made in theUSA. Clearly the govern ment was in abind knowing that the vast majority of Canadians support liberalized drug lawswhile the current government inWashington is as Draconian as weveseen in a long time. So the y try to pleaseand appe ase.

First of all they wantto look like they areresponsive to theelectorate Youngsaid. A solid strongmajority of Canadianshave wanted decrimi-nalization since 1975,thats still the majori-ty position. So, if youmake the announce-ment plus you havetwo of your own

committee recommend it, you look likeyou are a responsive government. But if you are afraid of what the implicationsare and afraid of the reaction of theUnited States, wh at you do is you createthe illusion of being responsive withoutbeing responsive. I actually think it was abrilliant ploy.Well, it might have been br illiant had

most people not seen its transparency.On the issue of what the Canadian con-sensus is, Senator Nolin said that only14% of Canadians want actual marijuanaprohibition. The rest of the pop ulationfavours legalization, decriminalization, orlegalization for medical use.This reflectsthe fact that th e po pulation is increasing-ly well-informed, but still not enough.Cramer of THC says the only positiveaspect of the bill regarding the elimina-tion of criminal records is drasticallyovershadowed by the negatives.

I cant think of another benefit besidesthe avoidance of a criminal record forusers caught w ith tiny amounts, Cramersaid.But th ey will still be harrassed, like-ly more th an before, and they still will bepunished. For harmless and beneficialbehaviour! What a joke. Medical users?Hell no! Medical users generally cantafford hu ndreds of dollars in p unishmentfor using a natural and needed medicinalplant.Cramers frustration with the proposedbill is palpable and he is far from alone.While smokers across the country initial-ly greeted the news with public smoke-ups, many quickly became aware of wh atwas really being proposed.One aspect hard to ignore is the poten-tial cash grab in th e system of fines. Somefear the fines could create a whole newdetachment of pot cops dedicated tohanding out the fines as a cash cow forthe police.Thats been the experience in Australiaand we worry about that,Young says.If it becomes so easy to ticket people then40,000 offenders that police turn a blindeye to, will now suddenly be ticketedbecause of the money. We call thatwidening the n et of social contro l andthat has often been the result of trying toliberalize the law.With Bill C-38 tabled and looking prettydisastrous to those in the community,many had hopes that July 9 would comeand either mean the end of the posses-sion law or the government would createa meaningful distribution system.Too good to be true.

T O G O O D T O B E T R U E

You cannot demystify asubstance like marijuanawhen you still let OfficerFriendly take you down tothe station and depriveyou of liberty.


15/36


As Ted Smith explains, the CannabisBuyers Clubs of Canada is a not-for-prof-it organization with locations in Victoria,and Parksville BC, and Halifax. TheCBCC claims 1200 members and hasbeen providing marijuana to people withincurable medical conditions since 1996.Ted, the founder of the CBCC, sees theclub as a more practical straight-forwardalternative to the traditional compassion

club, based more on common sense andeconomics than philosophies, ethics andregulations. As stated on their web site,You do not n eed to h ave legal exemptionto sign up with us, and signing up willoffer you no extra legal protection. Weare merely a source for medicine.That medicine could include severalstrains of high grade raw marijuanabuds, hashish, cookies, cakes and othermarijuana edibles. The club strives tokeep costs down and supplies ediblesmade from shake donated at cost.

As Ted explains, the traditional clubs areasking patients for a doctors recommen-dation that many doctors are not willing toprovide. Often, patients are aware of theirdoctors objections and are not comfort-able even bringing up the subject of mar i-

juana. We are the altern ative to doctors.The clubs Victoria location of CBCC hasbeen busted 5 times. Ted, always colour-ful and controversial, has run for theoffice of mayor, has taken some heat forhis high profile activist activities, andyet overall Ted feels his relations with

his community and the Victoria policeare positive.Although the CBCC is considered bysome to be more liberal, patients arerequired to provide proof of diagnosisand show proper identification. Tedexplains, we are sympathetic to indi-viduals with transient pain problems,the broken arm, menstrual cramps or

just relaxation. The CBCC serves the

needs of individuals with long-termchronic health challenges. The clubtakes a hard line with patients who tryto make money by re-selling the mari-

juana they get from the club. The 13mostly part-time employees who staff the club, have been forced to excludeclose to 100 individuals to-date for re-selling and other unacceptable behav-iors. Marijuan a is supplied to the club bya number of small and discreet home-grow operations. Ted refers to the net-work as the family and argues that

everyone is a winner in this equation,

the patients get a quality product at areasonable price, the growers supple-ment their family income, and the med-ical system is not taxed further withun necessary visits and paperwork.For more information on the CBCC(250)381-4220 on the West Coast(902)497-3941 on the East CoastOr e-mail the CBCC at:Scott Johnstone: [email protected](Webmaster) John Cook: [email protected] (Director of Halifax outlet)

