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HistoricStructuresRepo

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Historic Structures Report: Eternal Father of the

Sea Chapel


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Table of Contents

Introduction ..3

History and development of the PropertyNavy Yard Timeline..4History of the North Charleston Navy Yard ...6History of the Chapel8Building chronology/ alterations list...........10

Architectural description/evaluationGeneral.12

Analysis of Character defining features..13Analysis of historic integrity.20

Assessment of Existing ConditionsExterior.25Interior..29

Maintenance RequirementsPrioritized maintenance issues.42Mothballing checklist..43Maintenance schedule.44Recordation of Maintenance45

AppendixWorks Cited..46


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IntroductionThe first portion of this report is an historic structures analysis of the Eternal Father of the Sea Chapel. The following

pages explores the history and context of the building, identifies important architectural elements and character

defining features worthy of preservation, and provides information on the current condition of the Chapel building.

Analysis of the Chapels integrity was organized using the National Park Services National Register BulletinGuidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aids to Navigation to the National Register of Historic Places.

Our findings confirm that stabilization of the buildings weather envelope and restoration of the exterior siding are

critical to the preservation of the structure. Termite damage, water infiltration, and foundation settlement are some

of the major threats to the building that must be addressed before any adaptive use project is undertaken.

While the Chapel is in need of significant repairs, the building has retained a substantial amount of its character

defining features and overall integrity. The following Historic Structures Report provides a detailed analysis of the

Eternal Father of the Sea Chapels history, current physical conditions, and historic integrity. A recommended

maintenance schedule is included with the report, in the interest of preserving the Chapel site, and ensuring its future

use as a viable part of the North Charleston community.


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History and Development of the PropertyTimeline

1706 Colonel William Rhett raises a navy in defense of the city against French vessels during Queen Annes War.

1775 1783 American Revolution South Carolina Navy established to protect Charleston.

1861 1865 Civil War South Carolina Navy called up as part of the Confederate Navy, participated in severalbattles and fought in Charleston Harbor.

1900 An act of congress allows Secretary of the Navy to relocate Port Royal Naval Station to 2,250 acres of thewest bank of the Cooper River.

1902 First officer assigned to Naval Base overseeing construction of buildings and dry dock.

1909 1910 Red brick buildings, main power plant, dry docks, and first ship constructed on the Naval Base.

Early 1900s The building boom continues on the Naval Base with new buildings and ships.

1914 1918 World War I Naval Training Center established. The Sixth Naval District recognized as a separateentity in 1916.

November, 1918 Naval Base employment reaches 6,500.

1922- 1933 As a result of the Great Depression, there is a significant decline in the amount of work coming into theharbor and reduction of workforce. Work at the Naval Base consists largely of shipping repairs andalterations.

1933 Naval Base receives an assignment of new construction and an increase in shipbuilding activity.

1930s Great Depression WPA and PWA programs spur activity at Naval Base and provide jobs for unemployedCharlestonians.

Late 1930s Large numbers of civilian employees on Naval Base make it the largest single employer in the history ofSouth Carolina.

1940s Employees work around the clock to construct over 200 ships and repair or convert hundreds of others.

December 5, 1941 Naval Base complex expands to include the Charleston Naval Ammunition Depot.

1941 Naval Base surpasses tourism as Charlestons largest industry.

1942 Eternal Father of the Sea Chapel built.

1943 Civilian employment reaches 26,000 and Base acquires new land areas known as South Yard, Naval AirStation, and the Noisette Creek Area.

1944 First major alterations are made to the Navy Chapel including the North addition (robing rooms).


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1945 End of WWII Decline in activity at the Naval Base.

1950s The Naval Shipyard becomes facility for overhaul of submarines and an outfitter for new ships constructedfor the Navy in private shipyards.

1959 Naval Base begins construction on piers for new mine warships and barracks. Charleston is established as a

major port for the U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

1960s Facilities developed to perform repairs and service to nuclear powered submarines.

1979 Second major alterations are made to the Navy Chapel including HVAC changes, Blessed Sacrament Chapel,Apse, and Exterior alterations.

1982 New reserve frigate program begins.

1983 Shipyard receives the Chief of Naval Material Productivity Excellence Award for improved production andquality of work.

1995 Naval Base closes.

2001 Noisette Company announces a 20-25 year Master Plan for the redevelopment of the Naval Base.

2003/2004 The filmThe Notebook uses the Navy Chapel for several scenes and makes alterations including southeast

wall wainscoting, refinished flooring, and new paint on the walls.

2006 Lindberg and Associates alterations are made to the Navy Chapel including the replacement of three nave

trusses with holes cut in the north and south walls for access. Nave windows are inspected and restored,

including replacement of wood where necessary, and new window hardware.

2006 Discussions begin regarding the establishment of the Clemson University Restoration Institute ResearchCampus in North Charleston.

2008 First phase of the Clemson University Restoration Institute (CURI) North Charleston Research Park and the

development of a master plan.


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History of the Charleston Navy YardCharleston has been wedded to the sea since the arrival of the first Carolina colonists in 1670.1 The townstarted out as a humble settlement located on a peninsula bordered by the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Soon,the colony began earning revenue by exporting local goods. By the eighteenth century, Charleston hadbecome one of Americas most important seaports. Major exports such as rice, indigo, furs and other

commodities were shipped to foreign locations including England, Holland, Germany, Portugal, and theCaribbean.2 The colony grew into a wealthy yet diverse city-state inhabited by planters, merchants,commoners, and slaves. However, since it was located so far way from Englands protection, the colonydeveloped its own provincial navy to be raised by the Royal Governor in times of trouble. This sparked along tradition of naval occupation and influence in Charleston.

