chapter 1 introduction to physical science. section 1: objectives explain that science involves...

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

Introduction to Physical ScienceIntroduction to Physical Science

Section 1: ObjectivesSection 1: Objectives

Explain that science involves asking Explain that science involves asking questions.questions.

Describe the relationship of matter and Describe the relationship of matter and energy to physical science.energy to physical science.

Describe the two branches of physical Describe the two branches of physical science.science.

Identify three areas of science that use Identify three areas of science that use physical science.physical science.

What Is Physical Science?What Is Physical Science?

ScienceScience: a process of gathering : a process of gathering knowledge about the natural worldknowledge about the natural world

In order to solve a problem, we must first In order to solve a problem, we must first ask and then answer a question.ask and then answer a question.

This is the first step to the scientific This is the first step to the scientific method.method.

What is Physical Science?What is Physical Science?

Physical SciencePhysical Science: study of matter and : study of matter and energyenergyMatter is the “stuff” everything is made from.Matter is the “stuff” everything is made from.Energy is the ability to do work.Energy is the ability to do work.


Learning about Physical Science will help Learning about Physical Science will help us answer everyday questions such as:us answer everyday questions such as:Why will paper burn and gold will not?Why will paper burn and gold will not?Why is throwing a bowling ball harder than Why is throwing a bowling ball harder than

throwing a baseball?throwing a baseball?How can water turn into steam and then back How can water turn into steam and then back

into water?into water?


Physical Science is divided into Physics Physical Science is divided into Physics and Chemistry.and Chemistry.

We can also divide these two areas We can also divide these two areas further.further.


ChemistryChemistry:: study of all forms of matter; study of all forms of matter; including how matter interacts with other including how matter interacts with other mattermatter

PhysicsPhysics:: Looks mostly at energy and the Looks mostly at energy and the way that energy affects matterway that energy affects matter


What you learn about What you learn about matter and energy is matter and energy is beneficial in other beneficial in other science classes.science classes.

Many of the same Many of the same concepts extend from concepts extend from one branch of science one branch of science to another.to another.


Meteorology is the study of the Earth’s Meteorology is the study of the Earth’s atmosphere in relation to weather and atmosphere in relation to weather and climate.climate.

Jobs that involve meteorology include:Jobs that involve meteorology include:ForecastingForecastingAeronautical physicsAeronautical physicsTornado chasers Tornado chasers


Geology is the study of the origin, history, Geology is the study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth.and structure of Earth.

Some geologists are Some geologists are geochemistsgeochemists. .

Some geochemists specialize in the Some geochemists specialize in the chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil.chemistry of rocks, minerals, and soil.


Biology is the study of life, living Biology is the study of life, living organisms, and how all organisms relate organisms, and how all organisms relate and interact.and interact.

Chemistry and Biology overlap in several Chemistry and Biology overlap in several concepts. concepts. An example of this would be photosynthesis.An example of this would be photosynthesis.Photosynthesis occurs when plants Photosynthesis occurs when plants

chemically convert sunlight into energy.chemically convert sunlight into energy.

Section 1: Review QuestionsSection 1: Review Questions

1) List and describe 3 areas of science 1) List and describe 3 areas of science that rely on physical science.that rely on physical science.

2) What 2 major areas can physical 2) What 2 major areas can physical science be divided into?science be divided into?

3) What is the difference between 3) What is the difference between Chemistry and Physics?Chemistry and Physics?

Section 2: Scientific MethodsSection 2: Scientific Methods

The way in which scientists answer The way in which scientists answer questions and solve problems are called questions and solve problems are called scientific methodsscientific methods..

Scientists don’t always have to follow the Scientists don’t always have to follow the same steps in order to solve a problem.same steps in order to solve a problem.

Scientific MethodsScientific Methods


Asking a question helps focus the purpose Asking a question helps focus the purpose of the investigation.of the investigation.

An An observation observation is any use of the senses to is any use of the senses to gather information.gather information.

You should record observations You should record observations throughout the entire experiment.throughout the entire experiment.


Engineers ask questions all the time.Engineers ask questions all the time.

They ask questions in order to create They ask questions in order to create better (more efficient) ways of doing better (more efficient) ways of doing things.things.

TechnologyTechnology: application of science for : application of science for practical purposespractical purposes

Efficiency ExampleEfficiency Example

An example of efficiency that engineers An example of efficiency that engineers study is in boats.study is in boats.

Boat efficiency compares energy used to Boat efficiency compares energy used to move the boat forward with energy move the boat forward with energy supplied by the engine.supplied by the engine.

Why would making boats more efficient be Why would making boats more efficient be useful?useful?


Once you have asked a question, you are Once you have asked a question, you are ready to formulate your hypothesis.ready to formulate your hypothesis.