The governments July 9 annoucementthat they would start distributing mari-

juana to doctors of the 500-plus medicalmarijuana patients curren tly with exemp-tions turned out to be a bust.The courtsdecision as a result of the action broughtby Alan Youn g mean t th at on July 9 eitherthe government had to start distributingmarijuana or th e CDSA law on p ossessionwould be invalid.Ann McLellan was dragged kicking andscreaming to this point and many, such asPhillipe Lucas, director of Canadians forSafe Access, have said the move smackedof bad faith. Young said th at the govern-ment is doing this with their fingerscrossed behind th eir backs.Day by day McLellans point of view onthe matter is becoming more and moreclear. That point of view is summed upaptly in a quote she gave the NationalPost as reported on July 15:If it doesnt

have a medicinal benefit, I dont know

why the department of health wouldapprove it as such.Sadly McLellan, in one swift statement,dismisses the benefits enjoyed by med-ical marijuana patients around the worldand at the same time, she cynically startsa program that some argue she knowscant work.Hillary Black, founder o f the B.C.Compassion Club has said that this feder-al decision is really just a smokescreen.According to Black the fact that theCanadian Medical Association and indi-vidual doctors are speaking out againstthe p lan should have come as no surpriseto Ottawa. The feds went this route,knowing it wouldnt work, which wouldgive them time to appeal the court orderset for late July.Senator Nolin has said that he has spokenwith a number of international expertson drug prohibition and they are waiting

for the spark that could lead to radical

change inthe inter-nationalsystem.TheSupremeCourt of Canadacould pro-vide thatspark,Nolinsaid.Thatseems tobe the best shot as the elected officialsstumble through the issue. Canada couldbe leading the way, they might lead theway, or the Canadian example of govern-ment meddling and bungling will be aparadigm of incompetence the rest of the world will ignore.Time will tell.

TO G O O D TO BE TRU E

PRA C TI C A L C O M PA SS I O N

A p oster showing the dissatisfa ction of the medically needy by Ru ssell Barth(aka Kegan) of Ottawa.

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Traditionally Governments are reluctantto provide economic assistance to investauthority in an individual or an individ-ual company, preferring instead to sup-port groups of companies that represent acommon economic interest. Instead of giving advantage to one individual, the"tr ade association" give that advan tage toa broad base of businesses. Th e CanadianCannabis Bioproducts Trade Association(CCBA) is a m embership-based non prof-it business association for the cannabisIndustry in Canada with affiliate organi-zations in certain provinces. CCBAs mis-

sion is to be an effective voice of action inall matters concerning the development,marketing and free movement of cannabis and associated products andservices throughout th e world.CCBA will work with governments andthe cannabis industry to establish scien-tific and ethical standards. Membershipin CCBA will be open to any individualor company that conducts businessdirectly or indirectly related to cannabis.The organization of the Canadian andthe individual provincial associations isin the early stages. For information on

the Canadian Bioproducts TradeAssociation and, the SaskatchewanCannabis Bioproducts AssociationContact Morris Johnson Road 707South, Box 33 Beaubier, SaskatchewanCanada, S0C-0H0 / 306-447-4944ph/ fax e-mail: [email protected] Forinformation on the BC BioproductsTr ade Association Brian Taylor 250-442-5166 ([email protected]),Eric N ash &Wendy Little 250-748-8614(eric@w estcoastdigital.com) D ebraHarper [email protected]


Report by Jari Dvorak licensed m edicinal can na bis patient.The Hitzig appeal hearing July 29th and30th:Toronto, Ontario Canada.

