CHAPTER 26CHAPTER 26

The Second World War,

1940 - 1945

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War in EuropeWar in Europe

Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939) Germany blitzkriegs Poland in September 1939

Britain and France declare war on Germany Germany invades Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg

France falls June 22, 1940 Dunkirk flotilla Winston Churchill

FDR wins third term as president Wendell Wilkie

The End of NeutralityThe End of Neutrality Lend-Lease program begins in 1941

USS Reuben James Germany breaks pact, invades Russia, June 1941 Churchill and FDR sign Atlantic Charter Japanese aggression in Pacific escalates

Gunboat Panay Pearl Harbor

18 warships, 300 planes, and 2,400 Americans lost U.S. suffers early defeats while gearing up for war

Japanese took Guam, Wake Island, and Philippines Douglas MacArthur

The HomefrontThe Homefront

War ends Depression Americans go to work in defense industries War Production Board Revenue Act of 1942 17 million new jobs created during war

Americans were “making do” now that “We’re all in this together” Rationing leads to shortages Baseball became part of war effort

Opportunity and DiscriminationOpportunity and Discrimination

Women and minorities fill traditional men’s roles and new work roles 6 million women took defense jobs

“Rosie the Riveter” becomes American icon “Double-V Campaign” is adopted by blacks

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Executive Order #8802 bars discrimination in federal jobs, but discrimination continues

Japanese-American internment Executive Order 9066 Hirabayashi v. United States

Japanese American Relocation

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The Grand AllianceThe Grand Alliance

Russian army fights virtually alone against Germany Stalingrad

Western Allies concentrate on North Africa and Italy Mussolini killed in April, 1945

Tehran Conference Normandy invasion begins in June 1944

3 million men in Operation Overlord Omaha Beach Paris liberated in August, 1944

Germans counter-attack in Battle of the Bulge

The Grand Alliance The Grand Alliance (cont.’d)(cont.’d)

Allies converge on Berlin Discovered extermination camps

6 million Jews and 4 million others killed Dachau and Auschwitz War Refuge Board

Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin Bunker, April 20, 1945

War in Europe ends May 7, 1945

Allied Military Strategy in North Africa, Italy, and France

Allied Advances and the Collapse of German

Power

The Pacific WarThe Pacific War

Battle of Coral Sea halts Japanese invasion of Australia

Battle of Midway U.S. forces retake territory America remains on offensive for rest of war Leapfrogging across Pacific islands

Guadalcanal secured February 1943 Retook Gilberts, Marshals, Guam, Tinian, Saipan, and

Marianas Philippines liberated October 1944

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Brutal fighting on Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Japanese Expansion and Early Battles in the Pacific

Pacific Theater

Offensive Strategy and Final Assault Against Japan

A Change in LeadershipA Change in Leadership

Roosevelt meets with Churchill and Stalin at Yalta Plan for post-war Germany

FDR dies April 12, 1945, of severe stroke, is replaced by Harry Truman

Truman learns of Manhattan Project Enola Gay and Bock’s Car Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japanese surrendered September 2, 1945 aboard USS

Missouri

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What were the major events in Europe between 1933 and 1939 that led to war?

How did FDR mobilize the U.S. economy to support the war effort?

Examine the Allied strategy for winning the war. How was it implemented? What were the major problems?

How did the U.S. and its allies defeat the Japanese in the Pacific? How was this war different than the war in Europe?