Ch. 18 PPT Ch. 18 PPT Renewing the Renewing the SectionalSectional Struggle Struggle

Compromise of 1850

Kansas Nebraska Act

ThemeTheme:: Sectional conflictSectional conflict over over expansion of slavery erupted after the expansion of slavery erupted after the Mexican-Am War and was Mexican-Am War and was temporarily temporarily quietedquieted by the by the Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850,, but but Douglas’s Douglas’s 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act created another explosion.created another explosion.

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty:: sovereign people of a territory, sovereign people of a territory,

under the principles of the Constitution, should under the principles of the Constitution, should themselves themselves determine the status of slaverydetermine the status of slavery..

Some agreed because it went along with the Some agreed because it went along with the democratic tradition of democratic tradition of self-determinationself-determination.. (Territories (Territories decides for themselves).decides for themselves).

It was also a It was also a compromise ofcompromise of Congress,Congress, making the making the decision whether to decision whether to ban or allow slaveryban or allow slavery..

Negative point according to the Negative point according to the NorthNorth: it might serve : it might serve to spread slavery.to spread slavery.

Election of 1848Election of 1848 Democratic candidateDemocratic candidate: General Lewis Cass: General Lewis Cass

““popular sovereignty”popular sovereignty” Avoided slavery issueAvoided slavery issue

Whig CandidateWhig Candidate: Zachary Taylor “Hero of Buena : Zachary Taylor “Hero of Buena Vista”Vista”

Never held office or voted for pres.Never held office or voted for pres. Avoided slavery issueAvoided slavery issue

Free Soil Party CandidateFree Soil Party Candidate: Martin Van Buren: Martin Van Buren Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties. Pro Wilmot ProvisoPro Wilmot Proviso Advocated federal aid for internal improvements-roadsAdvocated federal aid for internal improvements-roads

Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men!”

Had “conscience Whigs” who condemned slavery on moral grounds.

Laborers can’t compete with slave labor.

Condemned slavery for destroying chances of free white workers to rise up from wage earning dependence to self-employment.

Foreshadowed emergence of Republican Party.

“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men!”

Had “conscience Whigs” who condemned slavery on moral grounds.

Laborers can’t compete with slave labor.

Condemned slavery for destroying chances of free white workers to rise up from wage earning dependence to self-employment.

Foreshadowed emergence of Republican Party.

1848 Presidential Election 1848 Presidential Election ResultsResults

1848 Presidential Election 1848 Presidential Election ResultsResults

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GOLD Discovered in CAGOLD Discovered in CAAt Sutter’s Mill, 1848At Sutter’s Mill, 1848

GOLD Discovered in CAGOLD Discovered in CAAt Sutter’s Mill, 1848At Sutter’s Mill, 1848

John A. Sutter

John A. Sutter

TMWK 18TMWK 181. 1. Pg 392Pg 392 Describe the geographic location of Describe the geographic location of

the California “the California “Gold Rush countryGold Rush country.”.”

2. 2. Pg 393Pg 393 Describe how the miners in Placer Describe how the miners in Placer “mined” for gold.“mined” for gold.

1849 California Gold Rush1849 California Gold Rush1849 California Gold Rush1849 California Gold Rush

49er’s49er’s

““Gold Rush in California”Gold Rush in California” Thousands rushed to CA Thousands rushed to CA to strike it richto strike it rich!! People made a profit off of the miners: People made a profit off of the miners: laundrylaundry and and

other other personal servicespersonal services.. Many Many lawless menlawless men and virtue less women. and virtue less women. High rates of High rates of crimecrime, , robberyrobbery, , violenceviolence, and , and murder.murder. 1849: CA drafted 1849: CA drafted Constitution -Constitution - prohibited slaveryprohibited slavery and and

applied for admission to Union.applied for admission to Union. Outraged Southern Politicians: tipped Outraged Southern Politicians: tipped balancebalance of 15. of 15. CACA became became free statefree state, , NM & UtahNM & Utah wanted wanted admission admission

as freeas free state state - - set precedent for Mexican cession set precedent for Mexican cession landslands..