Day one, the court room is full withstanding room only.Three judges presided today.At first theCrown lawyer presented their groundsfor appeal.They can be summed up likethis: the b enefits of medical marijuanaare not supported by results of clinicaltrials. It is not up to the State to makesure that every patient gets what he/ shewants. One of the judges asked: how doyou explain that on one hand youapprove patients for medical marijuanabut arrest people who sell it to them?The reply by the crown: It is not up tothe governme nt t o run clinical trials andsupp ly medications. This is up to th eprivate sector to do. HC's (HealthCanada) past experience is that thereare not enough of researchers interest-ed in studying marijuana. Lack of trials isnot the inaction of the FederalGovernme nt. It is the lack of action bythe private sector.Our side was next. Prof. Alan Youngexplained the parallels between medicalmarijuana and the Morgentaler case

T I M E F O R A C A N N A B I S T R A D E A S S O C I AT I O N

THE HITZIG APPEALJULY 29 & 30


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THE HITZIG APPEAL JULY 29 & 30


(abortions). Also argued that all medica-tions have side effects. For exampleZofran, used to treat nausea, can be tox icto the liver.The judges have been very aggressive withboth sides. One question to our side:h owcan you argue benefits of medical marijua-na if the doctors professional organiza-tions disagree with you? Alan Youngexplained that CMA's opposition is due toinsurance concerns, rather than medicalconcerns. This is of course the rightanswer. It does seem to me that thingswould be much easier for us if the CMAwould be on our side. I'm a bit worriedabout that one.Time to hit the sack, JariHi all, day two.The Crown's appeal for the Ledermandecision ended yesterday. Some itemsfrom the hearings that seemed importantto me: The Crown did a lousy job, asusual.They had 6 lawyers lined up in the

courtroom (all paid by our taxes!).Theirmessage was that it is not up to the gov-ernment to supply and test marijuana;this is normally the job of private indus-try. It is not the government th at failed, itis private industry that failed. Everyonewas a bit stunned by that.This argumentdidn't go well with the judges.The Crown was on a bit stronger groundwhen it argued that the doctors profes-sional organization, CMA is opposed tomedical marijuana in general. One of the

judges asked our team how we expect towin without the doctors supporting us.Prof.Young rep eated th at doctors are notopposed on medical grounds, but oninsurance grounds. Most of the secondday was about the constitutional aspect.John Turmell repeated his story aboutgovernment's genocide,but those kind of strong words didn't go over well and arenot h elpful. John Turmell had a goodargument that after 5000 years of plenti-ful anecdotal evidence that pot is a help-ful substance, clinical research is failingus in utilizing creatively this body of knowledge. Also, researchers seem to beignoring all of the studies that havealready been completed around theworld. The judgesseem to like AlanYoungs argumentthat by pushingsick Canadians to

get medicinethrough unlawfulmeans, the govern-ment is creatingdisrespect and con-tempt of the law.This goes againstthe principles of fundamental jus-tice. The questionof legality of mari-

juana prohibition

got quite a bit of attention. Both sideswant the judges to declare where theystand on p rohibition. According to Prof.Allan Youn g, it could take anywh ere froma week to 3 months or more for the

judges to reach a decision. There seemsto be guarded optimism that the Crownwill lose. If so, the Crown is expected toappeal. If they win, we will appeal.Whatever the outcome, it will beappealed to a higher court. In the mean-time, the Lederman decision prevails. It'sbeen almost one month since I appliedfor the HC dried marijuana and still Ihave not received anything.Waiting, Jari

SUM M ER O F LEG A LIZATIO N TO UR Marc Em ery is Can adas most well-known m arijuana activist , and am ongthe w orld's biggest dealers in m arijua -na seeds. He is a powerfu l influen ce inthe global ganja culture and is single-handedly helping to shape North

Am erican m arijuana policy. The mediahas du bbed Emery The Prince of Potand he enjoys the title, dispensing m oralan d fina ncial support to all the activiststhat cross his path.

These are polite places, these Atlanticprovinces.Over 200 people attended (I brought120 brochures and

E-mail: jconroy@johncon roy.comWebsite: w ww.johnconr oy.com

CONROY & COMPANYBarristers and Solicitors

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cont inued pg. 32

Marc Emery- photo courtesy

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grow systems


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18 C A N N A B I S H E A L T H t h e m e d i c a l m a r i j u a n a

The Table Top GrowThe TTG is a self-contained grow ch amber that does no t requirea dedicated room. For your electrical dollar, this cold light un itgenerates tremend ous lumens from two 125 Watt high Intensitycompact fluorescent and 4 x 55 Watt fluorescent light strips.The plant feeding is done with a simple flood and drain hydro-ponics system and the whole footprint of the unit is 20wideX 35long X 56high.

