Challengesin

Biological Oceanography

Arzhang Khalili

Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology

Bremen, Germany

Oceans : Source of Inspirations

Drop of Ocean Water : 2000 – 20000

Microorganisms Emodnet (Sediment)

Naval Office of Oceanography (Sediment)

NASA (Primary Production, average 2014-2015)

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial(1982)

Mussel

Surgical Glue Shuts Down Bleeding Wounds in 60 Seconds

Seapocks

Bio-glue from Seapocks

Light Producing Organisms

New LED Technology

Chironomus PlumosusLarva

Inspiring Micro Pumps

Chironomus PlumosusLarva

Morad et al. Aquat Ecol (2010)

SimulationPumping Rate: 106 m3/2.5 days

Marine Sponge

Bone Tissue from Marine Sponge

Coral Reefs

Coral Reefs

Tropical Rainforests of the Ocean

Coral Reefs

• Antifouling and “Agrochemicals”

• New Biomaterials

• New Pharmaceutical Products

Mangroves

Mangroves

• New Biologically Active Compounds

• New Therapeutic Agents

Seagrass

Seagrass

Important Carbon Sinks & N2 Fixer in Coastal Systems

Persian Gulf Meets All Challenges

∆𝑇 ≈ 22° C Depth ≈ 100 𝑚

Salinity ≈ 37 − 40 𝑝𝑝𝑚

Uniqueness of Persian Gulf

German-IranianCollaboration

DFG – INSF

BMBF – MSRT

A DFG-INSF funded Workshop

New Proposal to BMBF

German – Iranian Working Groups

AWI BremerhavenMaarten BoersmaClaudio Richter

GEOMAR, KielMartin Wahl

ICBM OldenburgUlrike FeudelPeter Schupp

IGB, BerlinHans-Peter Grossart

MPI & JUB BremenArzhang KhaliliNasrollah Moradi

ZMT BremenTim Jennerjahn,Andreas Kunzmann

Uni Rostock,Maximilian Berthold

Marum BremenChristiane Schmidt

Uni BremenAlexander Petrovic

IOW, WarnemundeMarvin Lorenz

German Scientists

Leila Abdoli, Lecturer, Department of Fischeries Science (Marine),

Hormuzgan University, Bandar-e Abbas

Mohammad S. Alavi-Yeganeh, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine

Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran

Gilan Attaran-Fariman, Associate Professor, Department of Marine

Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University,

Chabahar

Amir Ghazilou, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and

Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran

Keivan Kabiri, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Remote

Sensing, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric

Science (INIOAS), Tehran

Saber Khodabandeh, Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University,

Noor

Abdolvahab Maghsoudlou, Assistant Professor, Head of Marine

Bioscience Department, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and

Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran

Iranian Scientists

Masoumeh Malek, Associate Professor in Marine Zoology, Deputy Dean of

College of Science, University of Tehran

Sanaz Moghaddam, Marine Biology Department, Shahid Beheshti University,

Tehran

Fatemeh Mohammadipanah, Assistant Professor, Microbial Technology and

Products (MTP) Research Center, Department of Microbiology, University of

Tehran, Tehran

Masoud Moradi, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Remote Sensing

Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS),

Tehran

Reza Naderloo, Assistant Professor, School of Biology and Center of

Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of

Tehran, Tehran

Ali Nasrolahi, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of

Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

Mahshid Oladi, Marine Biology Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

Payam Parsizadeh, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)

Hassan Rahimian, Associate Professor in Marine Zoology, Faculty of Science,

University of Tehran,Tehran

Iranian Scientists

Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine

Biology, Hormuzgan University, Bandar-e Abbas

Alireza Sari, Professor of Systematic Zoology, Zoological Museum and Centre

of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biological

Sciences, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran

Ahmad Savari, Professor, Marine Biology Department, Khorramshahr

University of Marine Science and Technology

Jafar Seyfabadi, Assistant Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor

Saloomeh Shoaei, Microbiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University,

Tehran

Mohammad Reza Shokri, Assistant Professor, Marine Biology Department,

Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

Mohammad Ali Zahed, Assistant Professor, Biology Department, Kharazmi

University, Tehran

Nosratollah Zargham, PhD, President, Iran National Science Foundation

(INSF)

Nasser Hadjizadeh Zaker Dr., Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and

Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran

Iranian Scientists

Special Equipment

Lander

Exploring Deep Sea

Mobile Free Floating off-Shore Mesocosm

Geomar, Kiel, Germany

Nanometer-Scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer

(NanoSIMS)

Max Planck Institute , Bremen, Germany

lateral distribution of any element and its isotopes on a single cell surface

What to do now?

Let’s Start !

Thank You!

Marine Aggregates

Size/Shape of Marine Aggregate

~ μm ~ mm ~ cm

Grossart (2004) Ploug (2000) Lampitt (2000)

What are Marine Aggregates?

- dead / dying animals- fecal material- other inorganic dust- plants (plankton)- protists- sand - soot- TEP

Role of Marine Aggregates

Chisholm (2000)

Across Scales and Disciplines

μm

mm

m

km

- Coagulation & microbial cell-cell interaction

- Modification of aggregation & disaggregation

- Processes controlling OM turnover

- Aggregate flux in the field-scale

- Global effects

nm

Global Carbon Circulation Model HAMOCC

Density difference between 100 m and 0 m

An Aggregate Model

Velocity Field

Re = 0.1 Re = 10

Moradi et al. (in Prep.)

Concentration Field

Pure Diffusion Re = 0.1 Re = 10

Moradi et al. (in Prep.)

Correct Estimation of Total Flux

Ploug et al. (1999) Moradi et al. (in Prep.)

Sinking in Sudden Stratification

Kindler et al. (2012)

Diffusion Limited Retention

Sinking in Linear Stratification

Kindler et al. (in Prep.)

Governing Equations

Drag Enhancement!

Light liquid is entrained and strives upwards dragging the aggregate

Aggregate in Linear Stratification

Coral Reefs

Schupp et al. (2002)

Natural Products Discovery

Seagrass

Maximum N2 Fixation at the Rhizomes

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics

• Bringing Together

- Organism Diversity

- Abundance Data

- Functional Data

- Environmental Data

• Developing Components/Standards

for the Dynamic Integration of Knowledge

Coral Reefs Extreme high biodiversity!

Organisms are competing for limited

resources

Potential for discovery of new

pharmacologically active compounds