SCIENCEI N T R O D U C I N G T O L I V I N G T H I N G S

HOW ARE THIS MANATEE AND HYRAX ALIKE?Living in Florida waters, a manatee can grow to be longer than 3 meters and weigh over 350 kg. A rock hyrax is a small, taillness, rodentlike animal that lives in rocky areas of Africa. While these animals appear to be very different, they are actually related.

What could these two animals have in common?

HOW ARE THIS MANATEE AND HYRAX ALIKE?What could these two animals have in common?

The manatee and hyrax both have eyes, mouths, and noses. They both also have some hair.

VOCABULARY SKILLGreek

Word PartMeaning Example

autos self Autotroph, an organism that

makes its own food.taxis Order,

arrangementTaxonomy, the

scientific study of how living things are

classified.homos Similar, same Homeostasis, the

maintenance of stable internal

conditions.

LESSON 1 - VOCABULARYOrganismCellUnicellularMulticellularMetabolismStimulusResponseDevelopment

Asexual reproductionSexual reproductionSpontaneous generationControlled experimentAutotrophHeterotrophHomeostais

WHAT IS LIFE?

•What are the characteristics of all living things?•Where do living things come from?•What do living things need to survive?

MY PLANET DIARY

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KRZX5KL4fA

IT’S KISMET• If you hear a loud noise, do you turn toward the

sound to see what caused it? When someone smiles at you, do you smile bak? If somebody shook something in front of your face, would you back away? Most people react in these ways, and so does Kismet, a humanlike robot! Scientists developed Kismet to interact with cooperate with, and learn from humans. Kismet can understand information that it sees and hears as if it were a young child. When responding to information, Kismet’s face changes so that it seems interested happy, or frightened. Kismet’s expressions are so convincing that it is sometimes hard to remember that Kismet isn’t really alive!

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

•What does Kismet do that makes it seem human?•What are some things you think Kismet might not be able to do that humans can?

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS• What does Kismet do that makes it seem human?

Kismet can respond to situations, understand information, and make faces.• What are some things you think Kismet might not be able to do that humans can?

Kismet doesn’t eat, grow, understand complex ideas, heal cuts, get sick, or have children.

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL LIVING THINGS?If you were asked to name some living things, or organisms, you might name yourself, a pet, and some insects or plants. You would probably not mention a moss growing in a shady spot, the mildew on bathroom tiles, or the slime molds that ooze acoss lawns. But all of these things are organisms that share several important characteristics with all other living things.

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE:•Celullar organization•Contain similar chemicals•Use energy•Respond to their surroundings•Grow and develop and•Reproduce

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION• All organisms are made of small building blocks

called cells.

• Cell: is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

• Organisms may be composed of only one cell or of many cells.

• We have organisms that are unicellular like bacteria and multicellular like humans that are made of trillions of cells.

THE CHEMICALS OF LIFE• The cell of a living thing is made of chemicals:

• The most abundant chemical in cells is water.• Other chemicals, called carbohydrates are a cell’s

main energy source.• Proteins• Lipids• Nucleic acids

THE CHEMICALS OF LIFE

ENERGY USE• Organisms get energy from taking in a breaking down

materials.

• The combination of chemical reaction through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials is called metabolism.

• Example: Young sooty terns, can fly four to five years without even setting foot on land! Because of the energy that they use.

RESPONSE TO SURROUNDINGS

RESPONSE TO SURROUNDINGSStimulus: Is a change in an organim’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.

Stimuli(plural of stimulus): Include changes in light, sound and other factors.

An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT• All living things grow and develop.

• Growth: is the process of becoming larger.

• Development: is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life, producing a more complex organism.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

REPRODUCTIONOrganisms reproduce in different ways:

• Asexual reproduction: involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.• Sexual reproduction: involves two parents and

combines their genetic material to produce a new organism.

REVIEW• 1. A change in an organism’s surroundings is a stimulus/response.• 2. A bird sitting in a tree, flies away as you walk by. Which of the life characteristics explains the bird’s behavior?• 3. Trees do not move like birds do, but they are living things. Why?• 4. Now I know that all living things….

SCIENCEC L A SS I F Y I N G L I F E

BIRDS OF A FEATHERWhen people first began to travel in airplanes, birds often caused crashes. In 1960, 62 people were killed when birds flew into an airplane’s engine. Something had to be done, but no one knew what kinds of birds were causing the crashes. Usually only a tiny, burnt piece of feather remained. Engineers didnt know how big or heavy the birds were, so they couldnt design planes to keep birds out of the engines. Then a scientist named Roxie Laybourne invented a way to classify birds using a tiny piece of feather.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW•What did Roxie Laybourne invented?•Why was her invention so important?

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW•What did Roxie Laybourne invented?

–Roxie Layborne invented a new way to identify birds from their feathers.

•Why was her invention so important?–By identifying the birds that caused the crashes, engineers could take steps to prevent birds from running into planes and causing accidents.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

•Binomial = two names•Nomenclature = naming•Binomial nomenclature = a system of naming living things using two names.

WHY DO BIOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS?• So far, scientists have identified more than one million kinds of organisms on Earth. That’s a large number, and it keeps growing as scientists discover new organisms. Imagine how difficult it would be to find information about one particular organism if you had no idea even where to begin. It would be a lot easier if similar organisms were placed into groups.

WHY DO BIOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS?• Classification = Is the process of grouping things based on their similarities.

WHY DO BIOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS?• Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.• Taxonomy: The scientific study of how organisms are classified.• Taxonomy is useful because once an organism is classified, a scientist knows a lot of information about that organism.

THE NAMING SYSTEM OF LINNAEUS•Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on their observable features.•Each organism was given a unique, two-part scientific name. This system is called binomial nomenclature.

GENUS AND SPECIES

•The first word in an organisms scientific name is its genus. •A genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE•Puma concolor (puma)• Concolor means “the same color” in Latin. Notice that is animal’s coat is mostly the same color.

USING BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE•A complete scientific name is written in italics. Only the first letter of the first word in a scientific name is capitalized.

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION?The classification system that scientists use today is based on the contributions of Linnaeus. But today’s classification system uses a series of many levels to classify organisms.

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION?A domain is the broadest level of organization. Within a domain, there a re kingdoms. Within kingdoms, there are phyla. Within phyla are classes. Within classes are orders. Witin orders are families. Each family contans one or more genera. Finally, each genus contains one or more species.

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HOW ARE TAXONOMIC KEYS USEFUL?•Are useful tools that help determine the identify of organisms.

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