I have monitored thegrowing of several cropsin this unit as it was read-ied for market. I amimpressed with the vol-ume and the quality of the finished product.Amazing, but I have seenit, good genetics, goodnutrients, making surethe plants are triggeredproperly making maxi-mum use of the space,the unit will produce 8ounces of smoke qualitycannabis per cycle.Overall great returns forthe capital investment,the basic unit sells for$1999cdn. and, with 470

Watts at lowamperage, econom-

ical froman oper-atingstand-point.This unitwill besafe on astandard15 ampcircuitand willcost $4 to $7 per month e lectrical. I particularly like working atcounter he ight; for me and my ailing back,this makes plant carea breeze.This unit would be ideal for the grower wh o required a modestvolume of p roduct, although 8oz in 8 weeks is still plenty formany medical users. From a safety standpoint, its hard to seethis small and safe co ld light un it causing much damage. Greatfor nervous landlords and insurance companies.

Building small - staying coolIt is becoming increasingly popular to make your own coldlight box. Handymen/growers have had success with con-structing the box , but have been frustrated with the lack of availability and reliability of Hi-Inten sity Fluoresce nt lights or, assome refer to them, High Output Compact Fluorescents. Forthe h ome bu ilder, or to rep lace lights in a custom-built grow-unit, I would recommend the Daystar Dual Kelvin grow lamp.Low h eat, solid state, comes in 75 and 100 Watt, and fits into a

GROWING YOUR OWN MEDICINE AT HOME

The Cold Grow Unit

ready for harvest


21/36


regular size socket, and, best of all, no changing lights. Theycover both th e blue and red spectrums, making these bulbsideal for veg and b ud cycles. Finally, a reliable bu lb and a com -pany that stands behind their product.Another unique product of interest to the handyman or afi-cionado is a line of spectrum-enhanced small Metal Halideand High Pressure Sodiumbulbs.Gerald Garrison from Daystar

emphasizes the importanceof both spec trum and inten-sity and encourage newgrowers to start small.Do not underestimate thesophistication of this compa-ny; a long with the DDKseries, Daystar offers the safe-ty and efficiency-consciousconsumer an array of lightingchoices including some pow-erful and efficient high-techlight/fan systems, like the

Daystar 400 Watt system, thatputs out an exceptional98700 total combined lumensof perfect spectru m light.Watch for an article on lighting by Gerald Garrison in theNov/December edition of Can na bis Health Journ al .Daystar Lighting can be contacted by phone at 1-503-310-5082 and at www.daystarlighting.org.

Grow solutions delivered toyour door in a large brow n boxAnother option for the novice grower and still at the small andeconomical edge of the growing game is to set up a small closet-size growroom using a 400 Watt HPS grow kit.The kits offered by

http://www.growsystems.com/ con-tain everything required to set upyour small room. Kits can be cus-

tomized, but the s tandard kitsinclude your light reflector bulb,timer, nutrients, reflective plasticand even grow b ags.The ballasts and bulbs are fromSylvania and the company promisesthe most affordable out of the boxindoor growing system available.Setting up a small room will requirethe dedication of a space that can bedarkened.The basic 400 Watt HPS kitis inclusive and economical at$225cdn. plus tax. Properly set up in a

closet 3.5x 3x 8with a 400 Watt HPSlight you can grow 6 to 8 ounces.To find out more, contact the we b at

http://wwwgrowsystems.comStepping up th e ladder from the closet to the small room, letme introduce you to Ed Sweet, owner-operator of SweetHydroponics. Eds favourite motto is You take care of your gar-den and it w ill take care of you.Ed w ill not only customize, he


Daystary compact fluorescents at work
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20 C A N N A B I S H E A LT H t h e m e d i c a l m a r i j u a n a

will personalizeyour room. Edbelieves thatplants need airto breathe androom to spreadtheir arms.Cramping yourroom with toomany plants isgreedy andnever works. Forthe novice grow-er Ed recom-mends settingup a 12x12

room, split equally into a vegetative and a budding area.With a400 Watt MH and a 1000 Watt HPS, the basic mechanical willcost you about $650 CDN. Ed be lieves in keeping customers forthe long run and sells his 19 years of experience and knowl-edge along with e very system that leaves his store. His partingadvice to this novice grower was Keep you reservoir big and

nutrient levels under 1500 PPMs.Ed can be contacted at 1-613-433-9600 or 281 Mask Rd.Renfrew Ontario, Canada.

N ow for something completelydifferent, the revolutiona ry

"Grow Sa fe"How oftendoes aproduct

comealong thatseems toaddresseveryonesconcerns.The GrowSafe is afire-proof,insulatedsteel boxthat canbe fittedto a num-ber of combina-tions of lights andfansdepending on the volume and quality of the consumerscannabis needs. The standard unit is 5 6 and w ill accommo-date 12 -3 Gal. dirt pots. Growsystems.com offers 3 levels of kits that are designed to fit the GS. The basic kit with a1000Watt HPS light in th is unit will produ ce 1 lb. or more percycle.The insulated double wall construction and the insulat-ed floor will allow the unit to be operated in an unheated partof a home. Not only is it constructed of solid unburnable steel,

in most regions of North America this unit could be placed ina garage or other unheated outbuilding.The unit w ill accommodate th e Omega grow system and givesthe GS an amazing 52 square feet of grow space.

