chapter 20 the world war i era section i: the road to war
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20The World War I Era
Section I: The Road To War
Section I: Key Terms
Militarism
Mobilization
Central Powers
Allies
Stalemate
Autocrat
Section I: The Road To War
• Causes of WWI– Imperialism–Militarism– Nationalism– Alliances (entangling alliances)
Section I: The Road To War
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
• Gavrilo Princip of Bosnia
• Cause of WWI?
Section I: The Road To War
• The Start of War– Austria-Hungary had fought with Serbia over
control of Bosnia– Austria-Hungary was convinced that Serbia was
responsible for the Archdukes death– July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia– This action officially begins WWI
Section I: The Road To War
• Russia (Serbia Protector) Mobilized• Germany (Austria-Hungary Ally) reacts to Russia• France (Russian Ally) Mobilizes• Germany declares war on Russia / France• Germany invades Belgium (to get to France)• Great Britain (Belgium’s ally) declares war on
Germany• U.S. stays neutral
Section I: The Road To War
• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary
• Allies– Russia– France– Serbia– Great Britain
Section I: The Road To War
• New Technology– Trench Warfare–Machine Guns– Hand Grenades– Artillery– Poison Gas– U-Boats
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
Section II: Key Terms
• U-Boat• Sussex Pledge• Filibuster• Zimmerman Telegraph (Note)• Russian Revolution
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• America was Neutral• America Supported Allies• Militarism
• Utterseeboot – Uboats
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• Lusitania – British Passenger Liner– May 7, 1915 Torpedoes Sunk– Carried Weapons to Allies– 1200 Dead (128 Americans)– Germany promised to stop sinking ships without warning
• Sussex – French Passenger Liner– March 24, 1916 Torpedoes Sunk– Sussex Pledge – Germans again promised to warn before attacking
• February 1, 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• President Wilson• Congress refused
• Zimmerman Note– German Secretary sent a note to Mexico– Ally with Germany–Mexico gets Texas, New Mexico, Arizona– Angered Americans
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• 1917 – 1918 Russia Pulled Out of War• Czar Nicholas and Family Killed• Russian Revolution
• March 1917• Germany Sinks Three U.S. Ships
• April 6, 1917 U.S. Enters War
Section III: Americans on the European Front
Section III Key Terms
• Selective Service Act• American Expeditionary Force• Convoy• Armistice• Genocide
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• April 1917 U.S. Enters WWI• U.S. Armed Forces 200,000• General “Black Jack” Pershing• 14,500 Troops go to Europe• Pershing needed more men
• May 1917 Selective Service Act (Draft)• 3 million men were drafted
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)– U.S. Troops
• Convoy – a group of unarmed ships surrounded by heavily armed destroyers.
• June 1917 AEF arrives in France
Section III: Americans on the European Front
AEF Turns the Tide of the War– No trenches– No retreat– Tank Warfare pushed East toward Germany– Red Baron, Sgt York
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• By Fall of 1918 Germany was in full retreat• Kaiser Wilhelm sought a peace settlement• Allies insisted on total surrender• November 11, 1918 Armistice (cease fire)• Treaty came later
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• WWI 8 million dead in combat (book estimates)• AEF 50,000• British 900,000• Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Russia– Over 1 million each
• Actual numbers were much higher– Influenza epidemic 50 -100 million dead
Section IV: On The Home Front(Skip)
Section IV Key Terms
• Liberty Bond• Price Controls• Rationing• Daylight Savings Time• Sedition• Vigilante
Section IV:
Section IV:
Section IV:
Section V: Global Peacemaker
Section V Key Terms
• Fourteen Points• Self-Determination• Spoils• League of Nations• Reparations• Versailles Treaty
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• November 11, 1918 Armistice
• President Wilson’s Program for Peace• Fourteen Point Plan– End entangling alliances– Removal of trade barriers– Reduction in arms– League of Nations– others
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• January 1919• Paris Peace Conference• Fourteen Point Plan rejected by Allies• Allies wanted to punish Germany• Allies wanted Spoils or rewards of war
– Territory
• Allies wanted Reparations ($33 Billion)• President warned of consequences of punishing
Germany to harshly• Allies had a point (WWI fought in Europe not U.S.)
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• May 7, 1919 • The Treaty of Versailles– Reparations, Spoils, Disarmament for Germany,
and League of Nations– Germany first refused to sign it– French threatened to invade Germany– June 28, 1919 Treaty signed
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• President Wilson returned home with Treaty of Versailles
• Congress must ratify any Treaty (Constitution)• Congress refused to ratify Treaty• Congress objected to League of Nations– U.S. would become world policemen
• U.S. never signed Treaty of Versailles, never joined League of Nations.
• U.S. signed separate Treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• Following WWI • World economies began to struggle…..