ch. 1, section 1 – the nature of science i. problem solving a. problems vs. exercises 1.problem: a...
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Ch. 1, Section 1 – The Nature of Science
I. Problem Solving
A. Problems vs. Exercises
1. Problem: A question about something that has no easy or obvious answer.
Ozone Hole Animation
2. Exercise: A question that has obvious steps to find answer.
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B. Ways to Solve Problems…
1. Predict solutions and try them (retrace steps)
2. Look for patterns and make predictions (always late for class)
3. develop a model – an idea, system, or structure that representsthe problem.(planes in wind tunnels)
4. Break down the problemintosmaller
problems.(saving the earth)
[The 16-foot wind tunnel at Ames Research Center]
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C. Scientific Problem Solving1. There are certain steps to solving problems in science (scientific method)
a. Observation: using senses to gather information(determine the problem)
b. Hypothesis: predictions that can be tested
c. Experiment: testing predictions made (analyze results)
d. theory: making an explanation based on observations(draw conclusions)
e. scientific law: “rule of nature” proven many times tobe true
HMMMMM...
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3. Experimentation
a. Experiment: Organized procedure for testing a hypothesis
b. What is needed to perform experiments:
1. Control: A standard for comparison
2. Constants: Unchanging factors
3. Variables: changing factors
a. Independent Variable: adjusted in experiment (x)
b. Dependent Variable: depends on value of independent (y)
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II. Graphing
A. Bar Graphs: Used for comparing objects (like hair colors)
B. Circle (Pie) Graphs: Used to represent parts of a whole (percents)
C. Line Graphs: Used to show trends or changes over time (stocks)
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III. Metric System: System of measurement based on multiples of 10; used worldwide; uses prefixes when converting
A. Length: distance between two points; measured in meters (m)
B. Mass: the “stuff” that makes up an object; measured in kilograms (kg)
C. Volume: the amount of space an object takes up; measured in liters (L)
D. Time: the interval between two events; measured in seconds (s)
E. Density: the amount of mass in a certain volume; measured in (kg/L)
F. Temperature: measure of how “hot or cold” an object is; measured in degrees Celsius (C); SI units Kelvin (K)
[kilo-(k) hecto-(h) deka-(dk) BASE- deci-(d) centi-(c) milli-(m)]
B-d, B-d, B-d, That’s All Folks!!