As the cannabis revolution progresses,more discerning consumers are devel-oping a taste for the different, the exot-ic, the excep tionally well-grown.I want one of these units with thedeluxe kit. In it I will grow tw o or threeof the worlds best cannabis strains andamaze my connoisseur friends. It alsolocks and is wheelchair accessible.

To find out more, check out the ads inthis issue or contact Cannabis HealthToll Free at 1-866-808-5566 and ask about the Grow Safe

a typical kit from growsytems.com

12 potted plants with light off. Fan & electrical outside


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The Third Milleniumsversion of the FirstApplianceThe only patented rotary hydroponicappliance in the w orld, the truly uniqueOmega Garden causes everyone to stepback in amazement.Try to describe what

youre looking at; brilliant! The unit isnow constructed from stainless steel(earlier versions were in p lastic), all thecomponents have been built in and thesystem is now safety certified (CSAapproved). There is no wiring involvedin the set up, one plug comes out of thesystem and plugs into any 110V outlet.The garden utilizes something we callorbitropism. A plant that h as a stronger,more compact, closer inter-nodal, multi-directional growth pattern is the resultof slowly revolving the plants around

two 600 Watt HPS air cooled lamps.Anoth er w ay of looking at it, is that it isexercise for your plants. Orbitropism isthe primary factor responsible for theunprecedented yield achieved with theOmega Garden The Omega Garden inventor andpatent holder Ted Marchildon, had

marked the unit as the future of UrbanAgriculture, providing the grower w ithapproximately 50 square feet of growingsurface and accommodating anywherefrom 50 to 300 plants. Quantities plant-ed are determined by the requirementsof the plants being grown. This achieveshigh intensity gardening in a small space.Originally designed for a variety of herbsand vegetables, the Omega Garden hasgained a reputation for growing superior

cannabis.Results of asmuch as 6lbs in onecycle are easi-ly attained,with the high-est reports at

7 .5 lbs in one cycle . The OmegaGarden team strives to produce anexceptional product coupled with supe-rior helpful after-sales support and serv-ice. They are only a phon e call away.A word of warning, look out for poorlymade, cheaper knock-offs. Imitation isnot always a form of flattery.Check out their website atwww.omegagarden.com orph one to ll free: 1-877-962-3278

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by Steven BaconIn spite of the p rior misleading prop agan-da by Chief Fantino in the me dia, half amillion people thoroughly enjoyed theexperience that they were entitled to atthe Stones/SARS concert in Toronto lastweek. Its safe to say that thousands up onthousands of doobies were burned therethat day. I attended th e concert sporting a

Canadian Cannabis Leaf flag. I had a won-derful time meeting and posing for pho-tos with hundreds of elated concert fans.Im former Fire and Rescue myself and Inoticed that all the EMS people I cameacross were thumbs up and beaming atthe sight of the leaf. Not once, and therewere packs of them roaming everywhere,did I get so much as a smile from a cop. Iwas gawked at and frowned upon bymost of them.Its unfortunate the chief wont acknowl-edge that half a million people were left

to peacefully puff, if they so desired, andabsolutely nothing bad came of it. On thecontrary. With only 21 alcohol-relatedarrests and no reported medical incidentsother than dehydration, one could con-clude the obvious.That peace,love,music,and marijuana will always go hand inhand regardless of their prohibition.

D O O B ' S A N D STO N ES W O N ' T B REA K Y O U R B O N ES


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So, youve heardabout flushing, but

you wonder why? Lets paint a picture of what happens in nature to give us acomparison.In nature, the rain droplets collect intodroplets heavy enough to start fallingearthward and eventually reach the

earth where the plant is growing. Itsoaks the soil surrounding the plant,releasing the oxygen collected d uring itsfall as it hits the ground.Gravity continues to pull the waterthrough the soil to the water table,washing any accumulated plant wastesdown into the ground with it and awayfrom the roots. At the same time, it helpsbreak up and b ring do wn fresh nutrientsfrom the top of the soil. In this way, they

get fresh air, water and nutrients witheach rain and there is never any build-up of toxic wastes to prevent the normalfunction of the roots.At home, we have tofind a way to bring con-ditions in line with whatis going on out in nature.

