Ch 6, Sec 3: The War Moves West and South

Native Americans Fight In The War• Sided with British-seen as less of a threat than

the colonists• Fought on the Western edges of the colonies• Joseph Brant-Mohawk chief led raids in NY/PA• Henry Hamilton-fort leader in Detroit who

paid natives for the scalps of colonists

Who was George Rogers Clark?

• Lt. Colonel in the Virginia militia• Tasked with stopping native attacks on the

western boundaries• Attacked and captured British forts/towns in

Kaskaskia (IL) and Vincennes (IN)• Strengthened colonists power in the West

Glory at Sea• British navy shut down American waterways• British navy blockaded ports, rivers, and cities

along the coast• Supplies could not come in and ships could

not get out

American Navy-privateers• Americans did not have a navy• Some colonies had private boats for war• Continental Congress ordered 13 warships to

be built-only 2 actually sailed in the war• Privateers-privately owned merchant ships

equipped with weapons and allowed to attack/keep the profits off British Ships

John Paul Jones

• American naval officer• Sailed to and raided British ports• Was in a major sea battle between his ship,

Bonhomme Richard, and the British ship, Serapis

• Bonhomme Richard won• John Paul Jones’ quote “I have not yet begun

to fight” became famous

British strategy in the South

• Realized getting the colonies back under British control would be hard

• Wanted to attack the South• Use the loyalists in Georgia/Carolinas to help• Worked at first

Britain in the South

• Took over Savannah, GA and most of the state• May 1780-attacked/took over Charles Town,

SC– Worst defeat to the Americans

• August 1780-Camden, SC Gen. Cornwallis (Britain) vs. Gen. Gates (Americans)-Gates won and pushed the British out of SC

Guerrilla Warfare

• Uncommon military fighting style• Hit-and-run style of warfare• Britain was attacked by colonists• Francis Marion- known as the Swamp Fox in

SC who fought the British with guerrilla warfare

Help from Spain• Spanish Governor of Louisiana • Allowed colonists to trade in New Orleans• Loaned colonists money, guns, and ammo• Spain declared war on Britain in 1779• Got France, Cuba, and Mexico to help the colonists

Patriots start to win in 1780

• Pushed British out of Camden, SC• British troops/loyalists were attacked and

forced to leave Kings Mountain• Southerner loyalists started switching to

become patriots-wanted the war to end so their farms/homes would stop being destroyed

British Defeated In The South• Colonists grew stronger in the South• Pushed Britain out of both Carolinas• Gen. Cornwallis left for Virginia and set up a

base at Yorktown, VA• Stage is set for the end of the British army in

the South