Concerns of The South in 1850Concerns of The South in 1850• Desire to maintain Desire to maintain balancebalance of slave vs. free. of slave vs. free.• Texans Texans threaten to seize territorythreaten to seize territory east of Rio east of Rio

Grande and north to the 42Grande and north to the 42ndnd parallel. parallel.• Agitation for the Agitation for the District of Columbia to abolish District of Columbia to abolish

slavery.slavery.• Wanted Wanted more effective Fugitive Slave Law.more effective Fugitive Slave Law.• 1850: South losing about a 1,000 slaves due to 1850: South losing about a 1,000 slaves due to

runaways/underground railroadrunaways/underground railroad. (leads to . (leads to Fugitive Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law).).

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad Chain of “stations” to help runaway slaves escape to Chain of “stations” to help runaway slaves escape to

the North (Railroad terminology used).the North (Railroad terminology used). Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman: illiterate runaway slave who went : illiterate runaway slave who went

back to South 19 times to help other runaway slaves, back to South 19 times to help other runaway slaves, and her parents to escape.and her parents to escape.

Tubman known as “Tubman known as “MosesMoses.”.”

Senatorial GiantsSenatorial Giants: : Clay, Calhoun, WebsterClay, Calhoun, Webster

Henry ClayThe “Great Compromiser”

John C. Calhoun

Daniel Webster

Twilight of Senatorial GiantsTwilight of Senatorial Giants: : Clay, Calhoun, Clay, Calhoun, WebsterWebster who who supported Compromisesupported Compromise

Henry ClayHenry Clay: North and South should : North and South should compromisecompromise. . North should give in by North should give in by allowing fugitive slave lawallowing fugitive slave law..

John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun: Leave slavery alone. Return : Leave slavery alone. Return runaway slaves. Give South its rights as a minority, runaway slaves. Give South its rights as a minority, restore restore political balancepolitical balance. Had idea of . Had idea of electing 2 electing 2 presidentspresidents: one each from North and South – each : one each from North and South – each with with veto powerveto power..

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster: : March 7,March 7, 1850 famous speech1850 famous speech – – argued to argued to give concessions to the Southgive concessions to the South, including a , including a fugitive slave law. His speech helped fugitive slave law. His speech helped turned the tideturned the tide so so North would compromiseNorth would compromise. He . He thought CA wasn’t thought CA wasn’t good for farming.good for farming.

Deadlock, then CompromiseDeadlock, then Compromise William H. SewardWilliam H. Seward: : against slaveryagainst slavery, against , against

concessions to South, Christian lawmakers should concessions to South, Christian lawmakers should obey God’s moral lawobey God’s moral law as well as man’s law. as well as man’s law.

God’s moral law is an even “God’s moral law is an even “higher lawhigher law” than ” than Constitution.Constitution.

1850 Pres Taylor dies. VP Millard Fillmore becomes 1850 Pres Taylor dies. VP Millard Fillmore becomes pres. pres. Congress debated for Congress debated for 7 months7 months, then , then Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 was passed. Pres. Fillmore was passed. Pres. Fillmore signed the compromise measures. signed the compromise measures.

SouthernersSoutherners who met in Nashville who met in Nashville condemned the condemned the compromisecompromise..

Tmwk 18Tmwk 183. Pg 394 Map3. Pg 394 Map Before the compromise of 1850, Before the compromise of 1850,

what area was in dispute what area was in dispute between Texas and between Texas and New MexicoNew Mexico? ?

4. Chart pg 3974. Chart pg 397 What did What did specific statesspecific states receivereceive or settle uponor settle upon in the Compromise of 1850? in the Compromise of 1850?

5. Pg 399 Map5. Pg 399 Map After the Compromise of 1850, After the Compromise of 1850, describe the describe the geographic locationgeographic location of the of the slave slave states and the free states. states and the free states.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850Concessions to NorthConcessions to North Concessions to SouthConcessions to South

•CaliforniaCalifornia admitted as admitted as freefree state state•Territory disputed by TX Territory disputed by TX and New Mexico to be and New Mexico to be surrendered surrendered to New to New MexicoMexico•Abolition of Abolition of slave tradeslave trade (but not slavery) in (but not slavery) in District District of Columbiaof Columbia..