Inside a pot, the fertiliz-ers and plant wasteshave no place to go, andbecome concentrated inthe bottom, which canraise the ph to toxic lev-els. This causes what isknown as nutrient lockand the plant cant getany nutrition. (Properwatering can help pre-vent this, waiting longerbetween watering, and

then generously soaking them so that thewater comes out the pots bottom holes.)Flushing can be said to be a very goodequalizer to correct problems, it returnsconditions in the soil to a baseline level,which can be adjusted on the basis of being empty of nutrients.At around 2 to 3 weeks, the plant willneed its first flush, and nutrients lock upand become unavailable for the use of the plant. Bring your plants to a sink,

and place them on it with the plug in.Gently pour water into the top, (so asnot to disturb the roots) until it runsout the bottom and note the colour. At

first it may be deepyellow like urine. (apretty good descrip-tion of what it is) Let

the sink drain, andrepeat this processnoting the color eachtime until the watercomes out clear.Let the pot dry outsome until the soilpulls away from thesides of the pot slightlybefore you water next,and apply half strengthall purpose fertilizer(20/20/20) so there will

be n o hesitation in the p lants growth dueto a sudden lack of nuttrients.If you do not do this, the plants willstart to slowly turn pale green, then yel-low as the N is depleted and chlorosistakes hold. The plant would be basical-ly starving to death without the additionof fresh nutrients to process.

Note that the plants will need a second flush at around 6 weeks of vegetationto keep it healthy an d a lso to switch thenutrient values as you change thelighting to go into your flowering

phase of growth .

G RO W TI PS - FL U SH I N G Y O U R C A N N A BI S

Coloured wat er after the flush

a close look at the flush water

photos and story courtesy Klozit K ing
http://www.klozitking.net/http://www.klozitking.net/http://www.klozitking.net/


27/36

by Lisa Smith

The Big Book of Buds takes you on afactual journey into the amazing worldof hemp and cannabis. Follow seedsfrom the beginning of time to presentday and learn what uses other cultureshave found for the plant. An entirechapter is devoted to the Canadian

movement complimented with historicphotos. Before reading this amazingbook, I had no idea there is an existingcannabis college and a hash, marijuanaand hemp museum. Not only does theBBB give you history about cannabisand hemp; it allows you to study 100

different plant strains so you can makeinformed choices on what to grow. TheBBB is a must read before you head outto buy seeds. Each of the 100 strainscomes with its own scientific break-down, which part of the world the strainoriginated, what it has been crossedwith, preferred climate conditions aswell as sensory expectations. If you aresuffering from chronic pain, insomnia,arthritis or side effects from other med-ications, the BBB will help you choosethe right plant for you with the correctmedical benefits you are looking for. Ifound the BBB fun and easy to readwith incredible amounts of valuableinformation and amazing photos. BBBhas given me the kno wledge to make aninformed choice before I purchaseseeds. BBB is not so much a book onhow to grow but more what to grow.

5 Leaf Award

The Big Book The Big Book



28/36

2 6 C A N N A B I S H E A L T H t h e m e d i c a l m a r i j u a n a

G ETTI N G H E LP W I T HC A N N A BI S N U TRI E N T RES EA RC H

Advanced Nutrients Cola Ca nna Cola Dutch M a ster Cola

Genera l Hy droponics Cola GroTek Cola Super N a tura l Cola

Several years ago, a series of unfortunateevents caused me to co ntract several life-

threatening diseases, among them HIVand hepatitis C. I made the mistake of putting my faith in doctors and prescrip-tion medicines. And be cause I had notbeen properly diagnosed with HIV in a

timely manner, I unknowingly exposedmy wife Shannon to th e disease.We bo thtried various prescript ion medicines, butour experimentation showed us thatmedical cannabis was the best medicine

we could use. As a mood enhancer itmakes us feel better, improves ourappetite, gets rid of nausea and chronicpain, we cant overdose on it, its a natu-ral herb and all this with no toxicity.We fought to get official certificationfrom Health Canadas medical marijuanacultivation p rogram. After many delayswe have to assume were related to ourcannabis activism we finally got officiallicenses to grow our own medicine. In2002 my wife and I opened the HolySmoke Healing Center Society inChilliwack,British Columbia and by 2003we found ourselves helping as many as