In 1900, an act of congress allowed the Secretary of the Navy to relocate the Port Royal Naval Station froman area near Beaufort, South Carolina to the west bank of the Cooper River six miles north of the CustomsHouse in the city of Charleston. Red brick buildings, the main power plant, dry docks, and the first shipwere all constructed on the Naval Base during the period between 1909 and 1910.3

During the years preceding World War I, the Naval Base employed approximately eight hundred civilianswho helped construct both buildings and ships. World War I led to the establishment of a Naval TrainingCenter and an expansion of facilities, land area, and the work forces of the Navy Yard, with employmentreaching 6,500 personnel in November 1918. However, the end of the war and the depression of the 1930scaused a significant decline in the amount of work coming into the harbor and reduced the work force to fivehundred workers, leaving the future of the Naval Base unclear.4

From 1922 to 1933, work at the Naval Base consisted primarily of shipping repairs and minor alterations. In1933, a drastic increase in shipbuilding activity brought new construction projects which created a need formore facilities and a significantly larger work force. 5 These workers would play a large role in helpingsupporting the nations shipbuilding and repair needs. Civilian employment peaked at almost 26,000workers in 1943, and the Naval Base acquired new land areas known as South Yard, Naval Air Station,and the Noisette Creek Area. 6 On November 5, 1941, the Naval Base complex expanded to include the

Charleston Naval Ammunition Depot which was located on the west bank of the Cooper River abouttwenty miles from downtown Charleston. That same year, the Naval Base surpassed tourism asCharlestons largest industry.7

This activity was spurred by several New Deal programs under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)and Public Works Administration (PWA) that provided jobs to many Charlestonians who were unemployeddue to the Great Depression. The Naval Bases large number of civilian employees made it the largest

1Jim McNeil, Charlestons Navy Yard: A Picture History, (CokerCraft Press: Charleston, S.C., 1985), 1.

2 Kenneth Morgan, "The Organization of the Colonial American Rice Trade," The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol.52, No. 3 (July 1995), 435.3 Donna L. Kaup, Dining in Quarters A: Charleston Naval Base, Charleston, South Carolina (Charleston, SC: Gateway Publications,Inc.), 7, From the Naval Base: 1949 vertical file, South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.4 Kaup, Dining in Quarters A, 7.5 Clyde Johnson, Yard Site bought in 1901, The News and Courier/Charleston Evening Post, May 15-19, 1972, From the NavalBase: 1970-1972 vertical file accessed at the South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.6 Kaup, Dining in Quarters A, 8.7 W. Hugh Harky Jr., Greetings from Charleston: A Pictorial Postcard History of Charleston, South Carolina (Asheboro, NC: Down HomePress, 1994).


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single employer in the history of South Carolina. During the 1940s, employees worked around the clock toconstruct over two hundred ships and repair or convert hundreds of others.8

The new activity brought during the World War II era affected the buildings within its boundaries as well asthe greater Charleston area. Almost 200 buildings survive from this period.9 The Eternal Father of the SeaChapel, built in 1942, is one of these buildings that not only served as a house of worship and a host for

weddings, but also accommodated military and civilian needs within the community.

Despite the industrial and employment boom during World War II, activity at the Naval Base began todecline drastically by the end of the war. However, all work did not cease. According to Donna Kaup,During the 1950s, the Naval Shipyard became the major overhaul facility on the East Coast for submarines,as well as the outfitter for new ships constructed for the Navy in private shipyards in the district.10 In 1959,the Naval Base began construction on piers for new mine warships and barracks for personnel which helpedestablish the city of Charleston as a major port for the U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

In the 1960s, the shipyard moved toward a nuclear age along with the rest of the world by developingfacilities to perform repairs and service to nuclear powered submarines. The Charleston Naval Shipyard wasunique because it had all-inclusive support base for nuclear submarines.11

Activity at the Naval Base has been relatively quiet in the last few decades of the twentieth century despitethe fact that it was one of the three major naval bases on the east coast. In an effort to modernize the reservecombat forces, the Naval Base began a new reserve frigate program in 1982.12 That following year, theShipyard received the Chief of Naval Material Productivity Excellence Award for improved productivityand quality of work.13

In 1989, at the height of the navys presence in Charleston, there were over eighty ships home-ported at theCharleston Naval Base. The base also had a submarine tender located on-site, making it an ideal place forsubmarines in the Atlantic fleet to refuel and be repaired. At this time, the base was employing 15,000 navypersonnel and over 21,000 civilians, making it the largest employer of civilians in the Charleston area. Butin the following years, the navy began to reconsider the value of the Charleston Naval Base.

By 1990, the navy appeared to have outgrown its base in Charleston, saying that it was at excess capacity.The navy also said that the base in Charleston was not an ideal location for repair and refueling because thenearby bridge was too low for aircraft carriers to pass underneath it. It was during this period that the navydecided to spend less money on their bases and focus available funds on building ships. The base began tofall into disrepair and was closed in 1995, but it did not sit empty for long.

Not long after the base closed, a redevelopment commission was started by the state to reuse the base andencourage jobs in the area. The redevelopment commission partnered with the city of North Charleston to

8 Ian Hill and Tracy Power, Preservation and the Charleston Naval Base, Preservation News & Notes 5, no. 3 (Autumn 1994): 2,

From the Naval Base: 1990-1999 vertical file, South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.9 R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc., Inventory, Evaluation, and Nomination of Military Installations: Naval BaseCharleston, Final Report, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District, p. 58, April 19, 1995.10 Kaup, Dining in Quarters A, 10.11 Charles T. Seabrook, Congress Authorized Navy Yard in 1900, News & Courier/Charleston Evening Post, March 31, 1970, page12D, From the Naval Base: 1970s vertical file, South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston SC.12 Jane E. Allen, Frigate Program Coming Here, The Post and Courier, October 4, 1982, page 1B, From the Naval Base: 1980-1989 vertical file accessed at the South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.13 Charleston Naval Shipyard Best in the Nation, Charleston Evening Post, January 1, 1984, From the Naval Base: 1980-1989vertical file, South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.


