chapter 1 lecture 1 kzks

7/28/2019 Chapter 1 Lecture 1 Kzks

1/20

CHAPTER 1: Mole

Balances

Lecture 1


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CHAPTER 1

Hours

Lect. Tut.

Principles of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Reactors function and operation

Mole balances

Conversion and reactor sizing

Rate laws and stoichiometry

8 2

Introduction to Reactor Design 1

Steady State Isothermal Reactor Design

Single reactor design for single reaction

o Batch reactor

o CSTR

o PFR / PBR

o Size comparison of various reactor

Collection and analysis of rate data

o Analysis of experimental data

o Different algorithm for data analysis

o Experimental planning

o Evaluation of lab reactors

Multiple reactions

o Parallel reactions for CSTR / PFR

o Series reaction for CSTR / PFR

5

4

4

2

2

2

Introduction to Steady State Non-Isothermal Reactor

The energy balance

Adiabatic Operations

Non Adiabatic Operations

Equilibrium conversion

6 2

Distribution of Residence time for Chemical Reactors

Residence Time Distribution of Fluid in Vessel

Characteristics of the RTD

Residence time distribution in ideal reactors

6 1

Overview on Catalytic Reactor Technology

Design of reactors for Catalytic reaction 2 1

Total Hours 36 12


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CHAPTER 1

Course Learning Outcome (CO)1. Explain the fundamentals of different types of reactors and reactor

operations.2. Apply the principles of chemical reaction engineering in solving

reaction engineering problems, both for homogeneous and

heterogeneous systems.

3. Interpret and analyze reaction kinetics and reactor systems for

optimum reactor performance.

4. Apply reactor design equations for a broad range of conditions

including multiple reactions, catalytic reactions and non-isothermal

processes.

Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentalsand an engineering specialization to the solution of complex chemical

engineering problems.

Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex chemical

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first

principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences


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CHAPTER 1

Chemical Engineering Programme Outcomes (PO)

Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals and an engineering

specialization to the solution of complex chemical engineering problems.

Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex chemical engineering problems

reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciencesand engineering sciences

Design solutions for complex chemical engineering problems and design systems, components or

processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety,

cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

Investigate complex chemical engineering problems using research based knowledge and research

methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data and synthesis of

information to provide valid conclusions.

Use modern engineering and IT tools to evaluate complex chemical engineering activities.

Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and

cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice.

Understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts

and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.

Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of

chemical engineering practice

Communicate effectively on complex chemical engineering activities with the engineeringcommunity and society.

Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi-

disciplinary settings.

Recognise the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long

learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and management principles and apply

these to ones own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in

multidisciplinary environments.


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CHAPTER 1

Objectives- Chapter 1:

Define the rate of chemical reaction.

Distinguish the difference in operation ofdifferent types of reactor

Apply the mole balance equations to abatch reactor, CSTR, PFR, and PBR.


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CHAPTER 1

Topics (Chapter 1):

Lecture 1: Chemical Identity

Reaction Rate

Lecture 2: General Mole Balance Equation

Mole Balance for Different Reactor

Types

Lecture 3: Mole Balance for Different Reactor

Types

Examples
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=PyH-5_kequ-TNM&tbnid=7Lz2apk7WorYZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2b1stconsulting.com%2Fmalaysia-to-take-lead-with-world-first-vessel-for-offshore-chemical-eor%2F&ei=2tyVUcC1FMexrAfdn4HYCg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFORWPoO2fHXq2TuNaewlPdQ3Nx2Q&ust=1368862273676148


7/20

CHAPTER 1

WHY CHEMICALENGINEERS NEED TO

STUDY REACTIONENGINEERING?
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=PyH-5_kequ-TNM&tbnid=7Lz2apk7WorYZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2b1stconsulting.com%2Fmalaysia-to-take-lead-with-world-first-vessel-for-offshore-chemical-eor%2F&ei=2tyVUcC1FMexrAfdn4HYCg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFORWPoO2fHXq2TuNaewlPdQ3Nx2Q&ust=1368862273676148http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=PyH-5_kequ-TNM&tbnid=7Lz2apk7WorYZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2b1stconsulting.com%2Fmalaysia-to-take-lead-with-world-first-vessel-for-offshore-chemical-eor%2F&ei=2tyVUcC1FMexrAfdn4HYCg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFORWPoO2fHXq2TuNaewlPdQ3Nx2Q&ust=1368862273676148


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CHAPTER 1

CHEMICAL

REACTIONENGINEERING

CHEMICAL REACTION REACTOR DESIGN


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CHAPTER 1

Basic knowledge:

Very important

Applications:


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CHAPTER 1

Application of Chem Rxn Engr

(please read page 1-3)

Manufacture of polyethylene and ethylene.

Plant Safety (Nitroanaline Plant Explosion

Exothermic Reactions That Run Away). Oil recovery.

Lubricant Design (Effective Lubricant DesignScavenging Free Radicals).

Enzyme kinetics and Pharmacokinetics. Cobra Bites (Pharmacokinetics of Cobra Bites

Multiple Reactions in a Batch Reactor (body).


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CHAPTER 1

Reaction rate, -rA

What does it tell???

How fast a number ofmoles ofone

chemical species are being

consumedto form another chemical

species (identity).


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CHAPTER 1

Chemical Identity

Identity of a chemical species is

determined by the kind, numberand

configurationof the species atom

CC

H H

CH3 CH3

Cis-2-butene

CC

H

HCH3

CH3

Trans-2-butene

Considered as 2 different species due to the different configuration even when

the numbers of atoms of elements are the same


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CHAPTER 1

Chemical Identity

A reaction is said to occur when a

species lost its identity and assumed a

new form either by:Change in the number of atoms in the

compound

Change in structure of the compoundChange in configuration of atoms


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CHAPTER 1

3 ways of losing chemical identity:

Decomposition

Combination

Isomerisation

Chemical Identity

22233 CHCHHCHCH

NO2ON 22

232252

CHCCHCHCHHC


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CHAPTER 1

Reaction rate

Defined as the rate at which a chemical

species reacts (or formed) per unit volume

Expressed as:

Rate of reactant disappearance

Rate of product formation


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CHAPTER 1

Example:

A B

Rate of reaction is given by:

-rA = rate of disappearance of A

rB= rate of formation of B

For heterogeneous reaction, rate of reaction is

express in terms of catalyst volume or catalyst weight

Reaction rate


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CHAPTER 1

Reaction rate is an intensive propertiesdepends on concentration, temperature,

pressure, or type of catalyst, present in a

system

Reaction rate is NOT influence by type of

reactor used!!

Reaction rate is expressed as:

-rA = kCAn

NOTE: dCA/dt is not the definition for reaction rate

Reaction rate


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CHAPTER 1

Reaction rate:

Example: Is NaOH

reacting? CSTR - operated at steady state;

inlet flow rate = outlet flow rate Perfectly well mixed system;

concentration of samples taken at10 a.m is the same as concentrationtaken at 5 p.m

Therefore: dCA/dt = 0

Does this mean that -rA= 0; i.e. noreaction occurs? The answer is NO!dCA/dt = 0

dt

dCr

A

A


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CHAPTER 1

For any species A:

rA is the rate of formation of species A per unit

volume [e.g. mol/dm3.s]

rA

is a function of concentration, temperature,

pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

rA

is independent of the type of reactor(batch,

plug flow, etc.)r

Ais an algebraic equation, not a differential

equation

Reaction rate


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CHAPTER 1

Dr. KuZee Jan 2010CAB 2074 - Reaction Engineering

chapter 1 lecture 1 kzks

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