AP Biology

Chapter 8– A Tour of the Cell

Regents Biology

The Cell Theory1. All living things are made up of cells

2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells

3. Cells are the basic unit of life

Robert Hooke

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Theodor Schwann Rudolf Virchow

Regents Biology

All cells have 4 features in common: Plasma membrane / cell membrane DNA molecule Ribosomes (structure where proteins are made)

Cytoplasm

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All cells are divided into 2 groups:

Prokaryote CellsProkaryote Cells Eukaryote CellsEukaryote Cells

Regents Biology

Prokaryotic Cells

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Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cells

Protist Cells

Fungus Cells

Animal Cells

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Most cells are microscopic but not all

Bacterial cell

Animal cell

micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter diameter of human hair = ~20 microns

most bacteria 1-10 microns

eukaryotic cells 10-100 microns

Regents Biology

So why do we study cells? Life is made up of cells (cell differentiation)

cells tissues organs systems

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1. make energy need energy for all activities

2. make proteins proteins do all the work in a cell

3. make more cells for growth to replace damaged or diseased cells

Cells have 3 main jobs:

Regents Biology

How do we study cells? Microscopes!!!

Compound MicroscopeLight Microscope

Electron MicroscopeS.E.M. vs T.E.M.

Regents Biology

Variations of the Electron Microscope

SEM

TEM