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buy the northern 1/5 of the Navy Base to make it into a city center. The plot of land that the commissionpurchased was an ideal location for downtown shopping as it was centrally located and within walkingdistance for nearby neighborhoods.

In March of 2001, the Noisette Company announced a 20-25 year Master Plan for the redevelopment of theNaval Base that was centered around the concept of sustainability. Noisettes planned called for a mixed use

approach, combining both commercial and residential spaces while at the same time reusing the existingstructures as much possible from the former Naval Base. A range of revitalization projects that include therezoning of residential areas to business and commercial are currently being planned in and around the NavyBase to encourage economic development.14

History of the ChapelThe Eternal Father of the Sea Chapel served as house of worship from its construction in 1942 closure of theNavy Yard in 1995. The rapid growth experienced by the base after US entrance into WWII may have beena factor in the construction of the Chapel, as increased numbers of personnel would have increased demandfor religious facilities. Prior to construction of the chapel, services were held in a small school on the base,inadequate for the increasing numbers of people on the base or the diverse religions represented by the

bases population.15 The Chapel held Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish services on the weekends, and servedas the main venue for weddings in the navy. The large number of servicemen being deployed because of theactive war likely caused an increase in marriages on the base, making the Chapel a vital part of life. Thebuilding was also used for candlelight services held the night before a ship left for sea and for ThanksgivingServices held when a ship returned.16

At the time of construction, masons placed a time capsule into the first corner stone of the chapel. The boxincluded a Holy Bible, Prayer Book for Soldiers and Sailors published by the Army and Navy Commission,Protestant Church, New York 1941, Army - Navy Service Book, Service Prayer Book, and theArmy-Navy Hymnal.There were also 41 American pennies and 4 dimes. This box was opened at the last service in 1995. Thebooks showed evidence of water damage likely caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989.17

The chapel continued to offer services until the 1990s. It then experienced a period of decline thatcoincided with the decline of the Naval Base. In 1994, the last Rabbi that served the site was transferred toanother post. In the spring of 1995, the last Catholic chaplain was transferred as well. A protestant chaplainremained until September 3rd 1995 to conduct the last service.18 Based on documents found in the chapel, anew congregation used the space beginning in September of 1998. The God's True Deliverance Church heldservices at the site under Pastor Robert Grant and Sister Nadine Grant until at least September 26th, 2004.

After the Naval Base closed, the North Charleston Arts Festival began to use the property as a performancespace. As late as May 7th 2005, the festival was held on the base. The chapel housed a theater productioncalled The Meeting, which was based on a fictional meeting between Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. andMalcolm X. Set prior to Malcolm X's assassination in 1965, it explores their different philosophies and

14 Jim Augustin, Director of Community Revitalization, Sustainability, Noisette Company, Interview, January 27, 2009.15 Gail A. and James R. Piedmont. A Small Church Called Saint John Catholic Church located in North Charleston, S.C.,http://www.saintjohncatholicsc.org/parish/history.htm.16 Ruth Cupp, Final Farewell, Post and Courier, Oct 9 1995.17 Ruth Cupp, Corner Stone Opened at Chapels Last Service, Post and Courier, Sept 6 1995.18 Ruth Cupp, Final Farewell, Post and Courier, Oct 9th 1995.


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approaches to the Civil Rights Movement, Gullah Experience, and Gospel Extravaganza.19 In 2003, scenesfrom the motion picture, The Notebook, were filmed at the site. 20

An interesting and somewhat cryptic feature of the chapel is the large art piece now located in the BlessedSacrament Chapel off the south side of the apse. This piece was made in the early 1960s by FatherRodriguez of St. Johns Catholic Church and subsequently moved to the Navy Chapel. 21

19 Carolina Arts, The 2005 North Charleston Arts FestivalTakes Place in North Charleston, SC, from Apr. 29 - May 7, 2005,April 2005 Issue, http://www.carolinaarts.com/405nchas.html.20 Nick Cassavetes, Director ofThe Notebook (motion picture) New Line Cinemas, June 2004, Email Interview, January 28 & 31,2009.21 Joe McIntyre, Member of St. Johns Catholic Church who helped move piece of art to the Eternal Father of the Sea, Interview,March 2009.


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Chronology of building alterations

1942 Original Construction Naval Archives: Photos/Architectural Drawings

1944 First major alterations Naval Archives: Architectural DrawingsNorth addition (robing rooms)Altarpiece changed, molding altered to accommodate larger pieceOriginal windows movedFan room added in vestibule (attic)

1949 Naval Archives: Architectural DrawingsOrgan speakers moved from altar to second floor/ceiling above apse

1979 Second major alterations Naval Archives: Architectural DrawingsHVAC changes

Radiators removedAC units installed/replaced

Blessed Sacrament Chapel alterationsLighting fixtures and electrical wiringAcoustic tile/drop ceilingAltar relocatedWood paneling added on wallsTabernacle shelves replaced

Apse alterationsAltar moved from against wall and extendedAltar stairs extended1944 altarpiece and artwork removed, replaced with wood cross, hanging curtainsMolding and wood veneer replaced (covering evidence of previous altar art)Altar rail (between choir and sanctuary) removedNew door installed between altar/sacristy

ExteriorAccessibility ramp addedRe-painted siding (per drawings, colors to match original)Sign re-painted (West elevation)Wood trim stripped and re-painted

Decayed exterior wood trim replacedGutters and downspouts replaced

SacristyRe-design of shelves and molding on south elevationPartition walls alteredAccordion door installed

Re-wiring of electrical systemsConfessional booths in southeast corner of nave removedPaint removed from interior window frames, jambs, and sills


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2003/4 The Notebook filmed Movie footage, Location scout interview, physical evidenceSoutheast wall wainscotingPaintTicket Booth in southwest corner of nave

2006 Lindberg and Associates alterations City of North Chas. Public Works Dept drawingsNave windows inspected and restored

