Chapter 1- Sec. 2Cell Parts

Life Science

A World of CellsCell- is the basic unit of structure in

living things that carry out life processes.– Many cells are about 0.01 mm long

Look at your Hand…– One square centimeter of your skin’s

surface contains more than 100,000 cells.

Cells are Diverse!!! Cells come in different sizes and their

shape can tell you something about its function.

2 Types of Cells1. Prokaryotic Cells- no internal

organelles- Genetic Material is located in cytoplasm- Single-celled organisms

2. Eukaryotic Cells- contain organelles- Genetic Material is located in nucleus- some Unicellular and Multicellular organisms

What’s the Difference? Open your textbooks to Page 20 and

see the differences between a Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell.

Cells contain structures that carry out specific functions inside of the cell.

There are ONLY TWO types of Eukaryotic Cells that we will

discuss in class!!!

See page 22

We will do multiple labs to see these parts

Plants and Animals have EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!

Lets look at the “parts” that make up eukaryotic cells…

Surrounding the Cell… Cell Membrane- protective layer

around cells that allows material to enter and exit the cell.

– Allows food, oxygen/carbon dioxide into the cell and waste products out of the cell.

Around Plant Cells…

Cell Wall- tough outer covering that protects and supports PLANT cells only.– Made up of a strong material called

Cellulose.

Inside the cell… Cytoplasm- clear, gelatin-like

substance that flows inside the cell membrane.

Throughout the cytoplasm is a framework called…

Cytoskeleton- helps the cell maintain or change its shape

Inside of a Cell What are Organelles???

Organelles- “scientific” word used to describe any part of a cell– Float throughout the cytoplasm– Each organelle or “part” of the cell has a

specific function and job

Process Information Nucleus- the control center of the cell

– Contains the instructions & information a cell needs to function

– These “instructions” are made of DNA or Chromatin

Nucleus

Energy Providing Organelles

Mitochondria- “powerhouse” of the cell that releases energy from food.– Found in both plant & animal cells

Chloroplasts- green organelles only in plant cells that contain chlorophyll– Uses energy from sun to make sugar

STOP HERE

Manufacturing Organelles

Ribosomes- grain-like bodies that make proteins for cell activities.– How you grow & repair

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- a series of smooth or rough membranes that transports or carries proteins or other materials from one part of the cell to another.

Manufacturing Organelles

Golgi Bodies- stacked, flattened membranes that sort and package proteins.– Packages cell material for transport into

vesicles.

Storage & Recycling Organelle

Vacuoles- “storage” organelle that stores water, waste, food, and other materials.– Most plant cells have one large

vacuole.– Animal cells have a few

Lysosomes- “clean up crew” that contains chemicals to break down materials (food/wastes) in a cell.

– Recycling Organelle

– When a cell dies, it releases chemicals that digests or eats the cell

From Cell to Organism