Ch 43

The Body’s Defense

Three lines of Defense:

1. External defenses2. Internal (phagocytes, inflammation)

3. Specific defense: (lymphocytes)

1 & 2 are non-specific, innate3 is specific, acquired

Phagocytosis (WBC’s) non-specific

By Monocytes which turn into Macrophages (long-lived) and also

neutrophilsEosinophilsnatural killer cellsDendritic cells

Inflammatory Response: non-specific

Basophils and Mast cells release histamines

Other non-specific responses to infection:

Fever Antimicrobial proteinsInterferons: inhibit viral reproduction

Pathogen, antigen, epitope (antibody generator)Self vs. Non-self?Blood groups (A, B, AB, O antigens)

Lymphocytes: (mature in thymus or bone marrow)

Helper T cells: TH

Cytotoxic T cells: Tc (enzymes, cell mediated immunity)

Suppressor T cells: Ts

B cells (antibodies, humoral immunity)Memory B’sPlasma cells

What is specific immunity?

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7586835408270491809&q=immune+response&total=1621&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0

Overview video ://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8860381196434790126&q=antibody+immune+response&total=44&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=1

What is the second response like?

Immunological Memory:

Cell surface markers in T cell function

MHC (major histocompatibility complex)

“Self” Cell surface proteins, recognized by different T cellsPresent the antigen to the T cells, initiates helper T cell responses

Perforin,cell to cell attack

Cytokine (Interleukins) and Helper T cells

What is interleukin?

Cytotoxic T cells, perforin

What is an APC?Why does water rush in when a pore is created by perforin?

Effector B-cells Memory B-cellsEffector B-cells Memory B-cellsMake antibodiesMake antibodies

Antigen driven cloning of lymphocytes: Clonal selection

Mechanisms of Humoral immunity: ANTIBODIES

Antibody structure and functionIgsHIV / AIDSActive vs passive immunityVaccines(pgs. 852-861)

These are slides we did not use this year (2008)

lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen

Most cells of the body: Macrophages, B cells, nucleated activated T cells, thymus

CD4CD8

Kills the infected cell

Alerts B & T cells

Perforin,cell to cell attack