chapter 2 ethics and methods © 2008 mcgraw-hill higher education. all right reserved
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2
Ethics and Methods
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All right reserved.
Anthropological Approach
Holistic perspective
Cultural relativity
Cross-cultural comparisons
Terms for Chapter 2
Ethnocentric
Adaptation
Ethnography
EthnologyEmic – insiders view
Etic – outsiders view
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All right reserved.
Ethics and Anthropology
American Anthropological Association
Code of EthicsInformed consent
Collaborative relationships
Inclusion of host country colleagues in planning, funding requests, and dissemination of results
“Giving something back”
Western Science Methods
AnalysisInductive
Deductive
Scientific Method
Data
Hypothesis
Theory/Law
Publish
Methods Empirical observations
Objective
Subjective
Methods in Cultural Anthropology
Two brief categories of investigationEthnographic
Comparative
Each one has two partsPresent
Recent past
Ethnographic Methods
Fieldwork Deals with the present time
Primary method of collecting data
Three main methods for fieldworkParticipant Observation
Interview
Media
Ethnohistory
Deals with people in recent past
Get data from the textual sources
Comparative Methods
Cross-cultural comparisons
Controlled Historical Comparisons
Cultural Anthropology and Sociology
Share interest in social relations, organization, and behavior
Sociology traditionally focused on large, industrialized Western nations
Anthropology traditionally focused on small, nonliterate populations
Ethnography: Anthropology’s Distinctive Strategy
Firsthand, personal study of local cultural settings
Extended period of time in a given society or community
Ethnographic Techniques
Observation and participant observation
Ethnographic Techniques
Conversation, interviewing, and interview schedules
Ethnographic Techniques
The genealogical method
Key cultural consultants (key informants)Life histories
Ethnographic Techniques
Local beliefs and perceptions versus
those of the ethnographerEmic (native-oriented) approach
Etic (science-oriented) approach
Types of Ethnography
Problem-oriented EthnographyMost ethnographers investigate a specific problem
Collection of data on range of variables
Longitudinal Research
Team Research
Survey Research
Becoming more popular
Impersonal
LimitationsRace
Gender
Culture Shock
What is culture shock?
How could anthropologists get it?