Cells and Cell SystemsCells and Cell Systems

Cells and Cell SystemsCells and Cell SystemsVideo: Video: Tour of the CellTour of the Cell

ReviewReview

Cell Theory

• Two main ideas?

1) All Living things are composed of one or more cells.

2) All cells come from pre-existing cells

ReviewReview

What are the 6 Characteristics of Living Things?

Living things are:• Compose of cells• Reproduce, grow, and repair• Require energy• Respond to the environment• Have a life span• Produce waste

A quick review

• What is this?• What are cells?

– Cells are the smallest units of life

Scanning electron micrograph of human red blood cells

Anatomy of the Animal Cell

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6 7

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1) Cell Membrane1) Cell Membrane

• Serves as a boundary between the cell and the outside environment

• Holds contents of the cell in place • act as a gatekeeper, controlling the

movement of materials into and out of the cell

• All consist of double layer of fat molecules

BACK

2) Cytoplasm• Contains everything between

the cell membrane and the nucleus: organelles

• consists of primarily of water• Site of chemical activities ie.

dissolved gasses and nutrients

• Allow transportation between structures

• Store waste until depose

BACK

3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Spreading throughout the

cytoplasm• Protein producing

organelles• A series of folded

membranes giving it a very large surface area

• Provide surface area for cell reactions

• Site of lipid (fat) productionSmooth ER

Rough ERHas ribosomes

Structure where fats (lipids) are made

BACK

4) Ribosomes• manufacture

proteins for the cell

• Location: rER, cytoplasm

BACK

5) Golgi Apparatus

• Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes

• Store protein (produced by rER) and puts them into packages called vesicles– Release to the outside

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6) Lysosome• produced by the golgi

body• Called suicide sacks• Contain special

proteins that used to breakdown large molecules (digestive enzymes)

• Patrol and clean cytoplasm

• Destroying harmful substances and bacteria that enter the cells

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7) Mitochodria

• Energy Production (power plant of the cell)

• Rod-shaped organelles

• Provide energy for cells– Through process:

cellular respiration• sugar molecules +

oxygen molecules carbon dioxide + water

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8) Nucleus8) Nucleus• Control center• containing hereditary

material (DNA) • Direct all cell’s activities• Surrounded by a membrane• Cells with a nuclear

membrane: Eukaryotic cells• Those without a nuclear

membrane: prokaryotic cells– Ex. One-celled organism;

bacteria

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9)Chromosomes

• Found inside the nucleus• Contain DNA or genetic

material– Holds “construction plan” for all

parts of the cell– Duplicated and passed on to

other cells

How do cells move?How do cells move?

• hair like extentions off of the cell membrane

Plant CellsPlant Cells

• Generally plant cells contain the same features as animal cells such as;

• Cell membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• sER and rER

– Have some special structures that are not found in animal cells

What structure do plant cells have different from animal cells?

Cell wall

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell WallCell Wall

• Outside the cell membrane which provides additional strength

• Protects and supports the plant cell

• Have small openings (pores) that allow some molecules to pass through: – Gases, water, some minerals

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VacuoleVacuole

• Water and nutrients storage (just as in animal cells)

• often with dissolved pigments, waste materials, or other substances

• Much larger in plants• Store waste that is

produced or absorbed by the plant

BACK

ChloroplastChloroplast

• Double membrane, made up of stacked discs (thyakoids) and fluid (stroma)

• Energy source Food factory of the plant cells

• Contain chlorophyll (green chemical molecules)– plant cells trap the energy of light

and use it to manufacture food proteins for the cell

– Site of Photosynthesis– Animal cells cannot do this

• What is chloroplast similar to in an animal cell?

Homework: SSA practiceHomework: SSA practice

• In your textbook Pg. 13 #2-6

• On your own, brainstorm about chromosome– Come up with some visual examples that

demonstrate what it does.• May help to use action words in its definition as in

what it is and what it does to decide what visuals you might use

Example: CytoplasmExample: Cytoplasm

• Function: stores wastes

• Visual: a garbage; can store waste– Remember: your visual doesn’t have to look

like the that part of the cell, just the function

ExtrasExtras

• Centrioles are found only in animal cells. They function in cell division. Notice the 9 sets of 3 arrangement of the protein fibers.

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

• Under light microscope

• Under electron microscope

Plant CellsPlant Cells

• Under light microscope

• Under electron microscope