chapter 20 the world war i era
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Chapter 20 The World War I Era. Section I: The Road To War. Section I: Key Terms. Militarism Mobilization Central Powers Allies Stalemate Autocrat. Section I: The Road To War. Causes of WWI Imperialism Militarism Nationalism Alliances (entangling alliances). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20The World War I Era
Section I: The Road To War
Section I: Key Terms
MilitarismMobilizationCentral PowersAlliesStalemateAutocrat
Section I: The Road To War
• Causes of WWI– Imperialism–Militarism– Nationalism– Alliances (entangling alliances)
Section I: The Road To War
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
• Gavrilo Princip of Bosnia
• Cause of WWI?
Section I: The Road To War
• The Start of War– Austria-Hungary had fought with Serbia over
control of Bosnia– Austria-Hungary was convinced that Serbia was
responsible for the Archdukes death– July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on
Serbia– This action officially begins WWI
Section I: The Road To War
• Russia (Serbia Protector) Mobilized• Germany (Austria-Hungary Ally) reacts to Russia• France (Russian Ally) Mobilizes• Germany declares war on Russia / France• Germany invades Belgium (to get to France)• Great Britain (Belgium’s ally) declares war on
Germany• U.S. stays neutral
Section I: The Road To War
• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary
• Allies– Russia– France– Serbia– Great Britain
Section I: The Road To War
• New Technology– Trench Warfare–Machine Guns– Hand Grenades– Artillery– Poison Gas– U-Boats
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
Section II: Key Terms
• U-Boat• Sussex Pledge• Filibuster• Zimmerman Telegraph (Note)• Russian Revolution
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• America was Neutral• America Supported Allies• Militarism
• Utterseeboot – Uboats
Section II: The U.S. Declares War• Lusitania – British Passenger Liner
– May 7, 1915 Torpedoes Sunk– Carried Weapons to Allies– 1200 Dead (128 Americans)– Germany promised to stop sinking ships without warning
• Sussex – French Passenger Liner– March 24, 1916 Torpedoes Sunk– Sussex Pledge – Germans again promised to warn before attacking
• February 1, 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• President Wilson• Congress refused
• Zimmerman Note– German Secretary sent a note to Mexico– Ally with Germany–Mexico gets Texas, New Mexico, Arizona– Angered Americans
Section II: The U.S. Declares War
• 1917 – 1918 Russia Pulled Out of War• Czar Nicholas and Family Killed• Russian Revolution
• March 1917• Germany Sinks Three U.S. Ships
• April 6, 1917 U.S. Enters War
Section III: Americans on the European Front
Section III Key Terms
• Selective Service Act• American Expeditionary Force• Convoy• Armistice• Genocide
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• April 1917 U.S. Enters WWI• U.S. Armed Forces 200,000• General “Black Jack” Pershing• 14,500 Troops go to Europe• Pershing needed more men
• May 1917 Selective Service Act (Draft)• 3 million men were drafted
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)– U.S. Troops
• Convoy – a group of unarmed ships surrounded by heavily armed destroyers.
• June 1917 AEF arrives in France
Section III: Americans on the European Front
AEF Turns the Tide of the War– No trenches– No retreat– Tank Warfare pushed East toward Germany– Red Baron, Sgt York
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• By Fall of 1918 Germany was in full retreat• Kaiser Wilhelm sought a peace settlement• Allies insisted on total surrender• November 11, 1918 Armistice (cease fire)• Treaty came later
Section III: Americans on the European Front
• WWI 8 million dead in combat (book estimates)• AEF 50,000• British 900,000• Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Russia– Over 1 million each
• Actual numbers were much higher– Influenza epidemic 50 -100 million dead
Section IV: On The Home Front(Skip)
Section IV Key Terms
• Liberty Bond• Price Controls• Rationing• Daylight Savings Time• Sedition• Vigilante
Section IV:
Section IV:
Section IV:
Section V: Global Peacemaker
Section V Key Terms
• Fourteen Points• Self-Determination• Spoils• League of Nations• Reparations• Versailles Treaty
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• November 11, 1918 Armistice
• President Wilson’s Program for Peace• Fourteen Point Plan– End entangling alliances– Removal of trade barriers– Reduction in arms– League of Nations– others
Section V: Global Peacemaker• January 1919• Paris Peace Conference• Fourteen Point Plan rejected by Allies• Allies wanted to punish Germany• Allies wanted Spoils or rewards of war
– Territory• Allies wanted Reparations ($33 Billion)• President warned of consequences of punishing Germany
to harshly• Allies had a point (WWI fought in Europe not U.S.)
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• May 7, 1919 • The Treaty of Versailles– Reparations, Spoils, Disarmament for Germany,
and League of Nations– Germany first refused to sign it– French threatened to invade Germany– June 28, 1919 Treaty signed
Section V: Global Peacemaker• President Wilson returned home with Treaty of Versailles• Congress must ratify any Treaty (Constitution)• Congress refused to ratify Treaty• Congress objected to League of Nations– U.S. would become world policemen
• U.S. never signed Treaty of Versailles, never joined League of Nations.
• U.S. signed separate Treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary
Section V: Global Peacemaker
• Following WWI • World economies began to struggle…..