ch. 9 motivation and emotion. motive: specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 9
Motivation and Emotion
![Page 2: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst,
or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:
Feeling, such as fear, joy, or surprise, that underlies behavior.
![Page 3: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Perspectives on Motivation A. Instincts - Inborn, goal-directed behavior B. Drive-Reduction Theory
Behavior motivated to reduce arousal C. Arousal Theory
Yerkes-Dodson Law The more complex the task, the lower the level
of arousal that can be tolerated without interfering with performance
Incentives - objects which motivate behavior
![Page 4: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
D. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic
Internal motivation (job satisfaction) Extrinsic
Motivated by reward or to avoid punishment
![Page 5: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. Hunger and Thirst A. Biological Factors
Hunger Regulated by two regions in hypothalamus Changes in glucose level signal need for food Receptors in stomach and a hormone released by
small intestine also signal brain Weight loss
Set Point Metabolism, intake, storage linked to defend
weight
![Page 6: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B. Cultural and Environmental Factors Responses to food are governed by learning and
social conditioning Culture also influences what we choose to eat and
how much Hunger Summary - Movie
![Page 7: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
C. Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa
Self starvation Bulimia
Binge then purge D. Thirst
Thirst parallels hunger in that both internal and external cues can trigger the thirst drive
![Page 8: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3. Sex A. Biological Factors
Testosterone Important in both men and women in early development
Pheromones Scents secreted which can promote sexual readiness
B. Cultural and Environmental Factors Human sexual motivation is much more dependent on
experience and learning than on biology Men-visual; women-emotional
![Page 9: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
C. Sexual orientation Direction of an individual’s sexual interest Heterosexual
Attracted to other gender Homosexual
Attracted to same gender Bisexual
Attracted to both genders
![Page 10: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
4. Other Motives A. Exploration and Curiosity B. Manipulation and Contact C. Aggression
Intent Aggression and Culture Gender and Aggression
![Page 11: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D. Achievement Achievement motive - excel
E. Affiliation Affiliation motive - need to be with others
F. A Hierarchy of Motives Bodily needs, safety, belonging, self-esteem, self-
actualization Motivation Movie
![Page 12: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Abraham Maslow suggested that the various motives—learned and unlearned, social and primary drives—can be arranged in a hierarchy
![Page 13: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
5. Emotions A. Basic Emotions
Plutchik 8 basic categories but may be just English speaking
B. Theories of Emotion James-Lange theory
Environmental stimuli bring on physiological changes that we interpret as emotions
Cannon-Bard theory Simultaneously processing emotions and bodily responses
Cognitive theory Environment gives us clues that help us interpret stimulus
![Page 14: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
According to the James-Lange theory, environmental stimuli bring on physiological changes in our bodies and emotions then arise from those physical changes. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the processing of emotions and bodily responses occurs simultaneously rather than one after the other. The cognitive theory of emotion holds that the situation that we are in when we are aroused—the overall environment—gives us clues that help us interpret this general state of arousal. According to recent research, facial expression may influence emotions apart from cognition.
![Page 15: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Robert Plutchik's classification system for emotions uses a "circle" to position eight basic categories of emotions that motivate various kinds of adaptive behavior. However, not all cultures view or categorize emotions this way; some do not even have a word for emotion. Others describe feelings by their physical sensations.
![Page 16: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
6. Communication of Emotion A. Voice Quality B. Facial Expression C. Body Language
The way we move communicates information D. Personal Space
Distance people maintain between themselves and others
E. Explicit Acts For example, slamming doors
![Page 17: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7. Gender, Culture and Emotion A. Gender and Emotion
Anger / men outward, women inward Women higher rate of depression
B. Culture and Emotion Culture and the facial expression of emotion Display rules
![Page 18: Ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion. Motive: Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior. Emotion:](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022072014/56649e735503460f94b73534/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The End