ccna bec v4 02 cisco ios
TRANSCRIPT
1Introduction to Cisco IOS
Introduction to Cisco IOS
LogicaCMG CCNA course
Global Training department
2Introduction to Cisco IOS
Objectives
• Introduction to Cisco Routers
– Memory
– Interfaces
– Initializing
• Managing Cisco Routers
– Access Modes
– User Interface
• Configuring Cisco Routers
• Cisco Discovery Protocol
3Introduction to Cisco IOS
Memory on Cisco routers
• RAM– Is used during normal operation
• NVRAM– Stores configuration
• Flash– Stores image(s)
• ROM– Stores ROM-image (BIOS)
RAM NVRAM Flash ROM
4Introduction to Cisco IOS
Memory on Cisco routers
CoreRouter2#sh verCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(23), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)Copyright (c) 1986-2004 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 28-Jan-04 17:48 by kellmillImage text-base: 0x8000808C, data-base: 0x80A1C284
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
CoreRouter2 uptime is 1 week, 2 hours, 55 minutesSystem returned to ROM by power-onSystem image file is "flash:c2600-i-mz.122-23.bin"
cisco 2611 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 45056K/4096K bytes of memory.Processor board ID JAD04370AXG (3468462565)M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49Bridging software.X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.2 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)2 Serial network interface(s)16 terminal line(s)32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
5Introduction to Cisco IOS
Initializing
RUN RXbootImage
Enter ROMMonitor Mode
not found
CHECKCONFIG
REG
Load fromTFTP
Load fromROM
Loadconfig
LoadIOS
Load IOS
Subset
Run auto setup
SEARCHCONFIG
FILE
Load fromflash
ReadNVRAM
CHECKCONFIG
REG
POST
6Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuration-register
• 16-bit register
– Normal value is 0x2102
– Ignore startup-configuration (pw-recovery) value is 0x2142
• Other combinations; to specify system boot order–0x2100 - Rommon
–0x2101 - RxBoot
–0x2102 - Normal IOS
• Use ‘show version’ to display value config register
• Use ‘config-register’ global configuration command to set the value from a running system
7Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring the system boot file
• Specify boot options in ‘startup-config’, e.g. to boot from:– flash: boot system flash:filename– tftp: boot system tftp filename tftp-server-ip– rom: boot system rom
• Examples:boot system flash:
boot system tftp c2600-ip-plus 255.255.255.255
boot system tftp c2600-ip-plus 172.16.10.2
boot system rom
• Use ‘copy tftp flash’ to copy IOS to a Cisco device• Use ‘show flash:’ to display stored files in flash
8Introduction to Cisco IOS
Access to the router
• Console
– COM port on computer to RJ45 Console port router
– Roll-over console cable
• Telnet
– Interface must be reachable via IP
– Using a Terminal Emulator
• Auxiliary port
– Often used for Asynchronous dial access
– Can also be used as a normal console port
9Introduction to Cisco IOS
Access Modes
• User Exec Mode– limited control
– Router>
• Privileged Exec Mode– full control
– Router#
• Setup mode– When there is no startup-config
• Rxboot mode– if IOS load failure
– Router(boot)>
• ROM monitor mode– rommon 1 >
10Introduction to Cisco IOS
Access Modes diagram
User EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC Mode
RT1>enableRT1#
RT1#disableRT1>
• Console/AUX• Telnet
Global configuration
Mode
RT1#config tRT1(config)#
RT1(config)#exitRT1#
Line configuration ModeInterface configuration mode
RT1(config)#int fa0/0RT1(config-if)#RT1(config)#line con 0RT1(config-line)#
RT1(config-if)#exitRT1(config)#RT1(config-line)#exitRT1(config)#
11Introduction to Cisco IOS
User Interface
•? - gives (sub)command explanation/parameter options
•Ctrl+p - or arrow up, recalls last command(s)
•Ctrl+n - or arrow down, recalls next command
•tab - entry completion
•Ctrl+a - cursor to (command)line start
•Ctrl+e - cursor to (command)line end
•show history - shows previously used commands
•terminal history size lines - sets recall buffer (default=10)
•Ctrl+r - recall current command
•Ctrl+shift+6,x break sequence, returns to the first session
•Ctrl+shift+6,xx returns to previous session, instead of the first
12Introduction to Cisco IOS
Viewing Router/Switch Status
RAM
Internetwork Operating System
RunningPrograms
Tables and
Buffers
DynamicConfigurationInformation
NVRAM Flash
BackupConfiguration
File
OS imagesand stored
routingtables
Interfaces
Router#show interfaces
Router#show memRouter#show ip route
Router#show flash
Router#show startup-configRouter#show running-config
Router#show processes CPURouter#show protocols
Router#show version
13Introduction to Cisco IOS
Switch# show interface fa0/1
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 000d.653b.4341 (bia 000d.653b.4341)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s
input flow-control is unsupported output flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:04, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
922345 packets input, 141140805 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 854152 broadcasts (0 multicast)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 715978 multicast, 0 pause input
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
102307 packets output, 10217308 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
14Introduction to Cisco IOS
Understanding show interface
Switch#sh int fa0/1
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)….
