Ch. 22 High Renaissance Ch. 22 High Renaissance and Mannerismand Mannerism

Pg 614-660Pg 614-660

1515thth Century Century

Lead to developments in anatomy Lead to developments in anatomy and perspectiveand perspective

Da VinciDa Vinci RaphaelRaphael MichelangeloMichelangelo Titian Titian ALL IN ROMEALL IN ROME

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci

Note taker, sketches, Note taker, sketches, botany, geology, zoology, botany, geology, zoology,

military engineering, military engineering, science. science.

Light and opticsLight and optics Studied the human bodyStudied the human body

1481 went to Milan to work 1481 went to Milan to work for the duke.for the duke.

Da Vinci – Virgin of the Da Vinci – Virgin of the RocksRocks

Model with light and Model with light and shadowshadow

Pyramidal groupingPyramidal grouping Atmospheric settingAtmospheric setting Pray, point, blessPray, point, bless St. John the BaptistSt. John the Baptist Looked at Looked at

Masaccio’s artMasaccio’s art

Cartoons ,Balance, stately grace of their Cartoons ,Balance, stately grace of their

movements, like goddess of Parthenonmovements, like goddess of Parthenon

Last Supper- Fresco 1495Last Supper- Fresco 1495da Vincida Vinci

Christ- “one of you will betray me”Christ- “one of you will betray me” Christ IsolatedChrist Isolated Judas Judas Complex paintingComplex painting 4 Groups of 34 Groups of 3 Judas in shadow clutching moneyJudas in shadow clutching money

George de LucasGeorge de Lucas

Da Vinci – Mona LisaDa Vinci – Mona Lisa

Wife of a wealthy Wife of a wealthy FlorentineFlorentine

Engaging Engaging psychologicallypsychologically

Atmospheric Atmospheric perspective perspective

Sfumato (misty Sfumato (misty haziness)haziness)

Unknown Unknown landscapelandscape

Julius II : A Warrior- Pope quest Julius II : A Warrior- Pope quest for Authority 1506for Authority 1506

Old St. Peter’s a new Old St. Peter’s a new structure. structure.

Old building fellOld building fell Roughly square planRoughly square plan 9 Interlocking crosses9 Interlocking crosses 5 domes5 domes Bramante boasted he Bramante boasted he

would place the dome would place the dome of the Pantheon over of the Pantheon over the Basilica Novathe Basilica Nova

Important Imperial images on Important Imperial images on Roman coins-17Roman coins-17thth century it century it

was completed was completed

Bramante – Tempietto -Bramante – Tempietto -15021502

Little TempleLittle Temple Round templesRound temples Queen Isabella of Queen Isabella of

Spain Spain commissioned commissioned

Like a Greek Like a Greek Tholos( a small Tholos( a small shrine)shrine)

Michelangelo 1500Michelangelo 1500

Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to covey his messagecovey his message

Michelangelo created architecutre Michelangelo created architecutre and sculptureand sculpture

Massive forms and art to become Massive forms and art to become close to old Rome wasclose to old Rome was

David 1501David 1501

David hero of David hero of Florentine RepublicFlorentine Republic

Psychological insightPsychological insight Like Classical to Like Classical to

HellenisticHellenistic Before victoryBefore victory Emotionally connectedEmotionally connected

Michelangelo – Moses – Rome 1513- Horns, Michelangelo – Moses – Rome 1513- Horns, Id Moses, Turned head in concentration, Id Moses, Turned head in concentration,

Swelling veinsSwelling veins

Pope commissioned Pope commissioned Michelangelo to create his Michelangelo to create his tombtomb

Tablets of Law- Turned head , Tablets of Law- Turned head , concentrates frame and eyesconcentrates frame and eyes

Like Hellenistic artLike Hellenistic art

Sistine Chapel – Vatican City – 1473Sistine Chapel – Vatican City – 1473Inexperienced with fresco, Long NarrativeInexperienced with fresco, Long Narrative

Hebrew Prophets and pagan Hebrew Prophets and pagan sibyls who foretold Christsibyls who foretold Christ

Focus on figuresFocus on figures 300 figures in a ultimate grand 300 figures in a ultimate grand

drama of the human racedrama of the human race Old Testament scenesOld Testament scenes Painted with a sculptors eye for Painted with a sculptors eye for

how light and shadow would fall. how light and shadow would fall.

Creation of AdamCreation of AdamCommunication with Gods and humansCommunication with Gods and humansAdams original sin lead to Christ’s deathAdams original sin lead to Christ’s death

God reaches to AdamGod reaches to Adam

The cleaningThe cleaning

School of Athens – Raphael – 1509 for the School of Athens – Raphael – 1509 for the Papal Apts Papal Apts

The great philosophers come together – The great philosophers come together – Ancient WorldAncient World

Plato ( holds book) Aristotle – Central FiguresPlato ( holds book) Aristotle – Central Figures Vast perspective, moods, beliefs, close studyVast perspective, moods, beliefs, close study Summarization of all the beliefs of the Summarization of all the beliefs of the

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization Balanced, cultured, “congregation of great Balanced, cultured, “congregation of great

philosophers”philosophers”