Replaced wood where necessaryNew window hardware

Three nave trusses replaced (holes cut in south wall for access)South wall wainscoting replaced (?)Foundation reinforcement

West wall of chapel, including window, replaced

Dates to be determined/Further research necessary:

Date of original Eternal Father sign (not on original drawings or photos)Interior wall fans (mentioned on original drawings) Were they ever installed? When removed?Asbestos siding removed (post 1979) (post Hugo)


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Architectural Description and EvaluationGeneral DescriptionBuilt in 1942, The Eternal Father of the Sea Navy Chapel is a gable roofed building that possesses a number

of neoclassical details. Symmetry is present throughout the buildings details and is a defining characteristic

of its overall design. The main facade which faces west includes a portico with a parapet that is tiered to

accommodate a cross. Unfortunately, the cross was removed from the parapet, most likely when the church

was closed in 1995. Four square columns support the parapet and frame the three double door entrances

that lead into the vestibule. The building is finished with white clapboard siding with five 16 over 16

windows running along both the north and south walls of the nave. Two wings flank the apse which

protrudes from the east wall. An addition was added to the north wing in 1944 which slightly altered the

symmetry of the building. Pilasters accent the four corners of the building creating cohesive detailing

throughout the exterior of the building.

Upon entrance through the western faade, there is a vestibule approximately 20 feet-8 inches wide by 8

feet-7 inches long which possesses original moldings and light fixtures. Three interior doorways, which

mirror the three exterior doorways in the western faade, lead from the vestibule into the nave. The nave is

35 feet wide by 65 feet-3 inches long. It is an open space with a small room in the northwest corner that

was added for the filming ofThe Notebook (2004). The 16 over 16 windows mentioned above run the length

of the room on the north and south walls and are interspersed with the vertical support beams for four

trusses. The exposed trusses are painted white and feature braces running from the north and south walls to

the bottom beam of each truss. Each of the four trusses supports two hexagonal light fixtures. The nave has

a wood floor and is separated from the apse by an archway with detailed pilasters.

The apse, located at the east end of the nave is elevated by three steps, a small landing, and another two

steps, with an additional three steps up to the altar space against the east wall. The ceiling over the apse is

arched and the back wall is curved. Four sets of chandelier lights hang from the apse ceiling. A second

decorative arch spans the area between the second two sets of steps. It consists of a double set of pilasters on

each side of the altar space, connected across the ceiling by a coffered molding. Two doors on the first level

of the altar area lead to the side wings on the north and south sides of the apse.

The north wing of the building, including the 1944 addition, is a secondary space, consisting of two

rectangular rooms with very little details in molding or fixture. A narrow staircase on the eastern end of the

first room leads to a small upstairs area. This space was once used as chaplains office but was later divided

into two rooms with speakers in the western most room. The south wing had once been a smaller chapel,

but was altered during the 1979 renovations. The addition of a drop ceiling and HVAC equipment has

converted this wing into a secondary space.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Analysis of Historic IntegrityThe integrity of the Eternal Father of the Sea Chapel on the North Charleston Naval Base has beendetermined to be moderately high, based on the seven criteria determined by the National ParkService. The Chapel has varying degrees of integrity in each category and in different areas of thebuilding. The exterior of the building, which has suffered the most damage from the elements,neglect, and human intervention, appears to have less integrity of materials and workmanship thanother areas of the building. The 1979 building alterations changed several aspects that had been inplace during the Chapels main period of historic significance. Much of these alterations arereversible and sensitive treatment during repairs to the exterior could result in an increase inintegrity.

Location:

The Eternal Father of the Sea has not been moved from its original location on the NorthCharleston Naval Base. The retention of its original site affords the chapel a high level of integrityin consideration of this criterion.

Setting:

The immediate physical setting of surrounding buildings and lots is similar to that of 1942 with theexception of the school located to the east of the property. However, the social setting has changedconsiderably due to the fact that the Naval Base is not longer active and the building is no longerused for its intended purpose as a chapel.

Design:

The overall design of the Chapel has remained intact since its construction in 1942. The originalsymmetry of the building was slightly disturbed by an addition on the north elevation in 1944.Exterior elements that define the building, such as the portico, parapet, transoms, nave windows,

and the shape of the apse have retained their design integrity, and therefore contribute to thebuildings overall merit as a historic structure.

Many of the character defining features can be found within the portico which was designed byAlbert Simmons in the neoclassical style of architecture. This style makes the Navy Chapel one ofthe last examples of classical architecture built on the Navy Base before the shift to modernism inthe 1950s. The columns, cornice, frieze, and parapet all illustrate the neoclassical design.

The large nave windows lining the north and south elevations are representative of religiousarchitecture. These windows are significant to the design of the chapel both externally andinternally. Fortunately the size and shape of the windows have remained the same throughoutmany alterations to the building. There is evidence from historic photos that the glass in these

windows has been replaced, the original being clear, un-textured glass.

The interior layout of the building is mostly intact. The vestibule that separates the entrance to thechapel on the east elevation to the nave retains two of the three doorways from the original design.The northern most door way was altered for the filming ofThe Notebook (2004). The door way wasconverted into a ticket window and was enclosed by a room constructed in the northwest corner ofthe nave. A confessional booth was also removed from the southwestern corner of the nave at thistime.


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The addition of the room in the northwest corner of the nave impacted the integrity of design.Aside from this room, which can be removed, the overall layout of the nave remains intact. Theglass windows lining the north and south walls have retained their original size and shape, and thealternating layout of the windows and trusses has remained the same.

The apse retains its overall dimensions, scale, and proportions, including ceiling heights, elevations

of the space in relationship to the nave, and patterns of window and door openings. There is someevidence that the original windows along the east wall were each moved approximately three feetin 1944, to accommodate a new altarpiece. This change took place within the period ofsignificance and shortly after completion of the Chapel, minimizing its detraction from the integrityof the building. Some minor re-organization of space and ornamentation took place during the1979 alterations, including the re-orientation of altar. The re-organization affects the ceremonialspace of the Chapel and the integrity of the apse.

