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Chapter 5: Culture & Community

Overview

0* Todays Multicultural Classrooms

1* Social Class Differences

2* Ethnic & Racial Differences

3* Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom

4* Language Differences in the Classroom

5*Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms

6* Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student

Concept Map forChapter 5

Todays Multicultural Classroom

7* The Melting Pot

8* Cultural deficit model

9* Multicultural education alternatives

10* No best approach

11* The Banks Model

See Figure 5.1, Woolfolk p. 158

Banks Dimensions of multicultural Education

American Cultural Diversity

12* Culture defined

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13* Group membership

14* Cautions in interpreting cultural differences

15* Teach individual students, not ethnicity!

Social Class Differences

16* SES

17* Wealth, power, background, prestige

18* Upper, middle, working, lower

19* Poor defined

20* See Table 5.1, Woolfolk p. 160, and Figure 5.2, p. 161

SES and Achievement

21* Positive correlation: SES & achievement

22* Related influences:

23* Poor health care

24* Low expectations

25* Learned helplessness

26* Peer influences and resistance cultures

27* Tracking

28* Childrearing styles

29* Home environment and resourcesEthnic and Racial Differences

Definitions

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30* Ethnicity

31* Race

32* Minority group

The Changing Demographics:Cultural Differences

33* Iceberg analogy

34* Cultural conflicts

35* Cultural compatibility

36* Ethnic & racial differences in achievement

37* Working with families & communities

38* See Family and Community Partnerships, Woolfolk, p. 169

Ethnic and Racial Differences

39* Discrimination

40* Brown court case

41* Prejudice

42* Authoritarian personality

43* Stereotypes and their effects

44* Combating stereotypes

Females & Males: Differences in the Classroom

Gender Role Identity

45* Differences between men & women

46* Gender versus sex

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47* Androgynous

48* Gender schemas

49* Gender-role stereotyping

50* Gender bias in the curriculum

51* Sex discrimination in schools

Sex Differences in Mental Abilities

52* No overall IQ difference

53* Girls show strength in reading, writing, language, computation

54* Boys show strength in mathematical, mechanical, and visual informationprocessing

55* Why the differences?

Eliminating Gender Bias

56* Check textbooks for gender bias

57* Watch for unintended biases in your classroom practices

58* Check for equal opportunities for both sexes in school activities

59* Use gender free language

60* Provide role models

61* See Guidelines, Woolfolk p. 179

Language Differences

Dialects

62* Language difference versus errors

63* Pronunciation differences

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64* Dialects and teaching

65* Bilingualism

66* ESL

67* LEP

68* Bilingual education approaches

69* Transition

70* Maintain

71* Research on bilingual programs

Bilingualism

72* Effective teaching

73* See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 182 and Table 5.3, p. 185

Creating CulturallyCompatible Classrooms

Goals for Cultural Compatibility

74* Eliminate:

75* Racism

76* Sexism

77* Prejudice

78* Incorporate:

79* Equal educational opportunities

80* Culturally friendly teaching strategies

Teaching Strategies

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81* Socialization

82* Learning styles

83* Appropriate cautions

84* Sociolinguistics

85* Participation structures

86* Misunderstandings

87* Culturally relevant pedagogy

88* Focus on academic success

89* Develop/maintain cultural competence

90* Develop critical consciousness

Application Question

How would you lead a discussion group that included Caucasians, AfricanAmericans, Native Americans, and Hispanics?

Reflection Question

Compare and contrast teaching in an inner city school in Chicago with a schoolon a Navaho Indian Reservation. How would you vary your teachingstrategies?

Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student

91* Know your students

92* Respect your students

93* Teach your students

94* See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 192

Summary

95* Todays Multicultural Classrooms

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96* Social Class Differences

97* Ethnic & Racial Differences

98* Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom

99* Language Differences in the Classroom

100* Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms

101* Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student

Review Questions

102* Distinguish between the melting pot and multiculturalism.

103* What is multicultural education?

104* What is culture?

105* What is SES?

106* What is the relationship between SES and school achievement?

Review Questions

107* Distinguish between ethnicity and race.

108* How can ethnicity affect school performance?

109* Distinguish between prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype threat.

110* What is gender-role identity?

111* How do gender-role identities develop?

112*Are there sex differences in cognitive abilities?

Review Questions

113* What are the origins of language differences in the classroom?

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114* What is bilingual education?

115* What are the elements of a culturally compatible classroom?

116* What is culturally relevant pedagogy?

117* How can teachers create classrooms in which all students can learn?

End Chapter 5