81 patients in the area. For us and manyothers growing our own medicine isproving to be challenging. We have allbeen confused about the conflictingclaims from nutrients companies, anec-dotal reports from growers and friendsregarding marijuana nutrients and howthey affect plant health.In March 2003, I got together with a cul-tivation exp ert named Remo. Remo hasbeen helping some of our medical grow-ers, and together we talked to MikeStraumietis, one of the founders of Advanced Nutrients, a marijuana nutri-ents comp any based in Abbotsford, BC. I

knew about Mike because he and hiscompany have donated equipment, sup-plies and advice to patients, members,growers and to the Holy Smoke Society.We p itched Mike on a practical compari-son of nutrients manufactured by sixnutrients companies.The medical marijuana grower is over-whelmed by sometimes 15 to 20 brandnames and all claim to give you thebiggest and most fragrant buds.We decid-ed to compare Advanced Nutrients,GrowTek, Canna, General Hydroponics,Supe rnatural, and Dutch Master. We builta custom grow room outfitted with

by Bria n Carlisle


29/36

G ETTI N G H E LP W I TH C A N N A BI S N U TRI E N T RESEA RC H


Advanced Nutrients Plot Ca nna Plot Dutch M a ster Plot

General Hydroponics Plot GroTek Plot Super N a tura l Plot

eleven 1000-Watt Hortilux conversionbulbs, dehumidifiers and CO 2 generators.The interior temperature and humiditywere totally controlled and constant.Theroom was monitored 24 hours a day toguard against variations in ideal growthclimate. We p rocured identical clonesfrom a Berlin mother and d ivided them

randomly into 8 clones for each of the sixcompanies.All the clones were planted inidentical containers and grow mediums.To ensure that our comparison was as sci-entific as possible, we made sure that allour grow room conditions, proceduresand protocols were identical, except thateach set of 8 plants received nutrients

from their designated nutrients company.We followed the standard instructions forthe standard formulations of each compa-nys grow and bloom formulas,and did notengage in any modification of the compa-nys programs at all.We made sure that PHand PPM were adjusted properly and uni-formly.

Almost immediately, there were notice-able differences in plant health andgrowth rates. Early on the GeneralHydroponics plants showed calcium,zinc, and potassium deficiencies and

were third largest in size as the vegeta-tive cycle ended. During flowering, theGH plants showed yellowing leaves thatare characteristic of nitrogen deficiency,and con tinued to show signs of calciumdeficiency. The GrowTek plants had allkinds of d eficiencies, including nitrogenand calcium, but also show ed signs of overfertilization. The GT plants werevery small at the end of the veg cycle.We found GrowTek was hard to use dueto comp licated mixing instructions. Itappeared to me and expert growers that

Dutch Masters supe rbud bloom for-mula contains a plant growth regulatorand a hormone that stunted plantgrowth.The DM plants were like dwarfs!They also had what appears to be man-

ganese deficiencies. Canna h ad nitrogenand calcium deficiencies. SuperNaturals plants were stunted in sizeduring the vegetative cycle, and hadnitrogen burning and light, airy colasduring the flowering cycle.It was fascinating to see the array of nutrient problems as the plants matured.People who visited the grow room com-mented that some plants were so differ-ent from others that it was hard tobelieve they had all started as stableclones of the same variety. As this article

is being written to meet the magazinesdeadline in late July, we are about a week away from harvest, and have been flush-ing the plants for a week to clear anychemmy taste and other problems that

result from improper flushing.In both vegetative and bloom cycles, theAdvanced Nutrients plants outdistancedthose grown with other manufacturersproducts.The Advanced Nutrients plantshave been the best performers all along,even though th ey were (rando mly) giventwo of the smallest clones. These smallclones recovered and are now among thebiggest plants with the most abundantcolas. Their p lants never exhibited th emorphological, growth rate or vigourproblems that dogged the plants grown


30/36

G ETTI N G H E LP W I TH C A N N A BI S N U TRI E N T RESEA RC H


by products from the other companies.Other than a tiny amount of leaf tip burn-ing due to the high nutr ient load they putin their products, Advanced Nutrientsplants have consistently looked better,grown faster and budded better thantheir companions. Further, the AN pro-gram has been easiest to use.After harvest, we w ill be tallying the yieldand testing the potency of each compa-nys plants, the results will be p osted inthe next issue of the Journ al,(November/December).Some visitors to our grow room haveexpressed skepticism, accusing myself and other people managing the room of being influenced by the AdvancedNutrients medical marijuana patientassistance p rogram. I understand theirskepticism, but I can assure the cannabiscommunity that these tests were con-ducted with only one aim: to find outwhich of the six comp anies had the bestnutrient s. I have a variety of medical con-ditions that make my life very difficult,and I and all other medical growers w antthe best nutrients so that when weexpend the time, money and energy to

grow cannabis, we get the best cannabisand the h ighest yields possible. My per-sonal desire is to produce the volumes,varieties and quality that will allowpatients to p roduce safer and more effec-tive concentrates. We have kept w rittenrecords and have videotaped our proce-dures every step o f the w ay. This test wascon duc ted as fairly and as scientifically asour resources allowed. The winner w illbe determined by the quality and poten-cy of the final product.