Hypothesis = educated guessHypothesis = educated guess

HypothesisHypothesis: explanation based on prior : explanation based on prior scientific research or observations that can scientific research or observations that can be testedbe tested


After you form a After you form a hypothesis, you must hypothesis, you must test it.test it.

Why would you test Why would you test your hypothesis?your hypothesis?


One way to test your hypothesis is to One way to test your hypothesis is to perform a controlled experiment. perform a controlled experiment.

A controlled experiment tests one variable A controlled experiment tests one variable at a time. at a time.

Why would this be important?Why would this be important?


Always collect any Always collect any useful data while useful data while performing your performing your experiment.experiment.

DataData: pieces of : pieces of information acquired information acquired through observation through observation or experimentationor experimentation


Once you have data, Once you have data, analyze it to find out analyze it to find out whether it whether it supports/rejects your supports/rejects your hypothesis.hypothesis.


At the end of an experiment, you must At the end of an experiment, you must draw conclusions.draw conclusions.

Conclusions help explain why your Conclusions help explain why your hypothesis was supported or rejected.hypothesis was supported or rejected.


Results: what Results: what happenedhappened

Should support or Should support or reject your reject your hypothesis.hypothesis.

Conclusion: why it Conclusion: why it happenedhappened

Do not restate results.Do not restate results.


After your experiment is completed, you After your experiment is completed, you should share your results/conclusions with should share your results/conclusions with other scientists.other scientists.

Why would this be important?Why would this be important?

Section 2: Review QuestionsSection 2: Review Questions

1) Name the steps that can be used in the 1) Name the steps that can be used in the scientific method.scientific method.

2) At what number of flaps/second is the boat 2) At what number of flaps/second is the boat most and least efficient? Why?most and least efficient? Why?

3) At what point does the efficiency neither 3) At what point does the efficiency neither increase nor decrease? How do you know?increase nor decrease? How do you know?


Explain how models represent the natural Explain how models represent the natural world.world.

Identify three types of models used in Identify three types of models used in science.science.

Describe theories and laws.Describe theories and laws.

Section 3: Scientific ModelsSection 3: Scientific Models

ModelModel: representation of an object or : representation of an object or systemsystem

Scientific models serve many purposes.Scientific models serve many purposes.

The main purpose is to visually represent The main purpose is to visually represent something that is too large or too small.something that is too large or too small.

Scientific ModelsScientific Models

There are three types of scientific models.There are three types of scientific models.They include:They include:

Physical modelsPhysical modelsMathematical modelsMathematical modelsConceptual modelsConceptual models


Examples include:Examples include:Model airplanesModel airplanesModels of cellsModels of cellsDNA modelsDNA models

How can physical models be useful?How can physical models be useful?


Mathematical models are made up of Mathematical models are made up of equations and data.equations and data.

These allow you to calculate such things These allow you to calculate such things as force and acceleration.as force and acceleration.

Conceptual ModelsConceptual Models

Conceptual models are basically systems Conceptual models are basically systems or ideas.or ideas.

The Big Bang Theory, which describes The Big Bang Theory, which describes how galaxies and planets were formed, is how galaxies and planets were formed, is one example.one example.


Explain the importance of the International Explain the importance of the International System of Units.System of Units.

Identify the appropriate units used for Identify the appropriate units used for particular measurements.particular measurements.

The SI SystemThe SI System

Precise measurements are very important Precise measurements are very important in any branch of science.in any branch of science.

Examples include:Examples include:Adding/subtracting chemicalsAdding/subtracting chemicalsMeasuring distance between 2 objectsMeasuring distance between 2 objectsTaking the mass of an objectTaking the mass of an objectConverting measurementsConverting measurements


In the late 1700s, the French Academy of In the late 1700s, the French Academy of Sciences began developing a world-wide Sciences began developing a world-wide system of units.system of units.

Today most scientists and almost all Today most scientists and almost all countries use this system.countries use this system.

One advantage of this system is that it One advantage of this system is that it helps scientists share and compare helps scientists share and compare results.results.


Another advantage of the SI system is Another advantage of the SI system is almost all units are based on the number almost all units are based on the number 10.10.

Basing most units on the number 10 Basing most units on the number 10 makes conversions from one unit to makes conversions from one unit to another easier.another easier.

Common measurements that SI units are Common measurements that SI units are used for include L, V, M, and Tem.used for include L, V, M, and Tem.


Length = meters (m)Length = meters (m)Area = square units (m^2) Area = square units (m^2) Volume = liters (L)Volume = liters (L)Mass = gram (g)Mass = gram (g)Temperature = Fahrenheit (F), Celsius Temperature = Fahrenheit (F), Celsius

(C), and Kelvin (K)(C), and Kelvin (K)

chapter 1 introduction to physical science. section 1: objectives explain that science involves...

Documents

energy physical science

physical science slide

branches of physical

areas of science

science classes

branch of science

energy matter

matter slide