Raphael – Marriage of the Raphael – Marriage of the Virgin - 1504Virgin - 1504

High Renaissance idealsHigh Renaissance ideals Background buildingBackground building Influenced by Michelangelo Influenced by Michelangelo

and Leonardoand Leonardo Joseph competed with other Joseph competed with other

suitors for Mary’s handsuitors for Mary’s hand Foreshortening & perspective Foreshortening & perspective

usedused

Perugino Perugino -1481

Raphael – Madonna in the Raphael – Madonna in the Meadow 1505Meadow 1505

Pyramidal comp.Pyramidal comp. Chiaroscuro similar Chiaroscuro similar

to da Vincito da Vinci Perugino’s light Perugino’s light

tonalities tonalities Sharp tonesSharp tones

Raphael – Galatea – 1513Raphael – Galatea – 1513

Pope Leo X ( son of Med. ) Pope Leo X ( son of Med. ) succeeded Julius II as Raphael’s succeeded Julius II as Raphael’s patronpatron

Runs from Cyclops Polyphemus Runs from Cyclops Polyphemus on a shell and dolphinson a shell and dolphins

ForeshorteningForeshortening MotionMotion Like who? Like who? Pagan myths popularPagan myths popular

Michelangelo - Tomb of Giuliano de Medici Michelangelo - Tomb of Giuliano de Medici 15191519

Works for Medici PopesWorks for Medici Popes Funerary ChapelFunerary Chapel River godsRiver gods Neo-Platonism – Plato’s Neo-Platonism – Plato’s

ideals- spiritualistic ideals- spiritualistic philosophyphilosophy

Lowest levels of the gods Lowest levels of the gods the lowest in lifethe lowest in life

Dawn and Day ( male)Dawn and Day ( male) Contortion Contortion ThicknessThickness Cared more about formCared more about form

Papacy of Pope Paul IIIPapacy of Pope Paul III

Lived nicely! Lots of personal Lived nicely! Lots of personal commissionscommissions

Orchestrated campaign to restore Orchestrated campaign to restore the Catholic church in the wake of the Catholic church in the wake of Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

Antonio da Sagallo – Palazzo Antonio da Sagallo – Palazzo Farnesa Farnesa (favorite architect of the Pope)(favorite architect of the Pope)

Michelangelo – Michelangelo – Last Judgment 1534Last Judgment 1534

Christ judges the worldChrist judges the world Arm held up by Jesus= damnationArm held up by Jesus= damnation Choirs of Heaven Choirs of Heaven Dead awake fleshy – demons – Dead awake fleshy – demons –

gargoyle masks, torment the gargoyle masks, torment the damneddamned

Fate to sinnersFate to sinners

Capitoline Hill-1537Capitoline Hill-1537

Achieve balance Achieve balance and symmetry in and symmetry in designdesign

New buildingNew building Oval baseOval base

Michelangelo 1540Michelangelo 1540

Last project with Last project with PopePope

No payNo pay Preserve Preserve

Bramante’s planBramante’s plan Reduced central Reduced central

crosses ( Greek crosses ( Greek cross)cross)

Front PorticoFront Portico

Venetian Art -1500sVenetian Art -1500s

Fortune decline in 16Fortune decline in 16thth century century Soft colored LightSoft colored Light Bellini ( trained in International Bellini ( trained in International

Style)Style) Nymphs/gods/ Lush Tones/ Pleasure Nymphs/gods/ Lush Tones/ Pleasure Venetian painting were about colorVenetian painting were about color Rome and Florence = SculptureRome and Florence = Sculpture

Bellini and Titan - 1529Bellini and Titan - 1529The Feast of the Gods

Giorgione – The Tempest - Giorgione – The Tempest - 15101510

Stormy skies Stormy skies LightingLighting Young woman Young woman

nursing babynursing baby No NarrativeNo Narrative Tints of red, black, Tints of red, black,

highlightshighlights

Assumption of Assumption of the Virgin – Titan the Virgin – Titan 15161516

Golden cloudsGolden clouds Large scale Large scale

altarpiecealtarpiece DramaticDramatic

Pesaro Family – Pesaro Family – TitanTitan – 1519 – 1519

Trained by Bellini Trained by Bellini and Giorgioneand Giorgione

Madonna and a Saint Madonna and a Saint honoring honoring achievements to men achievements to men in this worldin this world

Titian – Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne -Titian – Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne -15221522

- arrives to save - arrives to save Ariadne whom Ariadne whom Theseus had Theseus had abandoned on a abandoned on a IslandIsland

Titan – rich and Titan – rich and luminous colorsluminous colors

Titian – Venus of Urbino – Titian – Venus of Urbino – 15381538

Female nude – private, based on a Giorgone, compositional Female nude – private, based on a Giorgone, compositional elements of a reclining nude, servants, red tones, pale neutral elements of a reclining nude, servants, red tones, pale neutral

whites, whites,

Correggio –Assumption of the Virgin -1526Correggio –Assumption of the Virgin -1526

MannerismMannerism-Elegant style, cultured, -Elegant style, cultured, not natural and idea of a not natural and idea of a

scene,scene, unusual, sophisticated unusual, sophisticated

Pontormo – Pontormo – Descent from the Descent from the Cross -1525Cross -1525

Virgin falls back, Virgin falls back, hands hands accentuated, accentuated, bendsbends

Parmigianino Parmigianino – – Madonna with Madonna with the Long Neck – the Long Neck – 15351535

Influenced by Influenced by Raphael Raphael

Elongation of the Elongation of the frameframe

ElegantElegant

Tintoretto –The Last Supper 1594

Bronzino – Portrait of a young Bronzino – Portrait of a young man man

Graceful handsGraceful hands ProudProud Muted backgroundMuted background

Anguissola – portrait of the Artist’s sisters and Brother

1555

Giovanni – Abuduction of the Sabine Women

Veronese – Christ in the House of Levi 1573

Villa Rotonda – Palladio 1566

Palladio -San Giorgio Maggiore 1565