Editorial comm ent:Cannabis Health Journal hasreviewed this subm ission a nd is sat-isfied that th e principles have m adeno false claims, and ha ve actuallycondu cted this study a s reported. Inthe absence of institutionally initi-

ated research, private research ini-tiatives that involve m edical patients appears to be the onlyresearch addressing the challengesthat face the n ew m edical grower.CHJ expects to publish the final out-come of this study in the Nov./ Dec.1st Anniversary edition.


31/36

CANNABIS HEALTH What brought aboutthe idea of hemp tea?Pavel: Childhood memories. I rememberthe hemp p lant all around. I remembercold teas out of the ice box. It seemed likea natural now that hemp is legal.CH: When making the tea, do you use allof the plant when it is full grown?Pavel: No. We use only the young greengrowing tips of the plant that gives thesweetest flavour to the tea. Picking onlythese tips makes it such a unique crop toharvest because you can start picking asearly as 2 to 3 weeks after p lanting.Whenyou pick that growing tip, it doesnt takelong before there is double the growingtips to p ick again. This way you can getmany harvests per season.The p lant, har-vested th is early, also has no time to bu ildup any THC (the psychoactive ingredient)levels.CH: How long does it take to get the tea tothe customer?

Pavel: In 45 days from p lanting weve hadit in the bags and on the shelves for sale. Idont believe that there is another cropyou can do this within that short of atime, kind of like being on a 30-day creditplan. Being such a hardy plant, it can growwell under most conditions.CH: With the hemp plant being so versa-tile, are you trying to develop other mar-kets as well?Pavel: There are so many aspec ts of thisplant to experiment w ith.We have exper-imented with hemp tea in ice cream and

have submitted a taste test to a repre-sentative of Baskin & Robbins icecream. Hempty ice cream tastes entirelydifferent than ice cream made withhemp seed oil. It is light and clean, witha green gold colour.Highly appetizing tothe natural food connoisseur,and the icecream fanatic within us all. We havebeen trying hemp sprouts,w hich have awonderful zingy taste. I cant believehow good they do taste, I prefer them tothe othe r sprouts on the market.That is

not even taking into consideration theirnutr itional value wh ich I believe to be farsuper ior. In the early part of this centu ryNew Zealand staved off starvation usingthe nutritional valuein the seeds and otherby- products of hemp. More projectsinclude working withextracts and tinc-tures, to be used inteas and holisticremedies.We feel this is a pre ttygood crop not onlyfor peoples healthand the land, but alsothe farmers pocketbook.CH: What is the bestway to prepare thehemp tea?Pavel: One could p re-

pare it much thesame as regular greenteas, but to get themaximum benefitfrom the t ea, youwould want to addmilk or a similar oil-based product whileyou are steeping it.The active ingredi-ents are oil-based andare the refore releasedto a greater extent

with milk.CH: How much milk would you use?Pavel: Not too much, about what youmight add to your normal tea or coffee.


In the spring of 98 m em bers of the Granby Hemp Co-op planted hem p in the NorthFork v alley, 14 km North of Grand Forks. In the first year in accord w ith therequirem ents of Health Can ada farm ers planted th ree, 10 a cre plots. In 1999 a sec-ond 10 a cre crop w as planted a cross the road from the previou s plan ting. These

plots were for experim ental pu rposes and w ith n o resources to develop harvestingand processing in BC the project was placed on hold. However, nature had other

plan s. In th e process of work ing the crop an d attem pting to h arvest, seeds werekn ocked on the groun d, survived the w inter and germ inated in the spring. Alas theseeds were hybrids and did not continu e to reproduce over tim e. Over the two years

that the seeds germ inated on their own Paval an d his crew harvested and attempted to m arket a n ew product, Hem p Tea. Below is an exerpt of the the com plete interview posted at http:/ / ww w .openm ind er.com/ issu e12.htm l. The tea pot was cre-ated by Sonjas Special Things, of Grand Forks.

H E M P T Y


32/36


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