Humans have made furniture since ancient times. Ancient farmers made furniture such as dressers and cupboards out of stone. The early Egyptians made wooden beds, chairs and tables.

Skara Brae stone village, Skaill, Orkney

The best preserved hut interior features a 'stone cupboard' with hearth area to the left

Layout of a hut interior. Central hearth, shelves to the right, sleeping and working areas partitioned off with slabs.

History of Furniture

Humans have made furniture since ancient times. Ancient farmers made furniture such as dressers and cupboards out of stone. The early Egyptians made wooden beds, chairs and tables.

History of Furniture

RenaissanceTWO MOST POPULAR PIECES OF FURNITURE:

• BEDRope beds -

utilized a wood frame with ropes to support the mattress

• CHEST

Original 16th century rope bed used as the model by the Weald & Downland Museum (England).

a very elaborated Dutch Renaissance chest with figures of Virtues and biblical scenes, a so called "beeldenkist".

History of Furniture

17th Century

• mostly wooden• ornate legs with paw or

claw-like feet• DRAWER PULLS or HANDLES

became more intricate in design

• CHAIR SEATS took on a variety of shapes and styles from circular to octagonal, and plain carved wood to embroidered cushions.

History of Furniture

18th Century

• ROCKING CHAIRS "American Chair"

• Chippendale furniture -starting with

Chippendale cabinetry• Neoclassic furniture

-imitating the style of Greek and Roman

furniture.

yorkshire rocking chair child's rocking chair

Chippendale cabinet Chippnedale chair

History of Furniture

18th Century

• ROCKING CHAIRS "American Chair"

• Chippendale furniture -starting with

Chippendale cabinetry• Neoclassic furniture

-imitating the style of Greek and Roman

furniture.Italian Neo-Classical Settee

Neoclassical chair back designs by Thomas Sheraton

Italian Neoclassical Painted & Parcel Gilt Console

History of Furniture

Early 19th Century• WICKER FURNITURE

Popular items:- tea carts- blanket chests- smoking

stands• furniture making moved

into mass production and hand-made pieces became more rare.

History of Furniture

• Starting in the 1950s, plastic and fiberglass became increasingly common furniture materials.

• R.G. Reineman patented the first 1-piece plastic chair in 1960.

• By the 1970s, plastic furniture was widespread in American households.

History of Furniture

Types classified by materials:

• Wooden furniture• Bamboo furniture• Wicker or rattan furniture• Plastic furniture (a.k.a. acrylic furniture)• Glass furniture• Concrete furniture• Metal furniture

Furniture

• Like Sculpture & Installation

• Decorative Art with function to support human activities

- Considering Human Factors for Design – Man’s basic physiology, phychological and sociological make-up – Anthropometrics & Ergonomics

Furniture

Ergonomics:

the science of designing user interaction with equipment and workplaces to fit the user.

Furniture

Anthropometrics-study of the shape

and size of the human body

-science of measurement and the art of appication that establishes the physical geometry, mass properties, and strength capabilities of the human body

Furniture

Feminism

o To show the importance of women

o To reveal that in olden times women have been lower to men

o To bring about gender equity

goal

• The first wave comprised women’s suffrages , promoting women's right to vote.

The 3 waves

• The second wave was associated with the ideas and actions of the women’s liberation movement beginning in the 1960s.

The 3 waves

v

• The third wave is a continuation of, and a reaction to, the perceived failures of second-wave feminism.

The 3 waves

v

• Feminist theories first emerged as early as 1792.

• Feminist political theory is a recently emerging field in political science focusing on gender and feminist themes within the state, institutions and policies

THEORY

Karl Marx“ The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property.”

Brief explanation about Marxism…

Marxism

• Developed by Karl Marx, in early to mid 19th century

• an economic and socio-political worldview that contains within it a political ideology for how to change and improve society by implementing Socialism

• The proletariat will take control of the government for a classless society (Communism)

How are conditions and relations of production being reproduced and

maintained is society?

• Capitalism is iherently exploitative.

• Althusser’s solution: class is NOT inherent, but culturally produced, and our desires, beliefs, behaviours and preferences are products of ideology.

How are conditions and relations of production being reproduced and

maintained is society?Two Types of Mechanisms:

• repressive state apparatuses - police, army, prisons, courts etc.• ideological state apparatuses - sustained by cultural (education system, the

church, the family, media and culture) - gain free willed cooperation and a sense of choice of what is in reality imposed.

• both repressive state apparatuses and ideological state apparatuses operate together by combining repression and ideology

REPRESSION- action of subduing someone or something

by force

- the action or process of suppressing a thought or desire in oneself so that it remains unconscious

In "On Ideology" Althusser lists five key features of ideology:

1. ideology has no history2. ideology operates people3. ideology "represents the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence.4. Ideology has a material existence.5. Ideology hails or interpolates concrete individuals as subjects and individuals are always already-subjects.

• work through material practices which interpolates individuals into subjects of ideology. • enables by the existence of a unique and total

Subject• concept of double specularity in ideology, double

specularity being a doubled mirror effect.

• work through material practices which interpolates individuals into subjects of ideology. • enables by the existence of a unique and total

Subject• concept of double specularity in ideology, double

specularity being a doubled mirror effect.

• ideology effaces its presence-In this way it could be seen as a little

deceitful.

• He also discusses determinism - that is, we freely accept the subjection to ideology.

Terry EagletonCriticism and Ideology

Terry EagletonBorn: Feb. 22, 1943He was educated at De La Salle

CollegeOne of the foremost Marxist

literary criticsInfluenced both students and

professionals

Criticism• a Marxist critic• Social and political forces

influences society's aesthetics• works of literary criticism that

explore the relationship between literature, history, and society.

Case Studies

Philippe Starck designs deluxe objects and posh condos and hotels around the world. Always witty and engaged, he takes special delight in rethinking everyday objects.

• a legend of modern design• known for his luxurious hotels and boites

around the world -- designing the total environment from layout to furniture to linens.

• some of the iconic shapes of the 20th century, including his leggy chrome juice squeezer , the reimagined Emeco aluminum chairs, and the witty Louis Ghost polycarbonate fauteuil.

BIO

Kenneth Cobonpue • multi-awarded furniture designer and manufacturer from Cebu. • Industrial Design from Pratt Institute in New York• Integrating locally sourced materials with innovative handmade production processes,

• Awards to his credit include 5 Japan Good Design Awards, the grand prize at the Singapore International Design Competition, the Design for Asia Award of Hongkong, the American Society of Interior Design Top Pick selection and the French Coup de Coeur award

• has appeared on European television, countless international magazines and newspapers around the world. Various Cobonpue designs have also appeared in full-length feature films and television such as Oceans 13 and CSI.

• reveals new work each year in design shows • speaks regularly about Southeast Asian design all over the world• In 2007, TIME magazine called him "rattans first virtuoso".