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Chapter 18 - Napoleon

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Not this Napoleon!

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Introducing Napoleon - Video

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Young NapoleonDominates battles in

France during theRevolutionary War.

Keeps France protected

from Austria/Prussiaand Great Britain

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Napoleon Bonapartedominated

European history from 1799 to

1815.

Napoleon took part in the coup

dtat that overthrew the

Directory.

In 1802, Napoleon made himselfconsul for life, and in 1804, he

crowned himself

Emperor Napoleon I.Napoleon Crossing the Great St. Bernard

By Jacque-Louis David

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History is a myth

that men agreeto believe.

-Napoleon

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Napoleons Domestic Policies

Did Napoleon preserve theideals of the French

Revolution, as he claimed, inhis domestic policies?

The Civil Code recognizedequality of all citizensbefore the law, and he did

open government careersto more people.

(So to that extent he didpreserve the revolutionary

ideals.)

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Napoleons Domestic Policies (cont.)

He also destroyed some revolutionary ideals:

Shut down 60 of Frances 73

newspapers

Government police read peoplesmail.

Did not treat women equally

Napoleons 1st wife Josephine Empress Marie-Louise andthe King of Rome, by Joseph

Franque, 1812.

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Anne-Louise-Germainede Stal

Daughter of French Director ofFinance Jacques Necker

Prominent writer of the time

period.

Napoleon banned her books

and exiled her.

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Napoleons Domestic Policies (cont.)

Once when de Stal asked Napoleonwho the greatest woman of historywas, he answered:

The one who had the most

children, said Napoleon

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Napoleon Plans for European Domination

The survival of Great Britain and

the force of nationalism are the twomain causes of the quick collapseof Napoleons empire.

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France vs. British

Napoleons massive Grand Army held huge

advantages when fighting on land.

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The Battle of Trafalgar: At sea it was a different story.

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Britain survived principally because of its sea power,

which made Britain virtually invulnerable.

Even so, Napoleon mounted a fleet for an invasion.

Britains defeat of a combined French-Spanish fleet at

Trafalgar (1805) ended Napoleons dream of invading the

island.

Th C ti t l S t

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The Continental System was intended to stop Britishgoods from reaching continental markets.

Allied states resented being told they could notbuy British goods, and this strategy failed aswell.

Also, due to new markets in Latin America and the Middle East, Britainsexports reached near-record highs by 18091810.

The Continental System

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Th F ll f N lTh F ll f N l

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The Fall of Napoleon Napoleons fall began with his invasion of Russia, which had

refused to remain in the Continental System.

In 1812, a Grand Army of over 600,000 men enteredRussia.

The Fall of Napoleon

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Napoleon Leading the Charge

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Napoleon Needed a Quickand Decisive Victory

Russians kept retreatingand would not fight

Burned their towns asthey would retreat to

deny the French anyfood, supplies or shelter

Bitter cold early winter

set in

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Battle of Borodinoduring the invasion of Russia

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W l b N l T i h h B i i h

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Was to celebrate Napoleons Triumph vs. the British

Its design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus;

The Arc de Triomphe is so colossal that an early

daredevil flew his plane through it.

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Bad News for

Napoleon inRussia

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Vid Milit Di t N l I d

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Video: Military Disaster Napoleon Invades

Russia

The Fall of Napoleon (cont )

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Other European nationsrose up to attack the

crippled French army.

Paris was captured in1814, and Napoleon

was exiled to the islandof Elba.

Louis XVIII, Louis XVIsbrother, restored the Bourbon

monarchy. The king had little support.

Napoleon escaped Elba.

The Fall of Napoleon (cont.)

The Fall of Napoleon (cont )

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Troops were sent tocapture him, but on

their meeting,Napoleon invitedanyone to kill him.

No one did, and instead the troops shouted, VivelEmpereur!(Long Live the Emperor).

Napoleon entered Paris in triumph on March 20, 1815.

The Fall of Napoleon (cont.)

The Fall of Napoleon (cont )

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At Waterloo inBelgium in 1815,Napoleon wasdefeated by acombined British and

Prussian army underthe Duke ofWellington.

The allies exiled himto St. Helena, a smallisland in the southAtlantic. Napoleons

power was ended.

The Fall of Napoleon (cont.)

Duke of Wellington

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Video: Exile and Return & Waterloo

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Video: Exile and Return & Waterloo

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Napoleons defeat in the Battle of Waterloo inJune 1815 is the basis for the phrase

to have ones waterloo, which means tosuffer the decisive defeat of ones life.