The northeast wing off the apse has experienced some alterations. The partition wall in theaddition has been removed to create one large room. A partition wall was added to the upstairsroom, which use to be the chaplains office, to create two rooms. These alterations changed the

layout of the space, but because these are secondary spaces of significance the alterations do notgreatly impact the integrity of the building.

The Southeast wing off the apse has experienced some alterations although the basic overalldimensions remain the same. The most dramatic of these changes was the installation of newlighting system and a drop ceiling which reduces the ceiling height of more than half the room bynearly fifty percent. The ceiling could likely be removed to restore the original spatialorganization. In 1979, the confessional booth was removed which occupied the southwesterncorner of the room during the period of significance; this alteration has effected to proportions ofthe small space. A doorway in the western wall of the chapel which originally led directly from thesmaller chapel into the nave has been closed off, and a protrusion into the chapel space has beenbuilt, presumably for HVAC duct work.

Materials:

The exterior has experienced a great loss of historic fabric. The original asbestos siding has beenreplaced with wood, air conditioners and wheelchair ramps have been added, and large incisionshave been made to accommodate the replacement trusses in the nave. These incisions have beencovered over with large sheets of painted plywood, shielding the nave windows from exterior view.Weather, neglect, and human intervention have compromised the integrity of materials on theexterior.

The interior of the Chapel has a relatively high integrity in materials. The vestibule has originalmoldings and wainscoting, although the northern most door was enclosed. The original heating

equipment is present on the north and south walls of the vestibule and the light fixtures areoriginal.

The nave has suffered some loss of original materials as a result of the replacement of the trusses.The western most truss, nearest the entrance of the building is original. The other three trusses arereplacements installed in 2006. The construction of the replacement trusses follows the model ofthe original closely. The floors in nave are the original from 1942, but were refinished for theproduction of The Notebook (2004). The panes in the windows have been replaced, most likelyduring the 1979 renovations, with textured, colored glass. The wainscoting from the 1942


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drawings has been retained on the north wall of the nave. On the south the wainscoting has beenreplaced with different wainscoting, most likely during the filming of The Notebook. The lightfixtures that hang from the trusses are original and are present in the 1942 drawings. The glass insome of these may have been replaced, but most of the material in these fixtures is original.

Integrity of materials in the apse of the Chapel appears relatively high. Original windows,

moldings, and portions of the wainscoting evident in the original 1942 and 1944 drawings are stillin place. In 1979, changes were made to the paneling on the east wall when the altarpiece wasmoved from against the wall to further out the apse area. At the same time, a choir rail,approximately 2.5 feet high, which has separated the choir and sanctuary areas of the apse wasremoved. Pieces of this partial wall are currently stored in various rooms in the building, and couldpotentially be re-installed if a restoration project were undertaken. The 1979 alterations alsoincluded extensions to the steps in the apse, allowing more room for the new location of the altar.The original stair configuration still exists behind the extension, maintaining integrity of materialsin the space. The north and south doors leading from the apse to the robbing rooms and smallerchapel were replaced in 1979 in consideration of fire codes.

A majority of the materials in the northeast wing are original. Besides the removal of the partitionwall in the addition and the addition of a partition wall in the second story room, there have notbeen alterations to this space. A sink that was at once time present in the chaplains office has beenremoved leaving a ghost mark on the east wall. Of particular interest is an original light fixture inthe bathroom located in the addition.

The integrity of materials in the southeast wing has been compromised by considerable alterationscompleted in 1979. The original tabernacle shelves were removed and replaced, the altar wasremoved, and wood paneling and new wall sconces were installed on the walls. It is likely that anyoriginal wall materials that remain have been affected by the extensive water and termite damageevident throughout the room.

Workmanship:The great loss of original fabric on the exterior of the building has made determining workmanshipextremely difficult. The original structure and brick foundation are still intact and in relativelygood condition, indicating a fairly high level of workmanship. The construction type, which iswood construction along the lines of balloon framing, is typical of the period of significance. Thedetails present in the cornice and pilasters indicate a fairly high level of skill and craftsmanship.Unfortunately, the exterior of the building has been re-dressed with inferior materials and methodsthat have caused a rate of rapid decay resulting in a loss of original materials and evidence ofworkmanship.

The interior of the Chapel provides more evidence of workmanship. The trusses are one element

of workmanship in the building that remains. The original truss is a primary source of informationon how the trusses were put together; they show typical 1940s construction and electrical wiring.The replacement trusses were carefully constructed to mimic the way the original truss wasconstructed so as not to detract from the integrity o the site. The trusses are put together with boltsand screws. The braces were bolted to the vertical posts that run floor to ceiling. This is typicalconstruction for the period. Decorative details such as the curving elements near the start of theroof show the skills required to make these stylistic details. The original floor is indicative of the


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workmanship in the building. The original wainscoting on the north wall also provides someinsight into the skills required to complete this building.

The clean lines of the apse area, including classical moldings and simple wainscoting, offer someinformation about the aesthetic principals of the period of significance. Some minimal waterdamage near the interior archway and peeling paint on the ceiling are the only indicators of failing

materials in this space, suggesting quality of original craftsmanship. The 1979 alterations removedsome original material, making workmanship difficult to determine in the apse. The originalmaterial present does suggest a quality of construction.

Workmanship is more easily determinable in the northeast wing, where the integrity of materials islargely intact. There is a large degree of water damage in this wing, particularly on the west wall,but this stems from a compromised building envelope where a tree is growing in the roof and thepresence of a flat roof over the addition, not from faulty original workmanship. The constructiontype and electrical systems are typical for the period of construction with the bathroom retaining itsoriginal light fixture. The southeast wing of the Chapel experienced extensive renovations in 1979,along with water and termite damage, that make determining workmanship difficult in this space.