•New MexicoNew Mexico and and UtahUtah formed as formed as territories without territories without restriction of slaveryrestriction of slavery: open : open to “to “popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty””•Texas received Texas received $10 million$10 million from federal govt as from federal govt as compensationcompensation•Stricter Stricter Fugitive Slave Fugitive Slave LawLaw

What did the Compromise of 1850 do?What did the Compromise of 1850 do?

Resolving Resolving the Texas the Texas

Border Border DisputeDispute

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Called “Called “Bloodhound BillBloodhound Bill”.”. Fleeing slave can’t testify on their own behalf & were Fleeing slave can’t testify on their own behalf & were

denied trial by jurydenied trial by jury.. Feared this would set a precedent for whites.Feared this would set a precedent for whites. Federal CommissionerFederal Commissioner in charge of case received in charge of case received $5$5 if if

slave was freed, slave was freed, $10$10 if not (like a bribe). if not (like a bribe). Northerners who aided slaves to escape faced Northerners who aided slaves to escape faced heavy heavy

finesfines and and jail sentencesjail sentences.. Created Created more abolitionistsmore abolitionists.. Personal Liberty laws passed.Personal Liberty laws passed.

Who got the better deal from this Who got the better deal from this Compromise? Compromise? North didNorth did!!

CA came in as CA came in as free statefree state - - tipped the balance of tipped the balance of power power permanentlypermanently..

Territories of Territories of New MexicoNew Mexico and and UtahUtah open to open to slavery slavery through popular sovereigntythrough popular sovereignty – state – state votes to determine if they would be slave or votes to determine if they would be slave or freefree

Environment of territories supported free soil.Environment of territories supported free soil.

Impact of Compromise of 1850 and Impact of Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Debate gave North time to Debate gave North time to accumulate material and accumulate material and moral strength for warmoral strength for war..

Bolstered Yankee (Northern) resistance to secession.Bolstered Yankee (Northern) resistance to secession. South angry because North South angry because North failed to enforce Fugitive failed to enforce Fugitive

Slave Law.Slave Law. Many moderates moved Many moderates moved to join the anti-slaveryitesto join the anti-slaveryites.. MassachusettsMassachusetts: made it a legal offense for any state : made it a legal offense for any state

official to try to enforce the new federal law.official to try to enforce the new federal law. Other statesOther states: passed “: passed “personal liberty lawspersonal liberty laws” which ” which

denied local jails to federal officials and otherwise denied local jails to federal officials and otherwise hampered enforcementhampered enforcement of the compromise bill. of the compromise bill.

Election of 1852Election of 1852 DemocratDemocrat Candidate Candidate: : Franklin PierceFranklin Pierce - strongly - strongly

endorsed Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave endorsed Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave LawLaw

WhigWhig Candidate Candidate: : Winfield ScottWinfield Scott – supported the – supported the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Free SoilFree Soil Candidate Candidate: : John P. HaleJohn P. Hale Democrat Democrat Franklin PierceFranklin Pierce won the election. won the election. Marked Marked

the the endend of the Whig party of the Whig party National parties lessened. National parties lessened. Sectional political partiesSectional political parties

roserose..

Attempt to Spread Manifest DestinyAttempt to Spread Manifest Destiny CubaCuba: Pres. Polk considered offering $100 million for : Pres. Polk considered offering $100 million for

Cuba, but Cuba, but Cuba refusedCuba refused.. 2 attempts made (Southerners involved) to attack 2 attempts made (Southerners involved) to attack

and take Cuba: and take Cuba: failedfailed.. Why would Southerners want to take over Cuba?Why would Southerners want to take over Cuba? American ministers met secretly in Belgium to work to American ministers met secretly in Belgium to work to

acquire Cuba. Drew up the acquire Cuba. Drew up the Ostend ManifestoOstend Manifesto which which offered offered $120 million$120 million for Cuba. for Cuba.

Northerners found about the secret scheme so Pres Northerners found about the secret scheme so Pres Polk Polk dropped the schemedropped the scheme. .