• Layer 1 working then FastEthernet0/1 is up
• Layer 2 working then Line protocol is up
THENIF
Interface is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Working
Interface is up, line protocol is downLine protocol (L2) /Datalink layer problem
Interface is down, line protocol is down(not connected)
Interface (L1) /Physical layer problem
Interface is administratively down, line protocol is down
Administratively disabled
15Introduction to Cisco IOS
Router/Switch configuration
• Start configuring by typing in privileged mode (#)
– ‘configure terminal‘ (or short: ‘conf t‘)
• Use ‘no <command>’ to remove configuration commands• Commands are effectuated/executed directly after pressing ‘Enter’• Use ‘^z’ or ‘end ‘ or ‘exit ‘ to exit (sub)config mode• Display active configuration
– ‘show running-config ‘
• Display saved startup configuration– ‘show startup-config‘
• Save active (modified) configuration using– ‘copy running-config startup-config‘ (preferred)– ‘write memory‘ (or short: ‘wr’ , is outdated command!)
16Introduction to Cisco IOS
Managing configuration files
TFTP
RAM
NVRAM
Copy tftp running-config(merge) Copy running-config startup-conf
Copy startup-config running-config (merge)
Copy running-config tftp
Copy tftp startup-config
Copy startup-config tftp
17Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring Comments
• Give the device a name–Router(config)# hostname Router5
–Router5(config)#
• Use descriptions on interfaces–description Frame Relay line to Amsterdam
• Use banners–banner motd #
Unauthorized access is rewarded!
#
–banner exec
–banner login
18Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring Ethernet Interfaces
router#configure terminal
router(config)# interface Ethernet 0
router(config-if)# description connection to router1
router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)# no shut
router(config-if)# exit
router(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1
router(config-if)# description VLAN 2 Ethernet
router(config-if)# ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)# duplex full
router(config-if)# speed 100
router(config-if)# no shut
router(config-if)# exit
19Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring Serial Interfaces (1/2)
• Serial lines require a clock signal
• The DCE side provide the clock signal
• When using a null-modem cable, then specify a clock on the DCE side (normally only used in lab environments)
• To check if a serial interface is DTE or DCE:
–show controllers serial 0router5#show controllers serial 0/0Interface Serial0/0Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860DTE V.35 TX and RX clocks detected.idb at 0x811C0484, driver data structure at 0x811C7F18SCC Registers:General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000030, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x001F, Status [SCCS]=0x06Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7EInterrupt Registers: ……………………
20Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring Serial Interfaces (2/2)
DTE Cable:
router#configure terminal
router(config)# interface serial 0
router(config-if)# description connection to Amsterdam
router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.252
router(config-if)# bandwidth 64
router(config-if)# no shut
DCE cable:
router#configure terminal
router(config)# interface serial 0
router(config-if)# description connection to Utrecht
router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.252
router(config-if)# bandwidth 64
router(config-if)# clock rate 64000
router(config-if)# no shut
21Introduction to Cisco IOS
Configuring DNS
• DNS lookups are enabled by default, to disable type:
– no ip domain-lookup
• Specify DNS server:–ip name-server <address 1> {<address2>, }
• Create a local hosts table:–ip host <name> [tcp port] <ip address>
22Introduction to Cisco IOS
Cisco Discovery Protocol
• Cisco proprietary protocol
• Used to discover directly connected Cisco devices
• Provides additional information like:– device id
– address list
– port id
– capabilities list
– version
– platform
– layer 3
– addressing
23Introduction to Cisco IOS
Cisco Discovery Protocol
router4>sh cdp neigh detail-------------------------Device ID: Router1Entry address(es): IP address: 172.16.2.6Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial0/0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0Holdtime : 156 sec
Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-AJS40-L), Version 11.3(6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 06-Oct-98 23:17 by kpma
24Introduction to Cisco IOS
Other Useful troubleshooting tools
• ping
• traceroute
• debug
25Introduction to Cisco IOS
Ping
router4>ping
% Incomplete command.
router4#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 172.16.10.3
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 172.16.10.4
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: yes
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
26Introduction to Cisco IOS
ICMP echo response codes
• . – Nothing was received before echo request timed-out
• ! – ICMP echo reply received (0)
• ? – Unknown packet received
• M – ICMP can’t fragMent message received
• N – ICMP Network unreachable message received
• P – ICMP Port unreachable message received
• Q – ICMP source Quench message received
• U – ICMP destination Unreachable message received
27Introduction to Cisco IOS
Traceroute
CoreRouter2#traceroute
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 192.168.1.1
Source address:
Numeric display [n]:
Timeout in seconds [3]:
Probe count [3]:
Minimum Time to Live [1]:
Maximum Time to Live [30]:
Port Number [33434]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.1.1
1 router1 (10.0.0.1) 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 * * *
3 * *
28Introduction to Cisco IOS
Debug
• Debug is CPU intensive
• Use ‘un all’ to disable debugging
• Be very specific in what you want to debug
CoreRouter3#debug isdn q921
ISDN Q921 packets debugging is on
CoreRouter3#
1w0d: ISDN BR1/0: RX <- RRp sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/2: RX <- RRp sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/0: TX -> RRf sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/2: TX -> RRf sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/3: RX <- RRp sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/3: TX -> RRp sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/3: TX -> RRf sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
1w0d: ISDN BR1/3: RX <- RRf sapi=0 tei=82 nr=0
CoreRouter3#un all
All possible debugging has been turned off
CoreRouter3#
30Introduction to Cisco IOS
Summary
• In this chapter you learned how to:
– Identify different pieces of hardware within Cisco devices
– Navigate through different levels of the Operating environment
– Learned how to use the various troubleshooting tools inside IOS