Feeling:

Original building materials and overall design elements combine to help the Chapel maintain thefeeling of a place of worship in the 1940s and 1950s. The exterior of the building looks like a placeof worship; however, the removal of the wooden cross on the porticos parapet detracts from thereligious feel that is associated with the building. There is no insignia that indicates that thebuilding was used for religious purposes. The only allusion to religious practices is the design of thebuilding. The general disrepair on the exterior of the building also detracts from the feeling, butcould be regained with proper treatment, such as the use of historically appropriate materials torepair the exterior.

The layout of the interior spaces, including the openness of the nave and apse as a focal point,

contribute to the feeling of the Chapel. The large windows lining the north and south walls of thenave are indicative of a ceremonial use. The retention of original design and materials areespecially significant to the chapel and contribute to feeling. The construction and design elements,such as the trusses and lighting fixtures, set a specific period of the 1940s and 1950s for thebuilding. The pews that were in the chapel are stored in the apse at this time but could be easilyreplaced to increase feeling. Missing elements such as the altarpiece and confessionals do detractsomewhat from the integrity of feeling.

Association:

The retention of the original location and setting help to create integrity of association. The chapelbecause it retains its relationship to the navy base and the existing naval building around it, stillevokes strong ties with the North Charleston Naval Base. The buildings presence as a non-denominational house of worship is an indication of the values and religious rituals of people usingthe base during a time of war. The chapel also shares in the history and tradition of navy chapelserected around the country. The nave, as mentioned in the feeling section, retains originalmaterials and design elements that are evocative of the 1940s.

The apse, where a majority of the religious symbolism and ceremonial objects would have beenlocated, does not have the same level of association as the nave. Only the architectural design and


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physical layout of the building remain to speak of the buildings former religious uses. Detailsreferencing the specific spiritual purposes, for which the building was used, including physicalevidence of Christian and Jewish ritual, have been removed. The absence of altarpieces depicted inoriginal drawings is detrimental to maintaining integrity of association in these spaces.

The northeast wing of the building, a secondary space, does not factor into the integrity of

association as much as the primary ceremonial spaces of the Chapel. The addition of droppedceiling and the removal of the confessional detract from the integrity of association in this part ofthe building.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

A s s e s s ELocation

North El(fig 1)

South anElevatio(fig 2)

West Ele(fig 3 & 4

s m e n t o fx t e r i o r C o

D

vation M

Easts

Er

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CD

E x i s t i n go n d i t i o n s Sescription

issing downsp

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acked brickteriorating C

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ulk

o n shotograph


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Chapel|5/1/2009

North El

(fig 5)

South Ele(fig 6)

North El(fig 7)

vation

vation T

vation Sp

ood rot

rmite Damage

litting/Cracki

g Clapboards


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Chapel|5/1/2009

East Elev(fig 8)

West, NoEast Elevrespectiv(fig 9)

tion Sa

th, andtions

ely

G

gging Baseboa

een, Rust, Bla

d

ck Bio-Growt


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Chapel|5/1/2009

North Elevation(fig 10)

Tree/Weed-like Bio-Growth

West Elevation(fig 11)

Portico Columns

South Elevation(fig 12)

Peeling paint


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Interior Condit ions Survey

Western room ofsecond floor

north wing

This room has experienced extensive water damage possibly from the compromised building

envelop as the result of the tree growing on the roof directly above this room. The west wall of

this room has extensive termite damage as a result of the water infiltration from the

compromised roof. This has also affected the floor boards nearest the west wall, making them

largely unstable. Caution should be used when approaching this side of the room. Other

problems include damage to the sheet rock on the south wall which seems to have been a

deliberate act and holes in the windows on the north wall.

West Wall(fig 1& 2))

Water damage is present 2-3 feet off the

northwest corner. The tree that is

growing on the roof is immediately over

this portion of the building which

probably is the point where water enters

the building. There is also termite

damage inside the wall. The water

damage made the wood studs more

susceptible to termites. The floor below

the wall is also weaker due to the waterdamage. Along the west wall the paint is

cracking.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

North Wall(fig 5)

Window on north wall. Holes in the

lower panes are most likely from impact.

Eastern Room,Second Floor

The condition of the Eastern room on the second floor is fairly good. There do not seem to be

any serious structural problems in this room. Most of the failures in this room are cosmetic.

The paint throughout the room is cracking and peeling from the walls, which is most likely dueto the age of the materials and the vast range of temperature and humidity experienced in the

building in the absence of climate control on the interior. There was a sink on the east wall of

the room but this has been removed leaving a ghost mark on the wall.

NortheastCorner(fig 6)

Paint cracking in the northwest corner

Northeast Roomoff of Apse

This room shows signs of serious structural problems. There is extensive water damage to the

south and west walls, most likely the result of the compromised building envelope and the tree

growing through the roof directly above the site of the water damage. On the west wall there

is also the presence of biological growth, most likely from the presence of moisture on the

north side of the building. The water damage is a serious problem in this room. There are

vertical cracks on the south wall which may indicate foundation settlement. All other noted

issues are cosmetic.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

North WallDoor to the apse(fig 7)

Damage to the molding

on the right side of the door. It appears

to have been gouged

out, possibly from an accidental collision

from furniture which

was moved into the room for storage.

Corner to theright of door(fig 8)

There is a hole in

the sheetrock approximately one inch in

diameter.

Wall to the rightof Door(fig 9)

There is minor surface

damage near the floor. This is probably

the result of gluing a plastic

molding strip to the wall, which leftresidue when removed.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

South Wall(fig 10)

A vertical crack extends from the ceiling

several feet down. May indicate

foundation settling

Surface finish(fig 11)

Failure of finish appears to indicate

water damage on this portion of the wall.

If this is the case, water is

migrating within the ceiling as this is an

interior wall which projects

into the nave. Fluctuations in

temperature and humidity expedite

the process of paint failure.