Diplomacy with AsiaDiplomacy with Asia Pres Tyler sought to secure Pres Tyler sought to secure trade with Chinatrade with China. . 1844 Treaty of Wanghia1844 Treaty of Wanghia: : first formal diplomatic first formal diplomatic

agreementagreement between US and between US and ChinaChina for trading for trading terms/rights. terms/rights. ResultResult: opened opportunity for American : opened opportunity for American missionaries to China.missionaries to China.

Under Pres Fillmore, Commodore Matthew Perry Under Pres Fillmore, Commodore Matthew Perry negotiated negotiated treaty with Japantreaty with Japan..

1854 1854 Treaty of KanagawaTreaty of Kanagawa with Japan with Japan: provided : provided proper treatment of shipwrecked sailorsproper treatment of shipwrecked sailors, American , American coaling rightscoaling rights, establishment of , establishment of consular relationsconsular relations..

TMWKTMWK6. 6. Pg 405Pg 405 map and paragraphmap and paragraph: What was the : What was the

1853 Gadsden Purchase?1853 Gadsden Purchase?

7. 7. Pg 407Pg 407 What was the purpose for Congress to What was the purpose for Congress to pass the pass the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854??

Transcontinental Railroad:Transcontinental Railroad:Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase

Land transportation badly needed to Western part of Land transportation badly needed to Western part of US. US. SolutionSolution: build : build Transcontinental railroadTranscontinental railroad

Where should it be built – in North or South?Where should it be built – in North or South? James Gadsden:James Gadsden: a railroad man, negotiated a treaty a railroad man, negotiated a treaty

with Mexico.with Mexico.1853 Gadsden Purchase1853 Gadsden Purchase: Mexico ceded southern : Mexico ceded southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico to U.S. for parts of Arizona and New Mexico to U.S. for $10 $10 million.million.

Southern railroad easier to build than Northern one Southern railroad easier to build than Northern one because mts less high - route would pass through because mts less high - route would pass through organized territories that had federal troops to protect organized territories that had federal troops to protect from Indian tribes.from Indian tribes.

What was the 1853 Gadsden Purchase?What was the 1853 Gadsden Purchase?

How did the How did the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 DO DO AWAY with compromiseAWAY with compromise??

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Purpose of the law was Purpose of the law was to create two new territoriesto create two new territories

for an opportunity to build a for an opportunity to build a railroad linerailroad line.. Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas introduced the legislation to go introduced the legislation to go

against Gadsden Purchase.against Gadsden Purchase. Territory of Nebraska would be Territory of Nebraska would be split into split into twotwo territories territories: :

Nebraska and KansasNebraska and Kansas.. Slavery issue settled by Slavery issue settled by popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty.. Kansas most likely slave, Kansas most likely slave, Nebraska freeNebraska free ProblemProblem: : contradictedcontradicted Missouri Compromise of 1820Missouri Compromise of 1820

(which forbid slavery in the proposed Nebraska (which forbid slavery in the proposed Nebraska territory, territory, north of the 36’ 30 linenorth of the 36’ 30 line))

Missouri Compromise of 1820 was Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealedrepealed

Fallout from Kansas-Nebraska ActFallout from Kansas-Nebraska Act Southerners supportedSoutherners supported the Kansas Nebraska the Kansas Nebraska

Act and Act and Northerners resistedNortherners resisted.. Led to violence - “Led to violence - “Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas”.”. Destroyed CompromiseDestroyed Compromise of 1850. of 1850. Increased tension over Fugitive Slave Law.Increased tension over Fugitive Slave Law. Paved Paved way to Civil Warway to Civil War..

TMWKTMWK8. 8. DiscussDiscuss: Do you believe : Do you believe Stephen Stephen

DouglasDouglas was an instigator of war was an instigator of war because he because he introducedintroduced the the Kansas-Kansas-Nebraska ActNebraska Act? ? OROR was war was war inevitableinevitable even if the Kansas-Nebraska Act hadn’t even if the Kansas-Nebraska Act hadn’t been enacted? been enacted? Give Give evidenceevidence, , detailsdetails, , and and examplesexamples for your opinion. for your opinion.