West Wall

Water Damage

(Fig 12)

There are signs of extensive water damage

on this wall. From the outside one can

see that the gutters in this corner are full

of plant material and there is a tree

growing from the roof roughly above the

corner shown here.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Ceiling in thecenter of the

roomWater Damage(fig 13)

Stains on the ceiling also appear to stem

from problems with the gutters. This

corner also shares a wall with the additionwhich has a flat roof. Presumably, the flat

roof contributes to the problem of water

penetration.

Northern

addition:

Robing room

The addition has a flat roof which appears to be the cause of water damage throughout the

addition. In several places, water is pooling on the roof, causing marks on the interior ceiling.

Vertical cracks indicate foundation settlement throughout the room but particularly on the

northeast corner of the building. There is also a vine growing through the north wall window.

West Wall(fig 14 & 15)

Water damage is present above the west

window. The flat roof above the addition

probably is the cause of the water

entering the building because flat roofs do

not shed water well.

Cracks in the sheet rock above the

window might be

the result of water damage, particularly

on the west and south walls.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Noeth Wall(fig 16 & 17)

Vine

There are cracks throughout the north

wall, the majority of which are vertical.

There are spots on the wall that

indicate some water damage attributableto the flat roof.

Northeast corner(fig18)

A vertical crack runs along the northeast

corner of the room. There is also a hole

in the bottom of the door which mightbe allowing pests in.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

South Wall(fig 19)

There is water damage on the South Wall

above the doorway into the addition from

the original room. The picture suggests

that the water is pooling above the door

and also running down the north wall.

This is probably an effect of the flat roofover the addition.

The Nave Overall the nave is in fairly good condition. There is some water damage, particularly over the

arch that separates the nave from the apse, which indicate foundation settlement. None of the

damage is as extensive as the damage is the north wing off the apse. The three trusses in the

apse have been replaced and the western most truss is original. Large holes were cut in both

the north and south walls to replace the trusses, but the interior does not seem to have suffered

greately from this practice. The majority of the damage to this room is cosmetic, not

structural.

South WallWindow 1Starting from theEast(fig 20)

The Southeast corner

of the nave shows signs of severe waterand termite damage. The spackle

repair below the window is not well

done and detracts from the appearance

of the windows. There is also a vertical

crack above the window, which may

indicate foundation settlement. Window

2 and 3 had no problems.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Window 4(fig 21)

Duct tape covers holes in the windows.

Otherwise

is in fairly good condition.

Window 5(fig 22)

Unidentifiable repair around window

molding appears to be failing. Closer

inspection is warranted.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

North Wall

Window 6starting from theentrance(fig 23)

This photo taken from the floor of the

chapel up towards the ceiling shows how

the dropped ceiling of the additionpartially conceals the window. Paint is

peeling from the molding and a board has

been placed on the window that is

perpendicular to the sill.

Window 7(fig 24)

Vertical crack above the window may

indicate foundation settlement.


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Third Truss afterwindow 8(fig 25 & 26)

There is some surface damage to the wall

to the walls around the window,

especially in the corner between thesecond truss for the west wall and this

window. There are also some gauge

marks along the length of the wainscoting.

Vertical cracking along third truss may

indicate further settling of the building

since 2006 when three of the trusses were

replaced. (This is a replacement truss.)

Northeast corner(fig 27)

The northeast corner of the nave show

signs of water and termite damage. There

is a great deal of cracking along this

corner.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Arch on eastwall(fig 29 & 30)

Vertical cracks on both sides of the arch

that enters

into the apse on the West wall. This may

be indicative of foundation

settlement. There is also water damage

above the arch but the source

of the water is unclear

Ceiling(fig 31 & 32)

The paint has peeled off the majority of

the ceiling. The southeast corner of the

ceiling is the only section that

has retained most of the paint. This might

be due to water penetrating the roof or

just general aging of the paint


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Apse

Crack in the wood of the tread of the

step. The crack follows the grain of the

wood.

Paint is peeling in a number of locations

due to the lack of conditioning in the

space.

Fungus growth on the window sash.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Blessed

Sacrament

Chapel

There are holes in the original ceiling

above the suspended ceiling where there

were light fixtures that are now missing.

Missing molding and wall paneling around

the window. This was rebuilt.

Missing ceiling tiles in suspended ceiling.

The paint is peeling from the ceiling

above. Conduit is hanging down from

above the suspended ceiling through the

hole.

The back side of the door into the chapel

is unfinished and the door knob is

missing.


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Chapel|5/1/2009

Maintenance RequirementsPrioritized maintenance issuesCritical

Critical maintenance required for the preservation of the Chapel building includes the stabilizationof the building and the restoration of the exterior. The goal of stabilization is to stop further

deterioration from taking place and essentially protecting those remaining elements of the building

that contribute to integrity or are character defining features. Working from the condition

assessment completed for the property, a structural analysis should be carried out to determine

where structural stabilization is required. Structural stabilization would involve the rebuilding of

portions of the walls that are deteriorated with a focus on the interior framing of the building and

the extermination of termites.

Further critical maintenance includes the restoration of the buildings weather envelope, including,

at a minimum, the installation of a vapor/moisture barrier, new roof, and new gutters. As far asrestoration, siding must be replaced and the exterior of the building repainted. The loss of a

significant amount of original fabric on the exterior warrants this treatment. Historically sensitive

materials and treatments would help to restore the integrity of the buildings feeling and

association. Along with any repairs/restoration, the building must be property ventilated and the

plumbing should be winterized. The largest threat to original fabric is the infiltration of water and

termites. By addressing the weather envelope, the original fabric of the building will be protected,

as well as the remaining character defining features. After all work is completed, a long-term

maintenance plan should be developed with includes scheduled insect treatments.

Serious

After all critical maintenance is completed, focus can be shifted to the restoration of the interior of

the building. The restoration of the interior would include the replacement of wall finishes where

damaged, painting of the walls, new molding, and a new finish on the floor. Replacement of

interior elements should be undertaken as needed, with a priority given to retaining as much

original fabric as possible. The north corner of the addition should be rebuilt and bathrooms added,

depending on code requirements for intended use.

Minor

Once all maintenance deemed critical or serious is completed, specific actions would be undertakento make the Chapel compatible with the chosen use.


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Mothballing ChecklistMothballing is the temporary closure of a building to protect it from the weather and secure it from

vandalism. This process can be a necessary and effective means of protecting the building while

planning the property's future, or raising money for a preservation, rehabilitation or restoration

project. If basic stabilization is needed before implementing any restoration work, the following

checklist may help to ensure that work items are not inadvertently omitted. 22

MOISTURE

Is the roof watertight? Do the gutters retain their proper pitch and are they clean? Are downspout joints intact? Are drains unobstructed? Are windows and doors and their frames in good condition?

Are masonry walls in good condition to seal out moisture? Is wood siding in good condition? Is site properly graded for water run-off? Is vegetation cleared from around the building foundation to avoid trapping moisture?PESTS

Have nests/pests been removed from the building's interior and eaves? Are adequate screens in place to guard against pests? Has the building been inspected and treated for termites, carpenter ants, rodents, etc.? If toxic droppings from bats and pigeons are present, has a special company been brought in for its

disposal?

HOUSEKEEPING

Have the following been removed from the interior: trash, hazardous materials such as flammableliquids, poisons, and paints and canned goods that could freeze and burst?

Is the interior broom-clean? Have furnishings been removed to a safe location? If furnishings are remaining in the building, are they properly protected from dust, pests, ultraviolet

light, and other potentially harmful problems?

Have significant architectural elements that have become detached from the building been labeled andstored in a safe place?

Is there a building file?SECURITY

Have fire and police departments been notified that the building will be mothballed?22 National Park Service, Preservation Brief 31: Mothballing Historic Buildings, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1993,http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief31.htm.


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Are smoke and fire detectors in working order? Are the exterior doors and windows securely fastened? Are plans in place to monitor the building on a regular basis? Are the keys to the building in a secure but accessible location? Are the grounds being kept from becoming overgrown?UTILITIES

Have utility companies disconnected/shut off or fully inspected water, gas, and electric lines? If the building will not remain heated, have water pipes been drained and glycol added? If the electricity is to be left on, is the wiring in safe condition?VENTILATION

Have steps been taken to ensure proper ventilation of the building? Have interior doors been left open for ventilation purposes?

Has the secured building been checked within the last 3 months for interior dampness or excessivehumidity?

Maintenance Schedule1-3 MONTHS; PERIODIC

regular drive by surveillance check attic during storms if possible monthly walk-around check entrances check window panes for breakage mowing as required check for graffiti or vandalism enter every 3 months to air out check for musty air check for moisture damage check battery packs and monitoring equipment check light bulbs check for evidence of pest intrusionEVERY 6 MONTHS; SPRING AND FALL

site clean-up; pruning and trimming gutter and downspout check check crawlspace for pests clean out storm drains


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EVERY 12 MONTHS

maintenance contract inspections for equipment/utilities check roof for loose or missing shingles termite and pest inspection/treatment exterior materials spot repair and touch up painting remove bird droppings or other stains from exterior check and update building file

Recordation of MaintenanceFiles should be kept detailing the work that was undertaken on Chapel. A standardized format that

describes the date of the intervention, contractor or other entity that conducted the intervention,

and reason for the intervention should be included. These files should be updated any time an

intervention is undertaken.


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Appendix: Works CitedAllen, Jane E. Frigate Program Coming Here. The Post and Courier. October 4, 1982. From the Naval

Base: 1980-1989 vertical file accessed at the South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library,Charleston, SC.

Augustin, Jim. Director of Community Revitalization, Sustainability, Noisette Company. Interview.January 27, 2009.

Carolina Arts. The 2005 North Charleston Arts FestivalTakes Place in North Charleston, SC, from Apr. 29 -May 7, 2005. April 2005 Issue. http://www.carolinaarts.com/405nchas.html.

Cassavetes, Nick. Director ofThe Notebook (motion picture) New Line Cinemas, June 2004. EmailInterview. January 28 & 31, 2009.

Charleston Naval Shipyard Best in the Nation. Charleston Evening Post. January 1, 1984. From the Naval

Base: 1980-1989 vertical file accessed at the South Carolina Room, Charleston County Library,Charleston, SC.

Cupp, Ruth. Corner Stone Opened at Chapels Last Service. News and Courier. September 6, 1995.

Cupp, Ruth. Final Farewell. Post and Courier. October 9, 1995.

HABS/HAER inventory.

Harky Jr., W. Hugh. Greetings from Charleston: A Pictorial Postcard History of Charleston, South Carolina .Asheboro, NC: Down Home Press, 1994.

Hill, Ian and Power, Tracy. Preservation and the Charleston Naval Base, Preservation News & Notes 5, no. 3(Autumn 1994). From the Naval Base: 1990-1999 vertical file accessed at the South CarolinaRoom, Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.

Johnson, Clyde. Yard Site bought in 1901. The News and Courier/Charleston Evening Post, May 15-19,1972. From the Naval Base: 1970-1972 vertical file accessed at the South Carolina Room,Charleston County Library, Charleston, SC.

McIntyre, Joe. Member of St. Johns Catholic Church who helped move the piece of art to the EternalFather of the Sea. Interview. March 2009.

McNeil, Jim. Charlestons Navy Yard: A Picture History. CokerCraft Press: Charleston, S.C., 1985.

Morgan, Kenneth. "The Organization of the Colonial American Rice Trade." The William and MaryQuarterly. Third Series. Vol. 52. No. 3 (July 1995).


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